1
|
Brañes MC, Gillet R, Valenzuela R. Nuclear receptors behind the therapeutic effects of plant sterols on metabolism: A review. Lipids 2024. [PMID: 39077818 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Plant sterols are known for their hypocholesterolemic action, and the molecular mechanisms behind this within the gut have been extensively discussed and demonstrated to the point that there is a degree of consensus. However, recent studies show that these molecules exert an additional umbrella of therapeutic effects in other tissues, which are related to immune function, lipid metabolism, and glucose metabolism. A strong hypothesis to explain these effects is the structural relationship between plant sterols and the ligands of a group of nuclear receptors. This review delves into the molecular aspects of therapeutic effects related with lipid and energy metabolism that have been observed and demonstrated for plant sterols, and turns the perspective to explore the involvement of nuclear receptors as part of these mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Feng F, Hu P, Peng L, Xu L, Chen J, Chen Q, Zhang X, Tao X. Integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics to reveal the mechanism of Pinellia ternata inhibiting non-small cell lung cancer cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:263. [PMID: 38992647 PMCID: PMC11238457 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04574-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with highly heterogeneous characteristics. A classic Chinese medicine, Pinellia ternata (PT), was shown to exert therapeutic effects on lung cancer cells. However, its chemical and pharmacological profiles are not yet understood. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of PT in treating lung cancer cells through metabolomics and network pharmacology. Metabolomic analysis of two strains of lung cancer cells treated with Pinellia ternata extracts (PTE) was used to identify differentially abundant metabolites, and the metabolic pathways associated with the DEGs were identified by MetaboAnalyst. Then, network pharmacology was applied to identify potential targets against PTE-induced lung cancer cells. The integrated network of metabolomics and network pharmacology was constructed based on Cytoscape. PTE obviously inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of A549 and NCI-H460 cells. The results of the cellular metabolomics analysis showed that 30 metabolites were differentially expressed in the lung cancer cells of the experimental and control groups. Through pathway enrichment analysis, 5 metabolites were found to be involved in purine metabolism, riboflavin metabolism and the pentose phosphate pathway, including D-ribose 5-phosphate, xanthosine, 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxyamide, flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD). Combined with network pharmacology, 11 bioactive compounds were found in PT, and networks of bioactive compound-target gene-metabolic enzyme-metabolite interactions were constructed. In conclusion, this study revealed the complicated mechanisms of PT against lung cancer. Our work provides a novel paradigm for identifying the potential mechanisms underlying the pharmacological effects of natural compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Ping Hu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Lei Peng
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Lisheng Xu
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Xingtao Zhang
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China
| | - Xingkui Tao
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Suzhou University, Anhui, 234000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen M, Yuan L, Zhang J, Wang X, Zhang M, Li H, Jing Y, Zeng F, Xie J. Phytosterols: Physiological Functions and Potential Application. Foods 2024; 13:1754. [PMID: 38890982 PMCID: PMC11171835 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of natural substances to regulate physiological functions is currently regarded as a potential way of promoting health. As one of the recommended dietary ingredients, phytosterols that are natural bioactive compounds distributed in plants have received increasing attention for their health effects. Phytosterols have attracted great attention from scientists because of many physiological functions, for example, cholesterol-lowering, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. In addition, the physiological functions of phytosterols, the purification, structure analysis, synthesis, and food application of phytosterols have been widely studied. Nowadays, many bioactivities of phytosterols have been assessed in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanisms of their pharmacological activities are not yet fully understood, and in-depth investigation of the relationship between structure and function is crucial. Therefore, a contemporaneous overview of the extraction, beneficial properties, and the mechanisms, as well as the current states of phytosterol application, in the food field of phytosterols is provided in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; (M.S.); (L.Y.); (J.Z.); (X.W.); (M.Z.); (H.L.); (Y.J.); (F.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu Y, Chen Z, Zheng B, Huang M, Li J, Li G. Molecular distinctions of bronchoalveolar and alveolar organoids under differentiation conditions. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16057. [PMID: 38825580 PMCID: PMC11144550 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The bronchoalveolar organoid (BAO) model is increasingly acknowledged as an ex-vivo platform that accurately emulates the structural and functional attributes of proximal airway tissue. The transition from bronchoalveolar progenitor cells to alveolar organoids is a common event during the generation of BAOs. However, there is a pressing need for comprehensive analysis to elucidate the molecular distinctions characterizing the pre-differentiated and post-differentiated states within BAO models. This study established a murine BAO model and subsequently triggered its differentiation. Thereafter, a suite of multidimensional analytical procedures was employed, including the morphological recognition and examination of organoids utilizing an established artificial intelligence (AI) image tracking system, quantification of cellular composition, proteomic profiling and immunoblots of selected proteins. Our investigation yielded a detailed evaluation of the morphologic, cellular, and molecular variances demarcating the pre- and post-differentiation phases of the BAO model. We also identified of a potential molecular signature reflective of the observed morphological transformations. The integration of cutting-edge AI-driven image analysis with traditional cellular and molecular investigative methods has illuminated key features of this nascent model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Zexin Chen
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Bin Zheng
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Min Huang
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and TechnologyGuangzhouChina
| | - Junlang Li
- Guangzhou No.3 High SchoolGuangzhouChina
| | - Gang Li
- Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Elbadawi M, Efferth T. In Vivo and Clinical Studies of Natural Products Targeting the Hallmarks of Cancer. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38797749 DOI: 10.1007/164_2024_716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite more than 200 approved anticancer agents, cancer remains a leading cause of death worldwide due to disease complexity, tumour heterogeneity, drug toxicity, and the emergence of drug resistance. Accordingly, the development of chemotherapeutic agents with higher efficacy, a better safety profile, and the capability of bypassing drug resistance would be a cornerstone in cancer therapy. Natural products have played a pivotal role in the field of drug discovery, especially for the pharmacotherapy of cancer, infectious, and chronic diseases. Owing to their distinctive structures and multiple mechanistic activities, natural products and their derivatives have been utilized for decades in cancer treatment protocols. In this review, we delve into the potential of natural products as anticancer agents by targeting cancer's hallmarks, including sustained proliferative signalling, evading growth suppression, resisting apoptosis and cell death, enabling replicative immortality, inducing angiogenesis, and activating invasion and metastasis. We highlight the molecular mechanisms of some natural products, in vivo studies, and promising clinical trials. This review emphasizes the significance of natural products in fighting cancer and the need for further studies to uncover their fully therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jefrei E, Xu M, Moore JB, Thorne JL. Phytosterol and phytostanol-mediated epigenetic changes in cancer and other non-communicable diseases: a systematic review. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:935-943. [PMID: 37955052 PMCID: PMC10876456 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523002532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytosterols/phytostanols are bioactive compounds found in vegetable oils, nuts and seeds and added to a range of commercial food products. Consumption of phytosterols/phytostanols reduces levels of circulating LDL-cholesterol, a causative biomarker of CVD, and is linked to a reduced risk of some cancers. Individuals who consume phytosterols/phytostanols in their diet may do so for many years as part of a non-pharmacological route to lower cholesterol or as part of a healthy diet. However, the impact of long term or high intakes of dietary phytosterols/phytostanols has not been on whole-body epigenetic changes before. The aim of this systematic review was to identify all publications that have evaluated changes to epigenetic mechanisms (post-translation modification of histones, DNA methylation and miRNA expression) in response to phytosterols/phytostanols. A systematic search was performed that returned 226 records, of which eleven were eligible for full-text analysis. Multiple phytosterols were found to inhibit expression of histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes and were also predicted to directly bind and impair HDAC activity. Phytosterols were found to inhibit the expression and activity of DNA methyl transferase enzyme 1 and reverse cancer-associated gene silencing. Finally, phytosterols have been shown to regulate over 200 miRNA, although only five of these were reported in multiple publications. Five tissue types (breast, prostate, macrophage, aortic epithelia and lung) were represented across the studies, and although phytosterols/phytostanols alter the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic inheritance in these mammalian cells, studies exploring meiotic or transgenerational inheritance were not found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emtenan Jefrei
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - James L. Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meng F, Zhai X, Ma J, Li A, Wang X, Bai J. Enzyme-Induced Shape-Shifting Peptide Nanocarrier Coloaded with Paclitaxel and Dipyridamole Inhibits Platelet Function and Tumor Metastasis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:166-177. [PMID: 38143309 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated platelets can bind to tumor cells and protect circulating tumor cells from NK-mediated immune surveillance. Tumor-associated platelets secrete cytokines to induce the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in tumor cells, which promotes tumor metastasis. Combining chemotherapeutic agents with antiplatelet drugs can reduce the occurrence of metastasis, but the systemic application of chemotherapeutic agents and antiplatelet drugs is prone to causing serious side effects. Therefore, delivering drugs to the tumor microthrombus site for long-lasting inhibition is a problem that needs to be addressed. Here, we show that small molecule peptide nanoparticles containing the Cys-Arg-Glu-Lys-Ala (CREKA) peptide can deliver the platelet inhibitor dipyridamole (DIP) and the chemotherapeutic drug paclitaxel (PTX) to tumor tissues, thereby inhibiting tumor-associated platelet function while killing tumor cells. The drug-loaded nanoparticles PD/Pep1 inhibited platelet-tumor cell interactions, were effectively taken up by tumor cells, and underwent morphological transformation induced by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to prolong the retention time of the drugs. After intravenous injection, PD/Pep1 can target tumors and inhibit tumor metastasis. Thus, this small molecule peptide nanoformulation provides a simple strategy for efficient drug delivery and shows promise as a novel cancer therapy platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fanhu Meng
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jihong Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Aimei Li
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Xizhen Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Jingkun Bai
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yalcinkaya A, Öztaş YE, Sabuncuoğlu S. Sterols in Inflammatory Diseases: Implications and Clinical Utility. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:261-275. [PMID: 38036884 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic steroid skeleton, with its 4-ringed 17-carbon structure, is one of the most recognizable organic compounds in biochemistry. In the presence of a hydroxyl ion bound to the third carbon, this structure is defined as a "sterol" (chemical formula: C17H28O). The hydroxyl group provides a hydrophilic site for the otherwise hydrophobic molecule, yielding an amphipathic lipid, which is a vital property for cellular function. It is crucial to remark that the term "steroid" describes a larger group of compounds that often retain the hydroxyl group but are primarily characterized by methyl groups, double bonds in the rings, and an aliphatic side-chain extending from the 17th carbon. In addition to serving various structural roles in the cellular membrane, sterols and steroids contribute to cellular and systemic functions as messengers, hormones, and regulators of several critical metabolic pathways.Sterol nomenclature is often confusing, partly due to structural complexity and partly due to the sheer number of different compounds that fall under the definition. Fortunately, the foremost sterols of interest in biochemistry are much fewer, and therefore, these lipids have been defined and studied vigorously. With the renaissance of lipid research during the 1990s and 2000s, many different metabolites of sterols, and more specifically phytosterols, were found to be associated with various diseases and conditions, including cardiovascular disease, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, obesity, inflammation, diabetes, and inborn errors of metabolism; thus, it is evident that the ever-evolving research in this field has been, and will continue to be, exceedingly productive.With respect to inflammation and inflammatory diseases, plant-based sterols (i.e., phytosterols) have gained considerable fame due to their anti-inflammatory and cholesterol-lowering effects demonstrated by experimental and clinical research. Besides, the exceptional pharmacological benefits of these sterols, which operate as antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-atherosclerotic agents, have been the subject of various investigations. While the underlying mechanisms necessitate further research, the possible function of phytosterols in improving health outcomes is an important topic to explore.In this regard, the current review aims to offer comprehensive information on the therapeutic potential of plant-based sterols in the context of human health, with a focus on preclinical effects, bioavailability, and clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yalcinkaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yeşim Er Öztaş
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Suna Sabuncuoğlu
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jia J, Zhang J, Chen XW, Sun SD, Wang YH, Wei AC. Towards the development of novel bicomponent phytosterol-based oleogels with natural phenolics. Food Chem 2023; 429:136895. [PMID: 37487391 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Structuring liquid oils into edible oleogels from natural and abundant plant ingredients has great significance in fields ranging from foods to pharmaceuticals but has proven challenging. Herein, novel bicomponent phytosterol-based oleogels were developed with natural phenolics. Investigating diverse natural phenolics, cinnamic acid (CA) and ethyl ferulate (EF) successfully formed oleogels in combination with phytosterols (PS), where a synergistic effect on the oleogelation and crystallization was observed compared to the corresponding single component formulations. FTIR and UV-vis spectra showed that the gel network was primarily driven by hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. Furthermore, oscillatory shear demonstrated oleogels featured higher elastic and network structure deformation at molar ratio of 5:5 and 3:7. Moreover, the bicomponent phytosterol-based oleogels displayed partially reversible shear deformation and a reversible solid-liquid transition. Such information was useful for engineering the functional properties of oleogel-based lipidic materials, providing significance for the application in foods, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China; Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China.
| | - Shang-De Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Yong-Hui Wang
- Food and Pharmacy College, Xuchang University, Xuchang 461000, China
| | - An-Chi Wei
- College of Food Science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001 China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Makran M, Garcia-Llatas G, Alegría A, Cilla A. Ethylcoprostanol modulates colorectal cancer cell proliferation and mitigates cytotoxicity of cholesterol metabolites in non-tumor colon cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:10829-10840. [PMID: 37982821 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01868g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Sterols can be metabolized by gut microbiota. The cholesterol metabolites have been proposed as promoters of colorectal cancer (CRC), while the effect of plant sterol metabolites is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of metabolites from cholesterol (coprostanol, cholestanol, coprostanone and cholestenone) and β-sitosterol (ethylcoprostanol) on human colon tumor (Caco-2) and non-tumor (CCD-18Co) cells at physiological concentrations (9-300 μM) and exposure time (24 h). Ethylcoprostanol reduced the tumor cell proliferation (MTT), showing in flow cytometry assays induction of apoptosis via production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ceramide. Transcriptomic analysis (qPCR) showed activation of the intrinsic apoptosis pathway (BAX/BCL2 ratio and CASP9 increased), accompanied by downregulation of the p21 gene. Cholesterol metabolites, mainly the most hydrophobic, induced apoptosis and G0/G1 phase arrest in non-tumor cells through overproduction of ROS. Both the intrinsic and extrinsic (CASP8 increased) apoptosis pathways occurred. In turn, a reduction in the expression of the cyclin E1 gene confirmed the cell cycle arrest. In addition, ethylcoprostanol protected non-tumor cells from the most cytotoxic cholesterol metabolite (cholestenone). In conclusion, ethylcoprostanol is a promising candidate as a therapeutic adjuvant in CRC, while cholesterol metabolites could act as CRC promoters through their cytotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mussa Makran
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Guadalupe Garcia-Llatas
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Amparo Alegría
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Antonio Cilla
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Khan AU, Khan A, Shal B, Khan S, Khan M, Ahmad R, Riaz M. The critical role of the phytosterols in modulating tumor microenvironment via multiple signaling: A comprehensive molecular approach. Phytother Res 2023; 37:1606-1623. [PMID: 36757068 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and its cases are rapidly increasing every year. Several factors contribute to the development of tumorigenesis. including radiation, dietary lifestyle, smoking, environmental, and genetic factors. The cell cycle is regulated by a variety of molecular signaling proteins. However, when the proteins involved in the cell cycle regulation are altered, cellular growth and proliferation are significantly affected. Natural products provide an important source of new drug development for a variety of ailments. including cancer. Phytosterols (PSs) are an important class of natural compounds reported for numerous pharmacological activities, including cancer. Various PSs, such as ergosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol, withaferin A, etc., have been reported for their anti-cancer activities against a variety of cancer by modulating the tumor microenvironment via molecular signaling pathways discussed within the article. These signaling pathways are associated with the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, growth factors, chemokines, and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes. These mediators and their upstream signaling are very active within the variety of tumors and by modulating these signalings, thus PS exhibits promising anti-cancer activities. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy as well the safety of the phytosterols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Ullah Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Shal
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,Faculty of Health Sciences, IQRA University, Islamabad Campus, (Chak Shahzad), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salman Khan
- Pharmacological Sciences Research Lab, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Natural Products & Alternative Medicines College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Sheringal, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Second Nutrition and Cancer Networking Meeting Nutrition and Breast Cancer: Translating Evidence into Practice. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:58-62. [PMID: 36503526 DOI: 10.1017/s002966512200283x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The 2nd Nutrition and Cancer Networking Meeting 'Nutrition and Breast Cancer: Translating Evidence into Practice' was held at Newcastle University in May 2022, with support from the Nutrition Society and British Association for Cancer Research. The first meeting in this series was held in Sheffield in 2019. The aim of this joint meeting was to bring together researchers with an interest in nutrition and breast cancer, with the programme spanning topics from risk and prevention to nutrition during treatment and beyond. Several key themes emerged, including the importance of engaging patients in the development of interventions and trials, making trials more accessible to diverse communities; training of clinical staff in nutrition and latest evidence; wider range of compounds should be considered in food composition tables; and alternative trial designs can be considered for prevention research to reduce financial burden and increase power.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang S, Zhao W, Li J, Hu P, Zhao Y, Tse LA, Lu J, Ren Z, Xing X, Liu X. Association of Dietary Phytosterols Intake and Survival of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3582-3591. [PMID: 35670147 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2085311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of dietary phytosterols intake with survival of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study was to examine the effect of dietary phytosterols intake on ESCC survival in a Chinese rural population. METHODS A total of 942 incident ESCC patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2013 in Yanting area were followed up until March 1st, 2020. Dietary intake five years before ESCC diagnosis was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The outcome of interest was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS When comparing the highest with lowest intake quartiles, intake of five specific and total phytosterols was not significantly associated with risk of death after adjustment for covariates, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitostanol, campestanol and total phytosterols was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.70-1.16), 0.92 (95% CI: 0.71-1.19), 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66-1.12), 0.93 (95% CI: 0.73-1.20), 0.94 (95% CI: 0.72-1.21), 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69-1.15), respectively. CONCLUSION This study does not find any association between pre-diagnostic phytosterols intake and risk of all-cause mortality among ESCC patients. Further research is required to determine the effect of post-diagnostic phytosterols intake on ESCC survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Yanting Cancer Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lap-Ah Tse
- JC School of Public Health and Primary care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zefang Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangbing Xing
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Liu
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lizard G, Poirot M, Iuliano L. European network for oxysterol research (ENOR): 10 th anniversary. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 214:105996. [PMID: 34534668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Lizard
- University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Team 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' EA 7270 / Inserm, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Team "Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, The French Network for Nutrition and Cancer Research (NACRe Network), INSERM UMR 1037-CNRS U 5071-Université de Toulouse, 31037, Toulouse, France.
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Mass Spectrometry, Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100, Latina, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lianto P, Hutchinson SA, Moore JB, Hughes TA, Thorne JL. Characterization and prognostic value of LXR splice variants in triple-negative breast cancer. iScience 2021; 24:103212. [PMID: 34755086 PMCID: PMC8560626 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity of liver x receptor (LXR), the homeostatic regulator of cholesterol metabolism, is elevated in triple-negative breast cancer (BCa) relative to other BCa subtypes, driving drug resistance and metastatic gene signatures. The loci encoding LXRα and LXRβ produce multiple alternatively spliced proteins, but the true range of variants and their relevance to cancer remain poorly defined. Here, we report seven LXR splice variants, three of which have not previously been reported and five that were prognostic for disease-free survival. Expression of full-length LXRα splice variants was associated with poor prognosis, consistent with a role as an oncogenic driver of triple-negative tumor pathophysiology. Contrary to this was the observation that high expression of truncated LXRα splice variants or any LXRβ splice variant was associated with longer survival. These findings indicate that LXR isoform abundance is an important aspect of understanding the link between dysregulated cholesterol metabolism and cancer pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilia Lianto
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - J. Bernadette Moore
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - James L. Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Websdale A, Kiew Y, Chalmers P, Chen X, Cioccoloni G, Hughes TA, Luo X, Mwarzi R, Poirot M, Røberg-Larsen H, Wu R, Xu M, Zulyniak MA, Thorne JL. Pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of cholesterol esterification enzymes reduces tumour burden: A systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical models. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114731. [PMID: 34407453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterification proteins Sterol-O acyltransferases (SOAT) 1 and 2 are emerging prognostic markers in many cancers. These enzymes utilise fatty acids conjugated to coenzyme A to esterify cholesterol. Cholesterol esterification is tightly regulated and enables formation of lipid droplets that act as storage organelles for lipid soluble vitamins and minerals, and as cholesterol reservoirs. In cancer, this provides rapid access to cholesterol to maintain continual synthesis of the plasma membrane. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we summarise the current depth of understanding of the role of this metabolic pathway in pan-cancer development. A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library for preclinical studies identified eight studies where cholesteryl ester concentrations were compared between tumour and adjacent-normal tissue, and 24 studies where cholesterol esterification was blocked by pharmacological or genetic approaches. Tumour tissue had a significantly greater concentration of cholesteryl esters than non-tumour tissue (p < 0.0001). Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOAT was associated with significantly smaller tumours of all types (p ≤ 0.002). SOAT inhibition increased tumour apoptosis (p = 0.007), CD8 + lymphocyte infiltration and cytotoxicity (p ≤ 0.05), and reduced proliferation (p = 0.0003) and metastasis (p < 0.0001). Significant risk of publication bias was found and may have contributed to a 32% overestimation of the meta-analysed effect size. Avasimibe, the most frequently used SOAT inhibitor, was effective at doses equivalent to those previously reported to be safe and tolerable in humans. This work indicates that SOAT inhibition should be explored in clinical trials as an adjunct to existing anti-neoplastic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Websdale
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Yi Kiew
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Philip Chalmers
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Xinyu Chen
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Giorgia Cioccoloni
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Xinyu Luo
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Rufaro Mwarzi
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ruoying Wu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Mengfan Xu
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Michael A Zulyniak
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - James L Thorne
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Han B, Jiang P, Jiang L, Li X, Ye X. Three phytosterols from sweet potato inhibit MCF7-xenograft-tumor growth through modulating gut microbiota homeostasis and SCFAs secretion. Food Res Int 2021; 141:110147. [PMID: 33642013 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Researches demonstrated that gut microbiota are associated with breast cancer progression. This study aims to evaluate the anti-breast tumor effects of daucosterol linolenate (DLA), daucosterol linoleate (DL), and daucosterol palmitate (DP) from sweet potato in MCF-7 xenograft nude mice by determining the tumor growth, serum tumor markers, tumor-related proteins, and performing 16S rDNA sequencing. After treatment at 87.8 mg/kg/day for 29 days, DLA, DL and DP delayed tumor growth and decreased levels of tumor marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 153 (CA153) in vivo. All treatments activated caspase 3, 9, PARP1 cleavage, down-regulated Ki67, VEGF, BCL-2, BCL-XL, up-regulated BAX expression, and inhibited PI3K/AKT/NF-κB activation in tumor tissues. Their anti-breast tumor effects were associated with the regulation on gut microbiota. The three treatments increased Bacteroidetes whereas decreased Firmicutes richness. They also modulated the diversity of gut microbiota at family and genus levels. Furthermore, DL treatment promoted butyric acid secretion, DP promoted acetic acid and butyric acid secretion in the colorectal and feces. Our findings indicate that DLA, DL, and DP inhibit tumor growth in MCF-7 xenograft nude mice by regulating the homeostasis of gut microbiota, producing SCFAs, and then disturbing the expression of cancer-related proteins. The present study suggests three phytosterols as gut microbiota regulator for breast cancer prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; Laboratory of Medicinal Plant Biotechnology, College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Pu Jiang
- Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lingmin Jiang
- Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xuegang Li
- Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Sweet Potato, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dietary phytosterols impair oncogene signalling via modulation of membrane properties. Proc Nutr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
19
|
A systematic scoping review of the molecular mechanisms underpinning phytosterol and phytostanol mediated epigenetic changes. Proc Nutr Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121003608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|