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Liu JC, Zhao QF, Zhang L, Yu BY, Li F, Kou JP. Ruscogenin Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia via Myosin IIA-Dependent Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Balance. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2023; 51:1879-1904. [PMID: 37650421 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x23500830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Ruscogenin (RUS), a major effective steroidal sapogenin derived from Ophiopogon japonicas, has been reported to alleviate myocardial ischemia (MI), but its cardioprotective mechanism is still not completely clear. In this study, we observed that RUS markedly reduced MI-induced myocardial injury, as evidenced by notable reductions in infarct size, improvement in biochemical markers, alleviation of cardiac pathology, amelioration of mitochondrial damage, and inhibition of myocardial apoptosis. Moreover, RUS notably suppressed oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-triggered cell injury and apoptosis. Notably, RUS demonstrated a considerable decrease of the interaction between myosin IIA and F-actin, along with the restoration of mitochondrial fusion and fission balance. We further confirmed that the effects of RUS on MI were mediated by myosin IIA using siRNA and overexpression techniques. The inhibition of myosin IIA resulted in a significant improvement of mitochondrial fusion and fission imbalance, while simultaneously counteracting the beneficial effects of RUS. By contrast, overexpression of myosin IIA aggravated the imbalance between mitochondrial fusion and fission and partially weakened the protection of RUS. These findings suggest that myosin IIA is essential or even a key functional protein in the cardioprotection of RUS. Overall, our results have elucidated an undiscovered mechanism involving myosin IIA-dependent mitochondrial fusion and fission balance for treating MI. Furthermore, our study has uncovered a novel mechanism underlying the protective effects of RUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheng Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Qing-Fei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Yang Yu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Kou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, Research Center for Traceability and Standardization of TCMs, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
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Kang J, Zhao J, He LF, Li LX, Zhu ZK, Tian ML. Extraction, characterization and anti-oxidant activity of polysaccharide from red Panax ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus waste. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1183096. [PMID: 37293670 PMCID: PMC10244596 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1183096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Red ginseng and Ophiopogon japonicus are both traditional Chinese medicines. They have also been used as food in China for thousands of years. These two herbs were frequently used in many traditional Chinese patent medicines. However, the carbohydrate compositions of these two herbs were not normally used during the production of said medicine, such as Shenmai injection, resulting in a large amount of waste composed of carbohydrates. In this study, the extraction conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. The Shenmai injection waste polysaccharide was extracted by using distilled water that was boiled under the optimized conditions. The Shenmai injection waste polysaccharide (SMP) was thereby obtained. SMP was further purified by anion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. With this method, a neutral polysaccharide fraction (SMP-NP) and an acidic polysaccharide fraction (SMP-AP) were obtained. The results of structure elucidation indicated that SMP-NP was a type of levan, and SMP-AP was a typical acidic polysaccharide. SMP-NP exhibited potential stimulation activity on the proliferation of five different Lactobacilli strains. Therefore, SMP-AP could promote the antioxidant defense of IPEC-J2 cells. These findings suggest that Shenmai injection waste could be used as a resource for prebiotics and antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Kang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jue Zhao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Lan-Fang He
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li-Xia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Zhu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Meng-Liang Tian
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Siddiqui NZ, Rehman AU, Yousuf W, khan AI, Farooqui NA, Zang S, Xin Y, Wang L. Effect of crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) on gut microbiota restoration and anti-diabetic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM mice. Gut Pathog 2022; 14:39. [PMID: 36115959 PMCID: PMC9482207 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00512-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is regarded as a multifunctional, immune-related disease which causes massive destruction of islet β-cells in pancreas resulting in hyperglycemic, hypoinsulinemia and hyperlipidimic conditions. The aim of the present study, was to investigate the hypothesis that streptozotocin (STZ)-induced T1DM in Balb/c mice when treated with crude polysaccharide from seaweed, Dictyopteris divaricata (CDDP) depicts improvement in diabetes-related symptoms. Treatment with CDDP resulted in decreased body weight loss, improved food consumption and water intake disbalances. The CDDP effectively improved fasting blood glucose, oral glucose tolerance (OGTT), serum insulin, insulin secretion, rejuvenation of β-cells mass, serum lipid profile and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. Additionally, treatment with CDDP increased the population of beneficial bacteria such as Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Lactobacillus at phylum, family and genus levels by 16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, immunohistological examination confirmed that CDDP reduces the inflammation and restored the structural morphology of colon and upraised the levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), Mucin-2 (MUC-2) and tight-junction proteins (TJs) whereby maintaining the gut structures and barrier permeability. Thus, the above presented data, highlights the safe and therapeutic effects of crude polysaccharide (CDDP) from D. divaricata in the treatment and restoration of T1DM disorders and can be used as a food supplement alternative to diabetes medicine.
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Anti-diabetic activity of crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in Wistar rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:556. [PMID: 31953455 PMCID: PMC6969100 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57486-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to elucidate the anti-diabetic effects of the crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide derived from G. lithophila on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Treatment with crude polysaccharide and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide showed increases in body weight and pancreatic insulin levels and a decrease in blood glucose levels compared with control diabetic rats. The blood concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) decreased, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) increased both in the crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels increased, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels decreased in the livers, kidneys and pancreases of crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated rats. Immunohistological examination further confirmed that restoration of the normal cellular size of the islets of Langerhans and the rebirth of β-cells were found to be greater in the body region than in the head and tail regions of the pancreas. The crude polysaccharide- and rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide-treated diabetic rats showed normal blood glucose levels and insulin production, and reversed cholesterol levels and enzymatic actions. Therefore, rhamnose-enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila acts as a potent anti-diabetic agent to treat diabetes and can lead to the development of an alternative medicine for diabetes in the future.
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Fan S, Zhang J, Xiao Q, Liu P, Zhang Y, Yao E, Chen X. Cardioprotective effect of the polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:233-240. [PMID: 31923517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The polysaccharide (OJP1), extracted from the root of Ophiopogon japonicus, is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases. The present study was set up to investigate the cardioprotective effect of OJP1 on isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia injury in rats. Results showed that pretreatment with OJP1 (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) significantly reduced ISO-induced ST-segment elevation and the heart index, attenuated the levels of marker enzymes (AST, LDH, CK and CK-MB), along with a significantly enhanced the activities of ATPases. Moreover, pretreatment with OJP1 not only enhanced the activities of SOD, GPx and CAT in serum and myocardium, but also decreased the level of MDA. The biochemical and histopathological analysis also showed that OJP1 can alleviate the myocardial injury induced by ISO. Taken together, our results indicated that oral administration of OJP1 offered significant cardioprotective effect against the damage induced by ISO through enhancement of endogenous antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sairong Fan
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yining Zhang
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Enze Yao
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Institute of Glycobiological Engineering/School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Ding L, Cheng P, Wang L, Hu J, Zhang YX, Cai GW, Huang GY, Gao S. The protective effects of polysaccharide extract from Xin-Ji-Er-Kang formula on Ang II-induced HUVECs injury, L-NAME-induced hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in mice. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:127. [PMID: 31196042 PMCID: PMC6567637 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Xin-Ji-Er-Kang (XJEK) is a Chinese herbal formula, which has been reported to exert effective protection against cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension and myocarditis. Methods Cultured human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) and different concentrations of aqueous layer extracts (AqE). Subsequently nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression levels were detected. In addition, fifty Kunming mice were randomized into control, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), L-NAME+AqE, L-NAME+XJEK and L-NAME+fosinopril treatment groups. Following 8 weeks of treatment, the cardiac hemodynamic index was measured, relaxation of the aorta was examined and pathological changes were observed. Colorimetric analysis and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were applied to determine the relevant indicators in plasma and cardiac tissues. Results The in vitro study results demonstrated that AqE could preserve endothelial function (NO, 21.05 ± 2.03 vs. 8.64 ± 0.59; eNOS, 1.08 ± 0.17 vs.0.73 ± 0.06). In addition, the in vivo results demonstrated that compared with the control group, treatment with AqE could enhance a high hemodynamic state (left ventricular systolic pressure, 116.76 ± 9.96 vs.114.5 ± 15.16), improve endothelial function (NO, 7.98 ± 9.64 vs. 1.66 ± 3.11; eNOS, 19.78 ± 3.18 vs.19.38 ± 3.85), suppress oxidative stress (OS) (superoxide dismutase, 178.17 ± 13.78 vs. 159.38 ± 18.86; malondialdehyde, 0.77 ± 0.13 vs.1.25 ± 0.36) and reverse cardiovascular remodeling. Conclusion Polysaccharide from XJEK exerts protective effects against Ang II-induced injury in HUVECs and L-NAME-induced hypertension in mice and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to improving endothelial dysfunction, OS and the inflammation status in mice.
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Zeng P, Li J, Chen Y, Zhang L. The structures and biological functions of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 163:423-444. [PMID: 31030757 PMCID: PMC7102684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most of traditional Chinese medicine substances come from herbal plants. The medicinal quality of herbal plants varies with the locations of cultivation, the parts of the herb collected, the season of the herb collected, and the herb processing method. Polysaccharides are major components of the herb plants and their biosynthesis is partly controlled by the genes but mostly influenced by the availability of the nutrition and determined by the various environmental factors. In recent decades, polysaccharides isolated from different kinds of Chinese herbs have received much attention due to their important biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, radiation protecting, antiviral, hypolipidemic, and immunomodulatory activities. Interestingly, different batches of the same herb can obtain different polysaccharide fractions with subtle differences in molecular weight, monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic linkages, and biological functions. Even with these variations, a large number of bioactive polysaccharides from different kinds of traditional Chinese herbs have been purified, characterized, and reported. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest polysaccharide extraction methods and the strategies used for monosaccharide compositional analysis plus polysaccharide structural characterization. Most importantly, the reported chemical characteristics and biological activities of the polysaccharides from the famous traditional Chinese herbs including Astragalus membranaceus, Ginseng, Lycium barbarum, Angelica sinensis, Cordyceps sinensis, and Ophiopogon japonicus will be reviewed and discussed. The published studies provide evidence that polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs play an important role in their medical applications, which forms the basis for future research, development, and application of these polysaccharides as functional foods and therapeutics in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengjiao Zeng
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Corresponding authors:
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Medical Records, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Systems Biology and Medicine Center for Complex Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Corresponding authors:
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Fang J, Wang X, Lu M, He X, Yang X. Recent advances in polysaccharides from Ophiopogon japonicus and Liriope spicata var. prolifera. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1257-1266. [PMID: 29634971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
O. japonicus and L. spicata var. prolifera are distinguished as sources of highly promising yin-tonifying medicinals, namely Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix. Liriopes Radix is generally medicinally used as a substitute for Ophiopogonis Radix in various prescriptions due to their extremely similar nature. Ophiopogonis Radix and Liriopes Radix are both very rich in bioactive polysaccharides, especially β‑fructans. Over the past twelve years, except for work on physical entrapment and chemical modification of obtained β‑fructans, the vast majority of studies are carried out to investigate the bioactivities of O. japonicus polysaccharides (OJP) and L. spicata var. prolifera polysaccharides (LSP), mainly including anti-diabetes, immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, antioxidation, anti-obesity, cardiovascular protection, etc. In addition, OJP and LSP are considered to have the potential to regulate intestinal flora. The main purpose of this review is to provide systematically reorganized information on structural characteristics and bioactivities of OJP and LSP to support their further therapeutic potentials and sanitarian functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Mengxin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China
| | - Xirui He
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Northwest University, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710069, PR China; Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, PR China
| | - Xinhua Yang
- Chongqing Jiangbei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400020, PR China
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Jahanbin K. Structural characterization of a new water-soluble polysaccharide isolated from Acanthophyllum acerosum roots and its antioxidant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:1227-1234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Li YY, Zhao YH. Efficacy and Mechanisms of Chinese Medicine on the Modulation of Myocardial Autophagy in Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:917-932. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy refers to the process in which the cellular lysosome degrades the cell’s own damaged organelles and related macromolecule substances. It plays important roles in the homeostasis of organs, cell survival, and stable development. Previous studies indicate that the process of cardiopathology is closely associated with autophagy and some of Chinese medicines (active compounds and formulae) are found to have beneficial effects on injured cardiomyocytes via the modulation of autophagy. This review highlights the efficacy of the action of Chinese medicine on the regulation of myocardial autophagy and summarizes the related molecular and signal mechanisms. Our study discovers that some active compounds and formulae of Chinese medicines react on the specific targets of autophagy in related signal pathways to exert protective effects in the processes of ischemia and reperfusion, as well as, in other cardiopathological models. Parts of these compounds even have the characteristics of multiple targets in autophagic signal pathways and dual-directional regulated actions on autophagy, suggesting that Chinese medicines, which possess the ability to modulate autophagy, might improve effective cardio protection in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Hua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao 999078, Macao SAR, P. R. China
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Li LC, Wang ZW, Hu XP, Wu ZY, Hu ZP, Ruan YL. MDG‑1 inhibits H2O2‑induced apoptosis and inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:3673-3679. [PMID: 28713956 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
MDG‑1, a water‑soluble polysaccharide extracted from Ophiopogon japonicus, has been reported to serve a role in antimyocardial ischemia by protecting cardiomyocytes from hypoxia/reoxygenation‑induced damage. However, it remains unknown whether MDG‑1 protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) against oxidative stress‑induced damage. In the present study, HUVECs were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to establish an oxidative stress‑induced cell injury model. Treatment of HUVECs with different concentrations of H2O2 significantly attenuated cell viability and increased cell apoptosis in a time and dose‑dependent manner. Pretreatment with MDG‑1 markedly reduced H2O2‑induced cell death, ROS generation and inflammatory factor secretion. In addition, pretreatment with MDG‑1 decreased the expression levels of proapoptotic proteins BCL2 associated X (Bax) and caspase‑3, while it increased the expression levels of the antiapoptotic protein BCL2 apoptosis regulator (Bcl‑2), compared with H2O2 treatment alone. Taken together, the present data suggest that MDG‑1 protected HUVECs against H2O2‑induced apoptosis and inflammation through inhibition of Bax/Bcl‑2 protein ratio, caspase‑3 expression, and inflammatory factor secretion. This study provides a potential application for MDG‑1 in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo-Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Le Ruan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Chen MH, Chen XJ, Wang M, Lin LG, Wang YT. Ophiopogon japonicus--A phytochemical, ethnomedicinal and pharmacological review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 181:193-213. [PMID: 26826325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong in Chinese), the root of Ophiopogon japonicus, is widely used in local medicines of China, Japan and some south-eastern Asian countries. According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle, Ophiopogonis Radix nourishes the yin, promotes body fluid production, moistens the lung, eases the mind and clears away heart fire. This review summarizes the achievements of the investigations in botany, phytochemistry, quality control, traditional uses, pharmacological activities and clinical studies on O. japonicus; this review also describes the shortcomings of studies on this herbal drug and thus serves as the basis of further scientific research and development of this traditional herbal drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS O. japonicus-related information was collected from various resources, including books on Chinese herbs and the Internet databases, such as Google Scholar, SciFinder, Web of Science, Elsevier, ACS, PubMed and China Knowledge Resource Integrated (CNKI). RESULTS O. japonicus is widely distributed in East Asia, especially in China. Numerous compounds were identified from this plant. The main components of O. japonicus include steroidal saponins, homoisoflavonoids and polysaccharides, which exhibited various pharmacological activities, such as cardiovascular protection, anti-inflammation, anticancer, anti-oxidation, immunomodulation, cough relief, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetes. CONCLUSIONS O. japonicus is a common traditional Chinese herbal drug used as the main ingredient in many prescriptions. Modern researches verified that O. japonicus can be used either as a healthy food or a therapeutic agent for disease prevention and treatment. The molecular mechanisms and chemical principles of this herbal medicine should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xiao-Jia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mei Wang
- Sino-Dutch Center for Preventive and Personalized Medicine/Leiden Amsterdam Center for Drug Research (LACDR), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Li-Gen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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Zhang J, Fan S, Mao Y, Ji Y, Jin L, Lu J, Chen X. Cardiovascular protective effect of polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus in diabetic rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 82:505-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wang L, Yao C, Wu F, Lin X, Shen L, Feng Y. Targeting delivery of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide to ischemic/reperfused rat myocardium by long-circulating macromolecular and liposomal carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:5729-37. [PMID: 26425081 PMCID: PMC4583551 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s89445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery to ischemic myocardium is an enormous challenge. This work aimed to characterize cardiac delivery behaviors of mono-polyethylene glycosylated (PEGylated) conjugates and long-circulating liposomes (L-Lps) with Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) as drug. The results showed that compared to native ROP, 32-, 52-, and 45-fold increases in blood half-life were achieved by 20-kDa PEG mono-modified ROP (P20k-R), 40-kDa PEG mono-modified ROP (P40k-R), and ROP-loaded L-Lp, respectively. With comparable blood pharmacokinetics, ROP-loaded L-Lp showed both significantly higher targeting efficacy and drug exposure in infarcted myocardium than P40k-R. With regard to P20k-R, both its targeting efficacy and its level in infarcted myocardium at 3 hours postdose were comparable to P40k-R, but its level in blood and myocardium reduced obviously faster. As a whole, the results indicate that both loading in L-Lps and mono-PEGylation are effective in targeting drug to ischemic myocardium, but the former appears to induce stronger effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiNa Wang
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - ChunXia Yao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Yao C, Shi X, Lin X, Shen L, Xu D, Feng Y. Increased cardiac distribution of mono-PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in both myocardial infarction and ischemia/reperfusion rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:409-18. [PMID: 25609953 PMCID: PMC4298336 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Although PEGylation plays an important role in drug delivery, knowledge about the distribution behavior of PEGylated drugs in ischemic myocardia is rather limited compared to nanoparticles. This work therefore aims to characterize the targeting behavior of the anti-myocardial ischemic mono-PEGylated conjugates of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) in two clinically relevant animal models, ie, the myocardial infarction (MI) model and the ischemia/reperfusion (IR) model. To determine the effect of the molecular size of conjugates, two representative conjugates (20- and 40-kDa polyethylene glycol mono-modified ROPs), with hydrodynamic size being approximately and somewhat beyond 10 nm, respectively, were studied in parallel at three time points postdose after a method for determining them quantitatively in biosamples was established. The results showed that the cardiac distribution of the two conjugates was significantly enhanced in both MI and IR rats due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect induced by ischemia. In general, the cardiac targeting efficacy of the conjugates in MI and IR rats was approximately 2; however, different changing in targeting efficacy with time was observed between MI and IR rats and also between the conjugates. Although the enhanced permeability and retention effect-based targeting efficacy for mono-PEGylated ROPs was not high, they, as dissolved macromolecules, are prone to diffusion in the cardiac interstitium space, and thus, facilitate the drug to reach perfusion-deficient and nonperfused areas. These findings are helpful in choosing the cardiac targeting strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChunXia Yao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoLi Shi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - DeSheng Xu
- Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Fan S, Wang J, Mao Y, Ji Y, Jin L, Chen X, Lu J. Characterization and Antioxidant Properties of OJP2, a Polysaccharide Isolated from <i>Ophiopogon japonicus</i>. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2015.68054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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WANG H, QI J, HAN DQ, XU T, LIU JH, QIN MJ, ZHU DN, Bo-Yang YU. Cause and control of Radix Ophiopogonis browning during storage. Chin J Nat Med 2015; 13:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)60010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Shi X, Lin X, Zheng X, Feng Y, Shen L. Injectable long-acting systems for Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide based on mono-PEGylation and in situ formation of a PLGA depot. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:5555-63. [PMID: 25489243 PMCID: PMC4257019 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s71819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP), a highly hydrophilic macromolecule, has a unique anti-ischemic action in the myocardium. One of the main problems with its use is its relatively short half-life in vivo. To solve this problem, injectable long-acting drug delivery systems, which combine mono-PEGylation (PEG, polyethylene glycol) with the in situ formation of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLGA) depots, were tested in this study. Methods Through a moderate coupling reaction between 20 kDa amino-terminated methoxy-PEG and excessive ROP with activated hydroxyls, a long-circulating and bioactive mono-PEGylated ROP was prepared and characterized. A reasonable and applicable range of PLGA formulations loaded with the mono-PEGylated ROP were prepared, characterized, and evaluated in vivo. Results Relative to ROP, the half-life of which was only 0.5 hours, the conjugate alone, following subcutaneous administration, showed markedly prolonged retention in the systemic circulation, with a mean residence time in vivo of approximately 2.76 days. In combination with in situ-forming PLGA depots, the residence time of the conjugate in vivo was prolonged further. In particular, a long-lasting and steady plasma exposure for nearly a month was achieved by the formulation comprising 40% 30 kDa PLGA in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. Conclusion Long-lasting and steady drug exposure could be achieved using mono-PEGylation in combination with in situ formation of PLGA depots. Such a combination with ROP would be promising for long-term prophylaxis and/or treatment of myocardial ischemia. For high-dose and highly hydrophilic macromolecular drugs like ROP, more than one preparation technology might be needed to achieve week-long or month-long delivery per dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLi Shi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - XiangWei Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Shi X, Lin X, Yao C, Shen L, Feng Y. Injectable long-acting in situ forming systems for Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:553-9. [PMID: 25236608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the area of injectable long-acting formulations, the in situ forming system (ISFS) is an attractive alternative for its various superiorities. In this study, both hydrophilic and hydrophobic in situ forming systems, using Poloxamer and sucrose acetate isobutyrate (SAIB) or poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer (PLGA) as carrier, respectively, were investigated for Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP), a natural anti-myocardial ischemic fructan. A reasonable and applicable range of formulations were selected from each carrier for in vivo study by investigating their rheological property. The results from in vivo evaluation show that relatively promising sustained behaviors were achieved by formulations 24% P407/10% P188, 40% PLGA30k/NMP, and 30% PLGA50k/NMP. Significant differences of drug release kinetics were observed between in situ thermally-induced Poloxamer-based hydrogels and in situ solvent exchange-induced hydrophobic PLGA depots. This suggests that different ISFS could be chosen to provide different application purpose for polysaccharide drugs. In the case of ROP, Poloxamer-based ISFS is promising for short-term acute therapies; however, PLGA-based ISFS might be promising for long-term precaution or/and cure of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLi Shi
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
| | - ChunXia Yao
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Lan Shen
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
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Mono-PEGylated radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide for the treatment of myocardial ischemia. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:629-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Protective effect of the polysaccharide from Ophiopogon japonicus on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:378-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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The optimization of sulfation modification conditions for ophiopogonpolysaccharide based on antiviral activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2012; 51:657-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wang S, Lin X, Wang LY, Ruan KF, Feng Y, Li XY. A polysaccharides MDG-1 augments survival in the ischemic heart by inducing S1P release and S1P1 expression. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 50:734-40. [PMID: 22197795 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Ophiopogon japonicus is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have confirmed the anti-ischemic properties of a water-soluble β-D-fructan (MDG-1) from O. japonicus. The sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling pathway is involved in its cytoprotective effects. Herein, we explore the role of the S1P signaling pathway in the anti-ischemic effect of MDG-1 and assess one possible mechanism by which it induces S1P release and sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P(1)) expression in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and cardiomyocytes. Our evidence demonstrates that MDG-1 promotes sphingosine kinase (SPHK) activity in HMEC-1 cells. An analytical method for measuring the mass of S1P using ESI/MS/MS was developed and we found that MDG-1 increases intracellular S1P levels. Meanwhile, MDG-1 is protective during hypoxia and ischemia through mechanisms that require S1P(1) receptor activation, which was confirmed both in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and coronary artery ligation models by using transfection of cloned human S1P(1) receptor and RNA interference. These data indicate that the increase of intracellular S1P generation, particularly by activation of the SPHK enzyme, coupled with the autocrine and paracrine stimulation of cell surface S1P receptors, is a potential mechanism in the anti-ischemic and cell protective effect of MDG-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai Lun Road, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
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Lin X, Wang ZJ, Huang F, Liang S, Shen L, Feng Y, Ruan KF. Long-circulating delivery of bioactive polysaccharide from radix ophiopogonis by PEGylation. Int J Nanomedicine 2011; 6:2865-72. [PMID: 22131832 PMCID: PMC3224713 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s26306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radix ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) has been found to be effective against myocardial ischemia. One of main problems with its use is its short in-vivo half-life, which makes the development of an effective delivery system necessary. To achieve better therapeutic effects and patient compliance by prolonging its retention in plasma and increasing its distribution in targets, ROP was PEGylated (PEG, polyethylene glycol) in this study. Methods Through a moderate coupling reaction between hydroxyl-activated ROP and amino-terminated methoxy-PEG (mPEG) (30 or 40 kDa), together with a greater than 1 molar ratio of ROP to mPEG in reaction, long-circulating and potentially bioactive PEGylated ROPs, with PEG grafting number of ~1.0, were prepared, characterized, and the pharmacokinetics evaluated. Results Relative to ROP, whose half-life was approximately 0.7 hours, the two conjugates prepared, following intravenous administration, showed markedly prolonged retention in systemic circulation with half-lives in blood of 78.4 and 88.3 hours, respectively. When given subcutaneously, their in-vivo mean residence times were further markedly prolonged by the slow absorption phase. They were found to be well absorbed after subcutaneous administration, with absolute bioavailability being 75.4% and 43.9%, respectively. Conclusion With apparent molecular masses not exceeding 43 kDa, the conjugates prepared have been and will be demonstrated to have prominent advantages for ROP delivery, such as: the good absorption following subcutaneous, intramuscular, or other ways of administration; the effective utilization of the enhanced permeability and retention effect caused by ischemia; and the rapid diffusion within target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hypoglycemic effects of MDG-1, a polysaccharide derived from Ophiopogon japonicas, in the ob/ob mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Biol Macromol 2011; 49:657-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Comparison of tissue distribution of a PEGylated Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in mice with normal and ischemic myocardium. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2011; 79:621-6. [PMID: 21784151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PEGylation was found to be a promising approach to improve the anti-myocardial ischemic activity of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide (ROP) by prolonging its retention in plasma. To fully evaluate the effectiveness and safety of this strategy, the tissue distribution of PEGylated ROP was investigated in this study. A long-circulating and bioactive PEGylated ROP with 1.04 mol 20-kDa mPEG per mol ROP ((1.04)P(20k)-R) was prepared by a moderate coupling reaction between the hydroxyl-activated ROP and the amino-terminated mPEG. Its tissue distribution in mice with normal and ischemic myocardium was studied and compared with ROP. The results show that the descending order of tissue distribution of (1.04)P(20k)-R ranked by AUC was kidney, lung, heart, liver, and brain in normal mice and kidney ≈ lung ≈ heart, liver and brain in mice with myocardial ischemia. With the exception of the heart, myocardial ischemia did not cause obvious changes in the distribution of (1.04)P(20k)-R in the other tissues studied. Owing to the enhanced permeability and retention effect caused by ischemia, the AUC of (1.04)P(20k)-R in ischemic hearts was approximately 1.6-fold greater than in normal hearts. Compared with ROP in rats, the distribution tendency of (1.04)P(20k)-R in mouse kidney, brain, and lung was reduced by approximately 42, 1.6, and 1.3 times, respectively, whereas it was increased by approximately 1.3-fold in the liver. The results of this study are highly instructive for the further pharmaceutical development of PEGylated ROP.
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Chen X, Jin J, Tang J, Wang Z, Wang J, Jin L, Lu J. Extraction, purification, characterization and hypoglycemic activity of a polysaccharide isolated from the root of Ophiopogon japonicus. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lin X, Wang Z, Sun G, Shen L, Xu D, Feng Y. A sensitive and specific HPGPC-FD method for the study of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2010; 24:820-5. [PMID: 20020416 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Interest in antimyocardial ischemic activity of a graminan-type fructan with a weight average molecular weight of 4.8 kDa extracted from Radix Ophiopogonis (ROP) has necessitated the study of its pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution. For that, a simple HPGPC-FD method was developed for the sensitive and specific determination of FITC-ROP (fluorescein-isothiocyanate-labeled ROP) in plasma and rat tissues (heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, brain and stomach). The analyte was separated on a Shodex Sugar KS-802 high-performance gel column with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and fluorescence detection at lambda(ex) 495 nm and lambda(em) 515 nm. The calibration curve for FITC-ROP was linear over the range 0.25-20.0 or 50.0 microg/mL in all studied biosamples with correlation coefficients > 0.995. The inter-day and intra-day precisions of analysis were not more than 10%, and assay accuracy ranged from 93 to 105% for plasma and from 89 to 108% for tissue homogenates. This method has been confirmed here to be suitable for the study of pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of ROP and the achieved results are highly instructive for the further pharmaceutical development of ROP, suggesting the promising application of the method to the increasingly important carbohydrate-based drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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Wang S, Zhang Z, Lin X, Xu DS, Feng Y, Ding K. A polysaccharide, MDG-1, induces S1P1 and bFGF expression and augments survival and angiogenesis in the ischemic heart. Glycobiology 2009; 20:473-84. [PMID: 20008963 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ophiopogon japonicus is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have confirmed its beneficial properties, but not the mechanism of action. Herein, we investigate the anti-ischemic properties of a water-soluble beta-d-fructan (MDG-1) from Ophiopogon japonicus, and assess the cytoprotective and proangiogenic effects of MDG-1. MDG-1 protects cardiomyocyte and microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) against oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cell death, as well as protect myocardial cells from ischemia-induced death occurring after coronary artery ligation in rats. Meanwhile, MDG-1 stimulates the differentiation of HMEC-1 cells into capillary-like structures in vitro and functions as a chemoattractant in migration assays, and promotes neovascularization in ischemic myocardium. In addition, MDG-1 upregulates sphingosine kinase 1 and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor 1 expression. Both MDG-1 and S1P induce basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression in HMEC-1 cells. Further study revealed that both MDG-1 and S1P induce Akt and ERK phosphorylation in a dose- and time-dependent manner, an effect that is attenuated by pre-treatment with either the Akt inhibitor wortmannin or the ERK inhibitor PD98059, and MDG-1 can also induce eNOS phosphorylation and increases in production of NO. These data indicate that MDG-1 presented remarkable anti-ischemic activity and protects cardiomyocyte and HMEC-1 cells from ischemia-induced cell damage by inducing S1P1 and bFGF cytoprotective and proangiogenic effects via the S1P/bFGF/Akt/ERK/eNOS signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of TCM, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, People's Republic of China
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