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Zhang J, Wang S, Wang X, Jiao W, Zhang M, Ma F. A review of functions and mechanisms of clay soil conditioners and catalysts in thermal remediation compared to emerging photo-thermal catalysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 147:22-35. [PMID: 39003042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
High temperatures and providing sufficient time for the thermal desorption of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) from contaminated clay soils can lead to intensive energy consumption. Therefore, this article provides a critical review of the potential additives which can improve soil texture and increase the volatility of POPs, and then discusses their enhanced mechanisms for contributing to a green economy. Ca-based additives have been used to reduce plasticity of bentonite clay, absorb water and replenish system heat. In contrast, non-Ca-based additives have been used to decrease the plasticity of kaolin clay. The soil structure and soil plasticity can be changed through cation exchange and flocculation processes. The transition metal oxides and alkali metal oxides can be applied to catalyze and oxidize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petroleum and emerging contaminants. In this system, reactive oxygen species (•O2- and •OH) are generated from thermal excitation without strong chemical oxidants. Moreover, multiple active ingredients in recycled solid wastes can be controlled to reduce soil plasticity and enhance thermal catalysis. Alternatively, the alkali, nano zero-valent iron and nano-TiN can catalyze hydrodechlorination of POPs under reductive conditions. Especially, photo and photo-thermal catalysis are discussed to accelerate replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy in thermal remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wentao Jiao
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghua Zhang
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Fujun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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2
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Yan X, An J, Zhang Y, Wei S, He W, Zhou Q. Photochemical degradation in natural attenuation of characteristics of petroleum hydrocarbons (C 10-C 40) in crude oil polluted soil by simulated long term solar irradiation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 460:132259. [PMID: 37633018 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Photodegradation process plays an important role in the natural attenuation of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) in oil contaminated soil. The photodegradation characteristics of PHs (C10-C40) in topsoil of crude oil contaminated soil irradiated by simulated sunlight in 280 d without microbial action were investigated. The results showed that photodegradation rate of PHs was increased with increasing the light intensity and decreased with increasing the initial concentration of PHs. Moreover, the photodegradation capacity of tested PHs was relevant to the length of carbon chain. The photodegradation rates of C10-C20 were higher than that of C21-C40 in photoperiod. C21-C40 showed an obvious trend of photodegradation after 56 d, although their photodegradation rates were less than 20% at the early stage. And, the redundancy analysis indicated that lighting time was the primary factor for photodegradation of PHs under abiotic conditions. The photodegradation rate was well interpreted by a two-stage, first-order kinetic law with a faster initial photolysis rate. The EPR spectrums showed that simulated solar irradiation accelerated the generation of superoxide radicals, which could react with PHs in soil. Also, the function groups in PHs polluted soil were changed after light exposure, which might imply the possible photodegradation pathway of PHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuxiu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing An
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Contaminated Soil Remediation by Bio-physicochemical Synergistic Process, Shenyang 110142, China.
| | - Yanzi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shuhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenxiang He
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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An S, Kim K, Woo H, Yun ST, Chung J, Lee S. Coupled effect of porous network and water content on the natural attenuation of diesel in unsaturated soils. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134804. [PMID: 35533929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural attenuation potential of a vadose zone against diesel is critical for optimizing remedial actions and determining groundwater vulnerability to contamination. Here, diesel attenuation in unsaturated soils was systematically examined to develop a qualitative relationship between physical soil properties and the natural attenuation capacity of a vadose zone against diesel. The uniformity coefficient (Cu) and water saturation (Sw, %) were considered as the proxies reflecting the degree of effects by porous network and water content in different soils, respectively. These, in turn, are related to the primary diesel attenuation mechanisms of volatilization and biodegradation. The volatilization of diesel was inversely proportional to Cu and Sw, which could be attributed to effective pore channels facilitating gas transport. Conversely, biodegradation was highly proportional to Cu under unsaturated conditions (Sw = 35-71%), owing to nutrients typically associated with fine soil particles. The microbial community in unsaturated soils was affected by Sw rather than Cu. The overall diesel attenuation including volatilization and biodegradation was optimized at Sw = 35% for all tested soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongnam An
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea; Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea
| | - Kibeum Kim
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Heesoo Woo
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea
| | - Seong-Taek Yun
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, South Korea
| | - Jaeshik Chung
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea.
| | - Seunghak Lee
- Water Cycle Research Center, National Agenda Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea; Division of Energy and Environmental Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, South Korea; Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST GREEN SCHOOL), Korea University, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Dutta V, Devasia J, Chauhan A, M J, L VV, Jha A, Nizam A, Lin KYA, Ghotekar S. Photocatalytic nanomaterials: Applications for remediation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and green management. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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Cheng P, Lin Z, Zhao X, Waigi MG, Vasilyeva GK, Gao Y. Enhanced transformation capability towards benzo(a)pyrene by Fe(III)-modified manganese oxides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 431:128637. [PMID: 35278963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese oxides (Mn oxides) are ubiquitous and may coexist with Fe(III) ions in soil environments. In this study, acid birnessite, alkaline birnessite, cryptomelane, pyrolusite, manganite, and their Fe(III)-modified analogues were synthesized and used for benzo(a)pyrene transformation. Fe-modified Mn oxides show a markedly enhanced transformation capability towards benzo(a)pyrene. Specifically, the benzo(a)pyrene transformation rate constants k for Bir-H, Bir-OH, Cry, Pyr, and Man were 0.49, 0.080, 0.0071, 0.0055, and 0.0022 h-1, respectively. After Fe(III) modification, the transformation rate constants were increased to 22, 2.7, 0.25, 0.0072 and 0.0098 h-1, respectively. Fe(III)-modified layered birnessites exhibited better activity than Fe(III)-modified tunnel Mn oxides, which was attributed to their high Fe(III) contents and abundant active free radicals. Fe(III) was found to accept electrons from benzo(a)pyrene, thereby accelerating the benzo(a)pyrene transformation. Moreover, modification with Fe(III) increased the surface adsorbed water and oxygen, and promoted the generation of active free radicals. Finally, the physicochemical and biochemical properties of transformation products showed the environmental benefits of this process. Overall, the results indicate that the occurrence of Fe(III) ions could promote the removal of PAHs in Mn oxides-rich soils, and this study provides a credible understanding of PAH fates in natural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Cheng
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhipeng Lin
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuqiang Zhao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Michael Gatheru Waigi
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Galina K Vasilyeva
- Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
| | - Yanzheng Gao
- Institute of Organic Contaminant Control and Soil Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Mazarji M, Minkina T, Sushkova S, Mandzhieva S, Bidhendi GN, Barakhov A, Bhatnagar A. Effect of nanomaterials on remediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-contaminated soils: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 284:112023. [PMID: 33540196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of toxic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil is always an important topic since exposure to contaminated soil with carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic potential can result in serious health effects. With respect to the remediation of PAHs contaminated soil, nanomaterials (NMs) have recently received a great deal of attention due to the special characteristics arising from their nanoscale sizes. However, the usefulness and potency of these NMs depend on their adaption to specific site conditions and soil properties. Since there is no comprehensive review of the applications of NMs, it is of great importance to analyze, discuss, and interpret the latest progress in the application of NMs for the remediation of contaminated soils containing PAHs. This overview essentially captures the novel advances made in nano zero valent-iron (nZVI), metal oxides, carbon-based NMs, and polymer-based materials. Each characteristic of NMs that contributes to the enhancement of the process is highlighted. Moreover, operational conditions in which the best-obtained results are achieved qualitatively summarize. This review is also given special attention to the type of soil and pollutant, which are major influential factors to affect the performance of the process. Furthermore, the potential implication of NMs and PAHs on soil properties is reviewed in terms of the changes in migration behavior of pollutants, plant phytotoxicity, and soil microbial community composition. Discussion on future perspectives is presented on the use and prospects for the application of NMs in contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amit Bhatnagar
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, Mikkeli, FI-50130, Finland
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Ni Z, Zhang C, Wang Z, Zhao S, Fan X, Jia H. Performance and potential mechanism of transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on various iron oxides. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 403:123993. [PMID: 33265030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The abiotic transformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is significantly impacted by soil components, especially inorganic redox species like iron oxides. In this study, the catalytic activities of three types of iron oxides in PAHs degradation without light irradiation were evaluated using a combination of experimental techniques. The results showed that α-Fe2O3 possessed the highest transformation rate for anthracene (ANT), with a reaction rate constant (Kobs) up to 0.28 d-1, followed by Fe3O4 (Kobs = 0.06 d-1) and α-FeOOH (Kobs = 0.06 d-1). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization suggested that α-Fe2O3 had the highest oxygen vacancy concentration, which was conducive to the adsorption of O2 by α-Fe2O3, providing sufficient adsorbed oxygen species. Oxygen vacancy contributed to the exposure of Fe(III), and accordingly, more active sites were created that were responsible for ANT degradation. According to these results, two possible pathways for the degradation of PAHs on iron oxides can be concluded: (1) direct oxidation by Fe(III) and (2) oxidation by the O2•- generated onto oxygen vacancies. This study provides significant insights into the environmental fate of PAHs on iron oxides, and raises the possibility that iron oxides may be used as catalytic materials in the remediation PAHs-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Ni
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Song Zhao
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoyun Fan
- Jinan University, School of Environment, Guangdong Province Key Lab Environment Pollution & Health, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hanzhong Jia
- College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China; Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Estuaries of Two Rivers of the Sea of Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176019. [PMID: 32824924 PMCID: PMC7503489 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The seasonal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) variability was studied in the estuaries of the Partizanskaya River and the Tumen River, the largest transboundary river of the Sea of Japan. The PAH levels were generally low over the year; however, the PAH concentrations increased according to one of two seasonal trends, which were either an increase in PAHs during the cold period, influenced by heating, or a PAH enrichment during the wet period due to higher run-off inputs. The major PAH source was the combustion of fossil fuels and biomass, but a minor input of petrogenic PAHs in some seasons was observed. Higher PAH concentrations were observed in fresh and brackish water compared to the saline waters in the Tumen River estuary, while the PAH concentrations in both types of water were similar in the Partizanskaya River estuary, suggesting different pathways of PAH input into the estuaries. The annual riverine PAH mass flux amounted to 0.028 t/year and 2.5 t/year for the Partizanskaya River and the Tumen River, respectively. The riverine PAH contribution to the coastal water of the Sea of Japan depends on the river discharge rather than the PAH level in the river water.
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