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Fattahi M, Hsu CY, Ali AO, Mahmoud ZH, Dang N, Kianfar E. Severe plastic deformation: Nanostructured materials, metal-based and polymer-based nanocomposites: A review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22559. [PMID: 38107327 PMCID: PMC10724578 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant deformation of the metal structure can be achieved without breaking or cracking the metal. There are several methods for deformation of metal plastics. The most important of these methods are angular channel pressing process, high-pressure torsion, multidirectional forging process, extrusion-cyclic compression process, cumulative climbing connection process, consecutive concreting and smoothing method, high-pressure pipe torsion. The nanocomposite is a multiphase material which the size of one of its phases is less than 100 nm in at least one dimension. Due to some unique properties, metal-based nanocomposites are widely used in engineering applications such as the automotive and aerospace industries. Polymer-based nanocomposites are two-phase systems with polymer-based and reinforcing phases (usually ceramic). These materials have a simpler synthesis process than metal-based nanocomposites and are used in a variety of applications such as the aerospace industry, gas pipelines, and sensors. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) is known to be the best method for producing bulk ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials with excellent properties. Different Severe plastic deformation methods were developed that are suitable for sheet and bulk solid materials. During the past decade, efforts have been made to create effective Severe plastic deformation processes suitable for producing cylindrical tubes. In this paper, we review Severe plastic deformation processes intended to nanostructured tubes, and their effects on material properties and severe plastic deformation is briefly introduced and its common methods for bulk materials, sheets, and pipes, as well as metal background nanocomposites, are concisely introduced and their microstructural and mechanical properties are discussed. The paper will focus on introduction of the tube Severe plastic deformation processes, and then comparison of them based on their advantages and disadvantages from the viewpoints of processing and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Fattahi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Chou-Yi Hsu
- Department of pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Anfal Omar Ali
- Ministry of education, general directorate of education in Diyala, third teacher, Bint Al Rafidain secondary school for girls, Iraq
| | - Zaid H. Mahmoud
- Chemistry department, college of science, university of Diyala, Iraq
| | - N.P. Dang
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Pure Sciences Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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Production of High-Octane Number Gasoline from Basra Low Octane-Number Gas Condensate and Ethanol over Modified Zn/ZSM5 Zeolite Catalyst. BULLETIN OF CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING & CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.9767/bcrec.16763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic transformation of a low-octane number stable gas condensate to high-octane number gasoline (RON: research octane number) is an economically and strategically vital process. In this research, modifying ZSM5 zeolite (80 Si/Al ratio) by impregnation with 2% Zn (Zn/ZSM5) was carried out to increase the selectivity for isomerization and aromatization thereby enhance the octane number. The process was conducted by using stable gas condensate 85 vol% with 15 vol% ethanol in a fixed bed reactor. Zn/ZSM5 and ZSM5 were examined in a pilot scale under different conditions temperature 360-420 °C LHSV1.2-2 h−1, pressure 5 bar. Catalysts were characterized before and after Zn loading using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and N2-adsorption. The SEM, FESEM, and TEM have shown that no change in morphology and metal distribution. The XRD and FTIR characterizations revealed the modified catalysts retained their crystallinity after metal impregnation while N2-adsorption isotherm demonstrates no significant change in porosity. The results of Zn/ZSM5 display an optimum result at 420 °C, 1.2 h−1, 5 bar with enhancement of RON from 60.5 to 89 whereas ZSM5 shows RON enhancement from 60.5 to 82. Post Zn loading, PONA test has shown an increase for iso-paraffin from 45.4 to 47.4%, and aromatics from 10.8 to 14. The findings translate the effectiveness of using Zn on ZSM5 for gas condensate – gasoline transformation. Copyright © 2023 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
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Synthesis and Modification of Nanoparticles with Ionic Liquids: a Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-023-01075-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Fattah IMR, Farhan ZA, Kontoleon KJ, kianfar E, Hadrawi SK. Hollow fiber membrane contactor based carbon dioxide absorption − stripping: a review. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Abdul-Reda Hussein U, Mahmoud ZH, Alaziz KMA, Alid ML, Yasin Y, Ali FK, Faisal AN, Abd AN, Kianfar E. Antimicrobial finishing of textiles using nanomaterials. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 84:e264947. [PMID: 37194799 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.264947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metals, such as copper and silver, can be extremely toxic to bacteria at exceptionally low concentrations. Because of this biocidal activity, metals have been widely used as antimicrobial agents in a multitude of applications related with agriculture, healthcare, and the industry in general. A large number of microorganisms live in the human environment. if the balance of these creatures in nature is disturbed, the health of the individual and society will be threatened due to the production and emission of unpleasant odors and the reduction of health standards. The presence of microorganisms on textiles can cause adverse effects such as discoloration or staining on textiles, decomposition of fibrous materials, reduced strength, and eventually decay of textiles. Most fibers and polymers do not show resistance to the effects of microbes and by providing growth factors for microorganisms such as the right temperature and humidity, nutrients from sweat and fat from skin glands, dead skin cells as well as materials used in the stage of finishing the textiles causes the rapid growth and spread of various microbes. With the advent of nanotechnology, various industries and human daily life underwent changes. In recent years, increasing research on nanoparticles has led to the production of textiles with greater efficiency and added value. These modified textiles prevent the spread of unpleasant odors, the spread, and transmission of diseases. This article reviews the basics and principles of antimicrobial tetiles, as well as a brief overview of antimicrobial materials and nanostructures with antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Z H Mahmoud
- University of Diyala, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Diyala, Iraq
| | - K M Abd Alaziz
- Al-Noor University College, Department of Pharmacy, Nineveh, Iraq
| | - M L Alid
- Al-Mustaqbal University College, Department of Dentistry, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Y Yasin
- Al-Farahidi University, College of Medical Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - F K Ali
- University of Diyala, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Diyala, Iraq
| | - A N Faisal
- Mazaya University College, Department of Medical Technology, Dhi-Qar, Iraq
| | - A N Abd
- University of Diyala, College of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Diyala, Iraq
| | - E Kianfar
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Arak, Iran
- Islamic Azad University, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Gachsaran, Iran
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Smaisim GF, Abed AM, Al-Madhhachi H, Hadrawi SK, Al-Khateeb HMM, Kianfar E. Graphene-Based Important Carbon Structures and Nanomaterials for Energy Storage Applications as Chemical Capacitors and Supercapacitor Electrodes: a Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A review of recent advances in carbon dioxide absorption–stripping by employing a gas–liquid hollow fiber polymeric membrane contactor. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04626-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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Methods of Chemical Synthesis in the Synthesis of Nanomaterial and Nanoparticles by the Chemical Deposition Method: A Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-00996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Trung ND, Huy DTN, Jade Catalan Opulencia M, Lafta HA, Abed AM, Bokov DO, Shomurodov K, Van Thuc Master H, Thaeer Hammid A, Kianfar E. Conductive Gels: Properties and Applications of Nanoelectronics. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:50. [PMID: 35499625 PMCID: PMC9061932 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conductive gels are a special class of soft materials. They harness the 3D micro/nanostructures of gels with the electrical and optical properties of semiconductors, producing excellent novel attributes, like the formation of an intricate network of conducting micro/nanostructures that facilitates the easy movement of charge carriers. Conductive gels encompass interesting properties, like adhesion, porosity, swelling, and good mechanical properties compared to those of bulk conducting polymers. The porous structure of the gels allows the easy diffusion of ions and molecules and the swelling nature provides an effective interface between molecular chains and solution phases, whereas good mechanical properties enable their practical applications. Due to these excellent assets, conductive gels are promising candidates for applications like energy conversion and storage, sensors, medical and biodevices, actuators, superhydrophobic coatings, etc. Conductive gels offer promising applications, e.g., as soft sensors, energy storage, and wearable electronics. Hydrogels with ionic species have some potential in this area. However, they suffer from dehydration due to evaporation when exposed to the air which limits their applications and lifespan. In addition to conductive polymers and organic charge transfer complexes, there is another class of organic matter called "conductive gels" that are used in the organic nanoelectronics industry. The main features of this family of organic materials include controllable photoluminescence, use in photon upconversion technology, and storage of optical energy and its conversion into electricity. Various parameters change the electronic and optical behaviors of these materials, which can be changed by controlling some of the structural and chemical parameters of conductive gels, their electronic and optical behaviors depending on the applications. If the conjugated molecules with π bonds come together spontaneously, in a relative order, to form non-covalent bonds, they form a gel-like structure that has photoluminescence properties. The reason for this is the possibility of excitation of highest occupied molecular orbital level electrons of these molecules due to the collision of landing photons and their transfer to the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital level. This property can be used in various nanoelectronic applications such as field-effect organic transistors, organic solar cells, and sensors to detect explosives. In this paper, the general introduction of conductive or conjugated gels with π bonds is discussed and some of the physical issues surrounding electron excitation due to incident radiation and the mobility of charge carriers, the position, and role of conductive gels in each of these applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dinh Tran Ngoc Huy
- Banking University HCMC, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam
- International University of Japan, Niigata, Japan
| | | | | | - Azher M Abed
- Department of Air Conditioning and Refrigeration, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Dmitry Olegovich Bokov
- Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya St., bldg. 2, Moscow, Russian Federation, 119991
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Federal Research Center of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustyinsky pr., Moscow, Russian Federation, 109240
| | - Kahramon Shomurodov
- Department of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli 103, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 100147
| | - Hoang Van Thuc Master
- Thai Nguyen University, University of Information and Communication Technology, Thái Nguyên, Vietnam
| | - Ali Thaeer Hammid
- Computer Engineering Department, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran.
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
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A Review of High-Energy Density Lithium-Air Battery Technology: Investigating the Effect of Oxides and Nanocatalysts. J CHEM-NY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2762647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vehicles that require a lot of electricity, such as electric vehicles, it is necessary to use high-energy batteries. Among the developed batteries, the lithium-ion battery has shown better performance. This battery has an energy density of 10 equal to that of a lithium-ion battery and uses air oxygen as the active material of the cathode and anode like a lithium-ion battery made of lithium metal. The cathode used in these batteries must have special properties such as strong catalytic activity and high conductivity, and nanotechnology has greatly helped to improve the materials used in the cathode of lithium-air batteries. The importance of proper catalyst distribution and the relationship between the oxide product and the catalyst and the indirect effect of the ORR catalyst on the OER reaction is not present in the fuel cell. The maximum capacity of lithium-air battery theory using graphene under optimal electron conduction conditions and the experimental maximum obtained for graphene by optimizing the structure geometry, examples of structural engineering using carbon fiber and carbon nanotubes in cathode fabrication with the ability to perform the reaction properly while providing space for lithium oxide placement, are examined. This article describes the mechanism of this battery, and its components are examined. The challenges of using this battery and the application of nanotechnology to solve these challenges are also discussed.
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Majdi HS, Latipov ZA, Borisov V, Yuryevna NO, Kadhim MM, Suksatan W, Khlewee IH, Kianfar E. Nano and Battery Anode: A Review. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:177. [PMID: 34894321 PMCID: PMC8665917 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03631-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Improving the anode properties, including increasing its capacity, is one of the basic necessities to improve battery performance. In this paper, high-capacity anodes with alloy performance are introduced, then the problem of fragmentation of these anodes and its effect during the cyclic life is stated. Then, the effect of reducing the size to the nanoscale in solving the problem of fragmentation and improving the properties is discussed, and finally the various forms of nanomaterials are examined. In this paper, electrode reduction in the anode, which is a nanoscale phenomenon, is described. The negative effects of this phenomenon on alloy anodes are expressed and how to eliminate these negative effects by preparing suitable nanostructures will be discussed. Also, the anodes of the titanium oxide family are introduced and the effects of Nano on the performance improvement of these anodes are expressed, and finally, the quasi-capacitive behavior, which is specific to Nano, will be introduced. Finally, the third type of anodes, exchange anodes, is introduced and their function is expressed. The effect of Nano on the reversibility of these anodes is mentioned. The advantages of nanotechnology for these electrodes are described. In this paper, it is found that nanotechnology, in addition to the common effects such as reducing the penetration distance and modulating the stress, also creates other interesting effects in this type of anode, such as capacitive quasi-capacitance, changing storage mechanism and lower volume change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Sh. Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001 Iraq
| | | | - Vitaliy Borisov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nedorezova Olga Yuryevna
- Department of Legal and Social Sciences, Naberezhnye Chelny Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Mustafa M. Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit 52001 Iraq
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacy, Osol Aldeen University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Wanich Suksatan
- Faculty of Nursing, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, 10210 Thailand
| | - Ibrahim Hammoud Khlewee
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Health and Medical Technololgy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Iraq
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arāk, Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
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Isola LA, Chen TC, Elveny M, Alkaim AF, Thangavelu L, Kianfar E. Application of micro and porous materials as nano-reactors. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In general, nanostructured materials with specific size, shape and geometry have unique and different properties from bulk materials. Using reaction media with nanometer and micrometer dimensions, they can produce new nanomaterials with interesting and remarkable properties. In general, nano-reactors are nanometer-sized chambers in which chemical reactions can take place. of course, nanoreactors are somehow part of the reaction, and this is the main difference between them and micro-reactors. One of the useful solutions to achieve the environment of nanoreactors is the use of porous materials, so due to the importance of nanoreactors, porous structures of silicate and zeolite are among the most prominent and widely used compounds in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawal Adedoyin Isola
- Department of Accounting and Finance , Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
- Sustainable Development Goal 17 (Partnership for the Goals) Research Cluster, Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
- SDG1 (Zero Hunger) Research Cluster, Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
- SDG6 (Clean Energy) Research Cluster, Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
| | | | - Marischa Elveny
- Data Science & Computational Intelligence Research Group , Universitas Sumatera Utara , Medan , Indonesia
| | - Ayad F. Alkaim
- Chemistry Department , College of Science for Women, University of Babylon , Hillah , Iraq
| | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Department of Pharmacology , Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University , Chennai , India
| | - Ehsan Kianfar
- SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth) Research Cluster, Landmark University , Omu-Aran , Nigeria
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University , Arak , Iran
- Young Researchers and Elite Club , Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University , Gachsaran , Iran
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Nanoreactors: properties, applications and characterization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/ijcre-2021-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nanoreactors are a type of chemical reactor that is used mostly in nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology. These unique reactors are critical to the operation of a nano foundry, which is essentially a foundry that produces goods on a nanoscale. Active sites, such as transitional metal species, can also be added to nanoreactors. In this situation, the NR’s limited area might impact reaction rate and mechanism by increasing the contacts between reactants and active sites and changing the concentration of the reactant at the active site. Immobilization of chiral active centers inside porous materials has received a lot of interest in this context, and there have been a lot of publications proving the benefits of nano space confinement in chemical processes. The specific mechanism in which enantioselectivities are strengthened has been clarified using molecular dynamics simulations. Nanoreactors are nanometer-sized chambers with the potential to improve chemical conversions by shielding catalysts from external effects and encapsulating reactors and catalysts in a tiny space for an extended period of time. Natural and synthetic nanoreactors are the two types of nanoreactors that can be found in general. The first group has a more selective function while also having a more complicated structure, whereas the second group has more variation and a simpler structure. Synthetic nanoreactors have so far been made with a variety of molecules and large types of molecules. The space inside the nanoreactors is a good environment for the production of various nanostructures, in addition to a wide range of chemical reactions. When chemical reactions are carried out in confined spaces with nanometer dimensions and micrometer volumes, the kinetics and the entire process path are altered. Nanoreactors are restricted areas used to execute specialized chemical processes. In the cells of living organisms, numerous simultaneous reactions are based on the same concept. As a result, various biological and chemical structures with nanoreactor characteristics are used in this strategy.
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Kianfar E. Protein nanoparticles in drug delivery: animal protein, plant proteins and protein cages, albumin nanoparticles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:159. [PMID: 34051806 PMCID: PMC8164776 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00896-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we will describe the properties of albumin and its biological functions, types of sources that can be used to produce albumin nanoparticles, methods of producing albumin nanoparticles, its therapeutic applications and the importance of albumin nanoparticles in the production of pharmaceutical formulations. In view of the increasing use of Abraxane and its approval for use in the treatment of several types of cancer and during the final stages of clinical trials for other cancers, to evaluate it and compare its effectiveness with conventional non formulations of chemotherapy Paclitaxel is paid. In this article, we will examine the role and importance of animal proteins in Nano medicine and the various benefits of these biomolecules for the preparation of drug delivery carriers and the characteristics of plant protein Nano carriers and protein Nano cages and their potentials in diagnosis and treatment. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of protein nanoparticles are mentioned, as well as the methods of production of albumin nanoparticles, its therapeutic applications and the importance of albumin nanoparticles in the production of pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Kianfar
- ERNAM-Erciyes University Nanotechnology Application and Research Center, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey.
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