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Wang L, Song X, Zhou Y, Xia Y, Yang Z, Chen X, Shi R, Geng Z, Zhang X, Wang Y, Li J, Hu J, Zuo L. Sclareol protected against intestinal barrier dysfunction ameliorating Crohn's disease-like colitis via Nrf2/NF-B/MLCK signalling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112140. [PMID: 38669952 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction is not only a pathological feature of Crohn's disease (CD) but also an important therapeutic target. Sclareol (SCL) is a nontoxic natural plant compound with anti-inflammatory effect, but its role in CD has not been established. METHODS In vivo studies of mice with TNBS-induced colitis were carried out to evaluate the effects of SCL on CD-like colitis and intestinal barrier function. In vitro, a TNF-α-induced colonic organoid model was established to test the direct effect of SCL on inflammation-induced intestinal barrier injure and inflammatory response. The Nrf2/NF-κB/MLCK signalling was analysed to explore the mechanism of SCL. RESULTS In vivo, SCL largely alleviated the colitis in TNBS mice, as evidenced by improvements in the weight loss, colitis symptoms, endoscopic score, macroscopic histological score, and histological inflammation score. Moreover, SCL significantly improved intestinal barrier dysfunction, manifested as reduced intestinal permeability and decreased intestinal bacterial translocation in TNBS mice. Importantly, SCL antagonised the intestinal mucosal inflammation while protecting tight junctions in TNBS mice. In vitro, SCL largely depressed pro-inflammatory cytokines levels and improved intestinal epithelial permeability in a TNF-α-induced colonic organoid model. In the context of CD, the protective effects of SCL against inflammation and intestinal barrier damage are at least partially results from the Nrf2 signalling activation and the NF-κB/MLCK signalling inhibition. CONCLUSIONS SCL improved intestinal barrier dysfunction and alleviated CD-like colitis, possibly through modulation of Nrf2/NF-κB/MLCK signalling. In view of SCL's safety profile, there is hope that it will be useful in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Song
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yongsheng Xia
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, Anhui, China.
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2
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Dmello MM, Bhagwat G. Novel Approaches to Control Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e090823219599. [PMID: 37559237 DOI: 10.2174/1573399820666230809152742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic, long-term, incurable, but controllable condition. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. People who have diabetes often experience a variety of symptoms, including blurry vision, excessive thirst, fatigue, frequent urination, hunger, and weight loss. This review article includes a discussion on diabetes types, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and various therapies for treating, controlling, and managing blood glucose levels, with a focus on its most recent innovation of therapies and medications. Diabetes management will also be reviewed, along with clinical pharmacodynamics, bioavailability, advantages, and complications of combined drugs/medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malissa Mathew Dmello
- Department of MES's, H. K. College of Pharmacy, Jogeshwari (West), Mumbai, 400102, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geeta Bhagwat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, DY Patil University School of Pharmacy, Nerul, Navi-Mumbai 400607, India
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3
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Han L, Zang T, Tan L, Liang D, Long T, Liu X, Shen X, Ren H, Li Z, Lu Z, Tang S, Liao X, Liu Y, Zhang C, Sun J. Self-assembly of H 2S-responsive nanoprodrugs based on natural rhein and geraniol for targeted therapy against Salmonella Typhimurium. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:483. [PMID: 38104180 PMCID: PMC10725032 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02256-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonellosis is a globally extensive food-borne disease, which threatens public health and results in huge economic losses in the world annually. The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella poses a significant global concern, emphasizing an imperative to identify novel therapeutic agents or methodologies to effectively combat this predicament. In this study, self-assembly hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-responsive nanoprodrugs were fabricated with poly(α-lipoic acid)-polyethylene glycol grafted rhein and geraniol (PPRG), self-assembled into core-shell nanoparticles via electrostatic, hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions, with hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior. The rhein and geraniol are released from self-assembly nanoprodrugs PPRG in response to Salmonella infection, which is known to produce hydrogen sulfide (H2S). PPRG demonstrated stronger antibacterial activity against Salmonella compared with rhein or geraniol alone in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, PPRG was also able to suppress the inflammation and modulate gut microbiota homeostasis. In conclusion, the as-prepared self-assembly nanoprodrug sheds new light on the design of natural product active ingredients and provides new ideas for exploring targeted therapies for specific Enteropathogens. Graphical illustration for construction of self-assembly nanoprodrugs PPRG and its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities on experimental Salmonella infection in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Han
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Lulu Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Dunsheng Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Long
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofan Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiPeng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoxiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengqiu Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation of Food and Medicinal Resources in Northern Region, Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics, Development and Safety Evaluation, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, People's Republic of China.
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Gan N, Fang Y, Weng W, Jiao T, Yu W. Antibacterial effects and microarray-based molecular mechanisms of trans-cinnamaldehyde against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23048. [PMID: 38144276 PMCID: PMC10746420 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is one of the keystone pathogenic bacteria of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects and molecular mechanisms of trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), a safe extract from natural plants, on P. gingivalis. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) of TC were determined, and scanning and transmission electron microscopies were used to assess the morphological changes. The overall biomass was estimated, and the metabolic activity of biofilms was determined at different TC concentrations. A microarray-based bioinformatics analysis was performed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of TC-inhibited P. gingivalis, and significant differences among groups were determined. TC showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation and survival of planktonic P. gingivalis, of which the MIC and MBC were 39.07 μg/mL and 78.13 μg/mL, respectively. TC also significantly suppressed the formation and metabolic activity of P. gingivalis biofilm. The results of the significant pathways and gene ontology (GO) analyses revealed that TC treatment inhibited two metabolic pathways, accompanied by the downregulation of relative genes of nitrogen metabolism (NrfA, NrfH, and PG_2213) and starch and sucrose metabolism (PG_1681, PG_1682, and PG_1683). Thus, this study confirmed TC to be a natural antimicrobial agent against P. gingivalis and further demonstrated that TC suppressed the microbial activity on P. gingivalis through the disruption of physiological metabolism, which might inhibit the growth and the biofilm formation of P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Gan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yingjing Fang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weimin Weng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Fengcheng Hospital of Fengxian District, Shanghai, 201411, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai, 200011, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
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5
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Koriem KMM, El-Qady SWB. Linalool attenuates hypothalamus proteome disturbance facilitated by methamphetamine induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology 2023; 99:70-81. [PMID: 37729970 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most powerful stimulants of the central nervous system is methamphetamine (METH). Linalool has a neuroprotective effect against ischemia injury by reducing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The present study investigated whether linalool can reverse the hypothalamus neurotoxicity and proteome disturbance in METH-treated rats. BRIEF METHOD A total of 36 male albino rats were split into two equal groups (normal and METH-treated). Three equal subgroups of normal rats were created; Control, Linalool (25 mg/kg), and Linalool (50 mg/kg); Normal rats were given daily oral doses of 1 ml of distilled water, 25 mg/kg linalool, and 50 mg/kg of linalool, respectively. METH groups were divided into 3 equal subgroups; METH-treated rats, Linalool (25 mg/kg)+METH-treated, and Linalool (50 mg/kg)+METH-treated subgroups; METH-treated rats received daily and oral doses of 1 ml distilled water, 25 mg/kg linalool, and 50 mg/kg of linalool, respectively. RESULTS According to the data obtained, METH caused a decrease of the sucrose preference test, travel distance test, and center square entries test, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, NADPH oxidase, interleukin-10 but a rise in the center square duration test, tail suspension test, and forced swimming test, malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, oxidative index, serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, γ-aminobutyric acid, tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 levels. When compared to the control group, rats treated with METH had lower sodium/potassium ATPase activity and missing of prothrombin, fibrinogen, and ceruloplasmin protein bands in the hypothalamus. In METH-treated rats, daily and oral co-administration with linalool brought all these parameters back to values that were close to control. SIGNIFICANCE According to obtained data, linalool could protect the hypothalamus against METH-induced neurotoxicity and proteome disturbance probably by modifying oxidative stress, neurotransmitters, inflammation, sodium/potassium-ATPase activity, proteome disturbance, and tissue histology in METH-treated rats where higher dose of linalool was more efficient than lower dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M M Koriem
- Medical Physiology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Sara W B El-Qady
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Hoca M, Becer E, Vatansever HS. Carvacrol is potential molecule for diabetes treatment. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023:1-8. [PMID: 38019023 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2023.2288537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is an important chronic disease that can lead to various negative consequences and complications. In recent years, several new alternative treatments have been developed to improve diabetes. Carvacrol found in essential oils of numerous plant species and has crucial potential effects on diabetes. The anti-diabetic effects of carvacrol have also been comprehensively studied in diabetic animal and cell models. In addition, carvacrol could improve diabetes through affecting diabetes-related enzymes, insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. The use of carvacrol alone or in combination with anti-diabetic therapies could show a significant potential effect in the treatment of diabetes. This review contributes an overview of the effect of carvacrol in diabetes and anti-diabetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Hoca
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Eda Becer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hafize Seda Vatansever
- DESAM Institute, Near East University, Nicosia, Mersin, Turkey
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey
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Bungau AF, Radu AF, Bungau SG, Vesa CM, Tit DM, Endres LM. Oxidative stress and metabolic syndrome in acne vulgaris: Pathogenetic connections and potential role of dietary supplements and phytochemicals. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:115003. [PMID: 37315434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is a highly prevalent skin condition caused by androgen-induced elevated sebum secretion, abnormal keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Current research indicates a link between acne vulgaris and the metabolic syndrome, a group of disorders that includes obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. This link is thought to be modulated by excessive concentrations of oxidative stress markers and chronic inflammation, which are included in the pathophysiological mechanisms shared by both conditions. Excessive generation of reactive oxygen species damages cellular components and initiates an inflammatory response, hence promoting the development of both disorders. The current narrative review focuses on the molecular implications of inflammatory, hormonal, and environmental factors in the acne-metabolic syndrome correlation. Furthermore, it outlines the current state of knowledge related to the phyto-therapeutic approach to these conditions as an adjuvant strategy to allopathic treatment, but future multicenter and larger-scale research studies are needed establish new algorithms to be included in the future management of patients with these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa Florina Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Andrei Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Maria Endres
- Department of Psycho-Neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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