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Garg S, Behera S, Ruiz HA, Kumar S. A Review on Opportunities and Limitations of Membrane Bioreactor Configuration in Biofuel Production. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5497-5540. [PMID: 35579743 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03955-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biofuels are a clean and renewable source of energy that has gained more attention in recent years; however, high energy input and processing cost during the production and recovery process restricted its progress. Membrane technology offers a range of energy-saving separation for product recovery and purification in biorefining along with biofuel production processes. Membrane separation techniques in combination with different biological processes increase cell concentration in the bioreactor, reduce product inhibition, decrease chemical consumption, reduce energy requirements, and further increase product concentration and productivity. Certain membrane bioreactors have evolved with the ability to deal with different biological production and separation processes to make them cost-effective, but there are certain limitations. The present review describes the advantages and limitations of membrane bioreactors to produce different biofuels with the ability to simplify upstream and downstream processes in terms of sustainability and economics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Garg
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144601, India
- Department of Microbiology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Grand Trunk Road, Amritsar, Punjab, 143040, India
| | - Shuvashish Behera
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144601, India.
- Department of Alcohol Technology and Biofuels, Vasantdada Sugar Institute, Manjari (Bk.), Pune, 412307, India.
| | - Hector A Ruiz
- Biorefinery Group, Food Research Department, School of Chemistry, Autonomous University of Coahuila, 25280, Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144601, India.
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2
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Alonazi M, Al-Diahan SK, Alzahrani ZR, Ben Bacha A. Combined immobilized lipases for effective biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103772. [PMID: 37663395 PMCID: PMC10470282 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This work describes the enzymatic transesterification of the oil extracted from SCGs for synthesis of biodiesel as a promising alternative to diesel fuels based on petroleum. Biocatalysts from various sources were tested for biodiesel synthesis using coffee oil among which CaCO3- immobilized Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus stearothermophilus showed the highest conversion yields (61 ± 2.64% and 64.3 ± 1.53%, respectively) in 4 h. In further optimizing reaction parameters, methanol to oil molar ratio, biocatalyst quantity, water content, as well as incubation time and temperature markedly improved oil-to-biodiesel conversion up to 99.33 ± 0.57 % in a solvent free reaction after 12 h at 55 °C. A mixture of inexpensive CaCO3-immobilized bacterial lipases at a 1:1 ratio was the best environment-friendly catalyst for biofuel synthesis as well as the ideal trade-off between conversion and cost. Obtained coffee biodiesel remained stable beyond 40 days at ambient storage conditions and its chemical characteristics were comparable to those of other known biodiesels according to the European requirements (EN14214). Collectively, SCGs, after oil extraction, could be an ideal substrate for the production of an environment-friendly biodiesel by using appropriate mixture of CaCO3-immobilized lipases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Alonazi
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sooad K. Al-Diahan
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaenab R.A. Alzahrani
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abir Ben Bacha
- Biochemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, P.O Box 22455, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Biological Methods in Biodiesel Production and Their Environmental Impact. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112210946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This publication presents the technologies of enzymatic biodiesel production in comparison to the conventional methods using acid and base catalysts. Transesterification with conventional catalysts has some disadvantages, and for this reason, alternative methods of biodiesel production have been investigated. These solutions include the replacement of chemical catalysts with biological ones, which show substrate specificity in relation to fats. Replacing chemical with biological catalysts causes elimination of some disadvantages of chemical processes, for instance: high temperatures of reaction, problematic process of glycerol purification, higher alcohol-to-oil molar ratios, and soap formation. Moreover, it causes operational cost reduction and has a positive environmental impact. This is due to the lower temperature of the process, which in turn translates into lower cost of equipment and lower GHG emissions associated with the need to provide less heat to the process. The increase of biofuels’ demand has led to the technology of enzymatic biodiesel production being constantly being developed. This research mainly focuses on the possibility of obtaining cheaper and more effective biocatalysts, as well as increasing the durability of enzyme immobilization on different materials.
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Mazzei R, Yihdego Gebreyohannes A, Papaioannou E, Nunes SP, Vankelecom IFJ, Giorno L. Enzyme catalysis coupled with artificial membranes towards process intensification in biorefinery- a review. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 335:125248. [PMID: 33991878 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this review, for the first time, the conjugation of the major types of enzymes used in biorefineries and the membrane processes to develop different configurations of MBRs, was analyzedfor the production of biofuels, phytotherapics and food ingredients. In particular, the aim is to critically review all the works related to the application of MBR in biorefinery, highlighting the advantages and the main drawbacks which can interfere with the development of this system at industrial scale. Alternatives strategies to overcome main limits will be also described in the different application fields, such as the use of biofunctionalized magnetic nanoparticles associated with membrane processes for enzyme re-use and membrane cleaning or the membrane fouling control by the use of integrated membrane process associated with MBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Mazzei
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende (Cosenza), Italy.
| | - Abaynesh Yihdego Gebreyohannes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Emmaouil Papaioannou
- Engineering Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, United Kingdom
| | - Suzana P Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center (AMPM), 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group, Division cMACS, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lidietta Giorno
- Institute on Membrane Technology, National Research Council, ITM-CNR, via P. Bucci, 17/C, I-87030 Rende (Cosenza), Italy
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5
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Abstract
Enzymatic biodiesel production has attracted tremendous interest due to its well-recognized advantages. However, high enzyme costs limit the application of enzymatic processes in industrial production. In the past decade, great improvements have been achieved in the lab and the industrial scale, and the production cost of the enzymatic process has been reduced significantly, which has led to it being economically competitive compared to the chemical process. This paper summarizes the progress achieved in enzymatic biodiesel research and commercialization, including reducing enzyme cost, expanding low-quality raw materials, and novel reactor designs. The advantages and disadvantages of different enzymatic processes are also compared.
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Agapay RC, Ju Y, Tran‐Nguyen PL, Ismadji S, Angkawijaya AE, Go AW. Process evaluation of solvent‐free lipase‐catalyzed esterification schemes in the synthesis of structured triglycerides from oleic and palmitic acids. ASIA-PAC J CHEM ENG 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/apj.2606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramelito Casado Agapay
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsu Ju
- Department of Chemical Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Taiwan Building Technology Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | | | - Suryadi Ismadji
- Department of Chemical Engineering Widya Mandala Surabaya Catholic University Surabaya Indonesia
| | - Artik Elisa Angkawijaya
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Alchris Woo Go
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
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Changmai B, Vanlalveni C, Ingle AP, Bhagat R, Rokhum SL. Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:41625-41679. [PMID: 35516564 PMCID: PMC9058015 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07931f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative renewable source of energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an eco-friendly alternative to fossil fuel for being renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable, and carbon-neutral. Although the homogeneous catalyst has its own merits, much attention is currently paid toward the chemical synthesis of heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production as it can be tuned as per specific requirement and easily recovered, thus enhancing reusability. Recently, biomass-derived heterogeneous catalysts have risen to the forefront of biodiesel productions because of their sustainable, economical and eco-friendly nature. Furthermore, nano and bifunctional catalysts have emerged as a powerful catalyst largely due to their high surface area, and potential to convert free fatty acids and triglycerides to biodiesel, respectively. This review highlights the latest synthesis routes of various types of catalysts (including acidic, basic, bifunctional and nanocatalysts) derived from different chemicals, as well as biomass. In addition, the impacts of different methods of preparation of catalysts on the yield of biodiesel are also discussed in details. An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishwajit Changmai
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
| | - Chhangte Vanlalveni
- Department of Botany, Mizoram University, Tanhril, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796001, India
| | - Avinash Prabhakar Ingle
- Department of Biotechnology, Engineering School of Lorena, University of Sao Paulo, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Rahul Bhagat
- Department of Biotechnology, Government Institute of Science, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
| | - Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, 788010, India
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
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8
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Techno-Economic Performance of Different Technological Based Bio-Refineries for Biofuel Production. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12203916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There are different technologies for biodiesel production, each having its benefits and drawbacks depending on the type of feedstock and catalyst used. In this study, the techno-economic performances of four catalyst technologies were investigated. The catalysts were bulk calcium oxide (CaO), enzyme, nano-calcium oxide, and ionic liquid. The study was mainly based on process simulations designed using Aspen Plus and SuperPro software. The quantity and quality of biodiesel and glycerol, as well as the amount of biodiesel per amount of feedstock, were the parameters to evaluate technical performances. The parameters for economic performances were total investment cost, unit production cost, net present value (NPV), internal return rate (IRR), and return over investment (ROI). Technically, all the studied options provided fuel quality biodiesel and high purity glycerol. However, under the assumed market scenario, the process using bulk CaO catalyst was more economically feasible and tolerable to the change in market values of major inputs and outputs. On the contrary, the enzyme catalyst option was very expensive and economically infeasible for all considered ranges of cost of feedstock and product. The result of this study could be used as a basis to do detail estimates for the practical implementation of the efficient process.
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9
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Das A, Chakrabarti K. A cold tolerant lipase develops enhanced activity, thermal tolerance and solvent stability in the presence of calcium nanoparticles: An alternative approach to genetic modulation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Tokuyama H, Naito A, Kato G. Transesterification of triolein with ethanol using lipase-entrapped NIPA- co -PEGMEA gel beads. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Zhao T, Choi N, Kim H, Kim Y, Kim HR, Kim IH. Lipase-Mediated Synthesis of Fatty Acid Esters Using a Blending Alcohol Consisting of Methanol and 1-Butanol. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-017-2967-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Sahoo RK, Kumar M, Sukla LB, Subudhi E. Bioprospecting hot spring metagenome: lipase for the production of biodiesel. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:3802-3809. [PMID: 27896615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Screening of metagenomic library from Taptapani Hot Spring (Odisha) yielded a positive lipase clone (pUC-lip479). Sequence analysis showed an ORF (RK-lip479) of 416 amino acid residues which was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Optimum pH and temperature of purified lipase RK-lip479 were 8.0 and 65 °C, respectively, and found to be stable over a pH range of 7.0-9.0 and temperatures 55-75 °C. RK-lip479 could hydrolyse a wide range of 4-nitrophenyl esters (4-nitrophenyoctanoate, 4-nitrophenyldodecanoate, 4-nitrophenylpalmitate, 4-nitrophenylmyristate and 4-nitrophenylstearate), and maximum activity was observed with 4-nitrophenyldodecanoate. RK-lip479 was resistant to many organic solvents, especially isopropanol, DMSO, methanol, DMF, ethanol, dichloromethane, acetone, glycerol and ethyl acetate. RK-lip479 also showed activity in the presence of monovalent (Na+ and K+), divalent (Mg2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Hg2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Zn2+ and Ag2+ ) and trivalent cations (Fe3+ and Al3+). Yield of biodiesel production was in the range of 40-76% using various waste oils with RK-Lip479 under optimized conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar Sahoo
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mahatma Jyoti Rao Phoole University, Jaipur, 303002, India.
| | - Lala Behari Sukla
- Multi-disciplinary Research Cell, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Khandagiri Square, Bhubaneswar, 751030, India
| | - Enketeswara Subudhi
- Centre of Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
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13
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Das S, Karmakar T, Balasubramanian S. Molecular Mechanism behind Solvent Concentration-Dependent Optimal Activity of Thermomyces lanuginosus Lipase in a Biocompatible Ionic Liquid: Interfacial Activation through Arginine Switch. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:11720-11732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b08534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Das
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Tarak Karmakar
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Sundaram Balasubramanian
- Chemistry and Physics of
Materials Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore 560064, India
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Siebenhaller S, Muhle-Goll C, Luy B, Kirschhöfer F, Brenner-Weiss G, Hiller E, Günther M, Rupp S, Zibek S, Syldatk C. Sustainable enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids in a deep eutectic solvent system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2017.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Kinetic studies on the transesterification of sunflower oil with 1-butanol catalyzed by Rhizomucor miehei lipase in a biphasic aqueous-organic system. Biochem Eng J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Dual bioimprinting of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase for synthesis of biodiesel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:38-43. [PMID: 28352522 PMCID: PMC5040861 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
High activity TLL is made by dually bioimprinting with substrate alcohol and a surfactant. TLL (28 U/g of oil) bioimprinted with only the surfactants could yield 99% biodiesel from soybean oil in about 4 h. Dually bioimprinted TLL (only 1.4 U/g of oil) was able to yield 99% biodiesel within 48 h
Use of biodiesel as an alternative to non-renewable sources of energy has become an attractive option in recent years. The enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel by transesterification of fats/oils with an alcohol is a much more sustainable route than the chemical method. However, cost effectiveness of the enzymatic route is a major barrier in its commercialization. In this work, a high activity biocatalyst design of Thermomyces lanuginosus lipase is made by dually bioimprinting it with substrate and a surfactant (which is believed to open up the lid covering the active site of the lipase) during precipitation of the lipase in organic solvent. When the lipase was bioimprinted with only the surfactants, 28 U of the enzyme/g of oil could yield 99% biodiesel from soybean oil in about 4 h. However, when dually bioimprinted even very low enzyme load 1.4 U/g of oil, yielded 99% biodiesel within 48 h.
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17
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Immobilization of Alcaligenes sp. lipase as catalyst for the transesterification of vegetable oils to produce biodiesel. Catal Today 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2015.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Adewale P, Dumont MJ, Ngadi M. Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis and kinetics of ultrasonic-assisted biodiesel production from waste tallow. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2015; 27:1-9. [PMID: 26186814 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of ultrasonic processing was evaluated for its ability to achieve adequate mixing while providing sufficient activation energy for the enzymatic transesterification of waste tallow. The effects of ultrasonic parameters (amplitude, cycle and pulse) and major reaction factors (molar ratio and enzyme concentration) on the reaction kinetics of biodiesel generation from waste tallow bio-catalyzed by immobilized lipase [Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)] were investigated. Three sets of experiments namely A, B, and C were conducted. In experiment set A, two factors (ultrasonic amplitude and cycle) were investigated at three levels; in experiment set B, two factors (molar ratio and enzyme concentration) were examined at three levels; and in experiment set C, two factors (ultrasonic amplitude and reaction time) were investigated at five levels. A Ping Pong Bi Bi kinetic model approach was employed to study the effect of ultrasonic amplitude on the enzymatic transesterification. Kinetic constants of transesterification reaction were determined at different ultrasonic amplitudes (30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, and 50%) and enzyme concentrations (4, 6, and 8 wt.% of fat) at constant molar ratio (fat:methanol); 1:6, and ultrasonic cycle; 5 Hz. Optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted biodiesel production from waste tallow were fat:methanol molar ratio, 1:4; catalyst level 6% (w/w of fat); reaction time, 20 min (30 times less than conventional batch processes); ultrasonic amplitude 40% at 5 Hz. The kinetic model results revealed interesting features of ultrasound assisted enzyme-catalyzed transesterification (as compared to conventional system): at ultrasonic amplitude 40%, the reaction activities within the system seemed to be steady after 20 min which means the reaction could proceed with or without ultrasonic mixing. Reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography indicated the biodiesel yield to be 85.6±0.08%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Adewale
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Marie-Josée Dumont
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
| | - Michael Ngadi
- Bioresource Engineering Department, McGill University, 21111 Lakeshore Rd., Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada.
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19
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Structural insights into methanol-stable variants of lipase T6 from Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:9449-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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20
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Zhao T, No DS, Kim Y, Kim YS, Kim IH. Novel strategy for lipase-catalyzed synthesis of biodiesel using blended alcohol as an acyl acceptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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22
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Lee AF, Bennett JA, Manayil JC, Wilson K. Heterogeneous catalysis for sustainable biodiesel productionviaesterification and transesterification. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7887-916. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00189c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low temperature catalytic conversion of triglycerides and fatty acids sourced from renewable feedstocks represents a key enabling technology for the sustainable production of biodiesel through energy efficient, intensified processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F. Lee
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - James A. Bennett
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jinesh C. Manayil
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Karen Wilson
- European Bioenergy Research Institute
- Aston University
- Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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23
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Combi-protein coated microcrystals of lipases for production of biodiesel from oil from spent coffee grounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1186/2043-7129-1-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Replacing chemical catalysts with biocatalysts is a widely recognized goal of white biotechnology. For biocatalytic processes requiring low water containing media, enzymes for example commercial preparations of lipases, show low catalytic efficiencies. Some high activity preparations for addressing this concern have been described. Protein coated microcrystals (PCMC) constitute one such preparation. The present work describes a Combi-PCMC for synthesis of biodiesel from the oil extracted from spent coffee grounds.
Results
Different lipases were screened for biodiesel synthesis from crude coffee oil out of which Novozym 435 gave the best conversion of 60% in 4 h. Optimization of reaction conditions i.e. % water, temperature and purification of coffee oil further enhanced conversion upto 88% in 24 h. A mixture of Novozym 435 and a cheap commercially available 1,3-specific lipase RMIM (from Mucor miehei) was used in different ratios and 1:1 was found to be the best trade-off between conversion and cost. The commercial preparations then were replaced by a novel biocatalyst design called Combi-Protein coated microcrystals (Combi-PCMC) wherein CAL B and Palatase were co-immobilized with K2SO4 as the core and this performed equivalent to the commercial preparations giving 83% conversion in 48 h.
Conclusion
Coffee oil extracted from spent coffee grounds could be used for the synthesis of biodiesel by using appropriate commercial preparations of lipases. The expensive commercially immobilized preparations can also be replaced by a simpler and inexpensive immobilization design called combi-PCMC which synergizes the catalytic action of a nonspecific lipase CAL B and a free form of 1,3-specific lipase from Mucor miehei.
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Lipase-catalysed ester synthesis in solvent-free oil system: is it esterification or transesterification? Food Chem 2013; 141:2828-32. [PMID: 23871030 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Ester synthesis was carried out in a solvent-free system of lipase, coconut oil and ethanol or fusel alcohols to ascertain the reaction mechanism. During ester formation, octanoic and decanoic acids increased initially and then decreased gradually, indicating that ester production was a two-step reaction consisting of hydrolysis and esterification, rather than alcoholysis. With ethanol as the alcohol substrate, added butyric acid inhibited ester synthesis. However, when fusel alcohols were used as the alcohol substrate, no significant inhibitory effect by butyric acid was observed. Added octanoic acid did not show any adverse effect on the synthesis of corresponding esters. The results suggest that polarity of the reactants determines lipase activity. This study provides the first evidence on the mechanism of immobilised lipase-catalysed ester synthesis in a solvent-free system involving both hydrolysis and esterification.
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DiCosimo R, McAuliffe J, Poulose AJ, Bohlmann G. Industrial use of immobilized enzymes. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6437-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35506c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 897] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Franssen MCR, Steunenberg P, Scott EL, Zuilhof H, Sanders JPM. Immobilised enzymes in biorenewables production. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:6491-533. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs00004d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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27
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A two-stage enzymatic ethanol-based biodiesel production in a packed bed reactor. J Biotechnol 2012; 162:407-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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He Y, Bagley DM, Leung KT, Liss SN, Liao BQ. Recent advances in membrane technologies for biorefining and bioenergy production. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:817-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lipase supported on mesoporous materials as a catalyst in the synthesis of biodiesel from Persea americana mill oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Xu Y, Nordblad M, Nielsen PM, Brask J, Woodley JM. In situ visualization and effect of glycerol in lipase-catalyzed ethanolysis of rapeseed oil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2011.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ko MJ, Park HJ, Hong SY, Yoo YJ. Continuous biodiesel production using in situ glycerol separation by membrane bioreactor system. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2011; 35:69-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-011-0604-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hama S, Tamalampudi S, Yoshida A, Tamadani N, Kuratani N, Noda H, Fukuda H, Kondo A. Enzymatic packed-bed reactor integrated with glycerol-separating system for solvent-free production of biodiesel fuel. Biochem Eng J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2011.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jeon DJ, Yeom SH. Comparison of methods for preventing methanol inhibition in enzymatic production of biodiesel. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Galynkin VA, Garabadzhiu AV, Enikeev AH, Karasev MM, Kozlov GV. Marine biological resources: An advanced raw material base for biofuel. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050411010053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Charpe TW, Rathod VK. Biodiesel production using waste frying oil. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2011; 31:85-90. [PMID: 20889327 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Waste sunflower frying oil is used in biodiesel production by transesterification using an enzyme as a catalyst in a batch reactor. Various microbial lipases have been used in transesterification reaction to select an optimum lipase. The effects of various parameters such as temperature, methanol:oil ratio, enzyme concentration and solvent on the conversion of methyl ester have been studied. The Pseudomonas fluorescens enzyme yielded the highest conversion. Using the P. fluorescens enzyme, the optimum conditions included a temperature of 45 °C, an enzyme concentration of 5% and a methanol:oil molar ratio 3:1. To avoid an inhibitory effect, the addition of methanol was performed in three stages. The conversion obtained after 24h of reaction increased from 55.8% to 63.84% because of the stage-wise addition of methanol. The addition of a non-polar solvent result in a higher conversion compared to polar solvents. Transesterification of waste sunflower frying oil under the optimum conditions and single-stage methanol addition was compared to the refined sunflower oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trupti W Charpe
- Chemical Engineering Department, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400 019, India
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Tongboriboon K, Cheirsilp B, H-Kittikun A. Mixed lipases for efficient enzymatic synthesis of biodiesel from used palm oil and ethanol in a solvent-free system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ruzich NI, Bassi AS. Proposed kinetic mechanism of biodiesel production through lipase catalysed interesterification with a methyl acetate acyl acceptor and ionic liquid [BMIM][PF6] co-solvent. CAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Bisen PS, Sanodiya BS, Thakur GS, Baghel RK, Prasad GBKS. Biodiesel production with special emphasis on lipase-catalyzed transesterification. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1019-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0275-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Evaluation of diatomaceous earth as a support for sol–gel immobilized lipase for transesterification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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41
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Ruzich NI, Bassi AS. Investigation of enzymatic biodiesel production using ionic liquid as a co-solvent. CAN J CHEM ENG 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bajaj A, Lohan P, Jha PN, Mehrotra R. Biodiesel production through lipase catalyzed transesterification: An overview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2009.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 366] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Coggon R, Vasudevan PT, Sanchez F. Enzymatic transesterification of olive oil and its precursors. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/10242420701379163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robles-Medina A, González-Moreno P, Esteban-Cerdán L, Molina-Grima E. Biocatalysis: Towards ever greener biodiesel production. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:398-408. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fjerbaek L, Christensen KV, Norddahl B. A review of the current state of biodiesel production using enzymatic transesterification. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1298-315. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 550] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Jegannathan KR, Abang S, Poncelet D, Chan ES, Ravindra P. Production of biodiesel using immobilized lipase--a critical review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2009; 28:253-64. [PMID: 19051104 DOI: 10.1080/07388550802428392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Increase in volume of biodiesel production in the world scenario proves that biodiesel is accepted as an alternative to conventional fuel. Production of biodiesel using alkaline catalyst has been commercially implemented due to its high conversion and low production time. For the product and process development of biodiesel, enzymatic transesterification has been suggested to produce a high purity product with an economic, environment friendly process at mild reaction conditions. The enzyme cost being the main hurdle can be overcome by immobilization. Immobilized enzyme, which has been successfully used in various fields over the soluble counterpart, could be employed in biodiesel production with the aim of reducing the production cost by reusing the enzyme. This review attempts to provide an updated compilation of the studies reported on biodiesel production by using lipase immobilized through various techniques and the parameters, which affect their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenthorai Raman Jegannathan
- Centre of Materials and Minerals, School of Engineering and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
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Kumari A, Mahapatra P, Garlapati VK, Banerjee R. Enzymatic transesterification of Jatropha oil. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2009; 2:1. [PMID: 19144158 PMCID: PMC2639572 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transesterification of Jatropha oil was carried out in t-butanol solvent using immobilized lipase from Enterobacter aerogenes. The presence of t-butanol significantly reduced the negative effects caused by both methanol and glycerol. The effects of various reaction parameters on transesterification of Jatropha oil were studied. RESULTS The maximum yield of biodiesel was 94% (of which 68% conversion was achieved with respect to methyl oleate) with an oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:4, 50 U of immobilized lipase/g of oil, and a t-butanol:oil volume ratio of 0.8:1 at 55 degrees C after 48 h of reaction time. There was negligible loss in lipase activity even after repeated use for seven cycles. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on biodiesel synthesis using immobilized E. aerogenes lipase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Kumari
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Paramita Mahapatra
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Garlapati
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
| | - Rintu Banerjee
- Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal 721302, India
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Zheng Y, Chen X, Shen Y. Commodity Chemicals Derived from Glycerol, an Important Biorefinery Feedstock. Chem Rev 2008; 108:5253-77. [DOI: 10.1021/cr068216s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuguo Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
| | - Yinchu Shen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, Peopleʼs Republic of China
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Enzymatic Synthesis of Biodiesel from Transesterification Reactions of Vegetable Oils and Short Chain Alcohols. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-008-1284-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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50
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Mu Y, Xiu ZL, Zhang DJ. A combined bioprocess of biodiesel production by lipase with microbial production of 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biochem Eng J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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