1
|
da Silva GB, Manica D, Dallagnol P, Narzetti RA, Marafon F, da Silva AP, de S Matias L, Cassol JV, Moreno M, Kempka AP, Bagatini MD. Rosmarinic acid modulates purinergic signaling and induces apoptosis in melanoma cells. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10040-z. [PMID: 39031243 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cases have increased worldwide. Cutaneous melanoma (CM), a highly metastatic skin cancer, largely contributes to global statistical cancer death data. Research has shown that rosmarinic acid (RA) is a promising phenolic compound with antineoplastic properties. Thus, we investigated the effects of RA on apoptosis-inducing in melanoma cells, purinergic signaling modulation, and cytokine levels. We treated SK-MEL-28 cells for 24 h with different concentrations of RA and assessed the apoptosis, CD39, CD73, and A2A expression, and cytokine levels. We found RA-induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Regarding the purinergic system, we verified that RA downregulated the expression of CD73 and A2A, specially at high concentrations of treatment. Additionally, RA increased IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels. Our in vitro results confirm RA's potential to be used to induce melanoma cell apoptosis, having CD73 and A2A as targets when reversion of immune suppression is desired. Further studies in animal models and clinical trials focusing on RA's modulation of purinergic signaling in melanoma are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei B da Silva
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Daiane Manica
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Paula Dallagnol
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Rafael A Narzetti
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Filomena Marafon
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alana P da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Letícia de S Matias
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Joana V Cassol
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Moreno
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil
| | - Aniela P Kempka
- Multicentric Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of Santa Catarina, Lages, SC, Brazil
| | - Margarete D Bagatini
- Postgraduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao X, Han Y, Shen C, Liu J, Wang Y. Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of hypertensive target organ damage: Role of natural products and formulations. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5622-5638. [PMID: 37690983 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hypertension is a major global health problem that causes target organ damage (TOD) in the heart, brain, kidney, and blood vessels. The mechanisms of hypertensive TOD are not fully understood, and its treatment is challenging. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the role of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in hypertensive TOD and the natural products and formulations that inhibit it. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CNKI for relevant articles using the keywords "hypertension," "target organ damage," "NLRP3 inflammasome," "natural products," and "formulations." We reviewed the effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on hypertensive TOD in different organs and discussed the natural products and formulations that modulate it. KEY RESULTS In hypertensive TOD, the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated by various stimuli such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Activation of NLRP3 inflammasome leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate tissue damage and dysfunction. Natural products and formulations, including curcumin, resveratrol, triptolide, and allicin, have shown protective effects against hypertensive TOD by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The NLRP3 inflammasome is a promising therapeutic target in hypertensive TOD. Natural products and formulations that inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome may provide novel drug candidates or therapies for hypertensive TOD. Further studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and optimize the dosages of these natural products and formulations and evaluate their clinical efficacy and safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Liao
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanshan Han
- Scientific Research Department, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Chuanpu Shen
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The Key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune medicines, Ministry of Education, Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Institute of Innovation and Applied Research in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rajizadeh MA, Bejeshk MA, Aminizadeh A, Yari A, Rostamabadi F, Bagheri F, Najafipour H, Nematollahi MH, Amirkhosravi A, Mehrabani M, Mehrabani M. Inhalation of Spray-Dried Extract of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn Alleviates Lung Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Remodeling Changes in Asthmatic Rats. Pharmacology 2023; 109:10-21. [PMID: 37918369 DOI: 10.1159/000534392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For centuries, Salvia rosmarinus Spenn has been applied as folk medicine to cure different diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and antitumor effects. To find bioactive medicinal herbs exerting a protective effect on airway inflammation and remodeling, we assessed the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous spray-dried extract of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic rat model. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into normal control (control), asthma, asthma+rosemary extract (RE) (13 mg/kg), asthma+RE (50 mg/kg), and asthma+budesonide groups. After 50 days, animals were anesthetized, and then blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were collected for subsequent serological and pathological studies. Histopathology of lung tissues was evaluated by H&E staining. The oxidative stress parameters and airway inflammation factors in BALF and lung tissue were explored. RESULTS Using thin layer chromatography, the presence of rosmarinic acid was confirmed in aqueous extract of rosemary. Furthermore, RE markedly decreased immunoglobulin E levels (50 mg/kg; p < 0.001 vs. asthma group) and inflammatory cytokines (50 mg/kg; p < 0.001 vs. asthma group) and increased antioxidant enzymes (50 mg/kg, p < 0.001 vs. asthma group). Furthermore, RE at a concentration of 50 mg/kg obviously reduced the number of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, and pathological changes compared to the asthma group. CONCLUSION The results showed that RE administration might prevent or alleviate allergic asthma-related pathological change, probably via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abbas Bejeshk
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Amirhashem Aminizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Yari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Rostamabadi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bagheri
- Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman, Iran
- Legal Medicine Research Center, Legal Medicine Organization, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Arian Amirkhosravi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Science, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mitra Mehrabani
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee H, Kim H, Kim JH, Park SD, Shim JJ, Lee JL. Lactobacillus paracasei HY7015 and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. Extract Promotes Human Dermal Papilla Cell Cytoprotective Effect and Hair Regrowth Rate in C57BL/6 Mice. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238235. [PMID: 36500327 PMCID: PMC9738319 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Hair loss is a disease that requires accurate diagnosis and type-specific medical treatment. Many hair loss treatments have some side effects, such as hormone-related effects, so there is a need for safe and effective hair loss treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus paracasei HY7015 (HY7015) and Lycopus lucidus Turcz. (LT) extract on hair regrowth and protection. In vitro experiments were conducted to assess the effects of HY7015 and/or LT extract on human follicle dermal papilla cells (HFDPC) of cytoprotective functions such as proliferations, antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, and growth factor expressions. In animal experiments, we investigated hair regrowth rate, hair follicle formation and secretion of growth factors in telogenic C57BL/6 mice. We confirmed the cytoprotective effects of HY7015 and LT through regulations of proliferation, SOD and IL-1β in HFDPC. In mouse experiments, oral administration of HY7015 and LT promoted hair regrowth as well as hair follicle maturation in the dermal skin of C57BL/6 mice, and upregulated VEGF and IGF-1 growth factor levels in mouse serum. In summary, our data demonstrate that ingestions of HY7015 and LT can promote hair regrowth by enhancing cytoprotective effects and expressions of growth factors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Dark chocolate: An overview of its biological activity, processing, and fortification approaches. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1916-1943. [PMID: 36300165 PMCID: PMC9589144 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark chocolate gets popularity for several decades due to its enormous health benefits. It contains several health-promoting factors (bioactive components - polyphenols, flavonoids, procyanidins, theobromines, etc, and vitamins and minerals) that positively modulate the immune system of human beings. It confers safeguards against cardiovascular diseases, certain types of cancers, and other brain-related disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. Dark chocolate is considered a functional food due to its anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties. It also has a well-established role in weight management and the alteration of a lipid profile to a healthy direction. But during the processing of dark chocolate, several nutrients are lost (polyphenol, flavonoids, flavan 3 ol, ascorbic acid, and thiamine). So, fortification would be an effective method of enhancing the overall nutrient content and also making the dark chocolate self-sufficient. Thus, the focus of this review study is to gather all the experimental studies done on dark chocolate fortification. Several ingredients were used for the fortification, such as fruits (mulberry, chokeberries, and elderberries), spices (cinnamon), phytosterols, peanut oil, probiotics (mainly Lactobacillus, bacillus spices), prebiotics (inulin, xanthan gum, and maltodextrin), flavonoids, flavan-3-ols, etc. Those fortifications were done to raise the total antioxidant content as well as essential fatty acid content simultaneously reducing total calorie content. Sometimes, the fortification was done to improve physical properties like viscosity, rheological propertiesand also improve overall consumer acceptance by modifying its bitter taste. Dark chocolate gets popularity for several decades due to its enormous health benefits. Dark chocolate is considered a functional food due to its health benefits. During the processing of dark chocolate, several nutrients are lost. Fortification would be an effective method of enhancing the overall nutrient content. This review study is to gather all the experimental studies done on dark chocolate fortification.
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao J, Xu L, Jin D, Xin Y, Tian L, Wang T, Zhao D, Wang Z, Wang J. Rosmarinic Acid and Related Dietary Supplements: Potential Applications in the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101410. [PMID: 36291619 PMCID: PMC9599057 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer constitutes a severe threat to human health and quality of life and is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Natural dietary products have drawn substantial attention in cancer treatment and prevention due to their availability and absence of toxicity. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is known for its excellent antioxidant properties and is safe and effective in preventing and inhibiting tumors. This review summarizes recent publications on culture techniques, extraction processes, and anti-tumor applications of RA-enriched dietary supplements. We discuss techniques to improve RA bioavailability and provide a mechanistic discussion of RA regarding tumor prevention, treatment, and adjuvant therapy. RA exhibits anticancer activity by regulating oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and metastasis. These data suggest that daily use of RA-enriched dietary supplements can contribute to tumor prevention and treatment. RA has the potential for application in anti-tumor drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Di Jin
- College of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yu Xin
- School of pharmaceutical sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Tan Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Respirology, First Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
- Northeast Asia Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (J.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Munteanu IG, Grădinaru VR, Apetrei C. Sensitive Detection of Rosmarinic Acid Using Peptide-Modified Graphene Oxide Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12193292. [PMID: 36234420 PMCID: PMC9565883 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have been used as components in biological analysis and fabrication of novel sensors due to several reasons, including well-known synthesis protocols, diverse structures, and acting as highly selective substrates for enzymes. Bio-conjugation strategies can provide a simple and efficient way to convert peptide-analyte interaction information into a measurable signal, which can be further used for the manufacture of new peptide-based biosensors. This paper describes the sensitive properties of a peptide-modified graphene oxide screen-printed carbon electrode for accurate and sensitive detection of a natural polyphenol antioxidant compound, namely rosmarinic acid. Glutaraldehyde was chosen as the cross-linking agent because it is able to bind nonspecifically to the peptide. We demonstrated that the strong interaction between the immobilized peptide on the surface of the sensor and rosmarinic acid favors the addition of rosmarinic acid on the surface of the electrode, leading to an efficient preconcentration that determines a high sensitivity of the sensor for the detection of rosmarinic acid. The experimental conditions were optimized using different pH values and different amounts of peptide to modify the sensor surface, so that its analytical performances were optimal for rosmarinic acid detection. By using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as a detection method, a very low detection limit (0.0966 μM) and a vast linearity domain, ranging from 0.1 µM to 3.20 µM, were obtained. The novelty of this work is the development of a novel peptide-based sensor with improved performance characteristics for the quantification of rosmarinic acid in cosmetic products of complex composition. The FTIR method was used to validate the voltammetric method results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Georgiana Munteanu
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania
| | | | - Constantin Apetrei
- Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galaţi, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-727-580-914
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woottisin N, Sukprasert S, Kulsirirat T, Tharavanij T, Sathirakul K. Evaluation of the Intestinal Permeability of Rosmarinic Acid from Thunbergia laurifolia Leaf Water Extract in a Caco-2 Cell Model. Molecules 2022; 27:3884. [PMID: 35745006 PMCID: PMC9227994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Thunbergia laurifolia (TL) has been traditionally used as an antidote and an antipyretic drug by folk healers for centuries in Thailand. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is major compound in TL extract and has attracted great interest due to its potential broad pharmacological effects. Herein, the permeability of RA was investigated in TL extract and as a pure compound in a Caco-2 cell model by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). The results reveal that the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of RA in TL extracts and pure RA significantly increased after deconjugation by β-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzymes. Our findings exhibit possible saturable biotransformation of RA and/or membrane transport while penetrated through Caco-2 cells. The cumulative amounts of RA as pure compounds and in TL extracts increased with the exposure time, and the efflux ratio (ER) was 0.27-1.14. RA in the TL extract has a similar absorption in the conjugated form and in the pure compound. The intestinal absorption of them is through passive diffusion. Therefore, our findings conclude that the intestinal transport of RA in TL extracts was mainly penetrated as conjugated forms with glucuronic acid and/or sulfate across Caco-2 cells and transported via passive diffusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanthakarn Woottisin
- Graduate Program in Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasart University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Sophida Sukprasert
- Division of Integrative Medicine, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasart University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Thitianan Kulsirirat
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Thipaporn Tharavanij
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Applied Epidemiology, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Korbtham Sathirakul
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Noor S, Mohammad T, Rub MA, Raza A, Azum N, Yadav DK, Hassan MI, Asiri AM. Biomedical features and therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid. Arch Pharm Res 2022; 45:205-228. [PMID: 35391712 PMCID: PMC8989115 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-022-01378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the use of secondary metabolites of various herbs has been an attractive strategy in combating human diseases. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a bioactive phenolic compound commonly found in plants of Lamiaceae and Boraginaceae families. RA is biosynthesized using amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine via enzyme-catalyzed reactions. However, the chemical synthesis of RA involves an esterification reaction between caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxy phenyl lactic acid contributing two phenolic rings to the structure of RA. Several studies have ascertained multiple therapeutic benefits of RA in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, inflammatory disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, and liver diseases. Many previous scientific papers indicate that RA can be used as an anti-plasmodic, anti-viral and anti-bacterial drug. In addition, due to its high anti-oxidant capacity, this natural polyphenol has recently gained attention for its possible application as a nutraceutical compound in the food industry. Here we provide state-of-the-art, flexible therapeutic potential and biomedical features of RA, its implications and multiple uses. Along with various valuable applications in safeguarding human health, this review further summarizes the therapeutic advantages of RA in various human diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the challenges associated with the clinical applicability of RA have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Noor
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Taj Mohammad
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Malik Abdul Rub
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Raza
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naved Azum
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsugu, Incheon, 21924, Korea.
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi, 110025, India.
| | - Abdullah M Asiri
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
da Silva GB, Yamauchi MA, Zanini D, Bagatini MD. Novel possibility for cutaneous melanoma treatment by means of rosmarinic acid action on purinergic signaling. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:61-81. [PMID: 34741236 PMCID: PMC8570242 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-021-09821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cases have increased significantly in Brazil and worldwide, with cutaneous melanoma (CM) being responsible for nearly 57,000 deaths in the world. Thus, this review article aims at exploring and proposed hypotheses with respect to the possibility that RA can be a promising and alternative compound to be used as an adjuvant in melanoma treatment, acting on purinergic signaling. The scarcity of articles evidencing the action of this compound in this signaling pathway requires further studies. Considering diverse evidence found in the literature, we hypothesize that RA can be an effective candidate for the treatment of CM acting as a modulating molecule of purinergic cellular pathway through P2X7 blocking, mitigating the Warburg effect, and as antagonic molecule of the P2Y12 receptor, reducing the formation of adhesive molecules that prevent adherence in tumor cells. In this way, our proposals for CM treatment based on targeting purinergic signaling permeate the integral practice, going from intracell to extracell. Undoubtedly, much is still to be discovered and elucidated about this promising compound, this paper being an interesting work baseline to support more research studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gilnei Bruno da Silva
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Milena Ayumi Yamauchi
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Daniela Zanini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil
| | - Margarete Dulce Bagatini
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul, Fronteira Sul, Chapecó, SC, 89815-899, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Markova E, Taneska L, Kostovska M, Shalabalija D, Mihailova L, Glavas Dodov M, Makreski P, Geskovski N, Petrushevska M, N Taravari A, Simonoska Crcarevska M. Design and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carriers loaded with Salvia officinalis extract for Alzheimer's disease treatment. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:1368-1390. [PMID: 35019231 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the potential of Salvia officinalis in prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), as well as the ability of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) to successfully deliver drug molecules across blood-brain barrier (BBB), the objective of this study was design, development, optimization and characterization of freeze-dried salvia officinalis extract (FSE) loaded NLC intended for intranasal administration. NLC were prepared by solvent evaporation method and the optimization was carried out using central composite design (CCD) of experiments. Further, the optimized formulation (NLCo) was coated either with chitosan (NLCc) or poloxamer (NLCp). Surface characterization of the particles demonstrated a spherical shape with smooth exterior. Particle size of optimal formulations after 0.45 μm pore size filtration ranged from 127 ± 0.68 nm to 140 ± 0.74 nm. The zeta potential was -25.6 ± 0.404 mV; 22.4 ± 1.106 mV and - 6.74 ± 0.609 mV for NLCo, NLCc, and NLCp, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the formation of NLC whereas Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the FSE encapsulation into particles. All formulations showcased relatively high drug loading (>86.74 mcg FSE/mg solid lipid) and were characterized by prolonged and controlled release that followed Peppas-Sahlin in vitro release kinetic model. Protein adsorption studies revealed the lowest adsorption of the proteins onto NLCp (43.53 ± 0.07%) and highest protein adsorption onto NLCc (55.97 ± 0.75%) surface. The modified ORAC assay demonstrated higher antioxidative activity for NLCo (95.31 ± 1.86%) and NLCc (97.76 ± 4.00%) as compared to FSE (90.30 ± 1.53%). Results obtained from cell cultures tests pointed to the potential of prepared NLCs for FSE brain targeting and controlled release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Markova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Lea Taneska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Monika Kostovska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Dushko Shalabalija
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Ljubica Mihailova
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Glavas Dodov
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Petre Makreski
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Nikola Geskovski
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Marija Petrushevska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Arben N Taravari
- University Clinic for Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Maja Simonoska Crcarevska
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Current Trends in Enrichment of Wheat Pasta: Quality, Nutritional Value and Antioxidant Properties. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Wheat pasta is one of the most important cereal products and is becoming increasingly popular worldwide because of its convenience, simple formulation, long shelf life, and high energetic value. Wheat pasta is usually obtained from refined flour rich in carbohydrates but with low content of phytochemicals, micronutrients, and fibre. The increased demand of consumers for healthy foods has generated interest among both researchers and food producers in developing functional food products. This review showcases the current trends in pasta fortification. Changes in the nutritional value, cooking quality, sensory attributes, and antioxidant properties of durum and common wheat pasta enriched with both plant and animal raw materials are discussed.
Collapse
|
13
|
NaCl-Induced Elicitation Alters Physiology and Increases Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Melissa officinalis L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136844. [PMID: 34202180 PMCID: PMC8268150 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants usually produce secondary metabolites as a defense mechanism against environmental stresses. Different stresses determine the chemical diversity of plant-specialized metabolism products. In this study, we applied an abiotic elicitor, i.e., NaCl, to enhance the biosynthesis and accumulation of phenolic secondary metabolites in Melissa officinalis L. Plants were subjected to salt stress treatment by application of NaCl solutions (0, 50, or 100 mM) to the pots. Generally, the NaCl treatments were found to inhibit the growth of plants, simultaneously enhancing the accumulation of phenolic compounds (total phenolics, soluble flavonols, anthocyanins, phenolic acids), especially at 100 mM NaCl. However, the salt stress did not disturb the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and proper functioning of the PS II photosystem. Therefore, the proposed method of elicitation represents a convenient alternative to cell suspension or hydroponic techniques as it is easier and cheaper with simple application in lemon balm pot cultivation. The improvement of lemon balm quality by NaCl elicitation can potentially increase the level of health-promoting phytochemicals and the bioactivity of low-processed herbal products.
Collapse
|
14
|
Koycheva IK, Vasileva LV, Amirova KM, Marchev AS, Balcheva-Sivenova ZP, Georgiev MI. Biotechnologically Produced Lavandula angustifolia Mill. Extract Rich in Rosmarinic Acid Resolves Psoriasis-Related Inflammation Through Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:680168. [PMID: 33986690 PMCID: PMC8111009 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.680168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common skin pathology, characterized by dysregulation of epidermal keratinocyte function attended by persistent inflammation, suggesting that molecules with anti-inflammatory potential may be effective for its management. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a natural bioactive molecule known to have an anti-inflammatory potential. Here we examined the effect of biotechnologically produced cell suspension extract of Lavandula angustifolia Mill (LV) high in RA content as treatment for psoriasis-associated inflammation in human keratinocytes. Regulatory genes from the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathways were upregulated upon stimulation with a combination of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-22. We also observed that both LV extract and RA could inhibit JAK2, leading to reduced STAT1 phosphorylation. Further, we demonstrated that LV extract inhibited phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT), which could be implicated in reduced hyperproliferation in keratinocytes. Collectively, these findings indicate that the biotechnologically produced LV extract resolved psoriasis-like inflammation in human keratinocytes by interfering the JAK2/STAT1 signaling pathway and its effectiveness is due to its high content of RA (10%). Hence, both LV extract and pure RA possess the potential to be incorporated in formulations for topical application as therapeutic approach against psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka K Koycheva
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Liliya V Vasileva
- Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kristiana M Amirova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Andrey S Marchev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zhivka P Balcheva-Sivenova
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Milen I Georgiev
- Laboratory of Metabolomics, Department of Biotechnology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,Department Plant Cell Biotechnology, Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zeng Y, Liu J, Zhang Q, Qin X, Li Z, Sun G, Jin S. The Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacology of Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, a Chinese Herb With Potential for Development: Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:652926. [PMID: 33967794 PMCID: PMC8100461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.652926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai is a folk medicine with a long history in China, which has been applied to treat sore throat, abscess, even tumor and so on. Meanwhile, it is also used as tea in some areas. At present, more than 200 chemical compounds have been isolated and identified from it, such as, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins and so on. Pharmacological studies have already confirmed that the extracts of S. glabra have many effects, such as antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-thrombocytopenia, especially the effects of anti-tumor and anti-thrombocytopenia are confirmed in clinic. Therefore, this paper systematically summarized the traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicity of S. glabra, in order to provide a beneficial reference of its further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanlian Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Junyu Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- International Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuhua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zulun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Guojuan Sun
- International Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenrui Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect: Loss of Radioprotective Capacity of Rosmarinic Acid In Vivo and In Vitro. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020231. [PMID: 33546480 PMCID: PMC7913630 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In radiation oncology, the modulation of the bystander effect is a target both for the destruction of tumor cells and to protect healthy cells. With this objective, we determine whether the radioprotective capacity of rosmarinic acid (RA) can affect the intensity of these effects. Genoprotective capacity was obtained by determining the micronuclei frequencies in in vivo and in vitro assays and the cell survival was determined by the (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay) (MTT) assay in three cell lines (PNT2, TRAMPC1 and B16F10), both in direct exposure to X-rays and after the production of radiation-induced bystander effect. The administration of RA in irradiated cells produced a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei both in vivo and in vitro, and an increase in cell survival, as expression of its radioprotective effect (p < 0.001) attributable to its ability to scavenge radio-induced free radicals (ROS). However, RA does not achieve any modification in the animals receiving serum or in the cultures treated with the irradiated medium, which expresses an absence of radioprotective capacity. The results suggest that ROS participates in the formation of signals in directly irradiated cells, but only certain subtypes of ROS, the cytotoxic products of lipid peroxidation, participate in the creation of lesions in recipient cells.
Collapse
|
17
|
Blažević T, Reznicek G, Ding L, Yang G, Haiss P, Heiss EH, Dirsch VM, Liu R. Short Chain (≤C4) Esterification Increases Bioavailability of Rosmarinic Acid and Its Potency to Inhibit Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:609756. [PMID: 33551811 PMCID: PMC7859449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.609756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is a natural phenolic acid and active compound found in many culinary plants, such as rosemary, mint, basil and perilla. Aiming to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of rosmarinic acid and its activity on vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, we generated a series of rosmarinic acid esters with increasing alkyl chain length ranging from C1 to C12. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of rat blood samples revealed the highest increase in bioavailability of rosmarinic acid, up to 10.52%, after oral administration of its butyl ester, compared to only 1.57% after rosmarinic acid had been administered in its original form. When added to vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro, all rosmarinic acid esters were taken up, remained esterified and inhibited vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation with IC50 values declining as the length of alkyl chains increased up to C4, with an IC50 of 2.84 µM for rosmarinic acid butyl ester, as evident in a resazurin assay. Vascular smooth muscle cells were arrested in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle and the retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation was blocked. Esterification with longer alkyl chains did not improve absorption and resulted in cytotoxicity in in vitro settings. In this study, we proved that esterification with proper length of alkyl chains (C1-C4) is a promising way to improve in vivo bioavailability of rosmarinic acid in rats and in vitro biological activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Blažević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gottfried Reznicek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Limin Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Gangqiang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
| | - Patricia Haiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elke H Heiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena M Dirsch
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rongxia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, University of Yantai, Yantai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kang YJ, Lee CH, Park SJ, Lee HS, Choi MK, Song IS. Involvement of Organic Anion Transporters in the Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interaction of Rosmarinic Acid. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010083. [PMID: 33435470 PMCID: PMC7828042 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the involvement of drug transporters in the pharmacokinetics of rosmarinic acid in rats as well as the transporter-mediated drug interaction potential of rosmarinic acid in HEK293 cells overexpressing clinically important solute carrier transporters and also in rats. Intravenously injected rosmarinic acid showed bi-exponential decay and unchanged rosmarinic acid was mainly eliminated by urinary excretion, suggesting the involvement of transporters in its renal excretion. Rosmarinic acid showed organic anion transporter (OAT)1-mediated active transport with a Km of 26.5 μM and a Vmax of 69.0 pmol/min in HEK293 cells overexpressing OAT1, and the plasma concentrations of rosmarinic acid were increased by the co-injection of probenecid because of decreased renal excretion due to OAT1 inhibition. Rosmarinic acid inhibited the transport activities of OAT1, OAT3, organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP)1B1, and OATP1B3 with IC50 values of 60.6 μM, 1.52 μM, 74.8 μM, and 91.3 μM, respectively, and the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on OAT3 transport activity caused an in vivo pharmacokinetic interaction with furosemide by inhibiting its renal excretion and by increasing its plasma concentration. In conclusion, OAT1 and OAT3 are the major transporters that may regulate the pharmacokinetic properties of rosmarinic acid and may cause herb-drug interactions with rosmarinic acid, although their clinical relevance awaits further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ju Kang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Chul Haeng Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 38610, Korea;
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Korea;
| | - Min-Koo Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea;
- Correspondence: (M.-K.C.); (I.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1438 (M.-K.C.); +82-53-950-8575 (I.-S.S.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (I.-S.S.)
| | - Im-Sook Song
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-K.C.); (I.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-41-550-1438 (M.-K.C.); +82-53-950-8575 (I.-S.S.); Fax: +82-53-950-8557 (I.-S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Effect of Rosmarinic Acid and Ionizing Radiation on Glutathione in Melanoma B16F10 Cells: A Translational Opportunity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121291. [PMID: 33339425 PMCID: PMC7767074 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To explain a paradoxical radiosensitizing effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) on the melanoma B16F10 cells, we analyzed the glutathione (GSH) intracellular production on this cell (traditionally considered radioresistant) in comparison with human prostate epithelial cells (PNT2) (considered to be radiosensitive). In PNT2 cells, the administration of RA increased the total GSH content during the first 3 h (p < 0.01) as well as increased the GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio in all irradiated cultures during all periods studied (1h and 3h) (p < 0.001), portraying an increase in the radioprotective capacity. However, in B16F10 cells, administration of RA had no effect on the total intracellular GSH levels, decreasing the GSH/GSSG ratio (p < 0.01); in addition, it caused a significant reduction in the GSH/GSSG ratio in irradiated cells (p < 0.001), an expression of radioinduced cell damage. In B16F10 cells, the administration of RA possibly activates the metabolic pathway of eumelanin synthesis that would consume intracellular GSH, thereby reducing its possible use as a protector against oxidative stress. The administration of this type of substance during radiotherapy could potentially protect healthy cells for which RA is a powerful radioprotector, and at the same time, cause significant damage to melanoma cells for which it could act as a radiosensitive agent.
Collapse
|
20
|
A Comprehensive Review of Natural Products against Liver Fibrosis: Flavonoids, Quinones, Lignans, Phenols, and Acids. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7171498. [PMID: 33082829 PMCID: PMC7556091 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7171498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis resulting from continuous long-term hepatic damage represents a heavy burden worldwide. Liver fibrosis is recognized as a complicated pathogenic mechanism with extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. A series of drugs demonstrate significant antifibrotic activity in vitro and in vivo. No specific agents with ideally clinical efficacy for liver fibrosis treatment have been developed. In this review, we summarized the antifibrotic effects and molecular mechanisms of 29 kinds of common natural products. The mechanism of these compounds is correlated with anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antifibrotic activities. Moreover, parenchymal hepatic cell survival, HSC deactivation, and ECM degradation by interfering with multiple targets and signaling pathways are also involved in the antifibrotic effects of these compounds. However, there remain two bottlenecks for clinical breakthroughs. The low bioavailability of natural products should be improved, and the combined application of two or more compounds should be investigated for more prominent pharmacological effects. In summary, exploration on natural products against liver fibrosis is becoming increasingly extensive. Therefore, natural products are potential resources for the development of agents to treat liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sevastre-Berghian AC, Ielciu I, Mitre AO, Filip GA, Oniga I, Vlase L, Benedec D, Gheldiu AM, Toma VA, Mihart B, Mihuţ A, Bâldea I, Olteanu D, Chis IC, Clichici SV, Hanganu D. Targeting Oxidative Stress Reduction and Inhibition of HDAC1, MECP2, and NF-kB Pathways in Rats With Experimentally Induced Hyperglycemia by Administration of Thymus marshallianus Willd. Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:581470. [PMID: 33071792 PMCID: PMC7538623 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.581470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of two lyophilized extracts obtained from the aerial parts of Thymus marschallianus Willd. and harvested from wild flora (TMW) and obtained from culture (TMC) were evaluated in Wistar rats with experimentally induced hyperglycemia. The hyperglycemia was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) administration and the obtained results were evaluated in comparison for TMW and TMC. The polyphenolic composition of extracts was evaluated by spectrophotometrical and LC-MS methods. In vitro antioxidant capacity assays (DPPH, FRAP, EPR) were performed in order to preliminary establish the ability of tested samples to protect against free radical induced damage. Afterwards, the effects of these extracts were assessed in vivo on rats with experimental-induced hyperglycemia. Oxidative stress biomarkers (e.g. malondialdehyde-MDA), phosphorylated transcription factor subunit of nuclear kappaB (NF-kB) p65, methyl CpG binding protein (MECP) 2 and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) expressions in hippocampus and frontal lobe were assessed. Open Field Test (OFT) and Elevated Plus Maze (EPM) were conducted on tested animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and HDAC1and MeCP2 expressions increased significantly in hippocampus (p<0.05) and frontal lobe (p<0.001) of diabetes group compared to the control group in parallel with decreasing of GSH/GSSG ratio. TMW and TMC administration reduced blood glucose levels and diminished lipid peroxidation, HDAC1 expression and enhanced antioxidant capacity in frontal lobe. TMW improved central locomotion of rats, increased phospho-NFkB p65 and diminished MECP2 expressions in hippocampus. Both tested samples exerted a beneficial effect by increasing the antioxidant defense. Our findings indicate that the administration of these extracts might represent a good option in the treatment of diabetes and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Sevastre-Berghian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Otto Mitre
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gabriela A. Filip
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Vlad A. Toma
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Geology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry and Experimental Biology, Institute of Biological Research, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Molecular and Biomolecular Physics, NIRD for Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Bianca Mihart
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andra Mihuţ
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Bâldea
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Olteanu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina C. Chis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona V. Clichici
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Phenolic Acids of Plant Origin-A Review on Their Antioxidant Activity In Vitro (O/W Emulsion Systems) Along with Their in Vivo Health Biochemical Properties. Foods 2020; 9:E534. [PMID: 32344540 PMCID: PMC7231038 DOI: 10.3390/foods9040534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature has generously offered a wide range of herbs (e.g., thyme, oregano, rosemary, sage, mint, basil) rich in many polyphenols and other phenolic compounds with strong antioxidant and biochemical properties. This paper focuses on several natural occurring phenolic acids (caffeic, carnosic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, rosmarinic, vanillic) and first gives an overview of their most common natural plant sources. A summary of the recently reported antioxidant activities of the phenolic acids in o/w emulsions is also provided as an in vitro lipid-based model system. Exploring the interfacial activity of phenolic acids could help to further elucidate their potential health properties against oxidative stress conditions of biological membranes (such as lipoproteins). Finally, this review reports on the latest literature evidence concerning specific biochemical properties of the examined phenolic acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sotirios Kiokias
- Research Executive Agency (REA), Place Charles Rogier 16, 1210 Bruxelles, Belgium;
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou, 9, 15780 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Petrova NV, Sazanova KV, Medvedeva NA, Shavarda AL. Features of Metabolomic Profiles in Different Stages of Ontogenesis in Prunella vulgaris (Lamiaceae) Grown in a Climate Chamber. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162019070100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
24
|
Veras KS, Silveira Fachel FN, Delagustin MG, Teixeira HF, Barcellos T, Henriques AT, Bassani VL, Koester LS. Complexation of rosmarinic acid with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin: Formation of 2:1 complexes with improved antioxidant activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
25
|
Kumar Singh A, Cabral C, Kumar R, Ganguly R, Kumar Rana H, Gupta A, Rosaria Lauro M, Carbone C, Reis F, Pandey AK. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on Gut Microbiota and Strategies to Improve Delivery Efficiency. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2216. [PMID: 31540270 PMCID: PMC6770155 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human intestine contains an intricate ecological community of dwelling bacteria, referred as gut microbiota (GM), which plays a pivotal role in host homeostasis. Multiple factors could interfere with this delicate balance, including genetics, age, antibiotics, as well as environmental factors, particularly diet, thus causing a disruption of microbiota equilibrium (dysbiosis). Growing evidences support the involvement of GM dysbiosis in gastrointestinal (GI) and extra-intestinal cardiometabolic diseases, namely obesity and diabetes. This review firstly overviews the role of GM in health and disease, then critically reviews the evidences regarding the influence of dietary polyphenols in GM based on preclinical and clinical data, ending with strategies under development to improve efficiency of delivery. Although the precise mechanisms deserve further clarification, preclinical and clinical data suggest that dietary polyphenols present prebiotic properties and exert antimicrobial activities against pathogenic GM, having benefits in distinct disorders. Specifically, dietary polyphenols have been shown ability to modulate GM composition and function, interfering with bacterial quorum sensing, membrane permeability, as well as sensitizing bacteria to xenobiotics. In addition, can impact on gut metabolism and immunity and exert anti-inflammatory properties. In order to overcome the low bioavailability, several different approaches have been developed, aiming to improve solubility and transport of dietary polyphenols throughout the GI tract and deliver in the targeted intestinal regions. Although more research is still needed, particularly translational and clinical studies, the biotechnological progresses achieved during the last years open up good perspectives to, in a near future, be able to improve the use of dietary polyphenols modulating GM in a broad range of disorders characterized by a dysbiotic phenotype.
Collapse
Grants
- UID/NEU/04539/2013 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- UID/NEU/04539/2019 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- PTDC/SAU-NUT/31712/2017 Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007440 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031712 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-000012-HealthyAging2020 Programa Operacional Temático Factores de Competitividade
- AKS, RK and RG Senior/Junior research fellowship Council of Scientific & Industrial Research, India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST) of the Department of Science & Technology (DST), India
- AKS, RK, RG, HKR, AG and AKP acknowledgment UGC-SAP, India
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Célia Cabral
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Risha Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Harvesh Kumar Rana
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Ashutosh Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| | - Maria Rosaria Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
| | - Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy.
| | - Flávio Reis
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine; & CIBB Consortium, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine; University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Abhay K Pandey
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Niculae M, Hanganu D, Oniga I, Benedec D, Ielciu I, Giupana R, Sandru CD, Ciocârlan N, Spinu M. Phytochemical Profile and Antimicrobial Potential of Extracts Obtained from Thymus marschallianus Willd. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173101. [PMID: 31455036 PMCID: PMC6749499 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus marschallianus Willd. is a Lamiaceae species spread in a large variety of habitats worldwide. The aim of the present research was to analyse two different samples belonging to this species, one obtained from the spontaneous flora and one from culture. The total polyphenols, flavonoids, and phenolic acid contents were spectrophotometrically determined. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyphenols was performed by an HPLC-DAD-ESI (+)-MS method. For the antibacterial assay, the well-diffusion and the broth microdilution methods were used. Analysis of polyphenols revealed for both samples the presence of flavonoids like luteolin, quercetin, apigenin and their derivatives, but also of rosmarinic acid and methyl-rosmarinate. Differences regarding the amount of these compounds were emphasized. Significantly larger amounts of flavonoids were found for the sample harvested in the spontaneous flora, while for the rosmarinic acid, larger amounts were found for the cultured sample. Both samples displayed promising antibacterial activity, particularly towards Gram positive organisms. T. marschallianus represents, therefore, a rich source of polyphenolic compounds that prove its promising potential as a medicinal species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Niculae
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniela Hanganu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Daniela Benedec
- Department of Pharmacognosy, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Ielciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, "Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400010 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Radu Giupana
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Dana Sandru
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nina Ciocârlan
- Botanical Garden of Academy of Sciences, 2002 Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Marina Spinu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400374 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Joardar S, Dewanjee S, Bhowmick S, Dua TK, Das S, Saha A, De Feo V. Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity via Inhibition of Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, Inflammation and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2027. [PMID: 31022990 PMCID: PMC6514581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20082027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation was executed to reveal the protective mechanism of rosmarinic acid (RA) against cadmium (Cd)-induced nephrotoxicity. RA exhibited a concentration-dependent anti-apoptotic effect against CdCl2 in isolated mouse proximal tubular epithelial cells. Cd treatment significantly (p < 0.01) imparted oxidative stress to the renal cells via excessive ROS production, triggering NO level, NADPH oxidase activation, and impairment of cellular redox defense system. Cd-mediated oxidative stress significantly (p < 0.01) endorsed apoptosis to the murine kidney cells by triggering NF-κB/PKC-δ/TNFR2 activation. In addition, CdCl2 induced renal fibrosis by triggering TGF-β1/SMAD3/α-SMA/collagen signaling within renal cells. On the other hand, RA significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) attenuated Cd-provoked oxidative stress and associated pathological signal transduction in murine renal cells. RA treatment also could significantly (p < 0.05-0.01) reciprocate Cd-mediated pathological changes in blood and urine parameters in mice. In addition, histological data supported the pharmacological findings. In silico chemometric analyses predicted the possible interactions between RA and different signal proteins and anticipated drug-likeness characteristics of RA. Hence, RA can potentially be applied as a therapeutic agent to treat Cd-mediated nephrotoxicity in future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalata Joardar
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Shovonlal Bhowmick
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Tarun K Dua
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Sonjit Das
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Achintya Saha
- Department of Chemical Technology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata 700009, India.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bittner Fialová S, Kello M, Čoma M, Slobodníková L, Drobná E, Holková I, Garajová M, Mrva M, Zachar V, Lukáč M. Derivatization of Rosmarinic Acid Enhances its in vitro Antitumor, Antimicrobial and Antiprotozoal Properties. Molecules 2019; 24:E1078. [PMID: 30893808 PMCID: PMC6470549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
On its own, rosmarinic acid possesses multiple biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cardioprotective and antitumor properties, and these are the consequence of its ROS scavenging and inhibitory effect on inflammation. In this study, two quaternary phosphonium salts of rosmarinic acid were prepared for the purpose of increasing its penetration into biological systems with the aim of improving its antimicrobial, antifungal, antiprotozoal and antitumor activity. The synthetized molecules, the triphenylphosphonium and tricyclohexylphosphonium salts of rosmarinic acid, exhibited significantly stronger inhibitory effects on the growth of HCT116 cells with IC50 values of 7.28 or 8.13 μM in comparison to the initial substance, rosmarinic acid (>300 μM). For the synthesized derivatives, we detected a greater than three-fold increase of activity against Acanthamoeba quina, and a greater than eight-fold increase of activity against A. lugdunensis in comparison to rosmarinic acid. Furthermore, we recorded significantly higher antimicrobial activity of the synthetized derivatives when compared to rosmarinic acid itself. Both synthetized quaternary phosphonium salts of rosmarinic acid appear to be promising antitumor and antimicrobial agents, as well as impressive molecules for further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bittner Fialová
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Odbojárov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Matúš Čoma
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, P. J. Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, 040 11 Košice, Slovakia.
| | - Lívia Slobodníková
- Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eva Drobná
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakov 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ivana Holková
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakov 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Mária Garajová
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Martin Mrva
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Vlastimil Zachar
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakov 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Miloš Lukáč
- Department of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kalinčiakov 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zych M, Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak I, Wojnar W, Folwarczna J. Effect of Rosmarinic Acid on the Serum Parameters of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. Nutrients 2019; 11:E267. [PMID: 30691017 PMCID: PMC6412204 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is found in medicinal and spice plants such as rosemary, lemon balm, and mint. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of rosmarinic acid on parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism and parameters of oxidative stress in rats in the early phase of estrogen deficiency. The study was carried out on mature female Wistar rats divided into the following groups: sham-operated control rats, ovariectomized control rats, and ovariectomized rats treated orally with rosmarinic acid at a dose of 10 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg daily for 28 days. The concentration of sex hormones, parameters related to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as parameters of antioxidant abilities and oxidative damage were determined in the blood serum. In the ovariectomized control rats, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index and cholesterol concentration increased, the superoxide dismutase activity increased, and the reduced glutathione concentration decreased. Administration of rosmarinic acid at both doses induced decreases in the fructosamine concentration and HOMA-IR, an increase in the concentration of reduced glutathione, and a decrease in the concentration of advanced oxidation protein products in ovariectomized rats. Moreover, rosmarinic acid at a dose of 50 mg/kg induced a decrease in the total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The results indicate that rosmarinic acid may be useful in the prevention of metabolic disorders associated with estrogen deficiency, however further studies are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Zych
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Ilona Kaczmarczyk-Sedlak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Weronika Wojnar
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| | - Joanna Folwarczna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Min J, Chen H, Gong Z, Liu X, Wu T, Li W, Fang J, Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhao W, Zhu C, Wang Q, Mi S, Wang N. Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Properties of Rosmarinic Acid in Rat Cholestatic Liver Injury. Molecules 2018; 23:E2287. [PMID: 30205454 PMCID: PMC6225135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective and metabolic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) in rats. RA [100 mg/kg body weight (BW)] was intragastrically (i.g.) administered to Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats once a day for seven consecutive days. The rats were then i.g. administered α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) (80 mg/kg once on the 5th day) to induce acute intrahepatic cholestasis after the last administration of RA. Blood samples were collected at different time points (0.083 h, 0.17 h, 0.33 h, 0.5 h, 0.75 h, 1 h, 1.5 h, 3 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 20 h) after administration, and the levels of RA were estimated by HPLC. Plasma and bile biochemical analysis, bile flow rate, and liver histopathology were measured to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of RA. The PK-PD curves showed obviously clockwise (AST and ALT) or anticlockwise (TBA, TBIL). Pretreatment with RA at different doses significantly restrained ANIT-induced pathological changes in bile rate, TBA, TBIL, ALT, AST (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The relationship between RA concentration and its hepatoprotective effects on acute cholestasis responses was assessed by PK-PD modeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianbin Min
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology of University, Fengyang 233100, Anhui, China.
| | - Zipeng Gong
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, Guizhou Medical University, Beijing Road, Guiyang 550004, China.
| | - Xian Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Tian Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Weirong Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Jiansong Fang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Tianlai Huang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Suiqing Mi
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| | - Ningsheng Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Jichang Road 12, Guangzhou 510405, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk J, Pecio Ł, Mołdoch J, Ludwiczuk A, Kowalczyk M. Novel Phenolic Constituents of Pulmonaria officinalis L. LC-MS/MS Comparison of Spring and Autumn Metabolite Profiles. Molecules 2018; 23:E2277. [PMID: 30200600 PMCID: PMC6225171 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Lungwort (Pulmonaria officinalis L., Boraginaceae) is considered to possess therapeutic properties and it has been traditionally used as a remedy against various lung disorders in many countries. Nevertheless, very few data concerning its phytochemical composition are available. This research aims to provide a detailed description of specialized metabolites from the aerial parts of lungwort. Nine previously undescribed and 36 known phenolic compounds were detected in the 50% methanolic extract. Following multistep preparative procedures, structures of newly discovered compounds were determined using one- and two-dimensional techniques of NMR spectroscopy. Among the identified compounds were caffeic acid esters with aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids, conjugates of dicaffeic acid with rosmarinic acid, and previously unknown isomers of isosalvianolic acid A and yunnaneic acid E, as well as other lignans. Concentrations of all identified phenolic derivatives in the investigated herbal material were estimated using a method based on liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry detection. Seasonal changes in the concentration of metabolites were also investigated using targeted and untargeted metabolomics techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Krzyżanowska-Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Pecio
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Mołdoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Ludwiczuk
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki Str.1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation-State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tang KSC, Konczak I, Zhao J. Phenolic compounds of the Australian native herb Prostanthera rotundifolia and their biological activities. Food Chem 2017; 233:530-539. [PMID: 28530609 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The chemical identity and bioactivities of phenolic components of the Australian native herb Prostanthera rotundifolia were studied. Phenolic compounds were extracted with 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and purified by liquid chromatography. The antioxidant capacity of the extract and its inhibiting activity against α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase and hyaluronidase were determined. Phenolic compounds were identified by a combination of HPLC-PDA, LC-high resolution MS (LC-HRMS), LC-tandem MS (LC-MS/MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Compared to spearmint, mint bush showed comparable antioxidant capacity, stronger inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and comparable and lower activity on α-glucosidase and hyaluronidase, respectively. Major compounds identified were verbascoside (48.8%), 4-methoxycinnamic acid (36.4%), p-coumaric acid glucose ester (9.2%) and 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl sinapate (5.6%), while caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, hesperidin and naringenin were present in trace quantities. 4-Methoxycinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid glucose ester and 1-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl sinapate were identified for the first time in the genus of Prostanthera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kitty S C Tang
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Izabela Konczak
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jian Zhao
- Food Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney 2052, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ramanauskiene K, Raudonis R, Majiene D. Rosmarinic Acid and Melissa officinalis Extracts Differently Affect Glioblastoma Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1564257. [PMID: 27688825 PMCID: PMC5027300 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1564257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) has many biological effects but especially important is its neuroprotective activity. The aim of the study is to produce different extracts of Melissa officinalis and analyse their chemical composition and biological properties on rat glioblastoma C6 cells. Results revealed that rosmarinic acid (RA) is the predominant compound of lemon balm extracts. RA has cytotoxic effect on glioblastoma cells (LC50 290.5 μM after the incubation of 24 h and LC50 171.3 μM after 48 h). RA at concentration 80-130 μM suppresses the cell proliferation and has an antioxidant effect. 200 μM and higher concentrations of RA have a prooxidant effect and initiate cell death through necrosis. The aqueous extract of lemon balm is also enriched in phenolic compounds: protocatechuic, caftaric, caffeic, ferulic, and cichoric acids and flavonoid luteolin-7-glucoside. This extract at concentrations 50 μM-200 μM RA has cytotoxic activity and initiates cell death through apoptosis. Extracts prepared with 70% ethanol contain the biggest amount of active compounds. These extracts have the highest cytotoxic activity on glioblastoma cells. They initiate generation of intracellular ROS and cell death through apoptosis and necrosis. Our data suggest that differently prepared lemon balm extracts differently affect glioblastoma cells and can be used as neuroprotective agents in several therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Ramanauskiene
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Raimondas Raudonis
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Sukileliu st. 13, LT-50166 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Majiene
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 4, LT-50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu X, Liu Y, Yang Y, Xu J, Dai D, Yan C, Li X, Tang R, Yu C, Ren H. Antioxidative Stress Effects of Salvia przewalskii Extract in Experimentally Injured Podocytes. Nephron Clin Pract 2016; 134:253-271. [PMID: 27529846 DOI: 10.1159/000448223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a leading cause of puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-induced nephrosis. As the inhibition of oxidative stress may improve injury of podocyte, we aimed at examining the effect of total phenolic acid extract of Salvia przewalskii (SPE) on PAN-induced oxidative stress in vivo and in vitro. METHODS Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (n = 12), PAN alone, tacrolimus (TAC), SPE (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and normal control group. Salvianolic acid B (SalB, 5.52%) and rosmarinic acid (RA, 31.58%) were isolated from SPE. The intensities of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were evaluated by immunofluorescence. In vitro, the podocytes were assigned into groups of control, PAN alone, TAC (1 μg/ml), SPE (158, 316 μg/ml), SalB (8.5, 17 μg/ml) and RA (25, 50 μg/ml). The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cell apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry. Form factor and aspect ratio were calculated to assess mitochondrial morphology. RESULTS In vivo, PAN increased the intensity of 8-OHdG in the renal tissue in the PAN group (p < 0.05). The high-dose SPE reduced 8-OHdG significantly at levels comparable to TAC alone (p > 0.05) on day 15. The intracellular ROS production, podocytes apoptosis rate and mitochondrial fragmentation increased significantly following PAN exposure in podocytes (p < 0.05). Treatment with high-dose SalB significantly ameliorated the increase in the expression of ROS and revised the structure of mitochondria. The percentage of apoptotic cells was decreased compared with the PAN group after SPE, SalB, RA, and TAC treatment for 24 h (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that high-dose SPE significantly attenuated 8-OHdG in PAN nephrosis. Antioxidative stress effects of high-dose SPE, SalB against PAN-stimulated cultured podocyte via mechanisms include suppression of ROS expression and mitochondria fission. In addition, SPE, SalB and RA can suppress PAN-induced apoptosis.
Collapse
|
35
|
Madureira AR, Nunes S, Campos DA, Fernandes JC, Marques C, Zuzarte M, Gullón B, Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Calhau C, Sarmento B, Gomes AM, Pintado MM, Reis F. Safety profile of solid lipid nanoparticles loaded with rosmarinic acid for oral use: in vitro and animal approaches. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3621-40. [PMID: 27536103 PMCID: PMC4977102 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses several protective bioactivities that have attracted increasing interest by nutraceutical/pharmaceutical industries. Considering the reduced bioavailability after oral use, effective (and safe) delivery systems are crucial to protect RA from gastrointestinal degradation. This study aims to characterize the safety profile of solid lipid nanoparticles produced with Witepsol and Carnauba waxes and loaded with RA, using in vitro and in vivo approaches, focused on genotoxicity and cytotoxicity assays, redox status markers, hematological and biochemical profile, liver and kidney function, gut bacterial microbiota, and fecal fatty acids composition. Free RA and sage extract, empty nanoparticles, or nanoparticles loaded with RA or sage extract (0.15 and 1.5 mg/mL) were evaluated for cell (lymphocytes) viability, necrosis and apoptosis, and antioxidant/prooxidant effects upon DNA. Wistar rats were orally treated for 14 days with vehicle (control) and with Witepsol or Carnauba nanoparticles loaded with RA at 1 and 10 mg/kg body weight/d. Blood, urine, feces, and several tissues were collected for analysis. Free and loaded RA, at 0.15 mg/mL, presented a safe profile, while genotoxic potential was found for the higher dose (1.5 mg/mL), mainly by necrosis. Our data suggest that both types of nanoparticles are safe when loaded with moderate concentrations of RA, without in vitro genotoxicity and cytotoxicity and with an in vivo safety profile in rats orally treated, thus opening new avenues for use in nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Madureira
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Débora A Campos
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - João C Fernandes
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Marques
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Monica Zuzarte
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Gullón
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luís M Rodríguez-Alcalá
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences-North, CESPU, Gandra, Portugal
- “I3S” Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- INEB, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Pintado
- Catholic University of Portugal, CBQF – Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry – Associate Laboratory, Faculty of Biotechnology, Porto, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, and CNC.IBILI Consortium, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Madureira AR, Campos DA, Oliveira A, Sarmento B, Pintado MM, Gomes AM. Insights into the protective role of solid lipid nanoparticles on rosmarinic acid bioactivity during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 139:277-84. [PMID: 26766625 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The evaluation of the digestion effects on bioactive solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) was performed. For this purpose, witepsol and carnauba SLN loaded with rosmarinic acid (RA) were exposed to the simulated gastrointestinal tract (GIT) conditions prevailing in stomach and small intestine. The simulation of intestinal epithelium was made with a dialysis bag and intestinal cell culture lines. Changes on SLN physical properties, RA release and absorption profiles were followed at each step. Combination of digestion pH and enzymes showed a significant effect upon SLN physical properties. Zeta potential values increased at stomach conditions and decreased at small intestine simulation. Also, at intestine, SLN increased their sizes and released 40-60% of RA, maintaining its initial antioxidant activity values. Sustained release of 40% of RA from SLN was also observed in dialysis tube. At CaCo-2 cell line, both types of SLN showed similar absorbed RA % (ca. 30%). Nevertheless, in CaCo-2/HT29x mix cell lines, for carnauba SLN a lower adsorption RA % was observed than for witepsol SLN. Solid lipid nanoparticles protected RA bioactivity (in terms of antioxidant activity) until reaching the intestine. A controlled release of RA from SLN was achieved and a significant absorption was observed at intestinal cells. Overall, SLN produced with witepsol showed a higher stability than carnauba SLN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Raquel Madureira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Débora A Campos
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Oliveira
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- I3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal and INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra-PRD, Portugal
| | - Maria Manuela Pintado
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Maria Gomes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina-Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Rua Arquiteto Lobão Vital Apartado 2511, 4202-401 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|