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Gomes-Neto JC, Pavlovikj N, Korth N, Naberhaus SA, Arruda B, Benson AK, Kreuder AJ. Salmonella enterica induces biogeography-specific changes in the gut microbiome of pigs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1186554. [PMID: 37781286 PMCID: PMC10537282 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1186554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Swine are a major reservoir of an array of zoonotic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica lineage I serovars including Derby, Typhimurium, and 4,[5],12:i:- (a.k.a. Monophasic Typhimurium). In this study, we assessed the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome composition of pigs in different intestinal compartments and the feces following infection with specific zoonotic serovars of S. enterica (S. Derby, S. Monophasic, and S. Typhimurium). 16S rRNA based microbiome analysis was performed to assess for GI microbiome changes in terms of diversity (alpha and beta), community structure and volatility, and specific taxa alterations across GI biogeography (small and large intestine, feces) and days post-infection (DPI) 2, 4, and 28; these results were compared to disease phenotypes measured as histopathological changes. As previously reported, only S. Monophasic and S. Typhimurium induced morphological alterations that marked an inflammatory milieu restricted to the large intestine in this experimental model. S. Typhimurium alone induced significant changes at the alpha- (Simpson's and Shannon's indexes) and beta-diversity levels, specifically at the peak of inflammation in the large intestine and feces. Increased community dispersion and volatility in colonic apex and fecal microbiomes were also noted for S. Typhimurium. All three Salmonella serovars altered community structure as measured by co-occurrence networks; this was most prominent at DPI 2 and 4 in colonic apex samples. At the genus taxonomic level, a diverse array of putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria were altered and often decreased during the peak of inflammation at DPI 2 and 4 within colonic apex and fecal samples. Among all putative SCFA producing bacteria, Prevotella showed a broad pattern of negative correlation with disease scores at the peak of inflammation. In addition, Prevotella 9 was found to be significantly reduced in all Salmonella infected groups compared to the control at DPI 4 in the colonic apex. In conclusion, this work further elucidates that distinct swine-related zoonotic serovars of S. enterica can induce both shared (high resilience) and unique (altered resistance) alterations in gut microbiome biogeography, which helps inform future investigations of dietary modifications aimed at increasing colonization resistance against Salmonella through GI microbiome alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Carlos Gomes-Neto
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Natasha Pavlovikj
- Holland Computing Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Nate Korth
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Samantha A. Naberhaus
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bailey Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Andrew K. Benson
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Amanda J. Kreuder
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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Ji L, Lin X, Yuan K, Li Y, Leghari A, Yuan B, Lin H. The recombinant swinepox virus expressing sseB could provide piglets with strong protection against Salmonella typhimurium challenge. Microb Pathog 2022; 172:105801. [PMID: 36170951 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. poses a great threat to the livestock, food safety and public health. A recombinant swinepox virus expressing a protective antigen sseB was constructed by homologous recombination to develop a vaccine against Salmonella infection. The rSPV-sseB was verified using PCR, Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The immune responses and protective efficacy of rSPV-sseB were assessed in piglets. Forty piglets were immunized with rSPV-sseB, inactive Salmonella vaccine, wild-type SPV (wtSPV), or PBS. The results showed that the level of the sseB-specific antibody of the rSPV-sseB-vaccinated piglets was significantly higher at all time points post-vaccination than those of the inactivated Salmonella vaccine (P < 0.05), wtSPV (P < 0.001) or mock treated piglets (P < 0.001). The IL-4 and IFN-γ in the rSPV-sseB group were significantly higher than the other three groups at all post-infection time points. rSPV-sseB provided piglets with strong protection against the challenge of S. typhimurium with lethal dose. These results suggest the possibility of using recombinant swinepox virus rSPV-sseB as a promising vaccine to prevent Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ji
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xisha Lin
- School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production, Processing and Quality Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Kenan Yuan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yue Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ambreen Leghari
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Sakrand, Sindh, 67210, Pakistan
| | - Bingbing Yuan
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Okafor CC, Ekakoro JE, Caldwell M, Strand EB. Emotive Themes from Tennessee Cattle Producers Regarding Responsible Antibiotic Use. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162088. [PMID: 36009678 PMCID: PMC9405180 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve judicious antimicrobial use (AMU) in food animals in the United States, all feed additives that were medically important antimicrobials were moved from over the counter to Veterinary Feed Directive in 2017. This action required a change in behavior of producers’ AMU practices. Because emotions are important aspects of behavior, several behavioral interventions have targeted people’s emotions as means of effecting change. Hence, understanding and incorporating the emotional experiences of producers towards current AMU practices can be a starting point to making future behavioral changes that could reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance challenge. Between June 2017 and March 2018, seven focus group meetings of Tennessee (TN) beef and dairy cattle producers were conducted to evaluate producers’ emotional views regarding responsible AMU in TN cattle. Sixty-two TN cattle producers participated and emotively expressed the following: (1) deep connections to animals in ways that improve animal and public health; (2) pride in their quality of products; (3) distress that consumers misconceive their AMU practices as indiscriminate; and (4) recommended that producers be more transparent about their AMU practices and the public improve their awareness for detecting marketers’ deceptive product labels that take advantage of public ignorance. Knowledge of these producers’ emotions would help educators target more successful behavioral change campaigns, improving stewardship in AMU practices among producers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika C. Okafor
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - John E. Ekakoro
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Marc Caldwell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Strand
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Udder health, veterinary costs, and antibiotic usage in free stall compared with tie stall dairy housing systems: An optimized matching approach in Switzerland. Res Vet Sci 2022; 152:333-353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cao J, Zhang H, Nian Q, Xu Q. Electrospun chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers mat loaded with copper (II) as a new sensor for colorimetric detection of tetracycline. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 212:527-535. [PMID: 35580746 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using electrospun chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibers mat (CS/PEO NFM) as carrier, Cu@CS/PEO NFM, a new tetracycline (TC) solid-state colorimetric sensor, were simply prepared by directly immobilizing Cu2+ on surface of CS/PEO NFM. After immersing in TC solutions, Cu@CS/PEO NFM can display visible color changes to the naked eye within 5.0 min, and the TC concentration-dependent color changes can also be quantitatively analyzed with a smartphone. Because Cu2+ can enhance the adsorption of CS/PEO NFM for TC, Cu@CS/PEO NFM possess a more sensitive response ability to TC, ensuring that the colorimetric sensing detection will not be interfered by other coexisting drugs. Due to the reversible combination of chitosan and Cu2+, the colorimetric sensing ability of Cu@CS/PEO NFM can be regenerated even after being reused at least 4 times. In addition, the naked eye detection limit of Cu@CS/PEO NFM-based colorimetric sensing is 65 μg kg-1, which does not exceed the maximum residue limit in milk samples set by China (100 μg kg-1). The obtained results fully indicated the practical application value of this method in preventing the hazard of TC residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Huayin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qixun Nian
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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A Ternary Copper (II) Complex with 4-Fluorophenoxyacetic Acid Hydrazide in Combination with Antibiotics Exhibits Positive Synergistic Effect against Salmonella Typhimurium. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030388. [PMID: 35326852 PMCID: PMC8944508 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella spp. continues to figure prominently in world epidemiological registries as one of the leading causes of bacterial foodborne disease. We characterised 43 Brazilian lineages of Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) strains, characterized drug resistance patterns, tested copper (II) complex as control options, and proposed effective antimicrobial measures. The minimum inhibitory concentration was evaluated for seven antimicrobials, isolated and combined with the copper (II) complex [Cu(4-FH)(phen)(ClO4)2] (4-FH = 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid hydrazide and phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), known as DRI-12, in planktonic and sessile ST. In parallel, 42 resistance genes were screened (PCR/microarray). All strains were multidrug resistant (MDR). Resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins (86 and 88%, respectively) have drawn attention to the emergence of the problem in Brazil, and resistance is observed also to CIP and CFT (42 and 67%, respectively), the drugs of choice in treatment. Resistance to beta-lactams was associated with the genes blaTEM/blaCTX-M in 39% of the strains. Lower concentrations of DRI-12 (62.7 mg/L, or 100 μM) controlled planktonic and sessile ST in relation to AMP/SUL/TET and AMP/SUL/TET/COL, respectively. The synergistic effect provided by DRI-12 was significant for COL/CFT and COL/AMP in planktonic and sessile ST, respectively, and represents promising alternatives for the control of MDR ST.
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Ding C, Wu H, Cao X, Ma X, Gao X, Gao Z, Liu S, Fan W, Liu B, Song S. Lactobacillus johnsonii 3-1 and Lactobacillus crispatus 7-4 promote the growth performance and ileum development and participate in lipid metabolism of broilers. Food Funct 2021; 12:12535-12549. [PMID: 34812468 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03209g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Long-term use of antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in animal production is the main cause of antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, seeking alternatives to AGP is crucial for animal husbandry. Among all AGP alternatives, probiotics are promising candidates. In this study, two strains of lactic acid bacteria, L. johnsonii 3-1 and L. crispatus 7-4, were isolated from the feces of wild Gallus gallus, which exhibited obvious anti-pathogenic activity and improved the growth performance of broilers. Furthermore, we found that these two strains participated in the lipid metabolism of broilers by reducing the content of TC and TG in ileal epithelial cells and up-regulating the liver AMPKα/PPARα/CPT-1 pathway, which affects abdominal fat deposition. In summary, L. johnsonii 3-1 and L. crispatus 7-4 have the potential to be used as AGP substitutes and participate in the lipid metabolism of broilers to reduce abdominal fat deposition. Importantly, our study reveals for the first time that L. crispatus participates in liver lipid metabolism to reduce abdominal fat deposition in broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ding
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Huixian Wu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China. .,Management office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Xiuyun Cao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xujie Ma
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Xiaona Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Zhangshan Gao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shuhui Liu
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Wentao Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Management office of Dafeng Milu National Nature Reserve, Yancheng, 224136, China
| | - Suquan Song
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Pavelquesi SLS, de Oliveira Ferreira ACA, Rodrigues ARM, de Souza Silva CM, Orsi DC, da Silva ICR. Presence of Tetracycline and Sulfonamide Resistance Genes in Salmonella spp.: Literature Review. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111314. [PMID: 34827252 PMCID: PMC8615168 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetracyclines and sulfonamides are broad-spectrum antibacterial agents which have been used to treat bacterial infections for over half a century. The widespread use of tetracyclines and sulfonamides led to the emergence of resistance in a diverse group of bacteria. This resistance can be studied by searching for resistance genes present in the bacteria responsible for different resistance mechanisms. Salmonella is one of the leading bacteria causing foodborne diseases worldwide, and its resistance to tetracyclines and sulfonamides has been widely reported. The literature review searched the Virtual Health Library for articles with specific data in the studied samples: the resistance genes found, the primers used in PCR, and the thermocycler conditions. The results revealed that Salmonella presented high rates of resistance to tetracycline and sulfonamide, and the most frequent samples used to isolate Salmonella were poultry and pork. The tetracycline resistance genes most frequently detected from Salmonella spp. were tetA followed by tetB. The gene sul1 followed by sul2 were the most frequently sulfonamide resistance genes present in Salmonella. These genes are associated with plasmids, transposons, or both, and are often conjugative, highlighting the transference potential of these genes to other bacteria, environments, animals, and humans.
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Abdelfattah EM, Ekong PS, Okello E, Williams DR, Karle BM, Rowe JD, Marshall ES, Lehenbauer TW, Aly SS. 2019 Survey of Antimicrobial Drug Use and Stewardship Practices in Adult Cows on California Dairies: Post Senate Bill 27. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1507. [PMID: 34361940 PMCID: PMC8304910 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9071507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global issue for both human and animal health. Antimicrobial drug (AMD) use in animals can contribute to the emergence of AMR. In January 2018, California (CA) implemented legislation (Senate Bill 27; SB 27) requiring veterinary prescriptions for medically important AMD use in food animals. The objective of our survey was to characterize AMD use, health management, and AMD stewardship practices of adult cows on CA dairies since the implementation of SB 27. In 2019, we mailed a questionnaire to 1282 California dairies. We received a total of 131 (10.2%) survey responses from 19 counties in CA. Our results showed that 45.6% of respondents included a veterinarian in their decision on which injectable AMD to purchase. Additionally, 48.8% of dairy producers included a veterinarian in their decision on which AMDs were used to treat sick cows. The majority (96.8%) of dairy producers were aware that all uses of medically important AMDs require a prescription. Approximately 49% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that AMD use in livestock does not cause problems in humans. The survey documents antimicrobial use and stewardship practices in CA's dairy industry and focus areas for future research and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam M. Abdelfattah
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor 13736, Egypt
| | - Pius S. Ekong
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Emmanuel Okello
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Deniece R. Williams
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
| | - Betsy M. Karle
- Cooperative Extension, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Orland, CA 95963, USA;
| | - Joan D. Rowe
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Edith S. Marshall
- Antimicrobial Use and Stewardship, Animal Health and Food Safety Services Division, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95814, USA;
| | - Terry W. Lehenbauer
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Sharif S. Aly
- Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Tulare, CA 93274, USA or (E.M.A.); (P.S.E.); (E.O.); (D.R.W.); (T.W.L.)
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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11
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Lees P, Pelligand L, Giraud E, Toutain PL. A history of antimicrobial drugs in animals: Evolution and revolution. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:137-171. [PMID: 32725687 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary process of antimicrobial drug (AMD) uses in animals over a mere eight decades (1940-2020) has led to a revolutionary outcome, and both evolution and revolution are ongoing, with reports on a range of uses, misuses and abuses escalating logarithmically. As well as veterinary therapeutic perspectives (efficacy, safety, host toxicity, residues, selection of drug, determination of dose and measurement of outcome in treating animal diseases), there are also broader, nontherapeutic uses, some of which have been abandoned, whilst others hopefully will soon be discontinued, at least in more developed countries. Although AMD uses for treatment of animal diseases will continue, it must: (a) be sustainable within the One Health paradigm; and (b) devolve into more prudent, rationally based therapeutic uses. As this review on AMDs is published in a Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, its scope has been made broader than most recent reviews in this field. Many reviews have focused on negative aspects of AMD actions and uses, especially on the question of antimicrobial resistance. This review recognizes these concerns but also emphasizes the many positive aspects deriving from the use of AMDs, including the major research-based advances underlying both the prudent and rational use of AMDs. It is structured in seven sections: (1) Introduction; (2) Sulfonamide history; (3) Nontherapeutic and empirical uses of AMDs (roles of agronomists and veterinarians); (4) Rational uses of AMDs (roles of pharmacologists, clinicians, industry and regulatory controls); (5) Prudent use (residue monitoring, antimicrobial resistance); (6) International and inter-disciplinary actions; and (7) Conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lees
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Etienne Giraud
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Toutain
- The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- INTHERES, INRA, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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12
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Gilbert W, Thomas LF, Coyne L, Rushton J. Review: Mitigating the risks posed by intensification in livestock production: the examples of antimicrobial resistance and zoonoses. Animal 2020; 15:100123. [PMID: 33573940 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2020.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major shifts in how animals are bred, raised and slaughtered are involved in the intensification of livestock systems. Globally, these changes have produced major increases in access to protein-rich foods with high levels of micronutrients. Yet the intensification of livestock systems generates numerous externalities including environmental degradation, zoonotic disease transmission and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Where the process of intensification is most advanced, the expertise, institutions and regulations required to manage these externalities have developed over time, often in response to hard lessons, crises and challenges to public health. By exploring the drivers of intensification, the foci of future intensification can be identified. Low- and middle-income (LMICs) countries are likely to experience significant intensification in livestock production in the near future; however, the lessons learned elsewhere are not being transferred rapidly enough to develop risk mitigation capacity in these settings. At present, fragmentary approaches to address these problems present an incomplete picture of livestock populations, antimicrobial use, and disease risks in LMIC settings. A worldwide improvement in evidence-based zoonotic disease and AMR management within intensifying livestock production systems demands better information on the burden of livestock-associated disease, antimicrobial use and resistance and resources allocated to mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Gilbert
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - L F Thomas
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK.; International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - L Coyne
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - J Rushton
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK..
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13
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Köper LM, Bode C, Bender A, Reimer I, Heberer T, Wallmann J. Eight years of sales surveillance of antimicrobials for veterinary use in Germany-What are the perceptions? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237459. [PMID: 32776971 PMCID: PMC7416935 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A surveillance system for sales volumes of antimicrobial agents for veterinary use was established in Germany in 2011. Since then, pharmaceutical companies and wholesalers have been legally obliged to report annual volumes of veterinary antimicrobial products sold to veterinary practices or clinics located in Germany. The evaluation of sales volumes for eight consecutive years resulted in a considerable total decrease by 58% from 1706 tons to 722 tons. During the investigation period, two legally binding measures to control the risk of antimicrobial resistance resulting from the veterinary use of antimicrobials were introduced, a) the German treatment frequencies benchmarking in 2014 and b) the obligation to conduct susceptibility testing for the use of cephalosporins of the 3rd and 4th generation and of fluoroquinolones in 2018. Both had a marked impact on sales volumes. Nonetheless, the category of Critically Important Antimicrobials as defined by the World Health Organization kept accounting for the highest share on sales volumes in Germany in 2018 with 403 tons, despite an overall reduction by 53%. Sales surveillance is considered essential for data retrieval on a global scale and inter-country comparison. However, the usability of a surveillance system based on sales data for risk management of antimicrobial resistance has limitations. The German system does not include off-label use of antimicrobial products authorized for human medicine and does not allow for identification of areas of high risk according to animal species, farm and production types and indications for treatment. For further reduction and enhanced promotion of a prudent use of antimicrobials, targeted measures would be required that could only be deducted from use data collected at farm or veterinary practice level. A surveillance system based on use data is currently lacking in Germany but will be established according to Regulation (EU) 2019/6 on veterinary medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia M. Köper
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Christoph Bode
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Alice Bender
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inke Reimer
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Heberer
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wallmann
- Department Veterinary Drugs, Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL), Berlin, Germany
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Al-Ajmi D, Rahman S, Banu S. Occurrence, virulence genes, and antimicrobial profiles of Escherichia coli O157 isolated from ruminants slaughtered in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:210. [PMID: 32677884 PMCID: PMC7364618 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-01899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major source of food-borne illness around the world. E. coli O157 has been widely reported as the most common STEC serogroup and has emerged as an important enteric pathogen. Cattle, in particular have been identified as a major E. coli O157:H7 reservoir of human infections; however, the prevalence of this organism in camels, sheep, and goats is less understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and concentration of E. coli serotype O157 in the feces of healthy camels (n = 140), cattle (n = 137), sheep (n = 141) and goats (n = 150) slaughtered in United Arab Emirates (UAE) for meat consumption between September 2017 and August 2018. We used immunomagnetic separation coupled with a culture-plating method to detect E. coli O157. Non-sorbitol fermenting colonies were assessed via latex-agglutination testing, and positive cultures were analyzed by performing polymerase chain reactions to detect genes encoding attaching and effacing protein (eaeA), hemolysin A (hlyA, also known as ehxA) and Shiga toxin (stx1 and stx2), and E. coli O157:H7 specific genes (rfb O157, uidA, and fliC). All E. coli O157 isolates were analyzed for their susceptibility to 20 selected antimicrobials. RESULTS E. coli O157 was observed in camels, goats, and cattle fecal samples at abundances of 4.3, 2, and 1.46%, respectively, but it was undetectable in sheep feces. The most prevalent E. coli O157 gene in all STEC isolates was stx2;, whereas, stx1 was not detected in any of the samples. The fecal samples from camels, goats, and cattle harbored E. coli O157 isolates that were 100% susceptible to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and polymyxin B. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report on the occurrence of E. coli O157 in slaughter animals in the UAE. Our results clearly demonstrate the presence of E. coli O157 in slaughtered animals, which could possibly contaminate meat products intended for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Al-Ajmi
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Shafeeq Rahman
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sharmila Banu
- Department of Integrative Agriculture, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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15
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The antibiotics resistance mechanism and pathogenicity of cold stressed Staphylococcus aureus. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Bogomazova AN, Gordeeva VD, Krylova EV, Soltynskaya IV, Davydova EE, Ivanova OE, Komarov AA. Mega-plasmid found worldwide confers multiple antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Infantis of broiler origin in Russia. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 319:108497. [PMID: 31927155 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Plasmids which are the mobile part of the bacterial genome can acquire and carry over genes conferring antimicrobial resistance, thus contributing to rapid adaptation of bacterial community to human-defined environment. In 2014, Israeli scientists have reported a large conjugative mega-plasmid pESI (plasmid for emerging S. Infantis) that provides multiple drug resistance (MDR) of Salmonella Infantis isolated from broilers. Later, very similar pESI-like plasmids have been found in Salmonella isolated from poultry in the United States, Italy, Switzerland, Hungary, and Japan. Here we report detection of pESI-like plasmids in Salmonella Infantis isolated from chicken food products in Russia. Whole genome sequencing of three MDR isolates revealed pESI-like plasmids in all three cases. These plasmids have such typical pESI features as a locus for siderophore yersiniabactin, a cluster of IncI1 conjugative genes, a cluster of type IV pilus genes, and three toxin-antitoxin modules. The pESI-like plasmids carry from two to five resistance genes in each isolate. In total, we observed six antimicrobial resistance genes associated with pESI-like plasmids (aadA1, blaCTX-M-14, dfrA14, sul1, tetA/tetR, tetM). Besides plasmid genes of antimicrobial resistance, all three MDR isolates of S. Infantis harbor a mutation in chromosomal gene gyrA (p.S83Y or p.D87Y) that is associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones. In addition, we performed a comparative bioinformatics meta-analysis of 25 pESI-like plasmids hosted by S. Infantis from the USA, Europe, Latin America, Israel, and Japan. This analysis identified a 173 kB sequence that is common for all pESI-like plasmids and carries virulence operons and toxin-antitoxin modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Bogomazova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia.
| | - Veronika D Gordeeva
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina V Krylova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
| | - Irina V Soltynskaya
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina E Davydova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
| | - Olga E Ivanova
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
| | - Alexander A Komarov
- The Russian State Center for Animal Feed and Drug Standardization and Quality (FGBU "VGNKI"), Zvenigorodskoe shosse 5, Moscow 132022, Russia
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Varga C, Guerin MT, Brash ML, Slavic D, Boerlin P, Susta L. Antimicrobial resistance in fecal Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica isolates: a two-year prospective study of small poultry flocks in Ontario, Canada. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:464. [PMID: 31864357 PMCID: PMC6925488 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although keeping small poultry flocks is increasingly popular in Ontario, information on the antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric bacteria of such flocks is lacking. The current study was conducted on small poultry flocks in Ontario between October 2015 and September 2017, and samples were submitted on a voluntary basis to Ontario’s Animal Health Laboratory. From each submission, a pooled cecal sample was obtained from all the birds of the same species from the same flock and tested for the presence of two common enteric pathogens, E. coli and Salmonella. Three different isolates from each E. coli-positive sample and one isolate from each Salmonella-positive sample were selected and tested for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials using a broth microdilution technique. Results A total of 433 fecal E. coli isolates (358 chicken, 27 turkey, 24 duck, and 24 game bird) and 5 Salmonella isolates (3 chicken, 1 turkey, and 1 duck) were recovered. One hundred and sixty-seven chicken, 5 turkey, 14 duck, and 15 game bird E. coli isolates were pan-susceptible. For E. coli, a moderate to high proportion of isolates were resistant to tetracycline (43% chicken, 81% turkey, 42% duck, and 38% game bird isolates), streptomycin (29% chicken, 37% turkey, and 33% game bird isolates), sulfonamides (17% chicken, 37% turkey, and 21% duck isolates), and ampicillin (16% chicken and 41% turkey isolates). Multidrug resistance was found in 37% of turkey, 20% of chicken, 13% of duck, and 8% of game bird E. coli isolates. Salmonella isolates were most frequently resistant to streptomycin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides. Resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, macrolides, and quinolones was infrequent in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Cluster and correlation analyses identified streptomycin-tetracycline-sulfisoxazole-trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as the most common resistance pattern in chicken E. coli isolates. Turkey E. coli isolates compared to all the other poultry species had higher odds of resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, and a higher multidrug resistance rate. Conclusions Escherichia coli isolates were frequently resistant to antimicrobials commonly used to treat poultry bacterial infections, which highlights the necessity of judicious antimicrobial use to limit the emergence of multidrug resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Varga
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61802, USA.
| | - Michele T Guerin
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Marina L Brash
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Durda Slavic
- Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Patrick Boerlin
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Leonardo Susta
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
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18
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Döring S, Geisthardt N, Freitag H, Kobusch I, Boelhauve M, Mergenthaler M. Animal Hygiene Indexes in Relation to Big-Five Personality Traits of German Pig Farmers Evaluated by Self- and Other-Rating. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:379. [PMID: 31824965 PMCID: PMC6879459 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Improving biosecurity in intensive livestock production has become an increasingly challenging task. Often, animal hygiene measures are implemented at lower levels than recommended. Therefore, veterinarians and farm advisors look for new approaches to improve their advisory process with farmers. In the current study it has been hypothesized that German pig farmers' big-five measured personality traits might correlate with farms' biosecurity level expressed by a “continuous animal hygiene index” and a “technical animal hygiene index.” Hence, comprehensive data on the implementation of more than 100 hygiene measures were collected at farm level from a specific pilot sample of 42 pig farmers from a livestock intensive region in north-western Germany. In addition, big-five personality traits (BFI-S) were measured by self- and other-rating. Inter-rater reliabilities for personality traits indicated expected positive correlations apart from agreeableness (rS = −0.101). Regarding the self-rating, neuroticism was valued lowest (x¯ = 3.88 ± 1.18) and conscientiousness highest (x¯ = 5.68 ± 0.70). The animal hygiene indexes revealed medium biosecurity levels on the participating farms. Piglet breeders had a significantly higher value for the “continuous animal hygiene index” (x¯ = 63.00 ± 9.91%). Personality traits conscientiousness and openness showed correlations with the continuous and the technical animal hygiene index. Depending on the production systems as well as the rating perspectives, correlations varied. For one of the personality traits playing a direct role in social interaction—extraversion—the advisory process might function as a mediating factor. The current results show that clustering of single hygiene measures into indexes in the evaluation of pig farms' biosecurity level might have advantages. The preliminary results from this study should be validated in larger, more representative samples. Furthermore, structured and systematic consideration of personality traits of farmers adds an additional aspect to include individuality of farmers more systematically in complex advisory processes. Interaction of personality traits with characteristics of the advisory process should be further researched and should be included in a much broader socio-political understanding of what is involved in changing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Döring
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Nicole Geisthardt
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Henrike Freitag
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Iris Kobusch
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Marc Boelhauve
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
| | - Marcus Mergenthaler
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Soest, Germany
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19
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Cohen E, Davidovich M, Rokney A, Valinsky L, Rahav G, Gal-Mor O. Emergence of new variants of antibiotic resistance genomic islands among multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica in poultry. Environ Microbiol 2019; 22:413-432. [PMID: 31715658 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) are diverse and important bacterial pathogens consisting of more than 2600 different serovars, with varying host-specificity. Here, we characterized the poultry-associated serovars in Israel, analysed their resistome and illuminated the molecular mechanisms underlying common multidrug resistance (MDR) patterns. We show that at least four serovars including Infantis, Muenchen, Newport and Virchow present a strong epidemiological association between their temporal trends in poultry and humans. Worrisomely, 60% from all of the poultry isolates tested (n = 188) were multidrug resistant, mediated by chromosomal SNPs and different mobile genetics elements. A novel streptomycin-azithromycin resistance island and previously uncharacterized versions of the mobilized Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) were identified and characterized in S. Blockley and S. Kentucky isolates respectively. Moreover, we demonstrate that the acquisition of SGI1 does not impose fitness cost during growth under nutrient-limited conditions or in the context of Salmonella infection in the mouse model. Overall, our data emphasize the role of the poultry production as a pool of specific epidemic MDR strains and autonomous genetic elements, which confer resistance to heavy metals and medically relevant antibiotics. These are likely to disseminate to humans via the food chain and fuel the increasing global antibiotic resistance crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Cohen
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | | | - Assaf Rokney
- Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lea Valinsky
- Central Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Galia Rahav
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ohad Gal-Mor
- The Infectious Diseases Research Laboratory, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Obaidat MM, Stringer AP. Prevalence, molecular characterization, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on dairy cattle farms in Jordan. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8710-8720. [PMID: 31351714 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the prevalence, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles, and antimicrobial resistance profile of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 isolates from dairy cattle farms in Jordan. Samples from bulk tank milk (n = 305), cattle feces (n = 610), and rectoanal mucosal swabs (n = 610) were collected from 61 dairy cattle farms. We confirmed 32 L. monocytogenes, 28 S. enterica, and 24 E. coli O157:H7 isolates from the samples. The farm-level prevalence (at least 1 positive sample per farm) of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 was 27.9, 19.7, and 23.0%, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 in bulk tank milk was 7.5, 1.6, and 3.3%, respectively. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes and S. enterica in fecal samples was 1.5 and 3.8%, respectively, and the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rectoanal mucosal swabs was 2.3%. Based on disk diffusion testing, all L. monocytogenes, S. enterica, and E. coli O157:H7 isolates exhibited resistance to at least 1 antimicrobial class. Multidrug resistance (resistance to 3 or more classes of antimicrobials) was exhibited by 96.9% of L. monocytogenes, 91.7% of E. coli O157:H7, and 82.1% of S. enterica isolates. Moreover, 93.8, 79.2, and 57.1% of the L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and S. enterica isolates, respectively, were resistant to 5 or more antimicrobial classes. More than 50% of L. monocytogenes isolates were resistant to ampicillin, clindamycin, penicillin, erythromycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, streptomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, vancomycin, kanamycin, and tetracycline. More than 50% of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 isolates were resistant to ampicillin, cephalothin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, streptomycin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and tetracycline. The prevalence of the studied pathogens this study was comparable to reports from other countries. The isolated pathogens exhibited a high degree of antimicrobial resistance, suggesting that the bacterial flora of dairy cattle in Jordan are under intense antimicrobial selection pressure. Additional research is required to determine the causes and drivers of resistance, and to develop approaches to mitigating antimicrobial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Obaidat
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan.
| | - Andrew P Stringer
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27607
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Ekakoro JE, Caldwell M, Strand EB, Strickland L, Okafor CC. A survey of antimicrobial use practices of Tennessee beef producers. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:222. [PMID: 31266492 PMCID: PMC6604443 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inappropriate antimicrobial use (AMU) is a key modifiable factor that leads to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The objectives of this study were to determine the following among Tennessee beef cattle producers: (1) the opinions on factors driving AMU (2) opinions on alternatives to antimicrobials, (3) the knowledge and perceptions regarding AMU and AMR, and (4) the preferred avenues for receiving information on prudent AMU. A survey questionnaire was made available to participants both in print and online from January 26, 2018 through May 11, 2018. The questions targeted the producers' demographics and their AMU practices; factors driving producer's choice of antimicrobials; perceptions, opinions and concerns about AMU and AMR in cattle production. Ordinal logistic regression was used to test for associations between the captured demographic information and producers' degree of concern about AMR. RESULTS Overall, 231 beef producers responded to all or some of the survey questions. More than 60% of the participants mentioned that they kept up-to-date written records on antimicrobial purchases and AMU. Regarding extra-label use, 169 (84.1%) of the 201 respondents did not practice extra-label AMU. Profitability of the beef operation was a key factor influencing the decisions of many producers to use antimicrobials for disease management and prevention on their farms. Of the 228 producers who completed the question on the rating of their degree of concern about AMR, 50 (21.9%) reported that they were very concerned about AMR, 133 (58.3%) were moderately concerned, and 36 (15.8%) reported that they were not concerned about AMR. Nine producers (4%) did not rate their degree of concern about AMR because they were not familiar with what antimicrobial resistance meant. The inferential analyses suggested that younger beef producers were significantly less concerned about AMR when compared to the older ones (P = 0.019). Regarding avenues for receiving information on prudent AMU, no single medium was most preferred by all the respondents. CONCLUSIONS There is a need to promote the use of written antimicrobial treatment protocols among beef producers in Tennessee. Continued training for beef producers on infection prevention and control and prudent AMU is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Ekakoro
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Marc Caldwell
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Elizabeth B. Strand
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Lew Strickland
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, 2506 River Dr, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
| | - Chika C. Okafor
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, 2407 River Drive, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA
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Lanciotti R, Braschi G, Patrignani F, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. How Listeria monocytogenes Shapes Its Proteome in Response to Natural Antimicrobial Compounds. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:437. [PMID: 30930865 PMCID: PMC6423498 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the adaptation of L. monocytogenes Scott A cells to treatments with sublethal doses of antimicrobials (ethanol, citral, carvacrol, E-2-hexenal and thyme essential oil). The survival of L. monocytogenes cells was not affected by the antimicrobials at the concentrations assayed, with the exception of ethanol (1% v/v) and thyme essential oil (100 mg/L), which decreased cell viability from 8.53 ± 0.36 to 7.20 ± 0.22 log CFU/mL (P = 0.04). We subsequently evaluated how L. monocytogenes regulates and shapes its proteome in response to antimicrobial compounds. Compared to the control cells grown under optimal conditions, L. monocytogenes treated for 1 h with the antimicrobial compounds showed increased or decreased (≥ or ≤2-fold, respectively, P < 0.05) levels of protein synthesis for 223 protein spots. As shown multivariate clustering analysis, the proteome profiles differed between treatments. Adaptation and shaping of proteomes mainly concerned cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome, motility and regulatory related proteins, carbohydrate, pyruvate, nucleotide and nitrogen metabolism, cofactors and vitamins and stress response with contrasting responses for different stresses. Ethanol, citral (85 mg/l) or (E)-2-hexenal (150 mg/L) adapted cells increased survival during acid stress imposed under model (BHI) and food-like systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Lanciotti
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Braschi
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Patrignani
- Dipartmento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-Alimentari, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Maria De Angelis
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Li Y, Mohammed A, Li D, Wang L. Test strips based on iron(iii)-impregnated alginate/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for naked eye screening of tetracycline. Analyst 2019; 143:3029-3039. [PMID: 29721556 DOI: 10.1039/c7an02038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) is an inexpensive broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat infectious diseases and to promote growth in animals. However, driven by economic interest, abuse of TC poses a serious threat to human beings, and it remains a significant challenge to create easy-to-use TC colorimetric test strips for public use. Herein, we present a strategy to prepare free-standing, nanofibrous structured test strips with tortuous porous structure and large surface area by combining polyacrylonitrile nanofibrous membranes (PAN NMs), alginate, and Fe3+. In this approach, alginate was first functionalized on the PAN NMs and then, Fe3+ was assembled into the alginate to construct a TC-sensing surface. The resultant test strips exhibited the following integrated properties: fast sensing process (10 min), low naked eye detection limit (5 μg kg-1), excellent anti-interference ability, and satisfactory reusability. Furthermore, the TC concentration-dependent color change (yellow to maroon) was quantitatively visualized by an iPhone read-out hue parameter. All the findings indicate that this intriguing approach may pave the way for versatile designing of NMs to serve as a preventive treatment for the public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Key Laboratory of Textile Science & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.
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Pornsukarom S, van Vliet AHM, Thakur S. Whole genome sequencing analysis of multiple Salmonella serovars provides insights into phylogenetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence markers across humans, food animals and agriculture environmental sources. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:801. [PMID: 30400810 PMCID: PMC6218967 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5137-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica is a significant foodborne pathogen, which can be transmitted via several distinct routes, and reports on acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are increasing. To better understand the association between human Salmonella clinical isolates and the potential environmental/animal reservoirs, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was used to investigate the epidemiology and AMR patterns within Salmonella isolates from two adjacent US states. Results WGS data of 200 S. enterica isolates recovered from human (n = 44), swine (n = 32), poultry (n = 22), and farm environment (n = 102) were used for in silico prediction of serovar, distribution of virulence genes, and phylogenetically clustered using core genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and feature frequency profiling (FFP). Furthermore, AMR was studied both by genotypic prediction using five curated AMR databases, and compared to phenotypic AMR using broth microdilution. Core genome SNP-based and FFP-based phylogenetic trees showed consistent clustering of isolates into the respective serovars, and suggested clustering of isolates based on the source of isolation. The overall correlation of phenotypic and genotypic AMR was 87.61% and 97.13% for sensitivity and specificity, respectively. AMR and virulence genes clustered with the Salmonella serovars, while there were also associations between the presence of virulence genes in both animal/environmental isolates and human clinical samples. Conclusions WGS is a helpful tool for Salmonella phylogenetic analysis, AMR and virulence gene predictions. The clinical isolates clustered closely with animal and environmental isolates, suggesting that animals and environment are potential sources for dissemination of AMR and virulence genes between Salmonella serovars. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5137-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchawan Pornsukarom
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-ok, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Arnoud H M van Vliet
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Siddhartha Thakur
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. .,Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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25
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Murphy CP, Carson C, Smith BA, Chapman B, Marrotte J, McCann M, Primeau C, Sharma P, Parmley EJ. Factors potentially linked with the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in selected bacteria from cattle, chickens and pigs: A scoping review of publications for use in modelling of antimicrobial resistance (IAM.AMR Project). Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:957-971. [PMID: 30187682 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a complex issue with a large volume of published literature, and there is a need for synthesis of primary studies for an integrated understanding of this topic. Our research team aimed to have a more complete understanding of antimicrobial resistance in Canada (IAM.AMR Project) using multiple methods including the literature reviews and quantitative modelling. To accomplish this goal, qualitative features of publications (e.g., geographical location, study population) describing potential relationships between the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance and factors (e.g., antimicrobial use; management system) were of particular interest. The objectives of this review were to (a) describe the available peer-reviewed literature reporting potential relationships between factors and antimicrobial resistance; and (b) to highlight data gaps. A comprehensive literature search and screening were performed to identify studies investigating factors potentially linked with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter species, Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica along the farm-to-fork pathway (farm, abattoir (slaughter houses) and retail meats) for the major Canadian livestock species (beef cattle, broiler chicken and pigs). The literature search returned 14,966 potentially relevant titles and abstracts. Following screening of titles, abstracts and full-text articles, the qualitative features of retained studies (n = 28) were extracted. The most common factors identified were antimicrobial use (n = 13 studies) and type of farm management system (e.g., antibiotic-free, organic; n = 8). Most studies were conducted outside of Canada and involved investigations at the farm level. Identified data gaps included the effect of vaccination, industry-specific factors (e.g., livestock density) and factors at sites other than farm along the agri-food chain. Further investigation of these factors and other relevant industry activities are needed for the development of quantitative models that aim to identify effective interventions to mitigate the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance along the agri-food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen P Murphy
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Visiting Fellow, Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolee Carson
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ben A Smith
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brennan Chapman
- Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jayme Marrotte
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maggie McCann
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Courtney Primeau
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Parth Sharma
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - E Jane Parmley
- Centre for Food-borne, Environmental and Zoonotic Infectious Disease, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Milho C, Silva MD, Melo L, Santos S, Azeredo J, Sillankorva S. Control of Salmonella Enteritidis on food contact surfaces with bacteriophage PVP-SE2. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:753-768. [PMID: 30270665 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1501475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the worldwide leading foodborne pathogens responsible for illnesses and hospitalizations, and its capacity to form biofilms is one of its many virulence factors. This work evaluated (bacterio)phage control of adhered and biofilm cells of Salmonella Enteritidis on three different substrata at refrigerated and room temperatures, and also a preventive approach in poultry skin. PVP-SE2 phage was efficient in reducing both 24- and 48-h old Salmonella biofilms from polystyrene and stainless steel causing 2 to 5 log CFU cm-2 reductions with a higher killing efficiency at room temperature. PVP-SE2 phage application on poultry skins reduced levels of Salmonella. Freezing phage-pretreated poultry skin samples had no influence on the viability of phage PVP-SE2 and their in vitro contamination with S. Enteritidis provided evidence that phages prevented their further growth. Although not all conditions favor phage treatment, this study endorses their use to prevent and control foodborne pathogen colonization of surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Milho
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Maria Daniela Silva
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Luís Melo
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sílvio Santos
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Joana Azeredo
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- a Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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27
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Non-typhoidal
Salmonella
is the most common foodborne bacterial pathogen in most countries. It is widely present in food animal species, and therefore blocking its transmission through the food supply is a prominent focus of food safety activities worldwide. Antibiotic resistance in non-typhoidal
Salmonella
arises in large part because of antibiotic use in animal husbandry. Tracking resistance in
Salmonella
is required to design targeted interventions to contain or diminish resistance and refine use practices in production. Many countries have established systems to monitor antibiotic resistance in
Salmonella
and other bacteria, the earliest ones appearing the Europe and the US. In this chapter, we compare recent
Salmonella
antibiotic susceptibility data from Europe and the US. In addition, we summarize the state of known resistance genes that have been identified in the genus. The advent of routine whole genome sequencing has made it possible to conduct genomic surveillance of resistance based on DNA sequences alone. This points to a new model of surveillance in the future that will provide more definitive information on the sources of resistant
Salmonella
, the specific types of resistance genes involved, and information on how resistance spreads.
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28
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Neutral barcoding of genomes reveals the dynamics of Salmonella colonization in cattle and their peripheral lymph nodes. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:97-106. [PMID: 29885808 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Feedlot cattle often contain Salmonella. The number of bacteria that initiate colonization of different cattle organs and the bacterial migration within these large animals are poorly understood. To investigate these questions, we constructed wild-type isogenic tagged strains (WITS) of Salmonella by inserting 21-base barcodes flanked by Illumina sequencing primers into a neutral genome location. We then delivered several different pools of uniquely barcoded clones orally and into multiple intradermal sites, in individual Holstein steers, and subsequently performed Salmonella-directed sequence tag-based analysis of microbial populations (STAMP). Using high-throughput sequencing of the barcodes of Salmonella grown from steer lymph nodes, organs and feces, we monitored how individual barcoded clones travel from different entry sites within animals. Data showed that gastrointestinal colonization was established by up to hundreds of Salmonella founder cells, whereas peripheral lymph nodes were usually colonized by very low numbers of founding bacteria, often originating from the nearest draining intradermal delivery site. Transmission of Salmonella from the gastrointestinal tract to the lymphatic system was frequently observed, whereas entry of intradermally delivered bacteria into the gut was rare. Bacteria undergo limited extraintestinal proliferation within or prior to arrival at peripheral lymph nodes. Overall, the application of the STAMP technique facilitated characterization of the migration routes and founder population size of Salmonella within feedlot cattle and their organs and lymph nodes in unprecedented detail.
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29
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Hyde RM, Remnant JG, Bradley AJ, Breen JE, Hudson CD, Davies PL, Clarke T, Critchell Y, Hylands M, Linton E, Wood E, Green MJ. Quantitative analysis of antimicrobial use on British dairy farms. Vet Rec 2017; 181:683. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert M Hyde
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - John G Remnant
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Andrew J Bradley
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- Quality Milk Management Services; Easton UK
| | - James E Breen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
- Quality Milk Management Services; Easton UK
| | - Christopher D Hudson
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | - Peers L Davies
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Martin J Green
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham; Nottingham UK
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30
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea L Holschbach
- Large Animal Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Simon F Peek
- Department of Medical Sciences, UW-School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive West, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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31
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Population dynamics of enteric Salmonella in response to antimicrobial use in beef feedlot cattle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14310. [PMID: 29085049 PMCID: PMC5662634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A randomized controlled longitudinal field trial was undertaken to assess the effects of injectable ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) versus in-feed chlortetracycline on the temporal dynamics of Salmonella enterica spp. enterica in feedlot cattle. Two replicates of 8 pens (total 176 steers) received one of 4 different regimens. All, or one, out of 11 steers were treated with CCFA on day 0 in 8 pens, with half of the pens later receiving three 5-day regimens of chlortetracycline from day 4 to day 20. Salmonella was isolated from faecal samples and antimicrobial susceptibility was analysed via microbroth dilution. Serotype was determined by whole-genome sequencing. On day 0, mean Salmonella prevalence was 75.0% and the vast majority of isolates were pansusceptible. Both antimicrobials reduced overall prevalence of Salmonella; however, these treatments increased the proportion of multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella from day 4 through day 26, which was the last day of faecal collection. Only six Salmonella serotypes were detected. Salmonella serotype Reading isolates were extensively MDR, suggesting a strong association between serotype and resistance. Our study demonstrates that the selection pressures of a 3rd generation cephalosporin and chlortetracycline during the feeding period contribute to dynamic population shifts between antimicrobial susceptible and resistant Salmonella.
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