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Shen X, Lei C, Zhang A, Wang L, Chen D, Qi L, Hu Y, Chen G, Ran H, Yin WB. Stimulating Novel and Bioactive Metabolite Production by Cocultivation of Two Fungi ─Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39020512 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c04764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Fungi produce various bioactive secondary metabolites (SMs) as protective and weaponized tools to enhance survival in shared ecological niches. By mimicking a competitive ecosystem, cocultivation has been proven to be particularly successful in stimulating SM discovery. Here, we reported the identification of four novel metabolites, epiclactones A and B, epioxochromane and aoergostane, from the coculture of two biotechnologically important strains, Aspergillus oryzae and Epicoccum dendrobii. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses revealed widespread silent gene activation during fungal-fungal interaction. The majority of differentially expressed gene clusters were summarized for both strains. Based on these highly activated biosynthetic pathways, we suggested that a bidirectional chemical defense occurred under cocultivation. E. dendrobii enhanced the production of the spore inhibitor, fumigermin. Moreover, A. oryzae highly accumulated the antifungal agent kojic acid with a yield of up to 1.10 g/L. This study provides an excellent example for the discovery of hidden natural products by cocultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangrui Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Chengzhi Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Anxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Long Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Denghui Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Landa Qi
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Yiliang Hu
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Guocan Chen
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Huomiao Ran
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Henan Academy of Science Institute of Biology, Zhengzhou 450008, PR China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
- Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
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Qi Z, Tian L, Zhang H, Zhou X, Lei Y, Tang F. Mycobiome mediates the interaction between environmental factors and mycotoxin contamination in wheat grains. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172494. [PMID: 38631642 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Environmental factors significantly impact grain mycobiome assembly and mycotoxin contamination. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the wheat mycobiome and the role of fungal communities in the interaction between environmental factors and mycotoxins. In this study, we collected wheat grain samples from 12 major wheat-producing provinces in China during both the harvest and storage periods. Our aim was to evaluate the mycobiomes in wheat samples with varying deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination levels and to confirm the correlation between environmental factors, the wheat mycobiome, and mycotoxins. The results revealed significant differences in the wheat mycobiome and co-occurrence network between contaminated and uncontaminated wheat samples. Fusarium was identified as the main differential taxon responsible for inducing DON contamination in wheat. Correlation analysis identified key factors affecting mycotoxin contamination. The results indicate that both environmental factors and the wheat mycobiome play significant roles in the production and accumulation of DON. Environmental factors can affect the wheat mycobiome assembly, and wheat mycobiome mediates the interaction between environmental factors and mycotoxin contamination. Furthermore, a random forest (RF) model was developed using key biological indicators and environmental features to predict DON contamination in wheat with accuracies exceeding 90 %. The findings provide data support for the accurate prediction of mycotoxin contamination and lay the foundation for the research on biological control technologies of mycotoxin through the assembly of synthetic microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Qi
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Lin Tian
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China; College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yuqing Lei
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 102209, PR China
| | - Fang Tang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 102209, PR China.
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Wang Y, Tu Y, Chen X, Jiang H, Ren H, Lu Q, Wei C, Lv W. Didymellaceae species associated with tea plant ( Camelliasinensis) in China. MycoKeys 2024; 105:217-251. [PMID: 38846425 PMCID: PMC11153891 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.105.119536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tea plant is one of the most important commercial crops worldwide. The Didymellaceae fungi can cause leaf blight disease of tea plant. In this study, 240 isolates were isolated from tea plant leaves of 10 provinces in China. Combined with multi-locus (ITS, LSU, RPB2 and TUB2) phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics, these isolates were identified as 25 species of six genera in Didymellaceae, including 19 known species Didymellacoffeae-arabicae, D.pomorum, D.segeticola, D.sinensis, Epicoccumcatenisporum, E.dendrobii, E.draconis, E.italicum, E.latusicollum, E.mackenziei, E.oryzae, E.poaceicola, E.rosae, E.sorghinum, E.tobaicum, Neoascochytamortariensis, Paraboeremialitseae, Remotididymellaanemophila and Stagonosporopsiscaricae, of which 15 species were new record species and six novel species, named D.yunnanensis, E.anhuiense, E.jingdongense, E.puerense, N.yunnanensis and N.zhejiangensis. Amongst all isolates, D.segeticola was the most dominant species. Pathogenicity tests on tea plant leaves showed that E.anhuiense had the strongest virulence, while E.puerense had the weakest virulence. Besides, D.pomorum, D.yunnanensis, E.dendrobii, E.italicum, E.jingdongense, E.mackenziei, E.oryzae, E.rosae, E.tobaicum, N.mortariensis, N.yunnanensis, N.zhejiangensis and R.anemophila were non-pathogenic to the tea plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchun Wang
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yiyi Tu
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xueling Chen
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hong Jiang
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Hengze Ren
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qinhua Lu
- Institute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, ChinaInstitute of Sericulture and Tea, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouChina
| | - Chaoling Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, 130 Changjiang West Road, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, ChinaAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefeiChina
| | - Wuyun Lv
- College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang A & F UniversityHangzhouChina
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Evidente A. Advances on anticancer fungal metabolites: sources, chemical and biological activities in the last decade (2012-2023). NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2024; 14:31. [PMID: 38743184 PMCID: PMC11093966 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-024-00452-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Among microorganisms, fungi are the ones that have the most imagination in producing secondary metabolites with the most varied structural differences, which are produced through different biosynthetic pathways. Therefore, they synthesize secondary metabolites classifiable into numerous families of natural compounds such as amino acids, alkaloids, anthraquinones, aromatic compounds, cyclohexene epoxides, furanones, macrolides, naphthoquinones, polyketides, pyrones, terpenes, etc. They also produced metabolites with very complex structures that can not be classified in the known families of natural compounds. Many fungal metabolites show different biological activities with potential applications in agriculture, food chemistry, cosmetics, pharmacology and medicine. This review is focused on the fungal secondary metabolites with anticancer activity isolated in the last ten years. For some metabolites, when described, their biosynthetic origin, the mode of action and the results of structure activity relationships studies are also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Evidente
- Institute Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 70125, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy.
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Xu Z, Xu L, Liu J, Chen D, Cui H, Xue L, Li C. High Diversity of Epicoccum Species Associated with Leaf Spot on Italian Ryegrass in Southwestern China: Six New Records and Three New Species. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:1308-1319. [PMID: 37953231 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-23-1044-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Italian ryegrass is widely cultivated for the production of forage, hay, and silage because of its high nutritional value and good palatability. Leaf spots caused by fungi pose a serious threat to forage crops. In order to expand the knowledge of fungi causing leaf spots in ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Sichuan, Yunnan, Chongqing, and Guizhou of southwestern China, a comprehensive survey was undertaken from 2015 to 2022. The survey discovered that Epicoccum leaf spot (ELS) was a common and widespread disease, more serious at the late stage of growth (after late May). Symptomatic leaf samples collected from the four different provinces were analyzed, and a total of 202 Epicoccum isolates were obtained. Based on both multilocus phylogeny (ITS, LSU, TUB2, and RPB2) and morphology, 10 Epicoccum species were finally identified, including three novel species (E. endololii sp. nov., E. lolii sp. nov., and E. loliicola sp. nov.), six new host records (E. draconis, E. endophyticum, E. oryzae, E. plurivorum, E. thailandicum, and E. tobaicum), and an unknown species (Epicoccum sp.1). Pathogenicity tests showed that E. endophyticum, E. endololii, and Epicoccum sp.1 were nonpathogenic to Italian ryegrass, which were confirmed as endophytes in this study; the other six species could infect Italian ryegrass and cause leaf lesions to different degrees, of which E. draconis was more aggressive (P ≤ 0.05). Coupled with the isolation rates and geographical distributions of these species, it was found that E. plurivorum was the predominant pathogen in Yunnan while E. oryzae and E. tobaicum were the predominant pathogens in the other three provinces. This work provides an initial understanding of the taxonomy, virulence, and distribution of Epicoccum species associated with ELS in southwestern China and lays a solid foundation for the diagnosis in the field and scientific control of ELS on Italian ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiting Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Dongying Chen
- Chongqing Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Huawei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Longhai Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems; Center for Grassland Microbiome; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Western China Grassland Industry; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
- Grassland Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
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6
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Elnaggar MS, Fayez S, Anwar A, Ebada SS. Cytotoxic naphtho- and benzofurans from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2 associated with Annona squamosa fruits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4940. [PMID: 38418706 PMCID: PMC10901772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55168-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical exploration of the total extract derived from Epicoccum nigrum Ann-B-2, an endophyte associated with Annona squamosa fruits, afforded two new metabolites, epicoccofuran A (1) and flavimycin C (2), along with four known compounds namely, epicocconigrone A (3), epicoccolide B (4), epicoccone (5) and 4,5,6-trihydroxy-7-methyl-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran (6). Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated using extensive 1D and 2D NMR along with HR-ESI-MS. Flavimycin C (2) was isolated as an epimeric mixture of its two diastereomers 2a and 2b. The new compounds 1 and 2 displayed moderate activity against B. subtilis, whereas compounds (2, 3, 5, and 6) showed significant antiproliferative effects against a panel of seven different cancer cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 1.3 to 12 µM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Elnaggar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa Fayez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Alaa Anwar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Ebada
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
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Rodríguez J, Vázquez L, Flórez AB, Mayo B. Epicoccum sp. as the causative agent of a reddish-brown spot defect on the surface of a hard cheese made of raw ewe milk. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 406:110401. [PMID: 37722266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Colour defects can affect the appearance of cheese, its flavour, the safety of its consumption, and the price it can demand. This work reports the identification of five fungal isolates from a dairy plant where the surface of most cheeses was affected by patent, reddish-to-brown stains. One of these isolates was obtained from cheese, two from brine, and two from a bulk tank containing ewe milk. Molecular identification by partial amplification, sequencing, and database comparison of the concatenated sequence of the genes coding for the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), β-tubulin (β-TUB), and the large subunit of the rRNA molecule (LSU), plus the internal transcribed sequence (ITS) regions, assigned the isolates to Epicoccum layuense, Epicoccum italicum, and Epicoccum mezzettii. Features of the growth of these different species on different agar-based media, and of the morphology of their conidia following sporulation, are also reported. The strain isolated from cheese, E. layuense IPLA 35011, was able to recreate the reddish-brown stains on slices of Gouda-like cheese, which linked the fungus with the colour defect. In addition, two other strains, E. italicum IPLA 35013 from brine and E. italicum IPLA 35014 from milk, also produced stains on cheese slices. Epicoccum species are widely recognized as plant pathogens but have seldom been reported in the dairy setting, and never as human or animal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Rodríguez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Lucía Vázquez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Belén Flórez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Baltasar Mayo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Bioquímica, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (IPLA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Paseo Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Avenida de Roma s/n, 33011 Oviedo, Spain.
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Kwon HJ, Choi EH, Choi U, Park SH. Biological production of epicoccamide-aglycone and its cytotoxicity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129524. [PMID: 37839713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Epicoccamide (EPC) is an O-d-mannosylated acyltetramic acid of Epicoccum origin and is a bolaamphiphilic fungal polyketide. EPC displays weak toxicity against Staphylococcus aureus and HeLa cell lines. The EPC biosynthetic gene cluster was previously identified in Epicoccum nigrum and knockout of the glycosyltransferase gene (epcB) abolished EPC production. EPC-aglycone was expected in the epcB knockout but was not found. This study demonstrates that extractive culture using the hydrophobic resin Diaion HP-20 resulted in the production of EPC-aglycone, which was isolated using chromatographic separation techniques, and its structural identity was substantiated by chemical analyses. EPC-aglycone displayed strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the minimal inhibitory concentration of 1 μg/mL (64 μg/mL for EPC). EPC-aglycone displayed higher levels of growth inhibition against HeLa cell line (the half inhibitory concentration, 19 μM) and WI-38 (15 μM) cell line than EPC (76 μM and 38 μM vs. HeLa and WI-38, respectively). The dose-response curve fit of growth inhibition indicated that EPC-aglycone adopted a shallow curve (low slope factor), which was different from that of EPC, suggesting that their cellular targets are distinct from each other. This study substantiates that the d-mannose attachment is the final step in EPC biosynthesis, showcasing a glycosylation-mediated modulation of the biological activity of simple acyltetramic acid. This study also highlights the usefulness of extractive cultures in mining cryptic microbial natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Jin Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun Ha Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Umji Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Hyung Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resources and Institute for Traditional Korean Medicine Industry, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do 58554, Republic of Korea
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Zhou L, Wu S, Ma M. First insights into diversity and potential metabolic pathways of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere of Argemonemexicana L. (Papaveraceae) from the water-level-fluctuation zone of Wudongde Reservoir of the upper Yangtze river, China. Biodivers Data J 2023; 11:e101950. [PMID: 38327346 PMCID: PMC10848652 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.11.e101950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The water-level fluctuation zone (WLFZ) of Wudongde reservoir of the upper Yangtze river is a completely new aquatic-terrestrial transitional zone, and its plant degenerate issue is attracting global concerns. Uncovering the unknown rhizosphere microbiome of dominant plants of this zone is helpful in understanding the plant-microbe interactions and their growth under the largely varying environment. Here, a first exploration of the rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities of wilted (JB) and unwilted (JA) Argemonemexicana L. individuals from the WLFZ of Wudongde reservoir was carried out using high-throughput sequencing and MetaCyc metabolic pathway analyses. The results showed that rhizosphere of wilted A.mexicana L individuals exhibited a higher microbial richness and diversity than the unwilted ones, irrespective of the bacterial and fungal communities. It was noted that 837 common bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASV) and 92 common fungal ASV were presented in both JA and JB with 3108 bacteria and 212 fungi unique to JA, and 3569 bacteria and 693 fungi unique to JB. Linear discriminant analysis effect Size (LEfSe) analyses indicated that the taxa that had the most contribution to observed differences between both JA and JB was Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Ascomycota for JA, and Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Basidiomycota and Ascomycota for JB. Organic compound conversion pathway (degradation/reduction/oxidation) was consistently highly represented in the rhizosphere microbiomes of both JA and JB. Overall, this study provides insights into the rhizosphere microbiome composition, diversity and metabolic pathways of both wilted and unwilted A.mexicana L. individuals in the WLFZ of Wudongde reservoir, and the results give valuable clues for manipulating microbes to support plant growth in such a recently-formed WLFZ under a dry-hot valley environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Zhou
- School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, ChinaSchool of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqingChina
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqingChina
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaChongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Shengjun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqingChina
| | - Maohua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, ChinaKey Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqingChina
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10
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Chen N, Chen SW, Qiu SY, Lu SM, Wei JR, Yang FW, Geng HC, Zhou M. Ganodermasides E-H, four new ergosterol derivatives from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum poae DJ-F associated with Euphorbia royleana. Fitoterapia 2023; 168:105562. [PMID: 37295756 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ganodermasides E-H (1-4), four new ergosterol derivatives and two known ones (5 and 6) were isolated from the fermentation of the endophytic fungus Epicoccum poae DJ-F in the stems of Euphorbia royleana Boiss. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including extensive 1D NMR, 2D NMR, and HRESIMS techniques. All the isolated compounds were tested for their vitro antibacterial activity. Compounds 1-6 showed weak inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas syringae, and Ralstonia solanacearum with MIC values ranging from 0.4 to 3.6 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China.; School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Chen
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Shi-Yu Qiu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Song-Mei Lu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Ji-Rui Wei
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Fu-Wen Yang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China
| | - Hui-Chun Geng
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Science, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, People's Republic of China..
| | - Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources, State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China.; School of Ethnic Medicine, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650031, PR China..
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11
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Biopigments of Microbial Origin and Their Application in the Cosmetic Industry. COSMETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/cosmetics10020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Along with serving as a source of color, many microbial pigments have gained attention as interesting bioactive molecules with potential health advantages. These pigments have several applications in the food, agrochemical, medicine, and cosmetic industries. They have attracted the attention of these industries due to their high production value, low cost, stability, and biodegradability. Recently, many consumers worldwide have noted the impact of synthetic dyes; thus, natural pigments are more in demand than synthetic colors. On the other hand, the cosmetic industry has been moving toward greener manufacturing, from the formulation to the packaging material. Microbial pigments have several applications in the field of cosmetics due to their photoprotection, antioxidant, and antiaging properties, including inhibiting melanogenesis and acting as natural colorants for cosmetics, as some microorganisms are rich in pigments. More investigations are required to estimate the safety and efficacy of employing microbial pigments in cosmetic products. Furthermore, it is necessary to obtain information about DNA sequencing, metabolic pathways, and genetic engineering. In addition, unique habitats should be explored for novel pigments and new producing strains. Thus, new microbial pigments could be of consideration to the cosmetic industry, as they are ideal for future cosmetics with positive health effects.
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Li T, Im J, Lee J. Genetic Diversity of Epicoccum nigrum and its Effects on Fusarium graminearum. MYCOBIOLOGY 2022; 50:457-466. [PMID: 36721792 PMCID: PMC9848293 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2022.2148394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epicoccum nigrum is a saprophytic or endophytic fungus that is found worldwide. Because of the antagonist effects of E. nigrum on many plant pathogens, current studies on E. nigrum have focused on the development of biological control agents and the utilization of its various metabolites. In this study, E. nigrum was collected from a wheat field, and its genetic diversity was analyzed. Phylogenetic analyses identified 63 isolates of E. nigrum divided into seven groups, indicating a wide genetic diversity. Isolates antagonized the wheat pathogen Fusarium graminearum, and reduced disease symptoms caused by F. graminearum in wheat coleoptiles. Moreover, pretreatment of wheat coleoptiles with E. nigrum induced the upregulation of pathogen-related (PR) genes, PR1, PR2, PR3, PR5, PR9, and PR10 in wheat coleoptiles responding to F. graminearum invasion. Overall, this study indicates that E. nigrum isolates can be used as biological pathogen inhibitors applied in wheat fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiying Li
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jihyeon Im
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
| | - Jungkwan Lee
- Department of Applied Biology, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea
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Xu X, Li J, Yang X, Zhang L, Wang S, Shen G, Hui B, Xiao J, Zhou C, Wang X, Zhao J, Xiang W. Epicoccum spp. Causing Maize Leaf Spot in Heilongjiang Province, China. PLANT DISEASE 2022; 106:3050-3060. [PMID: 35612576 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-09-21-1948-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maize leaf spot occurs worldwide and affects maize production. Maize can be infected by several pathogens causing leaf spot, such as Bipolaris zeicola, Bipolaris maydis, Curvularia species, Alternaria species, etc. In the current study, 30 Epicoccum isolates recovered from symptomatic maize leaves were identified based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity, and multilocus sequence analyses of nuLSU, ITS, tub2, and rpb2. These maize isolates were grouped into five Epicoccum species, including E. nigrum, E. layuense, E. sorghinum, E. latusicollum, and E. pneumoniae. Pathogenicity tests showed that all five Epicoccum species could produce small ellipse- and spindle-shaped spots on maize leaves. The lesion center was grayish yellow to dark gray and surrounded by a chlorotic area. Furthermore, the Epicoccum isolates exhibited high pathogenicity to 20 main maize varieties of Heilongjiang Province but showed different sensitivities to the commonly used fungicides carbendazim and tebuconazole. In addition, these Epicoccum isolates showed different production capacity of pectinase, cellulase, protease, amylase, laccase, and gelatinase, but all showed high lipase activity. This is the first report globally of E. layuense, E. latusicollum, and E. pneumoniae as causal agents of maize leaf spot. E. pneumoniae was first reported as a plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xilang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Guijin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hui
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jialei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Changjian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xiangjing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Junwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Wensheng Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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14
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Zhang T, Cai G, Rong X, Xu J, Jiang B, Wang H, Li X, Wang L, Zhang R, He W, Yu L. Mining and characterization of the PKS-NRPS hybrid for epicoccamide A: a mannosylated tetramate derivative from Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:249. [PMID: 36419162 PMCID: PMC9685919 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01975-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomic analysis indicated that the genomes of ascomycetes might carry dozens of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), yet many clusters have remained enigmatic. The ascomycete genus Epicoccum, belonging to the family Didymellaceae, is ubiquitous that colonizes different types of substrates and is associated with phyllosphere or decaying vegetation. Species of this genus are prolific producers of bioactive substances. The epicoccamides, as biosynthetically distinct mannosylated tetramate, were first isolated in 2003 from Epicoccum sp. In this study, using a combination of genome mining, chemical identification, genetic deletion, and bioinformatic analysis, we identified the required BGC epi responsible for epicoccamide A biosynthesis in Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. RESULTS The unconventional biosynthetic gene cluster epi was obtained from an endophyte Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996 through AntiSMASH-based genome mining. The cluster epi includes six putative open reading frames (epiA-epiF) altogether, in which the epiA encodes a tetramate-forming polyketide synthase and nonribosomal peptide synthetases (PKS-NRPS hybrid). Sequence alignments and bioinformatic analysis to other metabolic pathways of fungal tetramates, we proposed that the gene cluster epi could be involved in generating epicoccamides. Genetic knockout of epiA completely abolished the biosynthesis of epicoccamide A (1), thereby establishing the correlation between the BGC epi and biosynthesis of epicoccamide A. Bioinformatic adenylation domain signature analysis of EpiA and other fungal PKS-NRPSs (NRPs) indicated that the EpiA is L-alanine incorporating tetramates megasynthase. Furthermore, based on the molecular structures of epicoccamide A and deduced gene functions of the cluster epi, a hypothetic metabolic pathway for biosynthesizing compound 1 was proposed. The corresponding tetramates releasing during epicoccamide A biosynthesis was catalyzed through Dieckmann-type cyclization, in which the reductive (R) domain residing in terminal module of EpiA accomplished the conversion. These results unveiled the underlying mechanism of epicoccamides biosynthesis and these findings might provide opportunities for derivatization of epicoccamides or generation of new chemical entities. CONCLUSION Genome mining and genetic inactivation experiments unveiled a previously uncharacterized PKS - NRPS hybrid-based BGC epi responsible for the generation of epicoccamide A (1) in endophyte Epicoccum sp. CPCC 400996. In addition, based on the gene cluster data, a hypothetical biosynthetic pathway of epicoccamide A was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Guowei Cai
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.452240.50000 0004 8342 6962Medical Research Center, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, 256603 Shandong China
| | - Xiaoting Rong
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China ,grid.510447.30000 0000 9970 6820College of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003 Jiangsu China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Bingya Jiang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Hao Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Xinxin Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Lu Wang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Ran Zhang
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Wenni He
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
| | - Liyan Yu
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050 China
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15
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Shang Z, Wang Y, An M, Chen X, Kulyar MFEA, Tan Z, Liu S, Li K. The successional trajectory of bacterial and fungal communities in soil are fabricated by yaks’ excrement contamination in plateau, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1016852. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1016852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The soil microbiome is crucial in determining contemporary realistic conditions for future terrestrial ecological and evolutionary development. However, the precise mechanism between the fecal deposition in livestock grazing and changes in the soil microbiome remains unknown. This is the first in-depth study of bacterial and fungal taxonomic changes of excrement contaminated soils in the plateau (>3,500 m). This suggests the functional shifts towards a harmful-dominated soil microbiome. According to our findings, excrement contamination significantly reduced the soil bacterial and fungal diversity and richness. Furthermore, a continuous decrease in the relative abundance of microorganisms was associated with nutrient cycling, soil pollution purification, and root-soil stability with the increasing degree of excrement contamination. In comparison, soil pathogens were found to have the opposite trend in the scenario, further deteriorating normal soil function and system resilience. Such colonization and succession of the microbiome might provide an important potential theoretical instruction for microbiome-based soil health protection measures in the plateau of China.
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Li WL, Tong SG, Yang ZY, Xiao YQ, Lv XC, Weng Q, Yu K, Liu GR, Luo XQ, Wei T, Han JZ, Ai LZ, Ni L. The dynamics of microbial community and flavor metabolites during the acetic acid fermentation of Hongqu aromatic vinegar. Curr Res Food Sci 2022; 5:1720-1731. [PMID: 36238813 PMCID: PMC9550536 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the dynamics of microbial community and flavor metabolites during the traditional fermentation of Hongqu aromatic vinegar (HAV) and subsequently explored the potential relationship between microbiota and flavor metabolites. The microbiome analysis based on high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of amplicons demonstrated that Lactobacillus, Acetobacter and Clostridium were the dominant bacterial genera, while Alternaria, Candida, Aspergillus and Issatchenkia were the dominant fungal genera during the acetic acid fermentation (AAF) of HAV. A total of 101 volatile flavor compounds were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) during HAV fermentation, including esters (35), alcohols (17), aldehydes (11), acids (11), ketones (7), phenols (10), and others (10). Redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to reveal the correlation between microbiota and volatile flavor compounds. Lactobacillus and Acetobacter were the two bacterial genera that have the great influence on the production of volatile flavor components in HAV. Among them, Lactobacillus was positively correlated with a variety of ethyl esters, while Acetobacter positively contributed to the formation of several organic acids. Furthermore, the non-volatile metabolites were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). A total of 41 dipeptides were identified during HAV fermentation, and most of them may have sensory characteristics and biological activities. RDA showed that Aspergillus, Epicoccum, Issatchenkia, Candida and Malassezia were the most influential fungal genera on non-volatile metabolites. In particular, Epicoccum was first reported in Hongqu vinegar and showed a positive correlation with the production of various organic acids. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for understanding the flavor generation mechanism of HAV, and may be valuable for developing effective techniques to select suitable strains to improve the flavor quality of HAV. Microbial community in Hongqu aromatic vinegar was investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The key flavor metabolites during the acetic acid fermentation of HAV were selected through PLS-DA. Lactobacillus, Acetobacter and Clostridium were the predominant bacterial genera in HAV fermentation. Alternaria, Candida, Aspergillus and Issatchenkia were the predominant fungal genera in HAV fermentation. Redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed the correlation between microbiota and flavor metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Long Li
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Shan-Gong Tong
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Zi-Yi Yang
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Yan-Qin Xiao
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
| | - Xu-Cong Lv
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
- Corresponding author. Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China.
| | - Qi Weng
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Kui Yu
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Gui-Rong Liu
- Fujian Minyan Food Technology Co., Ltd., Sanming, Fujian, 365500, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Luo
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Tao Wei
- Fujian Salt Industry Group Co., Ltd., Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, PR China
| | - Jin-Zhi Han
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
- Corresponding author. Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China.
| | - Lian-Zhong Ai
- School of Medical Instruments and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
| | - Li Ni
- Food Nutrition and Health Research Center, School of Advanced Manufacturing, Fuzhou University, Jinjiang, Fujian, 362200, PR China
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, PR China
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Coumarins as Fungal Metabolites with Potential Medicinal Properties. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091156. [PMID: 36139936 PMCID: PMC9495007 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coumarins are a structurally varied set of 2H-chromen-2-one compounds categorized also as members of the benzopyrone group of secondary metabolites. Coumarin derivatives attract interest owing to their wide practical application and the unique reactivity of fused benzene and pyrone ring systems in molecular structure. Coumarins have their own specific fingerprints as antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiadipogenic, cytotoxic, apoptosis, antitumor, antitubercular, and cytotoxicity agents. Natural products have played an essential role in filling the pharmaceutical pipeline for thousands of years. Biological effects of natural coumarins have laid the basis of low-toxic and highly effective drugs. Presently, more than 1300 coumarins have been identified in plants, bacteria, and fungi. Fungi as cultivated microbes have provided many of the nature-inspired syntheses of chemically diverse drugs. Endophytic fungi bioactivities attract interest, with applications in fields as diverse as cancer and neuronal injury or degeneration, microbial and parasitic infections, and others. Fungal mycelia produce several classes of bioactive molecules, including a wide group of coumarins. Of promise are further studies of conditions and products of the natural and synthetic coumarins’ biotransformation by the fungal cultures, aimed at solving the urgent problem of searching for materials for biomedical engineering. The present review evaluates the fungal coumarins, their structure-related peculiarities, and their future therapeutic potential. Special emphasis has been placed on the coumarins successfully bioprospected from fungi, whereas an industry demand for the same coumarins earlier found in plants has faced hurdles. Considerable attention has also been paid to some aspects of the molecular mechanisms underlying the coumarins’ biological activity. The compounds are selected and grouped according to their cytotoxic, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, and miscellaneous effects.
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Rivera-Vega LJ, Zhou W, Buchman LW, Valencia CU, Jack ALH, Castillo Lopez D, Sword GA. Plant-associated fungi affect above- and belowground pest responses to soybean plants. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:422-435. [PMID: 35352442 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this research was to screen fungal isolates originally isolated from cotton plants and measure their effects on the interactions between soybean and two aboveground pests (cabbage looper; Trichoplusia ni and soybean looper; Chrysodeixis includens) as well as a belowground pest (soybean cyst nematode; Heterodera glycines). METHODS AND RESULTS For aboveground pests, we measured the leaf area consumed and larval weight. For our belowground pest tests, we measured shoot height, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight and number of cysts. Out of the 50 fungal isolates tested, we tested 30 fungi in the interaction with cabbage looper, 36 for soybean looper, 41 for soybean cyst nematode. We tested 23 isolates against all pests and identified multiple isolates that significantly changed the response of pests on inoculated soybean plants versus controls. CONCLUSIONS We identified three fungal isolates that significantly reduced both leaf area consumed aboveground by caterpillars and number of cysts produced belowground by nematodes. These isolates were an Epicoccum italicum, a Chaetomium undulatum and a Stemphylium majusculum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY Overall, this study provides important insights into plant-fungal interactions and their effect on both above- and belowground pests. This study also highlights an important first step towards harnessing the potential of microbial inoculates as a tool for integrated pest management in soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren J Rivera-Vega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Wenqing Zhou
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Leah W Buchman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Cesar U Valencia
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Allison L H Jack
- Indigo Ag Inc, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- New Leaf Symbiotics, St. Louis., Missouri, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Sword
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Marx ÍMG, Baptista P, Casal S, Rodrigues N, Cruz R, Veloso ACA, Pereira JA, Peres AM. Inoculation of cv. Arbequina olives with fungi isolated from leaves and its effect on the extracted oils’ stability and health-related composition. Eur Food Res Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-022-04090-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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20
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Cao D, Lou Y, Jiang X, Zhang D, Liu J. Fungal Diversity in Barley Under Different Storage Conditions. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:895975. [PMID: 35814699 PMCID: PMC9257103 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.895975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of fungi in barley in simulated storage environments was analyzed. Barley was stored at different temperatures (15, 25, 35°C) and relative humidity (55, 65, 75, 85 RH) for 180 and 360 days. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, species composition, and species differences were analyzed using Illumina HiSeq technology. The fungal communities in all barley samples before and after storage belonged to 3 phyla, 18 classes, 39 orders, 71 families, 103 genera, and 152 species. The relative abundance of the dominant phylum Ascomycota was 77.98–99.19%. The relative abundance of Basidiomycota was 0.77–21.96%. At the genus level, the dominant genera of fungi in barley initially included Fusarium, Aspergillus, Microdochium, Alternaria, and Epicoccum. After 360 days of storage, the dominant genera became Epicoccum, Alternaria, Bipolar, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Aspergillus. According to Venn diagrams and principal coordinates analysis, the fungal community diversity in barley initially was much higher than in barley stored at different temperatures and humidity. The application of PLS-DA could accurately distinguish between barley stored for 180 and 360 days. Some high-temperature and high-humidity environments accelerated storage. The dominant genera differed in different storage conditions and constantly changed with increasing storage duration. Epicoccum was one of the dominant genera after longer storage periods. This study provides theoretical support for optimizing safe storage conditions in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
| | - Yuhao Lou
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Xiujie Jiang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- National Coarse Cereals Engineering Research Center, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing and Quality Safety of Heilongjiang Province, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Engineering Research Center for Coarse Cereals Processing and Quality Safety, Daqing, China
- Heilongjiang Province Cultivating Collaborative Innovation Center for the Beidahuang Modern Agricultural Industry Technology, Daqing, China
- *Correspondence: Dongjie Zhang,
| | - Junmei Liu
- College of Food Science, Jilin Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Junmei Liu,
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21
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Endophytic Fungal and Bacterial Microbiota Shift in Rice and Barnyardgrass Grown under Co-Culture Condition. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11121592. [PMID: 35736742 PMCID: PMC9231121 DOI: 10.3390/plants11121592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) is more competitive than rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the aboveground part, little is known about whether barnyardgrass is still competitive in recruiting endophytes and the root microbiota composition variation of rice under the barnyardgrass stress. Here, by detailed temporal characterization of root-associated microbiomes of rice plants during co-planted barnyardgrass stress and a comparison with the microbiomes of unplanted soil, we found that the bacterial community diversity of rice was dramatically higher while the fungal community richness was significantly lower than that of barnyardgrass at BBCH 45 and 57. More importantly, rice recruited more endophytic bacteria at BBCH 45 and 57, and more endophytic fungi at BBCH 17, 24, 37 to aginst the biotic stress from barnyardgrass. Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) showed that rice and barnyardgrass had different community compositions of endophytic bacteria and fungi in roots. The PICRUSt predictive analysis indicated that majority of metabolic pathways of bacteria were overrepresented in barnyardgrass. However, eleven pathways were significantly presented in rice. In addition, rice and barnyardgrass harbored different fungal trophic modes using FUNGuild analysis. A negative correlation between bacteria and fungi in rice and barnyardgrass roots was found via network analysis. Actinobacteria was the vital bacteria in rice, while Proteobacteria dominated in barnyardgrass, and Ascomycota was the vital fungi in each species. These findings provided data and a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of the competition of barnyardgrass and endophytes and have implications relevant to weed prevention and control strategies using root microbiota.
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Leaf-Associated Epiphytic Fungi of Gingko biloba, Pinus bungeana and Sabina chinensis Exhibit Delicate Seasonal Variations. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8060631. [PMID: 35736114 PMCID: PMC9225447 DOI: 10.3390/jof8060631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-leaf surface on Earth harbors complex microbial communities that influence plant productivity and health. To gain a detailed understanding of the assembly and key drivers of leaf microbial communities, especially for leaf-associated fungi, we investigated leaf-associated fungal communities in two seasons for three plant species at two sites by high-throughput sequencing. The results reveal a strong impact of growing season and plant species on fungal community composition, exhibiting clear temporal patterns in abundance and diversity. For the deciduous tree Gingko biloba, the number of enriched genera in May was much higher than that in October. The number of enriched genera in the two evergreen trees Pinus bungeana and Sabina chinensis was slightly higher in October than in May. Among the genus-level biomarkers, the abundances of Alternaria, Cladosporium and Filobasidium were significantly higher in October than in May in the three tree species. Additionally, network correlations between the leaf-associated fungi of G. biloba were more complex in May than those in October, containing extra negative associations, which was more obvious than the network correlation changes of leaf-associated fungi of the two evergreen plant species. Overall, the fungal diversity and community composition varied significantly between different growing seasons and host plant species.
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Gutiérrez-Sarmiento W, Peña-Ocaña BA, Lam-Gutiérrez A, Guzmán-Albores JM, Jasso-Chávez R, Ruíz-Valdiviezo VM. Microbial community structure, physicochemical characteristics and predictive functionalities of the Mexican tepache fermented beverage. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127045. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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de Menezes GCA, Câmara PEAS, Pinto OHB, Convey P, Carvalho-Silva M, Simões JC, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Fungi in the Antarctic Cryosphere: Using DNA Metabarcoding to Reveal Fungal Diversity in Glacial Ice from the Antarctic Peninsula Region. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2022; 83:647-657. [PMID: 34228196 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-021-01792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We assessed fungal diversity present in glacial from the Antarctic Peninsula using DNA metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). We detected a total of 353,879 fungal DNA reads, representing 94 genera and 184 taxa, in glacial ice fragments obtained from seven sites in the north-west Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands. The phylum Ascomycota dominated the sequence diversity, followed by Basidiomycota and Mortierellomycota. Penicillium sp., Cladosporium sp., Penicillium atrovenetum, Epicoccum nigrum, Pseudogymnoascus sp. 1, Pseudogymnoascus sp. 2, Phaeosphaeriaceae sp. and Xylaria grammica were the most dominant taxa, respectively. However, the majority of the fungal diversity comprised taxa of rare and intermediate relative abundance, predominately known mesophilic fungi. High indices of diversity and richness were calculated, along with moderate index of dominance, which varied among the different sampling sites. Only 26 (14%) of the total fungal taxa detected were present at all sampling sites. The identified diversity was dominated by saprophytic taxa, followed by known plant and animal pathogens and a low number of symbiotic fungi. Our data suggest that Antarctic glacial ice may represent a hotspot of previously unreported fungal diversity; however, further studies are required to integrate HTS and culture approaches to confirm viability of the taxa detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | - Peter Convey
- British Antarctic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
- Department of Zoology , University of Johannesburg , Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Jefferson Cardia Simões
- Centro Polar E Climático, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, , CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Liu J, Song M, Wei X, Zhang H, Bai Z, Zhuang X. Responses of Phyllosphere Microbiome to Ozone Stress: Abundance, Community Compositions and Functions. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040680. [PMID: 35456732 PMCID: PMC9024792 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ozone is a typical hazardous pollutant in Earth’s lower atmosphere, but the phyllosphere and its microbiome are promising for air pollution remediation. Despite research to explore the efficiency and mechanism of ozone phylloremediation, the response and role of the phyllosphere microbiome remains untouched. In this study, we exposed Euonymus japonicus to different ozone levels and revealed microbial successions and roles of the phyllosphere microbiome during the exposure. The low-level exposure (156 ± 20 ppb) induced limited response compared to other environmental factors. Fungi failed to sustain the community richness and diversity, despite the stable ITS concentration, while bacteria witnessed an abundance loss. We subsequently elevated the exposure level to 5000~10,000 ppb, which considerably deteriorated the bacterial and fungal diversity. Our results identified extremely tolerant species, including bacterial genera (Curtobacterium, Marmoricola, and Microbacterium) and fungal genera (Cladosporium and Alternaria). Compositional differences suggested that most core fungal taxa were related to plant diseases and biocontrol, and ozone exposure might intensify such antagonism, thus possibly influencing plant health and ozone remediation. This assumption was further evidenced in the functional predictions via a pathogen predominance. This study shed light on microbial responses to ozone exposure in the phyllosphere and enlightened the augmentation of ozone phylloremediation through the microbial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (M.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Manjiao Song
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (M.S.); (X.W.)
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinyuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (M.S.); (X.W.)
| | - Huanzhen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (J.L.); (H.Z.)
| | - Zhihui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (M.S.); (X.W.)
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Xiongan Institute of Innovation, Xiongan New Area 071000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6284-9156 (Z.B.); +86-10-6284-9193 (X.Z.)
| | - Xuliang Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; (M.S.); (X.W.)
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-10-6284-9156 (Z.B.); +86-10-6284-9193 (X.Z.)
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Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Baccharis linearis and Echinopsis chiloensis with Antifungal Activity against Botrytis cinerea. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020197. [PMID: 35205951 PMCID: PMC8878204 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is one of the most important phytopathogens in agriculture worldwide, infecting economically important crops. The main control of this fungus is by synthetic fungicides, causing the selection of resistant isolates. Compounds produced by endophytic fungi have been shown to have antifungal activity against this pathogen and can be used as an alternative to synthetic fungicides. The aim of this work was to isolate endophytic fungi from Chilean foothills in the Metropolitan Region. Ten fungi were isolated from Echinopsis chiloensis and Baccharis linearis, however, only two isolates inhibited the mycelial growth of B. cinerea by antibiosis and were identified as Epicoccum sp. and Pleosporales sp. Extracts at 200 mg L−1 from Epicoccum sp. and Pleosporales sp. showed antifungal activity against B. cinerea of 54.6 and 44.6% respectively. Active compounds in the Epicoccum sp. extracts were mainly alkaloids and phenolic compounds; meanwhile, in the Pleosporales sp. extracts, terpenes and/or saponins were responsible for the antifungal activity.
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Reis MNO, Bessa LA, de Jesus AP, Guimarães Silva F, Moreira MA, Vitorino LC. Efficiency of the Hydroponic System as an Approach to Confirm the Solubilization of CaHPO 4 by Microbial Strains Using Glycine max as a Model. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:759463. [PMID: 34777440 PMCID: PMC8589188 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.759463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable development of agriculture can be stimulated by the great market availability of bio-inputs, including phosphate-solubilizing microbial strains. However, these strains are currently selected using imprecise and questionable solubilization methodologies in solid or liquid media. We hypothesized that the hydroponic system could be a more efficient methodology for selecting phosphate-solubilizing strains as plant growth promoters. This methodology was tested using the plant Glycine max as a model. The growth-promoting potential of the strains was compared with that of the Biomaphos® commercial microbial mixture. The obtained calcium phosphate (CaHPO4) solubilization results using the hydroponic system were inconsistent with those observed in solid and liquid media. However, the tests in liquid medium demonstrated poor performances of Codinaeopsis sp. (328EF) and Hamigera insecticola (33EF) in reducing pH and solubilizing CaHPO4, which corroborates with the effects of biotic stress observed in G. max plants inoculated with these strains. Nevertheless, the hydroponic system allowed the characterization of Paenibacillus alvei (PA12), which is also efficient in solubilization in a liquid medium. The bacterium Lysinibacillus fusiformis (PA26) was the most effective in CaHPO4 solubilization owing to the higher phosphorus (P) absorption, growth promotion, and physiological performance observed in plants inoculated with this bacterium. The hydroponic method proved to be superior in selecting solubilizing strains, allowing the assessment of multiple patterns, such as nutritional level, growth, photosynthetic performance, and anatomical variation in plants, and even the detection of biotic stress responses to inoculation, obtaining strains with higher growth promotion potential than Biomaphos®. This study proposed a new approach to confirm the solubilizing activity of microorganisms previously selected in vitro and potentially intended for the bio-input market that are useful in P availability for important crops, such as soybeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Neri Oliveira Reis
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Rio Verde Campus, Highway Sul Goiana, Rio Verde, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition and CEAGRE – Exponential Agriculture Center of Excellence, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Layara Alexandre Bessa
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Rio Verde Campus, Highway Sul Goiana, Rio Verde, Brazil
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition and CEAGRE – Exponential Agriculture Center of Excellence, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pereira de Jesus
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Rio Verde Campus, Highway Sul Goiana, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Mineral Nutrition and CEAGRE – Exponential Agriculture Center of Excellence, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rio Verde, Brazil
| | - Marialva Alvarenga Moreira
- Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG), Santa Rita Experimental Field, Prudente de Morais, Brazil
| | - Luciana Cristina Vitorino
- Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Instituto Federal Goiano – Rio Verde Campus, Highway Sul Goiana, Rio Verde, Brazil
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28
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Perkins AK, Rose AL, Grossart HP, Rojas-Jimenez K, Barroso Prescott SK, Oakes JM. Oxic and Anoxic Organic Polymer Degradation Potential of Endophytic Fungi From the Marine Macroalga, Ecklonia radiata. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:726138. [PMID: 34733248 PMCID: PMC8558676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.726138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellulose and chitin are the most abundant polymeric, organic carbon source globally. Thus, microbes degrading these polymers significantly influence global carbon cycling and greenhouse gas production. Fungi are recognized as important for cellulose decomposition in terrestrial environments, but are far less studied in marine environments, where bacterial organic matter degradation pathways tend to receive more attention. In this study, we investigated the potential of fungi to degrade kelp detritus, which is a major source of cellulose in marine systems. Given that kelp detritus can be transported considerable distances in the marine environment, we were specifically interested in the capability of endophytic fungi, which are transported with detritus, to ultimately contribute to kelp detritus degradation. We isolated 10 species and two strains of endophytic fungi from the kelp Ecklonia radiata. We then used a dye decolorization assay to assess their ability to degrade organic polymers (lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose) under both oxic and anoxic conditions and compared their degradation ability with common terrestrial fungi. Under oxic conditions, there was evidence that Ascomycota isolates produced cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes (associated with manganese peroxidase and sulfur-containing lignin peroxidase), while Mucoromycota isolates appeared to produce both lignin and cellulose-degrading extracellular enzymes, and all Basidiomycota isolates produced lignin-degrading enzymes (associated with laccase and lignin peroxidase). Under anoxic conditions, only three kelp endophytes degraded cellulose. We concluded that kelp fungal endophytes can contribute to cellulose degradation in both oxic and anoxic environments. Thus, endophytic kelp fungi may play a significant role in marine carbon cycling via polymeric organic matter degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita K. Perkins
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew L. Rose
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
- Southern Cross Geoscience, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz Institute for Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), Experimental Limnology, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Selva K. Barroso Prescott
- National Marine Science Centre, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Joanne M. Oakes
- Centre for Coastal Biogeochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW, Australia
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29
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Cao PR, Zheng YL, Zhao YQ, Wang XB, Zhang H, Zhang MH, Yang T, Gu YC, Yang MH, Kong LY. Beetleane A and Epicoane A: Two Carbon Skeletons Produced by Epicoccum nigrum. Org Lett 2021; 23:3274-3277. [PMID: 33881880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel natural products, beetleane A (1) and epicoane A (2), were obtained from the metabolites of an endophytic Epicoccum nigrum. Compound 1 has a unique beetlelike structure that is constructed by the fusion and further fold of an unusual [5.5.5.6]trioxafenestrane with a cycloheptane ring. Compound 2 possesses a compact cagelike structure with a unique 6/5/5/5/6/6/5 heptacyclic ring system. Both 1 and 2 showed strong antiliver fibrosis activity in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ran Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Lei Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Qin Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Hui Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Gu
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, United Kingdom
| | - Ming-Hua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Yi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Chang CC, Li CY, Tsai YH, El-Shazly M, Wei CK, Yang ZJ, Chen SL, Wu CC, Wu YC, Chang FR. Bioactive polyketides from the pathogenic fungus of Epicoccum sorghinum. PLANTA 2021; 253:116. [PMID: 33956231 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03635-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We discovered and identified a series of characteristic substances, including one new polyketide, epicorepoxydon B, of the important pathogenic fungus, Epicoccum sorghinum, of sorghum. The fungal extract and some isolated polyketides are sensitive to a malignant triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Sorghum (Kaoliang) grain is an important crop with high economic value and several applications. In Taiwan, sorghum has been used in the wine industry, and "Kinmen Kaoliang Liquor" is a well-known Asian brand. Fungal contamination is one of the major threats affecting the production of sorghum grain resulting in economic losses as well as human and animal health problems. Several fungal species can infect sorghum grain and generate some toxic secondary metabolites. Epicoccum sorghinum is one of the major fungal contaminants of sorghum grains and a potent producer of mycotoxins such as tenuazonic acid (TeA). However, except for TeA, few studies focused on chemical compounds produced by this fungus. To explore the potential biological and toxic effects of E. sorghinum, a chemical investigation was carried out on the ethyl acetate extract of the fungus because it showed cytotoxic activity against a triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231 (54.82% inhibition at 20 µg/mL). One new polyketide, epicorepoxydon B (1), along with six known compounds including 4,5-dihydroxy-6-(6'-methylsalicyloxy)-2-hydroxymethyl-2-cyclohexenl-one (2), epicorepoxydon A (3), 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (4), 6-methylsalicylic acid (5), gentisyl alcohol (6), and 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (7) were obtained, and their structures were established by the interpretation of their MS and NMR spectroscopic data. The cytotoxic activity of all isolated polyketides 1-7 was evaluated, and compounds 2, 6, and 7 exhibited potent activities against A549, HepG2, and MDA-MB-231 human cancer cell lines with IC50 value ranging from 1.86 to 18.31 μM. The structure-activity relationship of the isolated compounds was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Chia Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, 1985 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, 11566, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, The German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Zih-Jie Yang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan.
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31
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You N, Zhuo L, Zhou J, Song Y, Shi J. The Role of Intestinal Fungi and Its Metabolites in Chronic Liver Diseases. Gut Liver 2021; 14:291-296. [PMID: 31554391 PMCID: PMC7234879 DOI: 10.5009/gnl18579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies have confirmed that liver diseases are closely related to intestinal microorganisms; however, those studies have mainly concentrated on bacteria. Although the proportion of intestinal microorganisms accounted for by colonizing fungi is very small, these fungi do have a significant effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal microecosystem. In this paper, the characteristics of intestinal fungi in patients with chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cirrhosis are summarized, and the effects of intestinal fungi and their metabolites are analyzed and discussed. It is important to realize that not only bacteria but also intestinal fungi play important roles in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning You
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lili Zhuo
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Zhou
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Liver Diseases, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junping Shi
- Department of Liver Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
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32
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Fusarium solani G6, a novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus: characterization, yield improvement and osteoblastic proliferation activity. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1371-1383. [PMID: 33797653 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to characterize a novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus Fusarium solani G6 from Cajanus cajan, improve its capability for producing vitexin and evaluate its osteoblastic proliferation activity. A total of 153 endophytic fungi, classified into 6 genera, were isolated from C. cajan. Among them, only one strain, endophyte G6 identified as Fusarium solani, was found to produce vitexin. After the optimization of fermentation conditions, the highest vitexin yield (18.72 mg/L) for the strain was observed in PDB liquid medium containing 20.54 g/L of glucose and 8.90 g/L of ammonium sulfate, at an initial medium pH of 5.1 and at 28 °C for 6 days of cultivation. Moreover, the fungal vitexin exhibited notable osteoblastic proliferation stimulating activity. A novel vitexin-producing endophytic fungus F. solani G6 was characterized from C. cajan for the first time. The findings highlighted its potential use for large-scale production of vitexin and might have a promising use as therapeutic agent for osteoporosis.
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Celedón RS, Díaz LB. Natural Pigments of Bacterial Origin and Their Possible Biomedical Applications. Microorganisms 2021; 9:739. [PMID: 33916299 PMCID: PMC8066239 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are considered one of the most promising niches for prospecting, production, and application of bioactive compounds of biotechnological interest. Among them, bacteria offer certain distinctive advantages due to their short life cycle, their low sensitivity to seasonal and climatic changes, their easy scaling as well as their ability to produce pigments of various colors and shades. Natural pigments have attracted the attention of industry due to an increasing interest in the generation of new products harmless to humans and nature. This is because pigments of artificial origin used in industry can have various deleterious effects. On this basis, bacterial pigments promise to be an attractive niche of new biotechnological applications, from functional food production to the generation of new drugs and biomedical therapies. This review endeavors to establish the beneficial properties of several relevant pigments of bacterial origin and their relation to applications in the biomedical area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Salazar Celedón
- Laboratory of Molecular Applied Biology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile;
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Leticia Barrientos Díaz
- Laboratory of Molecular Applied Biology, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4810296, Chile;
- Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus (BIOREN), Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Abed RM. Exploring Fungal Biodiversity of Genus Epicoccum and Their Biotechnological Potential. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67561-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Alam B, Lǐ J, Gě Q, Khan MA, Gōng J, Mehmood S, Yuán Y, Gǒng W. Endophytic Fungi: From Symbiosis to Secondary Metabolite Communications or Vice Versa? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:791033. [PMID: 34975976 PMCID: PMC8718612 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.791033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi (EF) are a group of fascinating host-associated fungal communities that colonize the intercellular or intracellular spaces of host tissues, providing beneficial effects to their hosts while gaining advantages. In recent decades, accumulated research on endophytic fungi has revealed their biodiversity, wide-ranging ecological distribution, and multidimensional interactions with host plants and other microbiomes in the symbiotic continuum. In this review, we highlight the role of secondary metabolites (SMs) as effectors in these multidimensional interactions, and the biosynthesis of SMs in symbiosis via complex gene expression regulation mechanisms in the symbiotic continuum and via the mimicry or alteration of phytochemical production in host plants. Alternative biological applications of SMs in modern medicine, agriculture, and industry and their major classes are also discussed. This review recapitulates an introduction to the research background, progress, and prospects of endophytic biology, and discusses problems and substantive challenges that need further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beena Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Jùnwén Lǐ
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Qún Gě
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Mueen Alam Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding & Genetics, University College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Jǔwǔ Gōng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
| | - Shahid Mehmood
- Biotechnology Research Institute (BRI), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yǒulù Yuán
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- *Correspondence: Wànkuí Gǒng,
| | - Wànkuí Gǒng
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Key Laboratory of Biological and Genetic Breeding of Cotton, The Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China
- Yǒulù Yuán,
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Ogórek R, Przywara K, Piecuch A, Cal M, Lejman A, Matkowski K. Plant-Fungal Interactions: A Case Study of Epicoccoum nigrum Link. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121691. [PMID: 33271933 PMCID: PMC7760184 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epicoccum nigrum Link is a cosmopolitan species, and it has been described as both an in vitro and in vivo antagonist of many fungal pathogens of plants. However, there are no clear reports about the interactions between E. nigrum and various plant species, and about the effects of culture filtrates produced by this fungus on plants. Therefore, we assessed the interactions between E. nigrum and different plant species, such as sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris), spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). Additionally, we evaluated the effect of E. nigrum culture filtrates on garden cress (Lepidium sativum L.). Our study showed that the E. nigrum strains varied in terms of the color of excreted culture filtrates and showed different interactions with garden cress. Overall, fungal strains only affected adversely the sprout length in a significant way and, partially, the growth of the tested plant. In addition, we confirmed the suitability of the garden cress as a test plant in in vitro toxicological tests. Most strains of E. nigrum (61.1%) secreted enzymes expected to participate mainly in the later stages of the infection (amylases and proteases) and not those expected to operate in the early phases of host penetration (cellulases and pectinases) that were secreted by 33.3% of fungal strains. The group of pectinolytic enzymes represented the catalysts with the highest activity. Host specialization tests showed that E. nigrum was mainly re-isolated from the plant surface and the number of infected seedlings as well as the disease index depended on a studied plant species, with sugar beet and red clover being most sensitive to infection. In turn, the lowest value of the disease index caused by E. nigrum strains was recorded for spring wheat and winter oilseed rape. Overall, statistically significant differences in the growth of plant seedlings during the host specialization test were noted only for sugar beet and red clover seedlings. The seedlings of plants in the control group (without fungal inoculum) exhibited an increased length compared to those treated with E. nigrum inoculum. Our studies also showed that E. nigrum is probably a facultative saprotroph of plants and it may winter on red clover, which is presumably its main reservoirs, among the species considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6291; Fax: +48-71-325-2151
| | - Katarzyna Przywara
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Agata Piecuch
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego Street 63-77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland; (K.P.); (A.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Agnieszka Lejman
- Institute of Agroecology and Plant Production, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Matkowski
- Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzki Sq. 24A, 53-363 Wrocław, Poland;
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Epicoccum sorghinum: A promising biocatalyst for obtainment of (1R,2S,4R)-neodihydrocarveol by selective bioreduction of (4R)-(−)-carvone. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nicoletti R, Di Vaio C, Cirillo C. Endophytic Fungi of Olive Tree. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1321. [PMID: 32872625 PMCID: PMC7565531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to the general interest connected with investigations on biodiversity in natural contexts, more recently the scientific community has started considering occurrence of endophytic fungi in crops in the awareness of the fundamental role played by these microorganisms on plant growth and protection. Crops such as olive tree, whose management is more and more frequently based on the paradigm of sustainable agriculture, are particularly interested in the perspective of a possible applicative employment, considering that the multi-year crop cycle implies a likely higher impact of these symbiotic interactions. Aspects concerning occurrence and effects of endophytic fungi associated with olive tree (Olea europaea) are revised in the present paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Nicoletti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Claudio Di Vaio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
| | - Chiara Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, Italy;
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Harwoko H, Lee J, Hartmann R, Mándi A, Kurtán T, Müller WEG, Feldbrügge M, Kalscheuer R, Ancheeva E, Daletos G, Frank M, Liu Z, Proksch P. Azacoccones F-H, new flavipin-derived alkaloids from an endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum MK214079. Fitoterapia 2020; 146:104698. [PMID: 32745508 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Three new flavipin-derived alkaloids, azacoccones F-H (1-3), along with six known compounds (4-9) were isolated from the endophytic fungus Epicoccum nigrum MK214079 associated with leaves of Salix sp. The structures of the new compounds were established by analysis of their 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HRESIMS) data. The absolute configuration of azacoccones F-H (1-3) was determined by comparison of experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data with reported ones and biogenetic considerations. Epicocconigrone A (4), epipyrone A (5), and epicoccolide B (6) exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 25 to 50 μM. Furthermore, epipyrone A (5) and epicoccamide A (7) displayed mild antifungal activity against Ustilago maydis AB33 with MIC values of 1.6 and 1.8 mM, respectively. Epicorazine A (8) showed pronounced cytotoxicity against the L5178Y mouse lymphoma cell line with an IC50 value of 1.3 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harwoko Harwoko
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Jalan dr. Soeparno, Karangwangkal, 53123 Purwokerto, Indonesia
| | - Jungho Lee
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40204 Duesseldorf, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Rudolf Hartmann
- Institute of Complex Systems: Strukturbiochemie (ICS-6), Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen-Strasse, 52428 Juelich, Germany
| | - Attila Mándi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Kurtán
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Debrecen, PO Box 400, 4002 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Werner E G Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Feldbrügge
- Institute for Microbiology, Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, 40204 Duesseldorf, Germany; Bioeconomy Science Center (BioSC), c/o Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Juelich, Germany
| | - Rainer Kalscheuer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Elena Ancheeva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Georgios Daletos
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marian Frank
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Zhen Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Proksch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Heinrich Heine University, Universitaetsstrasse 1, Geb. 26.23, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Gupta P, Vakhlu J, Sharma YP, Imchen M, Kumavath R. Metagenomic insights into the fungal assemblages of the northwest Himalayan cold desert. Extremophiles 2020; 24:749-758. [PMID: 32705341 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Psychrophilic fungi are a critical biotic component in cold deserts that serves a central role in nutrient recycling and biogeochemical cycles. Despite their ecological significance, culture-independent studies on psychrophilic mycobiome are limited. In the present study, the fungal diversity patterns across the Drass, an Indian cold desert in the Himalaya, were indexed by targeted amplicon pyrosequencing (ITS). In the Drass dataset, Ascomycota was represented by 92 genera, while 22 genera represented Basidiomycota. The most abundant genus was Conocybe (20.46%). Most of the identified genera were reported in the literature to be prolific extracellular hydrolytic enzyme producers. To identify whether the Drass fungal assemblages share similarities to other cold deserts, these were further compared to Antarctic and Arctic cold deserts. Comparative analysis across the three cold deserts indicated the dominance of Dikarya (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota). The observed alpha diversity, Shannon index as well as Pielou's evenness was highest in the Antarctic followed by Drass and Arctic datasets. The genera Malassezia, Preussia, Pseudogymnoascus, Cadophora, Geopora, Monodictys, Tetracladium, Titaea, Mortierella, and Cladosporium were common to all the cold deserts. Furthermore, Conocybe was represented predominantly in Drass. Interestingly, the genus Conocybe has not been previously reported from any other studies on Antarctic or Arctic biomes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fungal metagenome study in Drass soil. Our analysis shows that despite the similarities of low temperature among the cold deserts, a significant differential abundance of fungal communities prevails in the global cold deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Gupta
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Jyoti Vakhlu
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Yash Pal Sharma
- Department of Botany, University of Jammu, Jammu, 180006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Madangchanok Imchen
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Periya, 671320, India
| | - Ranjith Kumavath
- Department of Genomic Science, Central University of Kerala, Tejaswini Hills, Kasaragod, Periya, 671320, India.
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Li CY, Chang CC, Tsai YH, El-Shazly M, Wu CC, Wang SW, Hwang TL, Wei CK, Hohmann J, Yang ZJ, Cheng YB, Wu YC, Chang FR. Anti-inflammatory, Antiplatelet Aggregation, and Antiangiogenesis Polyketides from Epicoccum sorghinum: Toward an Understating of Its Biological Activities and Potential Applications. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:11092-11099. [PMID: 32455230 PMCID: PMC7241018 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The ethyl acetate extract of an endophyte Epicoccum sorghinum exhibited anti-inflammatory activity at a concentration of <10 μg/mL. By bioassay-guided fractionation, one new compound, named epicorepoxydon A (1), and one unusual bioactive compound, 6-(hydroxymethyl)benzene-1,2,4-triol (6), together with six known compounds, were isolated from E. sorghinum. The structures of all isolates were established by spectroscopic analyses. The relative configuration of 1 was deduced by the NOESY spectrum and its absolute configuration was determined by X-ray single-crystal analysis. The biological activities of all isolates were evaluated using four types of bioassays including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet aggregation, and antiangiogenesis activities. Compounds 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory activity, compound 2 possessed potent antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis activities, and compound 6 demonstrated antiangiogenesis activity. This fungal species can cause a human hemorrhagic disorder known as onyalai. In this study, we identified the active components with antiplatelet aggregation and antiangiogenesis activities, which may be related to the hemorrhagic disorder caused by this fungus. Moreover, we proposed a biosynthetic pathway of the isolated polyketide secondary metabolites and investigated their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Our results suggested that E. sorghinum is a potent source of biologically active compounds that can be developed as antiplatelet aggregation and anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Ying Li
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chia Chang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams
University, Organization of African Unity Street, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Chin-Chung Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Department
of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research
Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic
Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College
of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University
of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department
of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kei Wei
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Judit Hohmann
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary
Centre for Natural Products, University
of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zih-Jie Yang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate
Institute of Integrated Medicine, China
Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate
Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung
Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical
University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National
Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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Blacutt A, Ginnan N, Dang T, Bodaghi S, Vidalakis G, Ruegger P, Peacock B, Viravathana P, Vieira FC, Drozd C, Jablonska B, Borneman J, McCollum G, Cordoza J, Meloch J, Berry V, Salazar LL, Maloney KN, Rolshausen PE, Roper MC. An In Vitro Pipeline for Screening and Selection of Citrus-Associated Microbiota with Potential Anti-" Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" Properties. Appl Environ Microbiol 2020; 86:e02883-19. [PMID: 32086307 PMCID: PMC7117939 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02883-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huanglongbing (HLB) is a destructive citrus disease that is lethal to all commercial citrus plants, making it the most serious citrus disease and one of the most serious plant diseases. Because of the severity of HLB and the paucity of effective control measures, we structured this study to encompass the entirety of the citrus microbiome and the chemistries associated with that microbial community. We describe the spatial niche diversity of bacteria and fungi associated with citrus roots, stems, and leaves using traditional microbial culturing integrated with culture-independent methods. Using the culturable sector of the citrus microbiome, we created a microbial repository using a high-throughput bulk culturing and microbial identification pipeline. We integrated an in vitro agar diffusion inhibition bioassay into our culturing pipeline that queried the repository for antimicrobial activity against Liberibacter crescens, a culturable surrogate for the nonculturable "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus" bacterium associated with HLB. We identified microbes with robust inhibitory activity against L. crescens that include the fungi Cladosporium cladosporioides and Epicoccum nigrum and bacterial species of Pantoea, Bacillus, and Curtobacterium Purified bioactive natural products with anti-"Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" activity were identified from the fungus C. cladosporioides Bioassay-guided fractionation of an organic extract of C. cladosporioides yielded the natural products cladosporols A, C, and D as the active agents against L. crescens This work serves as a foundation for unraveling the complex chemistries associated with the citrus microbiome to begin to understand the functional roles of members of the microbiome, with the long-term goal of developing anti-"Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" bioinoculants that thrive in the citrus holosystem.IMPORTANCE Globally, citrus is threatened by huanglongbing (HLB), and the lack of effective control measures is a major concern of farmers, markets, and consumers. There is compelling evidence that plant health is a function of the activities of the plant's associated microbiome. Using Liberibacter crescens, a culturable surrogate for the unculturable HLB-associated bacterium "Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus," we tested the hypothesis that members of the citrus microbiome produce potential anti-"Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" natural products with potential anti-"Ca Liberibacter asiaticus" activity. A subset of isolates obtained from the microbiome inhibited L. crescens growth in an agar diffusion inhibition assay. Further fractionation experiments linked the inhibitory activity of the fungus Cladosporium cladosporioides to the fungus-produced natural products cladosporols A, C, and D, demonstrating dose-dependent antagonism to L. crescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Blacutt
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Nichole Ginnan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Tyler Dang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Sohrab Bodaghi
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Georgios Vidalakis
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Paul Ruegger
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Beth Peacock
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Polrit Viravathana
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Flavia Campos Vieira
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Christopher Drozd
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Barbara Jablonska
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - James Borneman
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Greg McCollum
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Victoria Berry
- Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | - Philippe E Rolshausen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
| | - M Caroline Roper
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
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Agricultural and Other Biotechnological Applications Resulting from Trophic Plant-Endophyte Interactions. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy9120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Endophytic microbiota plays a role not only in supplying plants with the basic nutrients indispensable for their growth, but also helps them in the mechanisms of adaptation to various environmental stresses (i.e., salinity, drought), which is important in the aspect of crop yields. From the agricultural and biotechnological points of view, the knowledge of endophytes and their roles in increasing crop yields, plant resistance to diseases, and helping to survive environmental stress is extremely desirable. This paper reviews some of the beneficial plant–microbe interactions that might be potentially used in both agriculture (plant growth stimulation effect, adaptation of host organisms in salinity and drought conditions, and support of defense mechanisms in plants), and in biotechnology (bioactive metabolites, application of endophytes for bioremediation and biotransformation processes, and production of biofertilizers and biopreparations). Importantly, relatively recent reports on endophytes from the last 10 years are summarized in this paper.
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