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Saeed M, Munawar M, Bi JB, Ahmed S, Ahmad MZ, Kamboh AA, Arain MA, Naveed M, Chen H. Promising phytopharmacology, nutritional potential, health benefits, and traditional usage of Tribulus terrestris L. herb. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25549. [PMID: 38375303 PMCID: PMC10875386 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicines are becoming more popular as people become more aware of the dangers of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Tribulus terrestris L., (Gokharu) an annual herbaceous plant, has been extensively utilized by herbalists for numerous medicinal purposes. T. terrestris has been studied for its multiple therapeutic effects, including immunomodulatory, aphrodisiac, anti-urolithic, absorption enhancer, cardioprotective, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, neuro-protective, anticancer, and analgesic properties. Saponins and flavonoids are two examples of beneficial substances that have recently been found in T. terrestris. These chemicals are very important for a variety of therapeutic effects. Numerous studies have shown that T. terrestris products and various parts may have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, testosterone-boosting, and liver protective effects. According to the published evidence, T. terrestris boosts testosterone secretion, regulates blood pressure, and protects the human body against injuries. The cardiovascular, reproductive, and urinary systems are all severely impacted. Due to its potent bioactive compounds, the literature evaluated from a wide range of sources including books, reports, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, and other databases demonstrated the extraordinary potential to treat numerous human and animal ailments. Our review is different from other published articles because we explored its importance for humans and especially in veterinary like poultry health. It could also be used as an aphrodisiac to treat different fertility-related disorders in human and animal science. More research into the pharmacodynamics of herbs like T. terrestris is needed so that it can be used in a wider variety of nutraceutical products for humans and poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Mahzaib Munawar
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jannat Bi Bi
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Shabbir Ahmed
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | | | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Arain
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Semerdjieva IB, Zheljazkov VD. Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19868394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) (puncturevine) is a common weed that grows in many countries worldwide and in some places is considered as a noxious weed. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicines and is now considered as one of the most popular aphrodisiacs. It is known for its healing properties for sexual difficulties, impotence, and human and animal hormonal imbalance. It is also used as a sexual booster. Because of the plant’s active substances that can be used for curing sexual and other disorders, interest in it is increasing, and it is currently one of the most studied medicinal plants. The products and preparations manufactured from the aboveground plant parts are especially popular among athletes and people with health issues and diseases such as hormonal imbalance, sexual problems, heart problems, and various kidney and skin diseases. The aim of this review is a comprehensive and critical assessment of the scientific publications involving TT, with special reference to its chemical constituents and biological properties that may facilitate current understanding and future studies of this fascinating plant species. The objectives of this review were (1) to find knowledge gaps, (2) to discuss critically relevant publications and issues with materials and methods that may be prerequisites for contradictory results, and (3) to identify research and development areas. It was found that some of the studies on TT extracts as aphrodisiacs are controversial. A significant number of research publications claim that TT extracts and nutritional supplements containing TT improve muscle tone, have a common biostimulating effect, and improve spermogenesis. However, there are a growing number of publications that dispute these claims, as there are no empirical data on commonly accepted mechanisms of action. The main biologically active substances in TT are steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignan amides, the most studied being the steroidal saponins. Multiyear data on the metabolic profile of the species are generally lacking. There are a variety of methods used for extracting plant material, differences in methodologies and saponin analyses, and scientific instruments that were used. Lack of common standards could be a reason for differences in the pharmacological activity and composition of the TT preparations. Development of standard procedures and methods for collection of plant material and analyses are recommended. Selection and breeding efforts and agronomic studies of promising clones of TT would need to be conducted in order to develop TT as a new crop. This will provide consistency of supply and quality of the feedstock for the pharmaceutical industry and could provide a new cash crop for growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Kang LP, Wu KL, Yu HS, Pang X, Liu J, Han LF, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Xiong CQ, Song XB, Liu C, Cong YW, Ma BP. Steroidal saponins from Tribulus terrestris. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 107:182-189. [PMID: 25172515 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 05/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sixteen steroidal saponins, including seven previously unreported compounds, were isolated from Tribulus terrestris. The structures of the saponins were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical methods. They were identified as: 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-2α,3β,22α,26-tetrol-12-one (terrestrinin C), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin D), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,6,12-trione (terrestrinin E), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-5α-furostan-3β,22α,26-triol-12-one (terrestrinin F), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-12β,22α,26-triol-3-one (terrestrinin G), 26-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-4-en-22α,26-diol-3,12-dione (terrestrinin H), and 24-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(25S)-5α-spirostan-3β,24β-diol-12-one-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-d-galactopyranoside (terrestrinin I). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their platelet aggregation activities. Three of the known saponins exhibited strong effects on the induction of platelet aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Kang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China; State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ke-Lei Wu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - He-Shui Yu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China; Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Xu Pang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Li-Feng Han
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Cheng-Qi Xiong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xin-Bo Song
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yu-Wen Cong
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Bai-Ping Ma
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China.
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Chhatre S, Nesari T, Somani G, Kanchan D, Sathaye S. Phytopharmacological overview of Tribulus terrestris. Pharmacogn Rev 2014; 8:45-51. [PMID: 24600195 PMCID: PMC3931200 DOI: 10.4103/0973-7847.125530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tribulus terrestris (family Zygophyllaceae), commonly known as Gokshur or Gokharu or puncture vine, has been used for a long time in both the Indian and Chinese systems of medicine for treatment of various kinds of diseases. Its various parts contain a variety of chemical constituents which are medicinally important, such as flavonoids, flavonol glycosides, steroidal saponins, and alkaloids. It has diuretic, aphrodisiac, antiurolithic, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, absorption enhancing, hypolipidemic, cardiotonic, central nervous system, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antispasmodic, anticancer, antibacterial, anthelmintic, larvicidal, and anticariogenic activities. For the last few decades or so, extensive research work has been done to prove its biological activities and the pharmacology of its extracts. The aim of this review is to create a database for further investigations of the discovered phytochemical and pharmacological properties of this plant to promote research. This will help in confirmation of its traditional use along with its value-added utility, eventually leading to higher revenues from the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Chhatre
- Department of Dravyaguana, Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research in Ayurveda, Tilak Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Tanuja Nesari
- Department of Dravyaguana, Centre for Post Graduate Studies and Research in Ayurveda, Tilak Ayurveda Mahavidyalaya, Pune, India
| | - Gauresh Somani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Divya Kanchan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sadhana Sathaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Pharmacology Research Lab-II, Institute of Chemical Technology, (University under Section 3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status and Centre of Excellence - Government of Maharashtra, TEQIP Phase II Funded), Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Hong SS, Choi YH, Jeong W, Kwon JG, Kim JK, Seo C, Ahn EK, Lee HH, Ko HJ, Seo DW, Oh JS. Two new furostanol glycosides from the fruits of Tribulus terrestris. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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