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Li P, Hu J, Zhang M, He L, Li K, Hou X, Jiang X. Microdischarge in Flame as a Source-in-Source for Boosted Excitation of Optical Emission of Chromium. Anal Chem 2022; 94:7683-7691. [PMID: 35549155 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A compact tandem excitation source-in-source was designed by arranging a point discharge (PD) ignited in argon/hydrogen (Ar/H2) flame and utilized for boosted excitation for the optical emission of chromium. Through a tungsten coil (W-coil) electrothermal vaporizer (ETV) located right under the tandem source without any interface for sample introduction, a miniaturized optical emission spectrometer was realized. Because the discharge gaseous atmosphere of PD was activated in the flame, the energy consumption of PD for breaking down discharge gas and maintenance of plasma was greatly saved. In addition, the flame could partially atomize or keep the atomized state of analyte atoms through its reducing environment. Therefore, the excitation capability of the tandem source was greatly improved, owing to the synergistic effect of PD microplasma and Ar/H2 flame. In addition, part of the analyte was atomized/excited on the W-coil, and thereby, dry, pure, and activated analyte species were released from the W-coil and swept into the tandem source for atomization/excitation. Through the collective effect of W-coil ETV, Ar/H2 flame, and PD microplasma, analytical sensitivity for Cr was greatly enhanced. Under the optimized conditions, with 10 μL sample solution, a limit of detection of 1.5 μg L-1 and a relative standard deviation of 3.6% (20 μg L-1, n = 5) were achieved. Its accuracy was demonstrated by successful analysis of several certified reference materials. Owing to the advantages including high sensitivity, compactness, and cost effectiveness, it is promising to facilitate the miniaturized spectrometer for more elements and potential field analytical chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixia Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Lin He
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Kai Li
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiandeng Hou
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China.,Key Lab of Green Chemistry & Technology of MOE, and College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
| | - Xiaoming Jiang
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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2
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Khan SR, Sharma B, Chawla PA, Bhatia R. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES): a Powerful Analytical Technique for Elemental Analysis. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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3
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Maithani M, Raturi R, Sharma P, Gupta V, Bansal P. Elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products adding fuel to the fire. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 108:104435. [PMID: 31376414 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2019.104435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pharmaceuticals may generate impurities at various stages of development, transportation and storage which make them risky to be administered. Thus, it is essential that these impurities must be detected and quantified. However, their presence as impurities in finished products is virtually unavoidable, even under GMP conditions. Control of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical materials is currently undergoing a transition from control based on concentrations in components of drug products to control based on permitted daily exposures in drug products. Within the pharmaceutical community, there is uncertainty regarding the impact of these changes on manufactures of drug products. This uncertainty is fueled due to lack of publicly available information on elemental impurity levels in common pharmaceutical excipients. The present compilation gives an account of updated information about elemental impurities and reviews the regulatory aspects for such impurities in active pharmaceutical ingredients/drug formulations. In addition, the aim of this article is to review and discuss the currently used quantitative analytical method, which is used for quality control of elemental impurities in pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maithani
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - R Raturi
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - P Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - V Gupta
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India
| | - P Bansal
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University Centre of Excellence in Research, Baba Farid University of Health Sciences, Faridkot, 151203, Punjab, India.
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4
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Potential metal impurities in active pharmaceutical substances and finished medicinal products - A market surveillance study. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 77:100-5. [PMID: 26036232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A market surveillance study has been established by using different atomic spectrometric methods for the determination of selected elemental impurities of particular interest, to gain an overview about the quality of presently marketed drug products and their bulk drug substances. The limit tests were carried out with respect to the existing EMA guideline on the specification limits for residuals of metal catalysts or metal reagents. Also attention was given to the future implementation of two new chapters of the United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) stating limit concentrations of elemental impurities. The methods used for determination of metal residues were inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and atomic absorption spectrometry technologies (GFAAS, CVAAS, HGAAS). This article presents the development and validation of the methods used for the determination of 21 selected metals in 113 samples from drug products and their active pharmaceutical ingredients.
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5
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Quarles CD, Manard BT, Burdette CQ, Marcus RK. Roles of electrode material and geometry in liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) microplasma emission spectroscopy. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Liu Z, Zhu Z, Wu Q, Hu S, Zheng H. Dielectric barrier discharge-plasma induced vaporization and its application to the determination of mercury by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Analyst 2011; 136:4539-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15332c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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7
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8
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Pinto FG, Lepri FG, Saint'Pierre TD, da Silva JBB, Costa LM, Curtius AJ. Direct Determination of Dy, Sm, Eu, Tm, and Yb in Geological Samples by Slurry Electrothermal Vaporization Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710903491062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Electrothermal vaporization–inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: A versatile tool for tackling challenging samples. Anal Chim Acta 2009; 648:23-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Comparison of tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization and thermospray sample introduction methods for flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Talanta 2009; 77:1778-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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11
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Srogi K. Developments in the Determination of Trace Elements by Atomic Spectroscopic Techniques. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710801934445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Wu P, Wen X, He L, He Y, Chen M, Hou X. Evaluation of tungsten coil electrothermal vaporization-Ar/H2 flame atomic fluorescence spectrometry for determination of eight traditional hydride-forming elements and cadmium without chemical vapor generation. Talanta 2007; 74:505-11. [PMID: 18371668 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2007.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 06/12/2007] [Accepted: 06/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A tungsten coil electrothermal vaporizer (W-coil ETV) was coupled to an Ar/H(2) flame atomic fluorescence spectrometer for the determination of eight traditional hydride-forming elements (i.e., As, Bi, Ge, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Te) as well as cadmium without chemical vapor generation. A small sample volume, typically 20muL, was manually pipetted onto the W-coil and followed by a fixed electric heating program. During the vaporization step, analyte was vaporized off the coil surface and swept into the quartz tube atomizer of AFS for further atomization and excitation of atomic fluorescence by a flow of Ar/H(2) gas, which was ignited to produce the Ar/H(2) flame. The tungsten coil electrothermal vaporizer and Ar/H(2) flame formed a tandem atomizer to produce reliable atomic fluorescence signals. Under the optimal instrumental conditions, limits of detection (LODs) were found to be better than those by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) or inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) for all the nine elements investigated. The absolute LODs are better or equivalent to those by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). Possible scattering interferences were studied and preliminary application of the proposed method was also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wu
- Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, China
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13
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Fan Z, Hu B, Jiang Z. Volatilization of Cr, Co, Mn and Ni as their pyrrolidinecarbodithioate chelates from electrothermal vaporizer for sample introduction in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2006; 68:1359-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2005.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2005] [Revised: 07/28/2005] [Accepted: 07/28/2005] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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14
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Analysis of fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: aspects of precipitating otolith calcium with hydrofluoric acid for trace element determination. Talanta 2005; 65:1326-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2004] [Revised: 09/10/2004] [Accepted: 09/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Feasibility study of solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for the determination of particulate uranium in swipe samples from nuclear facilities. Anal Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2004.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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16
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Detection methods for the quantitation of trace elements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(03)41005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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17
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Solid phase extraction for analysis of biogenic carbonates by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS): an investigation of rare earth element signatures in otolith microchemistry. Anal Chim Acta 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(02)01368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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19
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Óvári M, Záray G, Hassler J. Solid sampling electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometric method for analysis of amphipods (Dikerogammarus villosus) samples. Microchem J 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0026-265x(02)00058-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Tianyou P, Gang C, Xiaohai S, Zucheng J, Bin H. Electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry for the direct determination of trace amounts of impurities in slurries of silicon carbide. Anal Chim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(01)00780-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Hou X, Levine KE, Salido A, Jones BT, Ezer M, Elwood S, Simeonsson JB. Tungsten coil devices in atomic spectrometry: absorption, fluorescence, and emission. ANAL SCI 2001; 17:175-80. [PMID: 11993659 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.17.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, tungsten coil (W-Coil) devices are used as atomizers for electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS), electrothermal atomization laser excited atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ETA-LEAFS), and electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ETV-ICP-AES). For most cases in ETAAS and ETA-LEAFS, limits of detection (LODs) using the W-Coil are within a factor of ten of those observed with commercial graphite furnace systems. LOD for Cd by W-Coil AAS is 10 pg, while LODs for As, Se, Cr, Sb and Pb by W-Coil LEAFS are 950, 320, 1400, 330, and 160 fg, respectively. The compact W-Coil device makes it an ideal atomizer for portable atomic spectrometry instrumentation, especially when coupled with a miniature charge coupled device spectrometer. Alternatively, the atomizer can be used as an inexpensive, modular add-on to an existing commercial ICP-AES system; and the thermal separation of Pb with interference elements Al, Mn, and Fe is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Hou
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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22
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Rapid determination of technetium-99 by electrothermal vaporization-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry with sodium chlorate and nitric acid as modifiers. Anal Chim Acta 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(00)00832-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Chapter 3 Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-526x(00)34005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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24
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Stewart II, Guevremont R, Sturgeon RE. The Use of a Sampler−Skimmer Interface for Ion Sampling in Furnace Atomization Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ac990666f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian I. Stewart
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Building M12, Montreal Road Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Roger Guevremont
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Building M12, Montreal Road Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Ralph E. Sturgeon
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Building M12, Montreal Road Campus, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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25
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Mahoney PP, Ray SJ, Li G, Hieftje GM. Preliminary investigation of electrothermal vaporization sample introduction for inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 1999; 71:1378-83. [PMID: 10204039 DOI: 10.1021/ac9811625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of an electrothermal vaporization (ETV) apparatus to an inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ICP-TOFMS) is described. The ability of the ICP-TOFMS to produce complete elemental mass spectra at high repetition rates is experimentally demonstrated. A signal-averaging data acquisition board is employed to rapidly record complete elemental spectra throughout the vaporization stage of the ETV temperature cycle; a solution containing 34 elements is analyzed. The reduction of both molecular and atomic isobaric interferences through the temperature program of the furnace is demonstrated. Isobaric overlaps among the isotopes of cadmium, tin, and indium are resolved by exploiting differences in the vaporization characteristics of the elements. Figures of merit for the system are defined with several different data acquisition schemes capable of operating at the high repetition rate of the TOF instrument. With the use of both ion counting and a boxcar averager, the dynamic range is shown to be linear over a range of at least 6 orders of magnitude. A pair of boxcar averagers are used to measure the isotope ratio for silver with a precision of 1.9% RSD, despite a cycle-to-cycle precision of 19% RSD. Detection limits of 10-80 fg are calculated for seven elements, based upon a 10-microL injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- P P Mahoney
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington 47405, USA
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26
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Leach JJ, Allen LA, Aeschliman DB, Houk RS. Calibration of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Using Standard Additions with Dried Solution Aerosols. Anal Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/ac980855i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Leach
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011
| | - Lloyd A. Allen
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011
| | - David B. Aeschliman
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011
| | - R. S. Houk
- Ames Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy, Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames Iowa 50011
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27
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Croslyn AE, Smith BW, Winefordner JD. A Review of Microwave Plasma Sources in Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Literature from 1985 to the Present. Crit Rev Anal Chem 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/10408349708052201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Chang CC, Jiang SJ. Determination of Hg and Bi by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using vapor generation with in situ preconcentration in a platinum-coated graphite furnace. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)87775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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29
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Sturgeon RE, Guevremont R. Furnace Atomization Plasma Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 1997; 69:2129-35. [DOI: 10.1021/ac9611982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. E. Sturgeon
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R9
| | - R. Guevremont
- Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R9
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30
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Cromwell EF, Arrowsmith P. Novel multichannel plasma-source mass spectrometer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1996; 7:458-466. [PMID: 24203400 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(95)00710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/1995] [Revised: 12/11/1995] [Accepted: 12/14/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A novel mass spectrometer system for elemental analysis is described. The instrument combines an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion source with a Mattauch-Herzog mass spectrometer and multichannel ion detector. Ion detection is simultaneous and an elemental mass spectrum (20-230 μ) can be acquired in <10 ms. The instrument can be used with either Ar or He plasma sources. The speed of the system makes it well suited for acquisition of fast (10-100-ms duration) transient signals, such as those generated by pulsed laser ablation sample introduction. Preliminary system performance characteristics, which include detection limits, stability, and measurement accuracy, obtained with an Ar ICP are presented. The application of the instrument to the analysis of solid samples by laser ablation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Cromwell
- IBM Storage Systems Division, San Jose, California, USA
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31
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Hastings DW, Emerson SR, Nelson BK. Determination of Picogram Quantities of Vanadium in Calcite and Seawater by Isotope Dilution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry with Electrothermal Vaporization. Anal Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/ac950859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. Hastings
- School of Oceanography, WB-10, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Steven R. Emerson
- School of Oceanography, WB-10, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bruce K. Nelson
- Department of Geological Sciences, AJ-20, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
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32
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NAA and ICP-MS: A comparison between two methods for trace and ultra-trace element analysis. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02037733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Electrothermal vaporization sample introduction into plasma sources for analytical emission spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s1068-5561(05)80004-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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34
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Carey JM, Vela NP, Caruso JA. Chromium determination by supercritical fluid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric and flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr A 1994; 662:329-40. [PMID: 8143029 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has been investigated for the separation of a pair of beta-ketonate chromium compounds and a thermally labile organochromium dimer. A limited comparison between flame ionization detection (FID) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) detection of these compounds is presented. The beta-ketonate complexes were observed with both detectors, while the thermally labile dimer was not observed with ICP-MS detection. Detection limits for these compounds with ICP-MS were in the range of 0.9 to 3 pg with FID giving values between 10 and 250 pg. Reproducibility of the method is between 1 and 4% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). The technique provided a linear response over approximately three orders of magnitude. The effect of two mobile phases (nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide) on the detection by each of the detectors are presented in a qualitative manner. Finally, the SFC-ICP interface heating method and the manner in which the restrictor is heated in the FID system are compared and there effect on the chromatography discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Carey
- University of Cincinnati, Department of Chemistry, OH 45221-0172
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