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Ahmad M, Seddon YM, Blanch M, Penner GB, Moya D. Effects of flavoring additives on feed intake, growth performance, temperament, and markers of immune function for newly received feedlot cattle. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae139. [PMID: 38757251 PMCID: PMC11161901 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Ninety Angus × Hereford steers (259.9 ± 36.18 kg body weight [BW]) were used in a 56-d experiment to assess the effects of flavoring additives on feed intake, and stress and immune response of newly received feedlot cattle. Steers were homogenously distributed by BW into six pens equipped with an individual feed intake monitoring system, and pen was randomly assigned to one of three treatments (15 heads per pen; 30 heads per treatment): a standard feedlot receiving diet (CT), or the same diet with a flavoring additive comprised of either sweeteners (Luctarom Feedlot, SW) or a mix of basic tastes (Luctarom Feedlot Mix, MX) at 1 kg/mT. Pens were equipped with a feed intake monitoring system, while BW, chute behavior, flight speed, blood and saliva samples were collected bi-weekly, and hair samples were collected at 4-wk intervals during the study. Data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model for a pen study using individual animal records with repeated measures. There was a treatment × week interaction (P < 0.01) where meal duration was greater in SW steers than MX and CT on week 3, and then CT on weeks 7 and 8. A trend for treatment × week interaction (P = 0.06) showed that the number of visits per day tended to be greater in SW than MX steers on weeks 4 and 5, and it tended to be greater in SW than MX and CT on week 5. The concentration of IL-6 was greater (P < 0.01) on days 1 and 28 than on day 14. The IgM concentration was greater (P < 0.01) on day 1 compared to days 14, 28, and 56. The concentration of haptoglobin was greater (P < 0.01) on 14 than days 28, 42, and 56, and it was greater (P < 0.01) on day 1 than days 42 and 56. The concentration of serum amyloid A was greater (P < 0.01) on day 1 compared to the rest of sampling days. Fibrinogen concentration was greater (P < 0.01) on day 1 compared to days 14 and 42. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was greater (P < 0.01) on days 42 and 56 compared to days 1 and 28, and greater (P < 0.01) on day 14 compared to day 28. Hair and saliva cortisol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) on day 56 compared to days 1 and 28, respectively. The use of flavoring additives, particularly when based on sweeteners (SW), caused some changes in the feeding pattern of newly received steers. These changes, however, were not consistent over the 56-d feeding period and were not accompanied by a change in growth performance, temperament, biomarkers of stress, inflammation, or immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustaq Ahmad
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Yolande M Seddon
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Marta Blanch
- Innovation Division, Lucta S.A., Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
| | - Gregory B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Diego Moya
- Large Animal Clinical Sciences Department, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
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Jamwal S, Jena MK, Tyagi N, Kancharla S, Kolli P, Mandadapu G, Kumar S, Mohanty AK. Proteomic Approaches to Unravel the Molecular Dynamics of Early Pregnancy in Farm Animals: An In-Depth Review. J Dev Biol 2023; 12:2. [PMID: 38248867 PMCID: PMC10801625 DOI: 10.3390/jdb12010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a major problem in farm animals, which has a negative economic effect on farm industries. Infertility can be defined as the inability of animals to achieve a successful pregnancy. Early pregnancy is crucial to establish a successful pregnancy, and it is reported that 70-80% and 20-30% of total embryonic loss occur in cattle and pigs, respectively, during the first month of pregnancy. The advanced high-throughput proteomics techniques provide valuable tools for in-depth understanding of the implantation process in farm animals. In the present review, our goal was to compile, assess, and integrate the latest proteomic research on farm animals, specifically focused on female reproduction, which involves endometrial tissues, uterine fluids, oviductal fluids, and microRNAs. The series of studies has provided in-depth insights into the events of the implantation process by unfolding the molecular landscape of the uterine tract. The discussed data are related to pregnant vs. non-pregnant animals, pregnancy vs. oestrous cycle, different days of the early pregnancy phase, and animals with uterine infections affecting reproduction health. Some of the studies have utilized non-invasive methods and in vitro models to decipher the molecular events of embryo-maternal interaction. The proteomics data are valuable sources for discovering biomarkers for infertility in ruminants and new regulatory pathways governing embryo-uterine interaction, endometrium receptivity, and embryonic development. Here, we envisage that the identified protein signatures can serve as potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers to develop new therapeutics against pregnancy diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Jamwal
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India; (S.J.); (N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Manoj Kumar Jena
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | - Nikunj Tyagi
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India; (S.J.); (N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Sudhakar Kancharla
- Devansh Lab Werks, 234 Aquarius Drive, Homewood, AL 35209, USA; (S.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Prachetha Kolli
- Microgen Health Inc., 14225 Sullyfield Cir Suite E, Chantilly, VA 20151, USA;
| | - Gowtham Mandadapu
- Devansh Lab Werks, 234 Aquarius Drive, Homewood, AL 35209, USA; (S.K.); (G.M.)
| | - Sudarshan Kumar
- Proteomics and Structural Biology Lab, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India; (S.J.); (N.T.); (S.K.)
| | - Ashok Kumar Mohanty
- ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cattle, Meerut Cantt 250001, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hiltz R, Steelreath M, Degenshein-Woods M, Hung H, Aguilar A, Nielsen H, Rezamand P, Laarman A. Effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii (CNCM I-1079) on feed intake, blood parameters, and production during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2022; 106:187-201. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fazio E, Bionda A, Liotta L, Amato A, Chiofalo V, Crepaldi P, Satué K, Lopreiato V. Changes of acute-phase proteins, glucose, and lipid metabolism during pregnancy in lactating dairy cows. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:329-339. [PMID: 36267480 PMCID: PMC9562691 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-329-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stages of lactation (0 to > 300 d) and pregnancy (0 to > 180 d) on serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), glucose, total cholesterol (TCho), and triglyceride (TG) concentrations in dairy cows of different breeds. Thus, 40 healthy multiparous cows (10 Holstein, 10 Simmental, 10 Brown, and 10 Modicana) were randomly selected, and blood samples were collected once every 60 d for 1 year. Overall, SAA and CRP serum concentrations progressively increased and became more variable along the lactation, peaking at > 240-300 d, and then decreased in the last period ( > 300 d). Along pregnancy, SAA and CRP initially increased, with the highest concentrations at > 60-120 d, and then decreased until the last phase of pregnancy ( > 180 d). However, lactation and gestation phases did not significantly affect SAA and CRP when all the cows were analyzed together. A significant and positive correlation was observed between SAA and CRP both along lactation ( r = 0.89 ; p < 0.0001 ) and pregnancy ( r = 0.91 ; p < 0.0001 ). Breeds only showed differences in CRP levels along gestation ( p = 0.0102 ), due to a peak registered at 0-60 d in Holstein cows. In pregnant cows, glucose was positively correlated with SAA ( r = 0.43 ; p = 0.0017 ) and CRP ( r = 0.42 ; p = 0.0019 ). Hence, these significant and positive relationships reflect the physiological adaptations of the dairy cows along both gestational and lactational dynamics, suggesting that these proteins may also be involved in non-pathological processes. In this perspective, this study established that the obtained response markedly varies among healthy individuals along lactation and gestation and thus that the physiological range of acute-phase proteins (APPs) is wide; this makes it difficult to use these proteins as a marker of different physiological reproductive and productive periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Fazio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Bionda
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Luigi Liotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Annalisa Amato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Crepaldi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan
University, Via Celoria, 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Katiuska Satué
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, CEU-Cardenal Herrera University, 46115, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Messina University, Viale
Palatucci, 13, 98168, Messina, Italy
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Engelking LE, Ambrose DJ, Oba M. Effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug administration on serum inflammatory markers and productivity of dairy cows during the calving transition. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4144-4155. [PMID: 35307174 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Dairy cattle experience inflammation during the calving transition period, and butyrate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are expected to reduce the inflammation. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration on feed intake, serum inflammatory markers, plasma metabolites, and milk production of dairy cows during the calving transition period. Eighty-three Holstein cows were used in the experiment with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The cows were blocked by parity and calving date, and randomly assigned to a dietary butyrate or control supplement, and NSAID or a placebo oral administration. Experimental diets were iso-energetic containing calcium butyrate at 1.42% of diet dry matter (DM) or the control supplement (1.04% commercial fat supplement and 0.38% calcium carbonate of diet DM). The close-up diets contained 13.3% starch and 42.4% neutral detergent fiber on a DM basis, and were fed from 28 d before expected calving date until calving. The postpartum diets contained 22.1% starch and 34.1% neutral detergent fiber on a DM basis and were fed from calving to 24 d after calving. Oral NSAID (1 mg of meloxicam/kg of body weight) or placebo (food dye) was administered 12 to 24 h after calving. Dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration did not affect milk yield or postpartum serum concentrations of amyloid A and haptoglobin. However, butyrate-fed cows increased plasma fatty acid concentration on d -4 relative to calving (501 vs. 340 μEq/L) and tended to increase serum haptoglobin concentration (0.23 vs. 0.10 mg/mL). There was a supplement by drug interaction effect on plasma glucose concentration on d 4; in cows administered the placebo drug, butyrate supplementation decreased plasma glucose concentration compared with control-fed cows (62.8 vs. 70.1 mg/dL). Butyrate-fed cows tended to have lower milk crude protein yield compared with cows fed the control diet (1.21 vs. 1.27 kg/d). Dietary butyrate supplementation and oral NSAID administration did not have overall positive effects on production performance of dairy cows during the calving transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Engelking
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - D J Ambrose
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5
| | - M Oba
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2P5.
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Darwish A, Ebissy E, Ateya A, El-Sayed A. Single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with postpartum disorders susceptibility in Barki sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2021; 34:327-339. [PMID: 34406916 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2021.1964984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the immunological and antioxidant alterations associated with ovine postpartum disorders. Blood samples were collected from 90 adult Barki ewes and allocated into three equal-sized groups (30 ewes each): control group (CG), inflammatory postpartum disorders group (IPG) and non-inflammatory postpartum disorders group (NIPG). PCR-DNA sequencing approach was carried out for TLR4 (256-bp) and SOD (456-bp) genes, and nucleotide sequence variations were noticed to be associated with postpartum disorders resistance/susceptibility. Gene expression profile was also evaluated and levels of IL5, IL6, IL1-ß, TNF alpha, TLR4 and Tollip were significantly up-regulated in ewes affected with postpartum disorders than resistant ones, while SOD and CAT genes pattern elicited an opposite trend. Exploring serum profile also showed a significant increase of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and NO in IPG compared to their correspond values in NIPG and CG. However, serum levels of IL-10, CAT, GSH and GPx were significantly decreased. This study highlights that SNPs in TLR4 and SOD genes could be genetic markers for postpartum disorders resistance/susceptibility in Barki ewes. Gene expression alongside serum profiles of antioxidant markers could also be used to follow-up the immune status of ewes to build up an effective management protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Darwish
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman Ebissy
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ateya
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmed El-Sayed
- Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt
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Gómez-Martínez JE, Rodríguez-Osorio N, Echeverri-Zuluaga JJ, López-Herrera A. The energy level of the diet in Holstein cows in the first third of lactation alters the expression of immune genes in the mammary gland. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:219-231. [PMID: 33141491 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Our goal was to define the effect of the energy intake in Holstein cows' diet in the first third lactation on gene expression profile of immune system in mammary gland through RNA-seq. Twelve Holstein cows were used in the first third of lactation, arranged in four treatments or diets: (a) hypocaloric (HYPO, 85% of the net energy of lactation (NEl) requirements), (b) isocaloric (ISO, 100% of the NEl requirements, control diet), (c) hypercaloric (HYPER, 115% of the NEl requirements) and (d) isocaloric plus sunflower oil supplementation (OIL, 106% of the NEl requirements). A biopsy of mammary gland tissue was carried out after 25 days per diet, from which the RNA was extracted and sequenced using the Illumina HiSeqTM 2,500 sequencer. The analysis of reads obtained from the sequencing in the QIAGEN® CLC Genomics Workbench 10.0 bioinformatics software was performed. From 27,368 genes annotated in the reference genome, 17,429 genes expressed in the evaluated treatments were identified. Moreover, 1,743 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found, of which 15 DEGs were found in the ISO vs. OIL comparison, 1,196 DEGs in the ISO vs. HYPO comparison and 532 DEGs in the ISO vs. HYPER comparison. Thus, of the 1,743 DEGs, 401 correspond to genes involved in the functioning of the immune system, encompassing 23% of the total number of DEGs involved in the analysis, and 13.6% of the total number of genes involved in the functioning of the immune system. The energy intake in Holstein cows' diet has impact in the expression of immune genes CXCL13, TRDC among others, present in the regulation of immune system processes. This immune system altered might increase the somatic cells score and therefore reach some diseases. It is recommended to measure the energy intake according to the animals' energy requirements and to cover them the closest to the 100%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Esteban Gómez-Martínez
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular-BIOGEM [Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics-BIOGEM], Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Medellin Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - José Julián Echeverri-Zuluaga
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular-BIOGEM [Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics-BIOGEM], Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Medellin Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Albeiro López-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Genética Molecular-BIOGEM [Research Group on Biodiversity and Molecular Genetics-BIOGEM], Universidad Nacional de Colombia Sede Medellin, Medellin Antioquia, Colombia
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Trimboli F, Ragusa M, Piras C, Lopreiato V, Britti D. Outcomes from Experimental Testing of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) Administration during the Transition Period of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10101832. [PMID: 33050071 PMCID: PMC7601688 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of dairy cows with nonsteroidal drugs is applied experimentally to investigate the relevance of inflammation during the periparturient period. Despite appearing healthy, dairy cows throughout the transition period and mainly after parturition can develop a pro-inflammatory status that may negatively influence milk production and cows’ health. The administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been demonstrated to have both positive or negative effects on health and milk production, depending on the type of inhibition mechanism, the dose administered and the cows’ lactation numbers. At present, the safety and efficacy of NSAIDs have not been irrefutably demonstrated; therefore, their use to improve metabolic and inflammatory status, as well as milk production and cow health after parturition, should be carefully evaluated. Abstract During the transition period, dairy cows experience great physiological stress caused by changes in metabolism and in the immune and endocrine systems. A pro-inflammatory state is another difficulty faced by even apparently healthy animals. The most significant negative consequences of inflammation in dairy cows are substantial impairment of milk production and deleterious effects on cows’ health in extreme cases. Nonetheless, a certain degree of inflammation is necessary to sustain physiological adaptations. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine whether the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) in the transition period of dairy cows could positively affect milk production and cows’ health by controlling the inflammation status. This literature indicates that NSAIDs that act as preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) activity show important side effects (e.g., increased risk of retained placenta, culling, or metritis) even if milk production is, on average, ameliorated. In contrast, preferential inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity have overall positive effects on cows’ health, with potential beneficial effects on milk production. Furthermore, it is important to note that with certain NSAID treatments, milk discarding is mandatory to prevent contamination with drug residues, but increased milk production can compensate for the loss of milk revenue during the withdrawal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Trimboli
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Monica Ragusa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Department of Animal Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Science, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Science, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.T.); (C.P.); (D.B.)
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Shock DA, Renaud DL, Roche SM, Poliquin R, Thomson R, Olson ME. Evaluating the impact of meloxicam oral suspension administered at parturition on subsequent production, health, and culling in dairy cows: A randomized clinical field trial. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209236. [PMID: 30540846 PMCID: PMC6291144 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parturition is a painful event experienced by cows at the onset of lactation. This pain could lead to a reduced feed intake, altered metabolic and immunological status, and a host of other diseases that could seriously limit her productive herd lifespan. The objective of the current study was to assess the effect of administration of a single dose of oral meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), on the production and health status of cows during their lactation. A total of 2,653 (1,009 meloxicam-treated and 1,644 untreated control) cows were enrolled across 20 herds in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, Canada. Relative to untreated controls, meloxicam-treated cows produced 0.64 kg/day (SE = 0.29. P = 0.03) more milk over the first 3 test days (90–120 days in lactation), had 0.75 times the odds of subclinical mastitis at first test (SE = 0.08, P = 0.01), and were culled or died at 0.46 times the rate (SE = 0.16, P = 0.03) before 60 days in milk. These results are consistent with previous research and lend support to the hypothesis that parturition is a painful event in cattle. Attempts to ameliorate such pain with analgesics is associated with a variety of positive health and production outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Shock
- Agricultural Communications and Epidemiological Research (ACER) Consulting, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - David L. Renaud
- Agricultural Communications and Epidemiological Research (ACER) Consulting, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven M. Roche
- Agricultural Communications and Epidemiological Research (ACER) Consulting, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Hussein HA, El-Razik KAEHA, Gomaa AM, Elbayoumy MK, Abdelrahman KA, Hosein HI. Milk amyloid A as a biomarker for diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in cattle. Vet World 2018; 11:34-41. [PMID: 29479155 PMCID: PMC5813509 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.34-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mastitis is one of the most vital noteworthy monetary risks to dairy ranchers and affects reproductive performance in dairy cattle. However, subclinical mastitis (SCM) negatively affects milk quality and quantity and associated with economic losses as clinical mastitis. It is recognizable only by additional testing. Somatic cell count (SCC) is currently used worldwide for the screening of intramammary infection (IMI) infections. However, somatic cells (SC) are affected by numerous factors and not always correlate with infection of the udder. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the milk amyloid A (MAA) in the milk of normal and SCM cows and compare the sensitivity of both MAA secretion and SCC in response to mammary gland bacterial infection. Materials and Methods A total of 272 quarter milk samples collected from 68 Friesian cows after clinical examination for detection of clinical mastitis were employed in this study. All quarter milk samples (272) were subjected to bacteriological examination, while SCs were assessed in samples (220). Following SCC estimation and bacteriological examination, the apparently normal quarter milk samples were categorized into 7 groups and MAA concentration was estimated in normal and subclinical mastitic milk samples. Results Prevalence of clinical mastitis was 19.12 % (52 quarters), while 80.88 % (220 quarters) were clinically healthy with normal milk secretion. Of those 220 clinically healthy quarter milk samples, 72 (32.73%) showed SCM as detected by SCC (SCC ≥500,000 cells/ml). The most prevalent bacteria detected in this study were streptococci (48.53%), Staphylococcus aureus (29.41%), Escherichia coli (36.76%), and coagulase-negative staphylococci (11.76%). Results of MAA estimation revealed a strong correlation between MAA secretion level and SCC in agreement with the bacteriological examination. Interestingly, there was a prompt increase in MAA concentration in Group III (G III) (group of milk samples had SCC ≤200,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically positive) than Group I (G I) (group of milk samples with SCC ≤500,000 cells/ml and bacteriologically negative), as MAA concentration in G III was about 4 times its concentration in G I. Conclusion Our study provides a strong evidence for the significance of MAA measurement in milk during SCM, and MAA is more sensitive to IMI than SCC. This can be attributed to rapid and sensitive marker of inflammation. The advantage of MAA over other diagnostic markers of SCM is attributed the minute or even undetectable level of MAA in the milk of healthy animals, it is not influenced by factors other than mastitis, and could be estimated in preserved samples. Therefore, we recommend that estimation of MAA concentration in milk is a more useful diagnostic tool than SCC to detect SCM and to monitor the udder health in dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Animal Reproduction and AI, Veterinary Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Alaa Mohamed Gomaa
- Department of Mastitis and Neonatal Diseases, Animal Reproduction Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Karam Elbayoumy
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Khaled A Abdelrahman
- Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - H I Hosein
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni Suef, Egypt
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