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Dounavi ME, McKiernan E, Langsen M, Gregory S, Muniz-Terrera G, Prats-Sedano MA, Mada MO, Williams GB, Lawlor B, Naci L, Mackay C, Koychev I, Malhotra P, Ritchie K, Ritchie CW, Su L, Waldman AD, O’ Brien JT. Investigating the brain's neurochemical profile at midlife in relation to dementia risk factors. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae138. [PMID: 38779354 PMCID: PMC11109818 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the brain's physiology in Alzheimer's disease are thought to occur early in the disease's trajectory. In this study our aim was to investigate the brain's neurochemical profile in a midlife cohort in relation to risk factors for future dementia using single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Participants in the multi-site PREVENT-Dementia study (age range 40-59 year old) underwent 3T magnetic resonance spectroscopy with the spectroscopy voxel placed in the posterior cingulate/precuneus region. Using LCModel, we quantified the absolute concentrations of myo-inositol, total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, choline, glutathione and glutamate-glutamine for 406 participants (mean age 51.1; 65.3% female). Underlying partial volume effects were accounted for by applying a correction for the presence of cerebrospinal fluid in the magnetic resonance spectroscopy voxel. We investigated how metabolite concentrations related to apolipoprotein ɛ4 genotype, dementia family history, a risk score (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Incidence of Dementia -CAIDE) for future dementia including non-modifiable and potentially-modifiable factors and dietary patterns (adherence to Mediterranean diet). Dementia family history was associated with decreased total N-acetylaspartate and no differences were found between apolipoprotein ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. A higher Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia score related to higher myo-inositol, choline, total creatine and glutamate-glutamine, an effect which was mainly driven by older age and a higher body mass index. Greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with lower choline, myo-inositol and total creatine; these effects did not survive correction for multiple comparisons. The observed associations suggest that at midlife the brain demonstrates subtle neurochemical changes in relation to both inherited and potentially modifiable risk factors for future dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eleni Dounavi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Elizabeth McKiernan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Michael Langsen
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
| | - Sarah Gregory
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Graciela Muniz-Terrera
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA
| | | | - Marius Ovidiu Mada
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Guy B Williams
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PX31, Ireland
| | - Lorina Naci
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 PX31, Ireland
| | - Clare Mackay
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Ivan Koychev
- Department of Psychiatry, Oxford University, Oxford, OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Paresh Malhotra
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Karen Ritchie
- INM, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, 34090, France
| | - Craig W Ritchie
- Centre for Dementia Prevention, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Li Su
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Adam D Waldman
- Center for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - John T O’ Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SP, UK
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2
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Świątkiewicz M, Grieb P. Citicoline for Supporting Memory in Aging Humans. Aging Dis 2022:AD.2022.0913. [PMID: 37196134 PMCID: PMC10389840 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Citicoline is the generic name of CDP-choline, a natural metabolite present in all living cells. Used in medicine as a drug since the 1980-s, citicoline was recently pronounced a food ingredient. When ingested, citicoline breaks down to cytidine and choline, which become incorporated into their respective normal metabolic pathways. Choline is a precursor of acetylcholine and phospholipids; these is a neurotransmitter pivotal for learning and memory and important constituents of neuronal membranes and myelin sheaths, respectively. Cytidine in humans is readily converted to uridine, which exerts a positive effect on synaptic function and supports the formation of synaptic membranes. Choline deficiency has been found to be correlated with memory dysfunction. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies showed that citicoline intake improves brain uptake of choline in older persons, suggestive of that it shall help in reversing early age-related cognitive changes. In randomized, placebo-controlled trials of cognitively normal middle-aged and elderly persons, positive effects of citicoline on memory efficacy were found. Similar effects of citicoline on memory indices were also found in patients suffering from mild cognitive impairment and some other neurological diseases. Altogether, the aforementioned data provide complex and unambiguous evidence supporting the claim that oral citicoline intake positively influences memory function in humans who encounter age-related memory impairment also in the absence of any detectable neurological or psychiatric disease.
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Morton SU, Leyshon BJ, Tamilia E, Vyas R, Sisitsky M, Ladha I, Lasekan JB, Kuchan MJ, Grant PE, Ou Y. A Role for Data Science in Precision Nutrition and Early Brain Development. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:892259. [PMID: 35815018 PMCID: PMC9259898 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.892259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multimodal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide biomarkers of early influences on neurodevelopment such as nutrition, environmental and genetic factors. As the exposure to early influences can be separated from neurodevelopmental outcomes by many months or years, MRI markers can serve as an important intermediate outcome in multivariate analyses of neurodevelopmental determinants. Key to the success of such work are recent advances in data science as well as the growth of relevant data resources. Multimodal MRI assessment of neurodevelopment can be supplemented with other biomarkers of neurodevelopment such as electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalogram, and non-imaging biomarkers. This review focuses on how maternal nutrition impacts infant brain development, with three purposes: (1) to summarize the current knowledge about how nutrition in stages of pregnancy and breastfeeding impact infant brain development; (2) to discuss multimodal MRI and other measures of early neurodevelopment; and (3) to discuss potential opportunities for data science and artificial intelligence to advance precision nutrition. We hope this review can facilitate the collaborative march toward precision nutrition during pregnancy and the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleonora Tamilia
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rutvi Vyas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Michaela Sisitsky
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Imran Ladha
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - P Ellen Grant
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yangming Ou
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Fetal-Neonatal Neuroimaging and Developmental Science Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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4
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de Godoy LL, Studart-Neto A, Wylezinska-Arridge M, Tsunemi MH, Moraes NC, Yassuda MS, Coutinho AM, Buchpiguel CA, Nitrini R, Bisdas S, da Costa Leite C. The Brain Metabolic Signature in Superagers Using In Vivo 1H-MRS: A Pilot Study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1790-1797. [PMID: 34446458 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Youthful memory performance in older adults may reflect an underlying resilience to the conventional pathways of aging. Subjects having this unusual characteristic have been recently termed "superagers." This study aimed to explore the significance of imaging biomarkers acquired by 1H-MRS to characterize superagers and to differentiate them from their normal-aging peers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-five patients older than 80 years of age were screened using a detailed neuropsychological protocol, and 25 participants, comprising 12 superagers and 13 age-matched controls, were statistically analyzed. We used state-of-the-art 3T 1H-MR spectroscopy to quantify 18 neurochemicals in the posterior cingulate cortex of our subjects. All 1H-MR spectroscopy data were analyzed using LCModel. Results were further processed using 2 approaches to investigate the technique accuracy: 1) comparison of the average concentration of metabolites estimated with Cramer-Rao lower bounds <20%; and 2) calculation and comparison of the weighted means of metabolites' concentrations. RESULTS The main finding observed was a higher total N-acetyl aspartate concentration in superagers than in age-matched controls using both approaches (P = .02 and P = .03 for the weighted means), reflecting a positive association of total N-acetyl aspartate with higher cognitive performance. CONCLUSIONS 1H-MR spectroscopy emerges as a promising technique to unravel neurochemical mechanisms related to cognitive aging in vivo and providing a brain metabolic signature in superagers. This may contribute to monitoring future interventional therapies to avoid or postpone the pathologic processes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L de Godoy
- From the Department of Radiology and Oncology (L.L.d.G., C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - A Studart-Neto
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Wylezinska-Arridge
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - M H Tsunemi
- Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Biosciences (M.H.T.), Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - N C Moraes
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M S Yassuda
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A M Coutinho
- Division and Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (A.M.C., C.A.B.), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - C A Buchpiguel
- Division and Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine (A.M.C., C.A.B.), Department of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - R Nitrini
- Department of Neurology (A.S.-N., N.C.M., M.S.Y., R.N.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S Bisdas
- The National Hospital of Neurology and Neurosurgery (M.W.-A., S.B.), University College London, London, UK
| | - C da Costa Leite
- From the Department of Radiology and Oncology (L.L.d.G., C.d.C.L.), Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Guo M, Fang Y, Zhu J, Chen C, Zhang Z, Tian X, Xiang H, Manyande A, Ehsanifar M, Jafari AJ, Xu F, Wang J, Peng M. Investigation of metabolic kinetics in different brain regions of awake rats using the [ 1H- 13C]-NMR technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114240. [PMID: 34246879 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Energy metabolism and neurotransmission are necessary for sustaining normal life activities. Hence, neurological or psychiatric disorders are always associated with changes in neurotransmitters and energy metabolic states in the brain. Most studies have only focused on the most important neurotransmitters, particularly GABA and Glu, however, other metabolites such as NAA and aspartate which are also very important for cerebral function are rarely investigated. In this study, most of the metabolic kinetics information of different brain regions was investigated in awake rats using the [1H-13C]-NMR technique. Briefly, rats (n = 8) were infused [1-13C] glucose through the tail vein for two minutes. After 20 min of glucose metabolism, the animals were sacrificed and the brain tissue was extracted and treated. Utilizing the 1H observed/13C-edited nuclear magnetic resonance (POCE-NMR), the enrichment of neurochemicals was detected which reflected the metabolic changes in different brain regions and the metabolic connections between neurons and glial cells in the brain. The results suggest that the distribution of every metabolite differed from every brain region and the metabolic rate of NAA was relatively low at 8.64 ± 2.37 μmol/g/h. In addition, there were some correlations between several 13C enriched metabolites, such as Glu4-Gln4 (p = 0.062), Glu4-GABA2 (p < 0.01), Glx2-Glx3 (p < 0.001), Asp3-NAA3 (p < 0.001). This correlativity reflects the signal transmission between astrocytes and neurons, as well as the potential interaction between energy metabolism and neurotransmission. In conclusion, the current study systematically demonstrated the metabolic kinetics in the brain which shed light on brain functions and the mechanisms of various pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meimei Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Jinpiao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China; Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Chang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Zongze Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Xuebi Tian
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hongbing Xiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Anne Manyande
- School of Human and Social Sciences, University of West London, London, UK
| | - Mojtaba Ehsanifar
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fuqiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, 430071, Wuhan, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Basic Medicine for Diabetes, 2nd Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050051, PR China.
| | - Mian Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China.
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Association between human gray matter metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 availability in vivo and white matter properties: a [ 11C]ABP688 PET and diffusion tensor imaging study. Brain Struct Funct 2020; 225:1805-1816. [PMID: 32495131 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-020-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory corticofugal projections in the subcortical white matter (WM) convey signals arising from local neuronal activity in the gray matter (GM). We hypothesized that metabotropic glutamate receptor-5 (mGluR5) availability in GM, as a surrogate marker for local glutamatergic neuronal activity, correlates with WM properties in healthy brain. We examined the relationship in healthy individuals between GM mGluR5 availability measured in vivo using [11C]ABP688 positron emission tomography (PET) and WM properties measured as fractional anisotropy (FA) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Twenty-three healthy volunteers underwent this multimodal imaging. We calculated mGluR5 availability, [11C]ABP688 binding potential (BPND), using the simplified reference tissue model, and generated DTI FA maps using FMRIB's Diffusion Toolbox (FDT) along with Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). To investigate the relationship between mGluR5 availability and FA, we performed voxel-wise and region of interest (ROI)-based analyses. The voxel-wise analysis showed significant positive correlations between the whole cerebral GM [11C]ABP688 BPND and the FA in widespread WM regions including the corpus callosum body, internal capsule, and corona radiata (FWE corrected p < 0.05). The ROI-based analysis also revealed significant positive correlations (Bonferroni-corrected threshold p < 0.00021) between [11C]ABP688 BPND in the frontal and parietal cortical GM and FA in the internal capsule (anterior limb and retrolenticular part). Using a novel multimodal imaging interrogation, we provide the first evidence that GM mGluR5 availability is significantly positively associated with WM properties in healthy subjects. Future comparison studies could determine whether this relationship is perturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders with dysregulated mGluR5 signaling.
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7
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Borlase N, Melzer TR, Eggleston MJF, Darling KA, Rucklidge JJ. Resting-state networks and neurometabolites in children with ADHD after 10 weeks of treatment with micronutrients: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:876-886. [PMID: 30821654 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1574329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show significant abnormalities on MR imaging in network communication and connectivity. The prefrontal-striatal-cerebella circuitry, involved in attention is particularly disrupted. Neurometabolites, the biochemical structures that support neurological structural integrity, particularly in the prefrontal cortex and striatum are associated with symptoms. This study aimed to explore changes in neurometabolite levels through treatment with vitamins and minerals (micronutrients), hypothesising that treatment would impact neural circuitry and correspond to a reduction in symptoms. Twenty-seven non-medicated children (M = 10.75 years) with DSM5 diagnosed ADHD were randomised to receive daily micronutrients or placebo for 10 weeks. Main outcome measures included the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale and ADHD-RS-IV Clinician Ratings of ADHD symptoms. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the bilateral pre-frontal cortex and bilateral striatum, resting state fMRI and structural images were acquired 1 week pre-treatment, and in the last week of intervention. Results did not show any significant differences in the measured brain metrics and the levels of neurometabolites between treatment and placebo groups after ten weeks of treatment with micronutrients. In the treatment group there was a trend for: decreased choline in the striatum; decreased glutamate in the prefrontal cortex; increased grey matter in the anterior thalamus; increased white matter in the fornix and improved network integrity of the default mode network, dorsal attention network and frontal executive network. The small sample size of the current study limits results, future studies with higher power are warranted to explore any association between micronutrient treatment and neurological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Borlase
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Tracy R Melzer
- New Zealand Brain Research Institute, Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Matthew J F Eggleston
- Child and Family North Community and Outreach Team, Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kathryn A Darling
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Julia J Rucklidge
- Department of Psychology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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8
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Neurochemical changes in the aging brain: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 98:306-319. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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The Effect of a High-Dose Vitamin B Multivitamin Supplement on the Relationship between Brain Metabolism and Blood Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121860. [PMID: 30513795 PMCID: PMC6316433 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A diet rich in B-group vitamins is essential for optimal body and brain function, and insufficient amounts of such vitamins have been associated with higher levels of neural inflammation and oxidative stress, as marked by increased blood plasma homocysteine. Neural biomarkers of oxidative stress quantified through proton magnetic spectroscopy (1H-MRS) are not well understood, and the relationship between such neural and blood biomarkers is seldom studied. The current study addresses this gap by investigating the direct effect of 6-month high-dose B-group vitamin supplementation on neural and blood biomarkers of metabolism. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 32 healthy adults (20 female, 12 male) aged 30–65 years underwent blood tests (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folate, and homocysteine levels) and 1H-MRS of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) before and after supplementation. Results confirmed the supplement was effective in increasing vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 levels and reducing homocysteine, whereas there was no change in folate levels. There were significant relationships between vitamin B6 and N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline, and creatine, as well as between vitamin B12 and creatine (ps < 0.05), whereas NAA in the PCC increased, albeit not significantly (p > 0.05). Together these data provide preliminary evidence for the efficacy of high-dose B-group supplementation in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through increasing oxidative metabolism. It may also promote myelination, cellular metabolism, and energy storage.
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10
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Wenger MJ, DellaValle DM, Murray-Kolb LE, Haas JD. Effect of iron deficiency on simultaneous measures of behavior, brain activity, and energy expenditure in the performance of a cognitive task. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:196-206. [PMID: 28784049 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1360559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iron deficiency (ID) - the highly prevalent nutritional deficiency - has been shown to have deleterious effects on measures of cognitive performance and brain activity. Many of these results are suggestive of the impact of ID on neurotransmitter regulation and myelination. A third critical potential effect of ID on brain function is at the level of brain energy expenditure; however, to date there has not been any method for indirectly estimating the impact of ID on energy expenditure in humans in the context of cognitive work. METHODS We report here a study comparing ID and iron sufficient (IS) college students in which simultaneous behavioral, encephelographic (EEG), and metabolic data were collected in a task designed as a cognitive analog to standard physical exertion tasks. RESULTS We show that increases in cognitive demands produced decrements in behavioral measures of performance, and increases in EEG and metabolic measures of work. Critically, we found that the magnitudes of those changes were directly related to iron levels. DISCUSSION We find support for the idea that brain activity mediates the relationship between cognitive demands and energy expenditure, with ferritin and hemoglobin moderating those relationships in distinct ways. Finally, we show that levels of energy expenditure can be indirectly estimated by measures of EEG spectral power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Wenger
- a Center for Applied Social Research , The University of Oklahoma , 201 Stephenson Parkway, Suite 4100, Norman , OK 73019 , USA.,b Division of Nutritional Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Diane M DellaValle
- b Division of Nutritional Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA.,c Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Marywood University , Scranton , PA , USA
| | - Laura E Murray-Kolb
- d Department of Nutritional Sciences , The Pennsylvania State University , State College , PA , USA
| | - Jere D Haas
- b Division of Nutritional Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
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