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Ravn JL, Manfrão-Netto JHC, Schaubeder JB, Torello Pianale L, Spirk S, Ciklic IF, Geijer C. Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae for targeted hydrolysis and fermentation of glucuronoxylan through CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing. Microb Cell Fact 2024; 23:85. [PMID: 38493086 PMCID: PMC10943827 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-024-02361-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abundance of glucuronoxylan (GX) in agricultural and forestry residual side streams positions it as a promising feedstock for microbial conversion into valuable compounds. By engineering strains of the widely employed cell factory Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the ability to directly hydrolyze and ferment GX polymers, we can avoid the need for harsh chemical pretreatments and costly enzymatic hydrolysis steps prior to fermentation. However, for an economically viable bioproduction process, the engineered strains must efficiently express and secrete enzymes that act in synergy to hydrolyze the targeted polymers. RESULTS The aim of this study was to equip the xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain CEN.PK XXX with xylanolytic enzymes targeting beechwood GX. Using a targeted enzyme approach, we matched hydrolytic enzyme activities to the chemical features of the GX substrate and determined that besides endo-1,4-β-xylanase and β-xylosidase activities, α-methyl-glucuronidase activity was of great importance for GX hydrolysis and yeast growth. We also created a library of strains expressing different combinations of enzymes, and screened for yeast strains that could express and secrete the enzymes and metabolize the GX hydrolysis products efficiently. While strains engineered with BmXyn11A xylanase and XylA β-xylosidase could grow relatively well in beechwood GX, strains further engineered with Agu115 α-methyl-glucuronidase did not display an additional growth benefit, likely due to inefficient expression and secretion of this enzyme. Co-cultures of strains expressing complementary enzymes as well as external enzyme supplementation boosted yeast growth and ethanol fermentation of GX, and ethanol titers reached a maximum of 1.33 g L- 1 after 48 h under oxygen limited condition in bioreactor fermentations. CONCLUSION This work underscored the importance of identifying an optimal enzyme combination for successful engineering of S. cerevisiae strains that can hydrolyze and assimilate GX. The enzymes must exhibit high and balanced activities, be compatible with the yeast's expression and secretion system, and the nature of the hydrolysis products must be such that they can be taken up and metabolized by the yeast. The engineered strains, particularly when co-cultivated, display robust growth and fermentation of GX, and represent a significant step forward towards a sustainable and cost-effective bioprocessing of GX-rich biomass. They also provide valuable insights for future strain and process development targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas L Ravn
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden.
| | - João H C Manfrão-Netto
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
- Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR), Campinas, 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Jana B Schaubeder
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Luca Torello Pianale
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
| | - Stefan Spirk
- Institute of Bioproducts and Paper Technology (BPTI), Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 23, Graz, 8010, Austria
| | - Iván F Ciklic
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden
- Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Mendoza, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), 5507 Luján de Cuyo, San Martín, Mendoza, 3853, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Geijer
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, 412 96, Sweden.
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Ying W, YaPing W, Can H, Lixin M, Hong Y, Yong M, Xiaoyan L, Ben R. High-level extracellular production and immobilisation of methyl parathion hydrolase from Plesiomonas sp. M6 expressed in Pichia pastoris. Protein Expr Purif 2021; 183:105859. [PMID: 33647399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2021.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Methyl parathion hydrolase (MPH) hydrolyses methyl parathion efficiently and specifically. Herein, we produced MPH from Plesiomonas sp. M6 using a Pichia pastoris multi-copy expression system. The original signal peptide sequence of the target gene was removed, and a modified coding sequence was synthesised. Multi-copy expression plasmids containing MPH were constructed using pHBM905BDM, and used to generate recombinant strains containing 1, 2, 3 or 4 copies of the MPH gene. The results showed that a higher target gene copy number increased the production of recombinant MPH (MPH-R), as anticipated. The expression level of the recombinant strain containing four copies of the MPH gene was increased to 1.9 U/ml using 500 ml shake flasks, and the specific activity was 15.8 U/mg. High-density fermentation further increased the target protein yield to 18.4 U/ml. Several metal ions were tested as additives, and Ni2+, Co2+ and Mg2+ at a concentration of 1 mM enhanced MPH-R activity by 196%, 201% and 154%, respectively. Enzyme immobilisation was then applied to overcome the difficulties in recovery, recycling and long-term stability associated with the free enzyme. Immobilised MPH-R exhibited significantly enhanced thermal and long-term stability, as well as broad pH adaptability. In the presence of inhibitors and chelating agents such as sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), immobilised MPH-R displayed 2-fold higher activity than free MPH-R, demonstrating its potential for industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Ying
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme, Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Biology Faculty of Hubei University, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang YaPing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme, Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Biology Faculty of Hubei University, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Can
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme, Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Biology Faculty of Hubei University, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ma Lixin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme, Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Biology Faculty of Hubei University, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme, Engineering Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Biology Faculty of Hubei University, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yong
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Xiaoyan
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rao Ben
- National Biopesticide Engineering Technology Research Center, Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Center, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Biopesticide Branch of Hubei Innovation Centre of Agricultural Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Mel’kina OE, Sineoky SP. Prospects for the Use of Methylotrophic Yeast in the Creation of Industrial Producers of Feed Enzymes. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683820080050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Enjalbert T, De La Mare M, Roblin P, Badruna L, Vernet T, Dumon C, Montanier CY. Characterisation of the Effect of the Spatial Organisation of Hemicellulases on the Hydrolysis of Plant Biomass Polymer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124360. [PMID: 32575393 PMCID: PMC7353053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Synergism between enzymes is of crucial importance in cell metabolism. This synergism occurs often through a spatial organisation favouring proximity and substrate channelling. In this context, we developed a strategy for evaluating the impact of the geometry between two enzymes involved in nature in the recycling of the carbon derived from plant cell wall polymers. By using an innovative covalent association process using two protein fragments, Jo and In, we produced two bi-modular chimeric complexes connecting a xylanase and a xylosidase, involved in the deconstruction of xylose-based plant cell wall polymer. We first show that the intrinsic activity of the individual enzymes was preserved. Small Angle X-rays Scattering (SAXS) analysis of the complexes highlighted two different spatial organisations in solution, affecting both the distance between the enzymes (53 Å and 28 Å) and the distance between the catalytic pockets (94 Å and 75 Å). Reducing sugar and HPAEC-PAD analysis revealed different behaviour regarding the hydrolysis of Beechwood xylan. After 24 h of hydrolysis, one complex was able to release a higher amount of reducing sugar compare to the free enzymes (i.e., 15,640 and 14,549 µM of equivalent xylose, respectively). However, more interestingly, the two complexes were able to release variable percentages of xylooligosaccharides compared to the free enzymes. The structure of the complexes revealed some putative steric hindrance, which impacted both enzymatic efficiency and the product profile. This report shows that controlling the spatial geometry between two enzymes would help to better investigate synergism effect within complex multi-enzymatic machinery and control the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Enjalbert
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Marion De La Mare
- Toulouse White Biotechnology, UMS INRA 1337, UMS CNRS 3582, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Toulouse, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Pierre Roblin
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France;
| | - Louise Badruna
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Thierry Vernet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Univ., Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IBS, F-38000 Grenoble, France;
| | - Claire Dumon
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Cédric Y. Montanier
- Toulouse Biotechnology Institute (TBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, 31077 Toulouse, France; (T.E.); (L.B.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)5-61-55-97-13
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Zhang F, He H, Deng T, Ge H, Yu C, Feng L, Huang F, Yi L. N-Terminal Fused Signal Peptide Prompted Extracellular Production of a Bacillus-Derived Alkaline and Thermo Stable Xylanase in E. coli Through Cell Autolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 192:339-352. [PMID: 32382941 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Xylanases are extensively used as industrial enzymes for its ability of hydrolyzing xylan to oligosaccharides. Here, XynHB, a thermo and alkaline stable xylanase derived from Bacillus pumilus HBP8, was extracellularly produced in E. coli cells through N-terminal-fused signal peptides. We found that the matured XynHB itself could be auto-secreted out of E. coli BL21(DE3) cells at a very low level, and two Sec-pathway signal peptides, PelB and OmpA, and one dual Sec-Tat-pathway signal peptide, FhuD, could effectively prompt its extracellular production up to 12-fold. Our results showed that PelB signal peptide led to the highest extracellular production of XynHB for approximately 54.1 μg/mL, and FhuD-fused XynHB possessed the highest specific activity of 1746.0 U/mg at 70 °C. Meanwhile, our studies also indicated that PelB- and FhuD-fused XynHB might disrupt E. coli cells' periplasm during their secretion process, thus causing cell lysis to facilitate their extracellular production. Moreover, further characterization revealed that the extracellular production of XynHB was not affected by the outer membrane permeability of E. coli cells. Our studies provided an advantageous strategy for the extracellular production of xylanase in E. coli, which may also be used for E. coli autolysis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Huahua He
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Haoran Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Chan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Feng
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Li Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Bio-enzyme Catalysis, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, NO. 368 Youyi Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, Hubei, China.
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Expression of Bacillus licheniformis α-amylase in Pichia pastoris without antibiotics-resistant gene and effects of glycosylation on the enzymic thermostability. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:427. [PMID: 31696032 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1943-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermostable α-amylases are widely used in industry. The α-amylase from Bacillus licheniformis (BLA) with six potential glycosylation sites possessed excellent thermal and pH stability and high activity. Here, it was expressed in Pichia pastoris. The Pic-BLA-producing yeast without any antibiotics-resistant gene was cultivated in flasks and the amylase activity in fermentation supernatant reached 900 U/mL. The recombinant α-amylase Pic-BLA produced in P. pastoris was deeply glycosylated with 30% increase in molecular mass (MM). The deglycosylation treatment by Endoglycosidase H (Endo H) reduced the MM of Pic-BLA. Thermostability analysis showed that Pic-BLA and deglycosylated Pic-BLA were similar in heat tolerance. In order to eliminate the extra impact of Endo H, the BLA was also expressed in Escherichia coli to get non-glycosylated Eco-BLA. A comparative study between non-glycosylated Eco-BLA and glycosylated Pic-BLA showed no obvious difference in thermostability. It is speculated that the glycosylation has little effect on the thermostability of α-amylase BLA.
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Xiang L, Lu Y, Wang H, Wang M, Zhang G. Improving the specific activity and pH stability of xylanase XynHBN188A by directed evolution. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-019-0262-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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High copy and stable expression of the xylanase XynHB in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by rDNA-mediated integration. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8747. [PMID: 28821784 PMCID: PMC5562786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08647-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Xylanase is a widely-used additive in baking industry for enhancing dough and bread quality. Several xylanases used in baking industry were expressed in different systems, but their expression in antibiotic free vector system is highly essential and safe. In the present study, an alternative rDNA-mediated technology was developed to increase the copy number of target gene by integrating it into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. A xylanase-encoding gene xynHB from Bacillus sp. was cloned into pHBM367H and integrated into S. cerevisiae genome through rDNA-mediated recombination. Exogenous XynHB expressed by recombinant S. cerevisiae strain A13 exhibited higher degradation activity towards xylan than other transformants. The real-time PCR analysis on A13 genome revealed the presence of 13.64 copies of xynHB gene. Though no antibiotics have been used, the genetic stability and the xylanase activity of xynHB remained stable up to 1,011 generations of cultivation. S. cerevisiae strain A13 expressing xylanase reduced the required kneading time and increased the height and diameter of the dough size, which would be safe and effective in baking industry as no antibiotics-resistance risk. The new effective rDNA-mediated technology without using antibiotics here provides a way to clone other food related industrial enzymes for applications.
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Ma X, Liu L, Li Q, Liu Y, Yi L, Ma L, Zhai C. High-level expression of a bacterial laccase, CueO from Escherichia coli K12 in Pichia pastoris GS115 and its application on the decolorization of synthetic dyes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2017; 103:34-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lu Y, Fang C, Wang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang G, Ma Y. High-level expression of improved thermo-stable alkaline xylanase variant in Pichia Pastoris through codon optimization, multiple gene insertion and high-density fermentation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37869. [PMID: 27897254 PMCID: PMC5126662 DOI: 10.1038/srep37869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In paper industry, xylanases are used to increase the pulp properties in bleaching process as its eco-friendly nature. The xylanases activity is hindered by high temperature and alkaline conditions with high enzyme production cost in the paper industry. Here, XynHB, an alkaline stable xylanase from Bacillus pumilus HBP8 was mutated at N188A to XynHBN188A. Expressed mutant in E. coli showed 1.5-fold higher xylanase activity than XynHB at 60 °C. The mutant expressed in Pichia pastoris was glycosylated, remained stable for 30 min at 60 °C. XynHBN188A optimized based on codon usage bias for P. pastoris (xynHBN188As) showed an increase of 39.5% enzyme activity. The strain Y16 forming the largest hydrolysis halo in the xylan plate was used in shake flask experiments produced an enzyme activity of 6,403 U/ml. The Y16 strain had 9 copies of the recombinant xynHBN188As gene in the genome revealed by qPCR. The enzymatic activity increased to 48,241 U/ml in a 5 L fermentor. Supplement of 15 U/g xylanase enhanced the brightness of paper products by 2% in bleaching experiment, and thereby improved the tensile strength and burst factor by 13% and 6.5%, respectively. XynHBN188As has a great potential in paper industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihong Lu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, The College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Cheng Fang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, The College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Qinhong Wang
- Tianjin institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, The College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, The College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yanhe Ma
- Tianjin institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Ergün BG, Çalık P. Lignocellulose degrading extremozymes produced by Pichia pastoris: current status and future prospects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:1-36. [PMID: 26497303 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-015-1476-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this review article, extremophilic lignocellulosic enzymes with special interest on xylanases, β-mannanases, laccases and finally cellulases, namely, endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases produced by Pichia pastoris are reviewed for the first time. Recombinant lignocellulosic extremozymes are discussed from the perspectives of their potential application areas; characteristics of recombinant and native enzymes; the effects of P. pastoris expression system on recombinant extremozymes; and their expression levels and applied strategies to increase the enzyme expression yield. Further, effects of enzyme domains on activity and stability, protein engineering via molecular dynamics simulation and computational prediction, and site-directed mutagenesis and amino acid modifications done are also focused. Superior enzyme characteristics and improved stability due to the proper post-translational modifications and better protein folding performed by P. pastoris make this host favourable for extremozyme production. Especially, glycosylation contributes to the structure, function and stability of enzymes, as generally glycosylated enzymes produced by P. pastoris exhibit better thermostability than non-glycosylated enzymes. However, there has been limited study on enzyme engineering to improve catalytic efficiency and stability of lignocellulosic enzymes. Thus, in the future, studies should focus on protein engineering to improve stability and catalytic efficiency via computational modelling, mutations, domain replacements and fusion enzyme technology. Also metagenomic data need to be used more extensively to produce novel enzymes with extreme characteristics and stability.
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Ma X, Liu Y, Li Q, Liu L, Yi L, Ma L, Zhai C. Expression, purification and identification of a thermolysin-like protease, neutral protease I, from Aspergillus oryzae with the Pichia pastoris expression system. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 128:52-9. [PMID: 27539551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Neutral proteases are widely used in the textile, food and medical industries. This study was designed to obtain high expression levels of neutral protease I from Aspergillus oryzae 3.042 by using Pichia pastoris GS115 as the host strain for industrial purposes. The coding sequence of the target gene was modified, synthesized, and then cloned into the expression vector pHBM905BDM, which harbored the d1+2 × 201 AOX1 promoter and the MF4I leader sequence. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into Pichia pastoris GS115. The recombinant strain was used for high-density fermentation in a 4-L fermenter. The yield of the target protein reached 12.87 mg/mL, and the enzyme activity was approximately 49370 U/mL, which indicated that this enzyme was expressed in Pichia pastoris at a high level. The target protein was purified and characterized. Its optimum temperature and pH were 55 °C and 8.0, respectively. This enzyme was extremely sensitive to EDTA, which is consistent with the previous reports that it is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease. Our results indicated that low concentrations of zinc, calcium and magnesium ions stimulated the enzyme activity, whereas high concentrations inhibited its activity. In addition, calcium and magnesium ions increased the thermostability of the enzyme. All of the evidence indicated that this protease is a thermolysin-like peptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingqing Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lu Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Zhai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Wu Y, Li J, Wang Y, Li X, Li Y, Zhu L, Li J, Wu G. Development and application of a general plasmid reference material for GMO screening. Plasmid 2016; 87-88:28-36. [PMID: 27497661 DOI: 10.1016/j.plasmid.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of analytical controls is essential when performing GMO detection through screening tests. Additionally, the presence of taxon-specific sequences is analyzed mostly for quality control during GMO detection. In this study, 11 commonly used genetic elements involving three promoters (P-35S, P-FMV35S and P-NOS), four marker genes (Bar, NPTII, HPT and Pmi), and four terminators (T-NOS, T-35S, T-g7 and T-e9), together with the reference gene fragments from six major crops of maize, soybean, rapeseed, rice, cotton and wheat, were co-integrated into the same single plasmid to construct a general reference plasmid pBI121-Screening. The suitability test of pBI121-Screening plasmid as reference material indicated that the non-target sequence on the pBI121-Screening plasmid did not affect the PCR amplification efficiencies of screening methods and taxon-specific methods. The sensitivity of screening and taxon-specific assays ranged from 5 to 10 copies of pBI121-Screening plasmid, meeting the sensitivity requirement of GMO detection. The construction of pBI121-Screening solves the lack of a general positive control for screening tests, thereby reducing the workload and cost of preparing a plurality of the positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yulei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yunjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Oil Crop Biology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China; Supervision and Test Center (Wuhan) for Environmental Safety of Genetically Modified Plants, Ministry of Agriculture, No. 2 Xudong 2nd Road, Wuhan 430062, China.
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Yang H, Zhai C, Yu X, Li Z, Tang W, Liu Y, Ma X, Zhong X, Li G, Wu D, Ma L. High-level expression of Proteinase K from Tritirachium album Limber in Pichia pastoris using multi-copy expression strains. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 122:38-44. [PMID: 26892536 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proteinase K is widely used in scientific research and industries. This report was aimed to achieve high-level expression of proteinase K using Pichia pastoris GS115 as the host strain. The coding sequence of a variant of proteinase K that has higher activity than the wild type protein was chosen and optimized based on the codon usage preference of P. pastoris. The novel open reading frame was synthesized and a series of multi-copy expression vectors were constructed based on the pHBM905BDM plasmid, allowing for the tandem integration of multiple copies of the target gene into the genome of P. pastoris with a single recombination. These strains were used to study the correlation between the gene copy number and the expression level of proteinase K. The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that the tandem expression cassettes were integrated into the host genome stably. Meanwhile, the results of qPCR and enzyme activity assays indicated that the mRNA and protein expression levels of the target gene increased as the gene copy number increased. Moreover, the effect of gene dosage on the expression level of the recombinant protein was more obvious using high-density fermentation. The maximum expression level and enzyme activity of proteinase K, which were obtained from the recombinant yeast strain bearing 5 copies of the target gene after an 84-h induction, were approximately 8.069 mg/mL and 108,295 U/mL, respectively. The recombinant proteinase was purified and characterized. The optimum pH and temperature for the activity of this protease were approximately pH 11 and 55 °C, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Yang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Zhai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianhong Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China; Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhezhe Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhixing College of Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolong Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Liu J, Yu X, Wang F, Yi L, Li Z, Liu Y, Ma L. High-level expression of human arginase I in Pichia pastoris and its immobilization on chitosan to produce L-ornithine. BMC Biotechnol 2015; 15:66. [PMID: 26227111 PMCID: PMC4521451 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-015-0184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND L-ornithine (L-Orn), is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle that plays a significant role in humans. L-Orn can be obtained from the catalysis of L-arginine (L-Arg) by arginase. The Pichia pastoris expression system offers the possibility of generating a large amount of recombinant protein. The immobilized enzyme technology can overcome the difficulties in recovery, recycling and long-term stability that result from the use of free enzyme. METHODS The recombinant human arginase I (ARG I) was obtained using an optimized method with the Pichia pastoris GS115 as the host strain. Chitosan paticles were cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and rinsed exhaustively. Then the expressed ARG I was immobilized on the crosslinked chitosan particles, and the enzymatic properties of both the free and immobilized enzymes were evaluated. At last, the immobilized ARG I was employed to catalyze L-Arg to L-Orn. RESULTS The results indicated that these two states both exhibited optimal activity under the same condition of pH10 at 40 °C. However, the immobilized ARG I exhibited the remarkable thermal and long-term stability as well as broad adaptability to pH, suggesting its potential for wide application in future industry. After a careful analysis of its catalytic conditions, immobilized ARG I was employed to catalyze the conversion of L-Arg to L-Orn under optimal condition of 1 % glutaraldehyde, 1 mM Mn(2+), 40 °C, pH10 and an L-arginine (L-Arg) concentration of 200 g/L, achieving a highly converted content of 149.g/L L-Orn. CONCLUSIONS In this work, ARG Ι was abundantly expressed, and an efficient, facile and repeatable method was developed to synthesize high-quality L-Orn. This method not only solved the problem of obtaining a large amount of arginase, but also provided a promising alternative for the future industrial production of L-Orn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianhong Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Yi
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhezhe Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yunyun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
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Wang F, Li S, Zhao H, Bian L, Chen L, Zhang Z, Zhong X, Ma L, Yu X. Expression and Characterization of the RKOD DNA Polymerase in Pichia pastoris. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131757. [PMID: 26134129 PMCID: PMC4489709 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study assessed high-level expression of the KOD DNA polymerase in Pichia pastoris. Thermococcus kodakaraensis KOD1 is a DNA polymerase that is widely used in PCR. The DNA coding sequence of KOD was optimized based on the codon usage bias of P. pastoris and synthesized by overlapping PCR, and the nonspecific DNA-binding protein Sso7d from the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus was fused to the C-terminus of KOD. The resulting novel gene was cloned into a pHBM905A vector and introduced into P. pastoris GS115 for secretory expression. The yield of the target protein reached approximately 250 mg/l after a 6-d induction with 1% (v/v) methanol in shake flasks. This yield is much higher than those of other DNA polymerases expressed heterologously in Escherichia coli. The recombinant enzyme was purified, and its enzymatic features were studied. Its specific activity was 19,384 U/mg. The recombinant KOD expressed in P. pastoris exhibited excellent thermostability, extension rate and fidelity. Thus, this report provides a simple, efficient and economic approach to realize the production of a high-performance thermostable DNA polymerase on a large scale. This is the first report of the expression in yeast of a DNA polymerase for use in PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuntang Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lu Bian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Chen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Zhong
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhixing College of HuBei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LM); (XY)
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LM); (XY)
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Shu M, Shen W, Wang X, Wang F, Ma L, Zhai C. Expression, activation and characterization of porcine trypsin in Pichia pastoris GS115. Protein Expr Purif 2015; 114:149-55. [PMID: 26118809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Trypsin is a typical member of serine protease families, specifically cleaving the carboxyl group of peptides at the basic amino acids arginine and lysine. The gene fragment of porcine trypsin with its propeptide coding sequence was optimized and synthesized according to the codon usage bias of Pichia pastoris. The optimized sequence was integrated into the genome of P. pastoris GS115 using the vector pHBM905A. The yield of the recombinant protein was 0.48mg/ml with a maximum activity of 19.2U/ml after 96-h induction in a 5-l fermenter. An optimum activity for the recombinant trypsin was observed at 35°C and pH 8.5. This is the first time to express the porcine trypsinogen with P. pastoris expression system. This report also found that the propeptide was cleaved from the recombinant protein and the enzymogen was transferred into trypsin at the later phase of the fed-batch cultivation. In particular, the activation process can be initiated by changing pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Ma
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Zhai
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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Zhan FX, Wang QH, Jiang SJ, Zhou YL, Zhang GM, Ma YH. Developing a xylanase XYNZG from Plectosphaerella cucumerina for baking by heterologously expressed in Kluyveromyces lactis. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:107. [PMID: 25511290 PMCID: PMC4297440 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-014-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Xylanase can replace chemical additives to improve the volume and sensory properties of bread in the baking. Suitable baking xylanase with improved yield will promote the application of xylanase in baking industry. The xylanase XYNZG from the Plectosphaerella cucumerina has been previously characterized by heterologous expression in Pichia pastoris. However, P. pastoris is not a suitable host for xylanase to be used in the baking process since P. pastoris does not have GRAS (Generally Regarded As Safe) status and requires large methanol supplement during the fermentation in most conditions, which is not allowed to be used in the food industry. Kluyveromyces lactis, as another yeast expression host, has a GRAS status, which has been successfully used in food and feed applications. No previous work has been reported concerning the heterologous expression of xylanase gene xynZG in K. lactis with an aim for application in baking. Results The xylanase gene xynZG from the P. cucumerina was heterologously expressed in K. lactis. The recombinant protein XYNZG in K. lactis presented an approximately 19 kDa band on SDS-PAGE and zymograms analysis. Transformant with the highest halo on the plate containing the RBB-xylan (Remazol Brilliant Blue-xylan) was selected for the flask fermentation in different media. The results indicated that the highest activity of 115 U/ml at 72 h was obtained with the YLPU medium. The mass spectrometry analysis suggested that the hydrolytic products of xylan by XYNZG were mainly xylobiose and xylotriose. The results of baking trials indicated that the addition of XYNZG could reduce the kneading time of dough, increase the volume of bread, improve the texture, and have more positive effects on the sensory properties of bread. Conclusions Xylanase XYNZG is successfully expressed in K. lactis, which exhibits the highest activity among the published reports of the xylanase expression in K. lactis. The recombinant XYNZG can be used to improve the volume and sensory properties of bread. Therefore, the expression yield of recombinant XYNZG can be further improved through engineered strain containing high copy numbers of the XYNZG, and optimized fermentation condition, making bread-baking application possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiang Zhan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin Hong Wang
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China.
| | - Si Jing Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Ling Zhou
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gui Min Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Science, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan He Ma
- Tianjin Institutes of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Science, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Yu X, Zhai C, Zhong X, Tang W, Wang X, Yang H, Chen W, Ma L. High-level expression and characterization of carboxypeptidase Y from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Pichia pastoris GS115. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 37:161-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1667-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Zhang C, Yao J, Zhou C, Mao L, Zhang G, Ma Y. The alkaline pectate lyase PEL168 of Bacillus subtilis heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris is more stable and efficient for degumming ramie fiber. BMC Biotechnol 2013; 13:26. [PMID: 23510095 PMCID: PMC3620942 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-13-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The conventional degumming process of ramie with alkaline treatment at high temperature causes severe environmental pollution. Pectate lyases can be used to remove pectin from ramie in a degumming process with reduced environmental pollution and energy consumption. Pectate lyase PEL168 from Bacillus subtilis has been previously characterized and the protein structure was resolved. However, Bacillus is not a suitable host for pectate lyases during the degumming process since most Bacillus produce cellulases endogenously with a detrimental effect to the fiber. Pichia pastoris, which does not express endogenous cellulases and has high secretion capability, will be an ideal host for the expression. No previous work was reported concerning the heterologous expression of pectate lyase PEL168 in P. pastoris with an aim for industrial application in ramie bio-degumming. Results The gene pel168 was expressed in P. pastoris in this study. The recombinant protein PEL168 in P. pastoris (PEL168P) showed two bands of 48.6 kDa and 51.4 kDa on SDS-PAGE whereas the enzyme expressed in E. coli (PEL168E) was the same as predicted with a band of 46 kDa. Deglycosylation digestion suggested that PEL168P was glycosylated. The optimum reaction temperature of the two PEL168s was 50°C, and the optimum pH 9.5. After preincubation at 60°C for 20 min, PEL168E completely lost its activity, whereas PEL168P kept 26% of the residual activity. PEL168P had a specific activity of 1320 U/mg with a Km of 0.09 mg/ml and a Vmax of 18.13 μmol/min. K+, Li+, Ni2+ and Sr2+ showed little or no inhibitory effect on PEL168P activity, and Ca2+ enhanced enzyme activity by 38%. PEL168P can remove the pectin from ramie effectively in a degumming process. A 1.5 fold increase of PEL168 enzyme expression in P. pastoris was achieved by further codon optimization. Conclusions Pectate lyase PEL168 with an available protein structure can be heterologously expressed in P. pastoris. The characterized recombinant PEL168P can be used to remove pectin from ramie efficiently and the expression level of PEL168 in P. pastoris was increased markedly by codon optimization. Therefore, PEL168 is an ideal candidate for further optimization and engineering for bio-degumming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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Recombinant expression of chitosanase from Bacillus subtilis HD145 in Pichia pastoris. Carbohydr Res 2012; 352:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cloning, purification and characterization of an alkali-stable endoxylanase from thermophilic Geobacillus sp. 71. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 28:1981-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-1000-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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High-level expression and characterization of a highly thermostable chitosanase from Aspergillus fumigatus in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol Lett 2011; 34:689-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-011-0816-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mao L, Meng P, Zhou C, Ma L, Zhang G, Ma Y. Molecular cloning and heterologous expression of an acid stable xylanase gene from Alternaria sp. HB186. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:777-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Zhang G, Li S, Xue Y, Mao L, Ma Y. Effects of salts on activity of halophilic cellulase with glucomannanase activity isolated from alkaliphilic and halophilic Bacillus sp. BG-CS10. Extremophiles 2011; 16:35-43. [PMID: 22012583 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-011-0403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaliphilic and halophilic Bacillus sp. BG-CS10 was isolated from Zabuye Salt Lake, Tibet. The gene celB, encoding a halophilic cellulase was identified from the genomic library of BG-CS10. CelB belongs to the cellulase superfamily and DUF291 superfamily, with an unknown function domain and less than 58% identity to other cellulases in GenBank. The purified recombinant protein (molecular weight: 62 kDa) can hydrolyze soluble cellulose substrates containing beta-1,4-linkages, such as carboxylmethyl cellulose and konjac glucomannan, but has no exoglucanase and β-glucosidase activities. Thus, CelB is a cellulase with an endo mode of action and glucomannanase activity. Interestingly, the enzyme activity was increased approximately tenfold with 2.5 M NaCl or 3 M KCl. Furthermore, the optimal temperatures were 55°C with 2.5 M NaCl and 35°C without NaCl, respectively. This indicates that NaCl can improve enzyme thermostability. The K ( m ) and k (cat) values of CelB for CMC with 2.5 M NaCl were 3.18 mg mL(-1) and 26 s(-1), while the K ( m ) and k (cat) values of CelB without NaCl were 6.6 mg mL(-1) and 2.1 s(-1). Thus, this thermo-stable, salt and pH-tolerant cellulase is a promising candidate for industrial applications, and provides a new model to study salt effects on the structure of protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Paës G, Berrin JG, Beaugrand J. GH11 xylanases: Structure/function/properties relationships and applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 30:564-92. [PMID: 22067746 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For technical, environmental and economical reasons, industrial demands for process-fitted enzymes have evolved drastically in the last decade. Therefore, continuous efforts are made in order to get insights into enzyme structure/function relationships to create improved biocatalysts. Xylanases are hemicellulolytic enzymes, which are responsible for the degradation of the heteroxylans constituting the lignocellulosic plant cell wall. Due to their variety, xylanases have been classified in glycoside hydrolase families GH5, GH8, GH10, GH11, GH30 and GH43 in the CAZy database. In this review, we focus on GH11 family, which is one of the best characterized GH families with bacterial and fungal members considered as true xylanases compared to the other families because of their high substrate specificity. Based on an exhaustive analysis of the sequences and 3D structures available so far, in relation with biochemical properties, we assess biochemical aspects of GH11 xylanases: structure, catalytic machinery, focus on their "thumb" loop of major importance in catalytic efficiency and substrate selectivity, inhibition, stability to pH and temperature. GH11 xylanases have for a long time been used as biotechnological tools in various industrial applications and represent in addition promising candidates for future other uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Paës
- INRA, UMR614 FARE, 2 esplanade Roland-Garros, F-51686 Reims, France.
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Characterization of a thermostable xylanase from an alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Biotechnol Lett 2010; 32:1915-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s10529-010-0372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2010] [Accepted: 07/28/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rao B, Zhong X, Wang Y, Wu Q, Jiang Z, Ma L. Efficient vectors for expression cloning of large numbers of PCR fragments inP. pastoris. Yeast 2010; 27:285-92. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Hu Y, Zhang G, Li A, Chen J, Ma L. Cloning and enzymatic characterization of a xylanase gene from a soil-derived metagenomic library with an efficient approach. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:823-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2008] [Revised: 07/12/2008] [Accepted: 07/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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