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Carbine KA, LeCheminant JD, Kelley TA, Kapila-Ramirez A, Hill K, Masterson T, Christensen E, Larson MJ. The impact of exercise on food-related inhibitory control- do calories, time of day, and BMI matter? Evidence from an event-related potential (ERP) study. Appetite 2024; 200:107514. [PMID: 38838592 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests exercise improves inhibitory control functions. We tested if exercise-related inhibitory control benefits extend to food-related inhibitory control and differ by calorie content, time of day, and weight status. One hundred thirty-eight individuals were pseudo-randomly assigned to a morning or evening group. Each subject participated in two lab sessions where they completed questionnaires (rest session) or walked on a treadmill at 3.8mph (exercise session) for 45 min. After each session, participants completed both a high-calorie and low-calorie go/no-go task while N2 and P3 event-related potentials (ERP), both neural indicators of inhibitory control, were measured. Participants also rated food images for valence and arousal. While N2 and P3 difference amplitudes were larger to high-calorie than low-calorie foods, neither exercise nor time of day affected results. Individuals had faster response times after exercise without decreases in accuracy. Arousal and valence for high-calorie foods were lower after exercise and lower for all foods after morning compared to evening exercise. In a subset of individuals with obesity and normal-weight individuals, individuals with obesity had larger N2 difference amplitudes after morning exercise, while normal-weight individuals had larger P3 difference amplitudes to high-calorie foods after exercise. Results suggest moderate exercise did not affect food-related inhibitory control generally, although morning exercise may be beneficial in improving early recruitment of food-related inhibitory control in individuals with obesity. Moderate exercise, particularly in the morning, may also help manage increased attention allocated to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie A Carbine
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA.
| | - James D LeCheminant
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Tracy A Kelley
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Anita Kapila-Ramirez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, 90747, USA
| | - Kyle Hill
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City University, Kansas City, MO, 64106, USA
| | - Travis Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, 16801, USA
| | - Edward Christensen
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, & Food Science, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
| | - Michael J Larson
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA; Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA
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2
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Ester-Nacke T, Berti K, Veit R, Dannecker C, Salvador R, Ruffini G, Heni M, Birkenfeld AL, Plewnia C, Preissl H, Kullmann S. Network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation of the hypothalamus appetite-control network: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11341. [PMID: 38762574 PMCID: PMC11102513 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is the key regulator for energy homeostasis and is functionally connected to striatal and cortical regions vital for the inhibitory control of appetite. Hence, the ability to non-invasively modulate the hypothalamus network could open new ways for the treatment of metabolic diseases. Here, we tested a novel method for network-targeted transcranial direct current stimulation (net-tDCS) to influence the excitability of brain regions involved in the control of appetite. Based on the resting-state functional connectivity map of the hypothalamus, a 12-channel net-tDCS protocol was generated (Neuroelectrics Starstim system), which included anodal, cathodal and sham stimulation. Ten participants with overweight or obesity were enrolled in a sham-controlled, crossover study. During stimulation or sham control, participants completed a stop-signal task to measure inhibitory control. Overall, stimulation was well tolerated. Anodal net-tDCS resulted in faster stop signal reaction time (SSRT) compared to sham (p = 0.039) and cathodal net-tDCS (p = 0.042). Baseline functional connectivity of the target network correlated with SSRT after anodal compared to sham stimulation (p = 0.016). These preliminary data indicate that modulating hypothalamus functional network connectivity via net-tDCS may result in improved inhibitory control. Further studies need to evaluate the effects on eating behavior and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Ester-Nacke
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Berti
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Veit
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corinna Dannecker
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Heni
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
- Department for Diagnostic Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas L Birkenfeld
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Plewnia
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Neurophysiology and Interventional Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hubert Preissl
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie Kullmann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nephrology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany
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Wang Y, Wu D, Sun K, Zhu Y, Chen X, Xiao W. The Effect of Rhythmic Audio-Visual Stimulation on Inhibitory Control: An ERP Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:506. [PMID: 38790484 PMCID: PMC11119230 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14050506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory control, as an essential cognitive ability, affects the development of higher cognitive functions. Rhythmic perceptual stimulation has been used to improve cognitive abilities. It is unclear, however, whether it can be used to improve inhibitory control. This study used the Go/NoGo task and the Stroop task to assess various levels of inhibitory control using rhythmic audio-visual stimuli as the stimulus mode. Sixty subjects were randomly divided into three groups to receive 6 Hz, 10 Hz, and white noise stimulation for 30 min. Two tasks were completed by each subject both before and after the stimulus. Before and after the task, closed-eye resting EEG data were collected. The results showed no differences in behavioral and EEG measures of the Go/NoGo task among the three groups. While both 6 Hz and 10 Hz audio-visual stimulation reduced the conflict effect in the Stroop task, only 6 Hz audio-visual stimulation improved the amplitude of the N2 component and decreased the conflict score. Although rhythmic audio-visual stimulation did not enhance response inhibition, it improved conflict inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Wei Xiao
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Y.W.); (D.W.); (K.S.); (Y.Z.); (X.C.)
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Dong D, Chen X, Li W, Gao X, Wang Y, Zhou F, Eickhoff SB, Chen H. Opposite changes in morphometric similarity of medial reward and lateral non-reward orbitofrontal cortex circuits in obesity. Neuroimage 2024; 290:120574. [PMID: 38467346 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a profound impact on metabolic health thereby adversely affecting brain structure and function. However, the majority of previous studies used a single structural index to investigate the link between brain structure and body mass index (BMI), which hinders our understanding of structural covariance between regions in obesity. This study aimed to examine the relationship between macroscale cortical organization and BMI using novel morphometric similarity networks (MSNs). The individual MSNs were first constructed from individual eight multimodal cortical morphometric features between brain regions. Then the relationship between BMI and MSNs within the discovery sample of 434 participants was assessed. The key findings were further validated in an independent sample of 192 participants. We observed that the lateral non-reward orbitofrontal cortex (lOFC) exhibited decoupling (i.e., reduction in integration) in obesity, which was mainly manifested by its decoupling with the cognitive systems (i.e., DMN and FPN) while the medial reward orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) showed de-differentiation (i.e., decrease in distinctiveness) in obesity, which was mainly represented by its de-differentiation with the cognitive and attention systems (i.e., DMN and VAN). Additionally, the lOFC showed de-differentiation with the visual system in obesity, while the mOFC showed decoupling with the visual system and hyper-coupling with the sensory-motor system in obesity. As an important first step in revealing the role of underlying structural covariance in body mass variability, the present study presents a novel mechanism that underlies the reward-control interaction imbalance in obesity, thus can inform future weight-management approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ximei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Sleep and NeuroImaging Center, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Cunningham PM, Roe LS, Pearce AL, Keller KL, Rolls BJ. Poorer inhibitory control was related to greater food intake across meals varying in portion size: A randomized crossover trial. Appetite 2024; 194:107168. [PMID: 38104634 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals eat more food when larger portions are served, and this portion size effect could be influenced by inhibitory control (the ability to suppress an automatic response). Inhibitory control may also relate to obesogenic meal behaviors such as eating faster, taking larger bites, and frequent switching between meal components (such as bites of food and sips of water). In a randomized crossover design, 44 adults ate lunch four times in the laboratory. Lunch consisted of a pasta dish that was varied in portion size (400, 500, 600, or 700 g) along with 700 g of water. Meals were video-recorded to assess meal duration and bite and sip counts, which were used to determine mean eating rate (g/min), mean bite size (g/bite), and number of switches between bites and sips. Participants completed a food-specific stop-signal task, which was used to calculate Stop-Signal Reaction Time (SSRT). Across participants, SSRT values ranged from 143 to 306 msec, where greater SSRT indicates poorer inhibitory control. As expected, serving larger portions increased meal intake (p < 0.0001); compared to the smallest portion, intake of the largest increased by 121 ± 17 g (mean ± SEM). SSRT did not moderate the portion size effect (p = 0.34), but individuals with poorer inhibitory control ate more across all meals: 24 ± 11 g for each one SD unit increase in SSRT (p = 0.035). SSRT was not related to eating rate or bite size (both p > 0.13), but poorer inhibitory control predicted greater switching between bites and sips, such that 1.5 ± 0.7 more switches were made during meals for each one SD unit increase in SSRT (p = 0.03). These findings indicate that inhibitory control can contribute to overconsumption across meals varying in portion size, potentially in part by promoting switching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige M Cunningham
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Liane S Roe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Alaina L Pearce
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Keller
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA; Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Barbara J Rolls
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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Nock NL, Jiang H, Rao SM, Dimitropoulos A. Neural correlates of inhibitory control in severe class III compared with class I/II obesity using a sample of endometrial cancer survivors seeking weight loss. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:1558-1568. [PMID: 37157057 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE No prior studies have evaluated inhibitory control in people with severe class III compared with class I/II obesity. Thus, the study aim was to evaluate inhibitory control and neural correlates of response inhibition by obesity class using a sample of endometrial cancer (EC) survivors with obesity, who have a higher risk of overall but not cancer-specific mortality. METHODS Forty-eight stage I EC survivors with obesity (class I/II: n = 21; class III: n = 27) seeking weight loss in a lifestyle intervention at baseline completed a stop signal task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS It was found that participants with class III obesity had a longer stop signal reaction time (mean [SD], 278.8 [51.3] vs. 251.5 [34.0] milliseconds, p < 0.01) compared with those with class I/II obesity, indicating that patients with EC with severe obesity had greater impulsivity and poorer inhibitory control. Results also showed increased activation in the thalamus and superior frontal gyrus for the incorrect versus correct inhibition contrast in class III but not class I/II obesity (whole brain cluster corrected, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results provide novel insights into inhibitory control and corresponding neural correlates in severe versus less severe classes of obesity and highlight the importance of targeting inhibitory control processes in weight-loss interventions, particularly for people with severe obesity and greater impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora L Nock
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Huangqi Jiang
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen M Rao
- Department of the Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Schey Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Grandjean da Costa K, Bortolotti H, Cabral DA, Rêgo ML, Brito K, Cunha de Medeiros GO, Price M, Palhano-Fontes F, Barros de Araujo D, Fontes EB. Insular cortex activity during food-specific inhibitory control is associated with academic achievement in children. Physiol Behav 2022; 257:114001. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cáceres NA, Yu Q, Lauzon M, Diniz MA, Tuckerman R, Carrillo A, Philipp M, Foster GD, Seitz AR, Salvy S. Supplementing a widely available weight loss program with gamified inhibitory control training: A randomized pilot study. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:775-783. [PMID: 36483117 PMCID: PMC9722449 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that targeting self-regulatory processes may improve obesity treatment outcomes. Incorporating gamification principles in inhibitory control training may promote sustained training adherence and resulting benefits. This pilot study evaluated the preliminary efficacy of supplementing an evidence-based weight management program (WW) with sustained gamified inhibitory control training (PolyRules!) on change in Body Mass Index (BMI) among adults with overweight/obesity. Methods 30 adults with overweight/obesity (M age 49.9 ± 12.4, 86.7% female; 23.3% Hispanic, mean BMI 35.3 ± 6.3) were randomly assigned to receive WW with or without PolyRules! for 12 weeks. The primary outcome was change in BMI from baseline to post-intervention across study arms. Implementation and process indicators were captured to inform larger trials. Results Average change in BMI was -0.9 in the WW arm and -1.2 in the WW + PolyRules! arm (Cohen's d = 0.26). In the WW + PolyRules! arm, increased training was associated with greater decreases in BMI (r = -0.506, p = 0.0454). WW + PolyRules! participants completed an average of 60.4% sessions and reported positive experiences. There was no difference in frequency of food (d = -0.02) and weight tracking (d = -0.19) between arms. Conclusions Studies in larger samples should evaluate training-related effects on weight. Supplementing WW with gamified inhibitory training appears feasible, with no detrimental effect on engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nenette A. Cáceres
- Cancer Research Center for Health EquityCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Qihan Yu
- Cancer Research Center for Health EquityCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marie Lauzon
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research CenterCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Marcio A. Diniz
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research CenterCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rebecca Tuckerman
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | | | | | - Gary D. Foster
- WW International, IncNew YorkNYUSA
- Center for Weight and Eating DisordersPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aaron R. Seitz
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CaliforniaRiversideCaliforniaUSA
- UCR Brain Game CenterRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah‐Jeanne Salvy
- Cancer Research Center for Health EquityCedars‐Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Efficacy of a combined food-response inhibition and attention training for weight loss. Curr Opin Behav Sci 2022; 46:101168. [PMID: 36817801 PMCID: PMC9937565 DOI: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2022.101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences article reviews trials that evaluated an obesity treatment that combines response-inhibition training with high-calorie foods and training designed to reduce attention for high-calorie foods. Two randomized controlled trials suggest that food-response inhibition and attention training produced significant body-fat loss, along with a reduction in valuation of, and reward-region response to, high-calorie foods. However, these effects did not emerge in a third trial, potentially because this trial used more heterogeneous food images, which reduced inhibition learning and attentional learning. Collectively, results suggest that food-response inhibition and attention training can devalue high-calorie foods and result in weight loss, but only if a homogeneous set of high-calorie and low-calorie food images is used.
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