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Barua S, Mutsuddi R, Sultana S, Islam MSMM, Das S, Mostafa M, Chakraborty D, Rahman IMM. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ship breaking area and associated ecological risk assessment: evidence from the Sitakund ship-breaking area in Bangladesh. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-34569-z. [PMID: 39126587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34569-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Ship-breaking yards are recognized for releasing hazardous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), leading to severe environmental pollution in the sediment of ship-breaking areas. This study assessed the concentrations of 16 priority PAHs in surface sediments collected from the intertidal zone adjacent to the Sitakund ship-breaking yards. The samples underwent Soxhlet extraction and detection using PerkinElmer GC-Clarus 690 and MS-Clarus SQ8C with an Elite-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm ID × 0.25 µm). The study utilized PAH concentrations to reveal spatial distribution patterns, identify point sources, and assess potential toxicity. The total PAH concentration ranged from 1899.2 to 156,800.08 ng g-1 dw, while the concentration of 7 carcinogenic PAHs ranged from 822.03 to 1899.15 ng g-1 dw. High molecular weight PAHs dominated among the 16 PAHs, whereas low molecular weight PAHs, such as 2-ring PAHs, were negligible. Source characterization based on different molecular ratios suggested that PAHs in the area originated from pyrolytic processes related to ship dismantling, fishing activities, and water transportation for people. The observed PAH concentrations exceeded both national and international standards for sedimentary PAH levels, indicating significant ecological risks. The total TEQcarc values of sediment samples varied from 564.41 to 10,695.12 ng g-1, with a mean value of 3091.25 ng g-1. The study's findings underscore the immediate biological damage that PAH contamination in the Sitakund ship-breaking area could cause, emphasizing the need for effective control measures to ensure ecological and human safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Barua
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh.
| | - Rajesh Mutsuddi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Sabrina Sultana
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Samrat Mohay Menul Islam
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Suman Das
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Mostafa
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Dipankar Chakraborty
- Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram, 4220, Bangladesh
| | - Ismail M M Rahman
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima City, Fukushima, 960-1296, Japan
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2
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Aso RE, Obuekwe IS. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: underpinning the contribution of specialist microbial species to contaminant mitigation in the soil. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:654. [PMID: 38913190 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12778-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of PAHs poses a significant challenge for conventional remediation approaches, necessitating the exploration of alternative, sustainable strategies for their mitigation. This review underscores the vital role of specialized microbial species (nitrogen-fixing, phosphate-solubilizing, and biosurfactant-producing bacteria) in tackling the environmental impact of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These resistant compounds demand innovative remediation strategies. The study explores microbial metabolic capabilities for converting complex PAHs into less harmful byproducts, ensuring sustainable mitigation. Synthesizing literature from 2016 to 2023, it covers PAH characteristics, sources, and associated risks. Degradation mechanisms by bacteria and fungi, key species, and enzymatic processes are examined. Nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria contributions in symbiotic relationships with plants are highlighted. Biosurfactant-producing bacteria enhance PAH solubility, expanding microbial accessibility for degradation. Cutting-edge trends in omics technologies, synthetic biology, genetic engineering, and nano-remediation offer promising avenues. Recommendations emphasize genetic regulation, field-scale studies, sustainability assessments, interdisciplinary collaboration, and knowledge dissemination. These insights pave the way for innovative, sustainable PAH-contaminated environment restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufus Emamoge Aso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Sarah Obuekwe
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria.
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3
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Masood N, Alkhadher SAA, Magam SM, Halimoon N, Alsukaibi A, Zakaria MP, Vaezzadeh V, Keshavarzifard M, Maisara S, Khaled Bin Break M. Monitoring of linear alkyl benzenes (LABs) in riverine and estuarine sediments in Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:3687-3702. [PMID: 34697724 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this a pioneering research is to investigate linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) as biomarkers of sewage pollution in sediments collected from four rivers and estuaries of the south and east of Peninsular Malaysia. The sediment samples went through soxhlet extraction, two-step column chromatography purification, fractionation and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA) with multivariate linear regression (MLR) was used as well for source apportionment of LABs. The results of this study showed that total LAB concentration was 36-1196 ng g-1dw. The internal to external isomer ratios (I/E ratio) of LABs were from 0.56 to 3.12 indicated release of raw sewage and primary and secondary effluents into the environment of south and east of Peninsular Malaysia. Our research supported that continuous monitoring of sewage pollution to limit the environmental pollution in riverine and estuarine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Masood
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen.
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sadeq A A Alkhadher
- Micro-pollutant Research Centre (MPRC), Cluster of Water and Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400, Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia
- Yemen Standardization, Metrology and Quality Control Organization (YSMQ), Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Sami M Magam
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah City, Yemen
- Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, 1560, Hail City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Normala Halimoon
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdulmohsen Alsukaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vahab Vaezzadeh
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong-Hong Kong Macao Joint Laboratory for Environmental Pollution and Control, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute,, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, 75169-89177, Iran
| | - Sawsan Maisara
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Khaled Bin Break
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, 81411, Saudi Arabia
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Sharifi R, Keshavarzifard M, Sharifinia M, Zakaria MP, Mehr MR, Abbasi S, Yap CK, Yousefi MR, Masood N, Magam SM, Alkhadher SAA, Daliri M. Source apportionment and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coastal ecosystem of the Brunei Bay, Brunei. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 181:113913. [PMID: 35810648 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pollution characteristics and associated ecological risks of PAHs in sediments from Brunei Bay, Brunei were investigated. The concentrations of ∑16 PAHs ranged from 826.7 to 2955.3 μg kg-1, indicating moderate to high level of pollution. Source apportionment of PAHs by molecular isomeric ratios and positive matrix factorization model indicated impact of potential anthropogenic PAH sources including combustion of biomass and fossil fuels. The data indicated relatively no significant ecotoxicological risk for most of PAH compounds. To estimate the individual c-PAH toxicity, the toxic equivalent quantity (c-TEQ) was calculated. Results of the TEQ analysis showed that BaP followed by DBA and BaA are the most carcinogenic of PAHs examined in the study area. The evaluation of human health risk of PAHs revealed that the cancer risk of PAHs for adults and children was higher than the USEPA threshold (<1E-06) and lower than 1E-3, implying low to moderate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Sharifi
- University of Applied Science and Technology, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran.
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Environmental Forensics Research Center, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra, Malaysia
| | - Meisam Rastegari Mehr
- Department of Applied Geology, Faculty of Earth Science, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15614, Iran
| | - Sajjad Abbasi
- Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71454, Iran; Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin 20-031, Poland
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Reza Yousefi
- School of Chemical Engineering University of Zanjan, University Blvd, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Najat Masood
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 55471, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Muhsen Magam
- Basic Science Department, Preparatory Year, University of Ha'il, 1560 Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Moslem Daliri
- Fisheries Department, Faculty of Marine Sciences and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Ghasemi M, Keshavarzifard M. Are the tourist beaches safe for swimming? A case study of health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in tourist beaches of Bushehr City. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:398. [PMID: 35488981 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The aims of the present research were to evaluate the health risk of long-term exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) concerning the human, ecotoxicological risk for marine biota, and identify their possible sources. Surface sediment bioassay samples were collected from 15 stations of tourist beaches surrounding Bushehr City and analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results indicated the concentrations of ∑PAH ranged from 193.5 to 725.5 ng g-1 with mean value of 351.1 ± 155.2 ng g-1, which could be considered as moderate level of pollution. Measured levels of PAH in sediments were compared with sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), indicating low to medium ecotoxicological risk on marine organisms. Moreover, mean ERM quotient (M-ERM-Q) and mean PEL quotient (M-PEL-Q) were implemented, demonstrating potentially biological adverse effects. A preliminary evaluation of human health risk using incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) indicated that PAH-contaminated sediment in some stations of touristic beaches of Bushehr City would induce potential carcinogenic effects especially for children. Composition and diagnostic analysis indicated that PAHs originated from both pyrogenic and petrogenic, with higher portion of incomplete combustion PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Ghasemi
- Department of Geography and Tourism Planning, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), 75169-89177, Bushehr, Iran.
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6
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Yan XT, Zhang Y, Zhou Y, Li GH, Feng XS. Source, Sample Preparation, Analytical and Inhibition Methods of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Food (Update since 2015). SEPARATION & PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2021.1977321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ting Yan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guo-hui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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7
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Keshavarzifard M, Vazirzadeh A, Sharifinia M. Occurrence and characterization of microplastics in white shrimp, Metapenaeus affinis, living in a habitat highly affected by anthropogenic pressures, northwest Persian Gulf. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112581. [PMID: 34111606 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are a modern societal concern and recognized as a growing environmental hazard by careless disposal. This study aimed to assess the MPs content in white shrimp (Metapenaeus affinis) inhabiting in a natural habitat affected by high anthropogenic pressures, and recognize if the shrimp could be a suitable bioindicator for MPs pollution. To assess spatial changes of MPs presence in shrimps, sampling was carried out by a trawl net from 13 stations across the entire Musa Bay. Tissues of shrimps were examined for MPs following floatation, digestion, microscopic observation and identified by Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. MPs were observed in the shrimps of all stations. The average MPs abundance was 1.02 items/g of digestive tissues. About 37% of recorded MPs in M. affinis samples exceeding 500 μm that could be related to surface area and stickiness as notable controls beyond ingestion. The dominant shape of MPs was fiber, followed by film. Five different colors were recorded in tissues of M. affinis samples, and the white/transparent MPs were the most abundant, followed by blue and black. In addition, a wide range of recorded colors of MPs in the study area could suggest a variety of sources of MPs. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy confirmed that polyethylene terephthalate (46%), polypropylene (27%) and polystyrene (27%) were dominant polymers. As the average annually consumption of shrimp in the region is 2.3 g/person/day, therefore each person could consume 857 MPs per year. In conclusion, the results of this research provide a detailed and useful information for a better understanding of MPs contamination in the region and suggest Jinga shrimp as a suitable species for monitoring MPs in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran
| | - Arya Vazirzadeh
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Engineering, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441-65186, Iran.
| | - Moslem Sharifinia
- Shrimp Research Center, Iranian Fisheries Sciences Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr 75169-89177, Iran.
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8
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Pang SY, Tay JH, Suratman S, Simoneit BRT, Mohd Tahir N. Input of organic matter in Brunei Bay, East Malaysia, as indicated by sedimentary steroids and multivariate statistics. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 156:111269. [PMID: 32510409 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Brunei Bay is one of the most important marine environments of East Malaysia (South China Sea), covering many productive ecosystems with activities including fisheries, tourism, and main shipping lanes for petroleum transfers. Evaluation of the sources and distributions of steroids in the surface sedimentary organic matter was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The concentrations of the total identified sterols (TIS) ranged between 0.81 and 12.69 μg g-1 dry weight, and the total sterones were between 0.11 and 5.66 μg g-1 dry weight. The coprostanol level was comparatively low (<0.10 μg g-1), and the multi-biomarker proxies indicated that the region did not exhibit significant contamination from sewage effluents. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the coastal environment of the study area was dominated by allochthonous (mainly terrestrial) organic matter input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swee Yun Pang
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Joo Hui Tay
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Malaysia
| | - Suhaimi Suratman
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Bernd R T Simoneit
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Norhayati Mohd Tahir
- Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
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9
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Dadrasnia A, Maikudi Usman M, Tzin Lim K, Farahiyah FH, binti Mohd Rodzhan NS, Abdul Karim SH, Ismail S. Bio-Enhancement of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Polluted Soil Using Newly Isolated Bacteria. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2018.1454966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arezoo Dadrasnia
- Institute of Research Management and Services, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Maikudi Usman
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria
| | - Kang Tzin Lim
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fairuz Hanani Farahiyah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Salmah Ismail
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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10
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Zhang X, Wang S, Chen H, Guo Q, Li L, Luo G. Aromatic Structural Characterization of Different-Rank Vitrinites: Using HRTEM, XRD and AFM. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2019.1676267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Zhang
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, P.R China
| | - Shaoqing Wang
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, P.R China
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, P.R China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Mengdong Energy Holding Co., Ltd, Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia, P.R China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, P.R China
| | - Guolin Luo
- College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, P.R China
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Masood N, Halimoon N, Aris AZ, Zakaria MP, Vaezzadeh V, Magam SM, Mustafa S, Ali MM, Keshavarzifard M, Alkhadher SAA, Bong CW, Alsalahi MA. Seasonal variability of anthropogenic indices of PAHs in sediment from the Kuala Selangor River, west coast Peninsular Malaysia. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2551-2572. [PMID: 29802607 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0122-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increase in industrialization and urbanization in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia has led to the intense release of petroleum and products of petroleum into the environment. Surface sediment samples were collected from the Selangor River in the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia during four climatic seasons and analyzed for PAHs and biomarkers (hopanes). Sediments were soxhlet extracted and further purified and fractionated through first and second step column chromatography. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for analysis of PAHs and hopanes fractions. The average concentrations of total PAHs ranged from 219.7 to 672.3 ng g-1 dw. The highest concentrations of PAHs were detected at 964.7 ng g-1 dw in station S5 in the mouth of the Selangor River during the wet inter-monsoonal season. Both pyrogenic and petrogenic PAHs were detected in the sediments with a predominance of the former. The composition of hopanes was homogeneous showing that petroleum hydrocarbons share an identical source in the study area. Diagnostic ratios of hopanes indicated that some of the sediment samples carry the crankcase oil signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najat Masood
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Normala Halimoon
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Zaharin Aris
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vahab Vaezzadeh
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sami M Magam
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shuhaimi Mustafa
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 4300, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Masni Mohd Ali
- School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Sadeq Abdullah Abdo Alkhadher
- Environmental Forensics Laboratory, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chui Wei Bong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Murad Ali Alsalahi
- Department of Marine Chemistry and Pollution, Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen
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12
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Keshavarzifard M, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Sharifi R. Distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in intertidal sediment of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:721-735. [PMID: 28856501 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-017-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surface sediment samples were collected from intertidal zone of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf, to investigate distribution, sources and health risk of sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 81.2 μg kg-1 dry weight, which can be categorized as low level of pollution. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed that PAHs originated from both petrogenic and pyrogenic sources with slight pyrogenic dominance. Source apportionment using principal component analysis indicated that the main sources of PAHs were fossil fuel combustion (33.59%), traffic-related PAHs (32.77%), biomass and coal combustion (18.54%) and petrogenic PAHs (9.31%). According to the results from the sediment quality guidelines, mean effects range-median quotient (M-ERM-Q) and benzo[a]pyrene toxic equivalents (BaPeq), low negative ecological risks related to PAH compounds would occur in the intertidal zone of Asaluyeh. The total benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) toxic equivalent quotient (TEQcarc) for carcinogenic compounds ranged from 0.01 to 7 μg kg-1-BaPeq, indicating low carcinogenic risk. The human health risk assessment of PAH compounds via ingestion and dermal pathways suggests low and moderate potential risk to human health, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Medical Geology Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Medical Geology Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Medical Geology Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Sharifi
- Medical Geology Research Center, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Earth Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Keshavarzifard M, Moore F, Keshavarzi B, Sharifi R. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment and sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) from the intertidal ecosystem of the northern Persian Gulf: Distribution, sources, and bioavailability. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:373-380. [PMID: 28899598 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, sources and bioavailability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediment and sea urchin (Echinometra mathaei) from the intertidal zone of the northern Persian Gulf were investigated. Total PAH concentrations varied from 12.8 to 81.25 and from 16.7 to 35 μgKg-1 dry weight in sediment and Echinometra mathaei, respectively. The PAH concentrations can be classified as low. Source identification and apportionment using diagnostic ratios and principal component analysis demonstrate that the combustion of fossil fuels, road traffic, combustion of natural gas and biomass, and oil spill could be considered as the main sources of PAH contamination. The first PAH biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) data from sediment to Echinometra mathaei in the intertidal zone of the northern Persian Gulf were calculated, indicating accumulation of both lower and higher molecular weight PAHs, with a preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Medical Geology Research Center, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Farid Moore
- Medical Geology Research Center, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behnam Keshavarzi
- Medical Geology Research Center, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Sharifi
- Medical Geology Research Center, Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Keshavarzifard M, Zakaria MP, Sharifi R. Ecotoxicological and Health Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Short-Neck Clam (Paphia undulata) and Contaminated Sediments in Malacca Strait, Malaysia. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 73:474-487. [PMID: 28497299 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-017-0410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The distribution, sources, and human health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediment and the edible tissue of short-neck clam (Paphia undulata) from mudflat ecosystem in the west coast of Malaysia were investigated. The concentrations of ∑16 PAHs varied from 347.05 to 6207.5 and 179.32 to 1657.5 ng g-1 in sediment and short-neck clam samples, respectively. The calculations of mean PEL quotients (mean-PELQs) showed that the ecological risk of PAHs in the sediment samples was low to moderate-high level, whereas the total health risk through ingestion and dermal contact was considerably high. The PAHs biota sediment accumulation factors data for short-neck clam were obtained in this study, indicating a preferential accumulation of lower molecular weight PAHs. The source apportionment of PAHs in sediment using positive matrix factorization model indicated that the highest contribution to the PAHs was from diesel emissions (30.38%) followed by oil and oil derivate and incomplete coal combustion (23.06%), vehicular emissions (16.43%), wood combustion (15.93%), and natural gas combustion (14.2%). A preliminary evaluation of human health risk using chronic daily intake, hazard index, benzo[a]pyrene-equivalent (BaPeq) concentration, and the incremental lifetime cancer risk indicated that PAHs in short-neck clam would induce potential carcinogenic effects in the consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrzad Keshavarzifard
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
- Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria
- Environmental Forensics Research Center (ENFORCE), Faculty of Environmental Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences (IOES), University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Reza Sharifi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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