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Bałdysz S, Nawrot R, Barylski J. "Tear down that wall"-a critical evaluation of bioinformatic resources available for lysin researchers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024:e0236123. [PMID: 38842338 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02361-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Lytic enzymes, or lysins for short, break down peptidoglycan and interrupt the continuity of the cell wall, which, in turn, causes osmotic lysis of the bacterium. Their ability to destroy bacteria from without makes them promising antimicrobial agents that can be used as alternatives or supplements to antibiotics. In this paper, we briefly summarize basic terms and concepts used to describe lysin sequences and delineate major lysin groups. More importantly, we describe the domain repertoire found in lysins and critically review bioinformatic tools or databases which are used in studies of these enzymes (with particular emphasis on the repositories of Hidden Markov models). Finally, we present a novel comprehensive, meticulously curated set of lysin-related family and domain models, sort them into clusters that reflect major families, and demonstrate that the selected models can be used to efficiently search for new lysins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Bałdysz
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Robert Nawrot
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Jakub Barylski
- Department of Molecular Virology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
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2
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Gontijo M, Pereira Teles M, Martins Correia H, Pérez Jorge G, Rodrigues Santos Goes IC, Fasabi Flores AJ, Braz M, de Moraes Ceseti L, Zonzini Ramos P, Rosa e Silva I, Pereira Vidigal PM, Kobarg J, Miguez Couñago R, Alvarez-Martinez CE, Pereira C, Freire CSR, Almeida A, Brocchi M. Combined effect of SAR-endolysin LysKpV475 with polymyxin B and Salmonella bacteriophage phSE-5. MICROBIOLOGY (READING, ENGLAND) 2024; 170:001462. [PMID: 38739436 PMCID: PMC11170124 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Endolysins are bacteriophage (or phage)-encoded enzymes that catalyse the peptidoglycan breakdown in the bacterial cell wall. The exogenous action of recombinant phage endolysins against Gram-positive organisms has been extensively studied. However, the outer membrane acts as a physical barrier when considering the use of recombinant endolysins to combat Gram-negative bacteria. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the SAR-endolysin LysKpV475 against Gram-negative bacteria as single or combined therapies, using an outer membrane permeabilizer (polymyxin B) and a phage, free or immobilized in a pullulan matrix. In the first step, the endolysin LysKpV475 in solution, alone and combined with polymyxin B, was tested in vitro and in vivo against ten Gram-negative bacteria, including highly virulent strains and multidrug-resistant isolates. In the second step, the lyophilized LysKpV475 endolysin was combined with the phage phSE-5 and investigated, free or immobilized in a pullulan matrix, against Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311. The bacteriostatic action of purified LysKpV475 varied between 8.125 μg ml-1 against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, 16.25 μg ml-1 against S. enterica Typhimurium ATCC 13311, and 32.50 μg ml-1 against Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 and Enterobacter cloacae P2224. LysKpV475 showed bactericidal activity only for P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (32.50 μg ml-1) and P. aeruginosa P2307 (65.00 μg ml-1) at the tested concentrations. The effect of the LysKpV475 combined with polymyxin B increased against K. pneumoniae ATCC BAA-2146 [fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) 0.34; a value lower than 1.0 indicates an additive/combined effect] and S. enterica Typhimurium ATCC 13311 (FICI 0.93). A synergistic effect against S. enterica Typhimurium was also observed when the lyophilized LysKpV475 at ⅔ MIC was combined with the phage phSE-5 (m.o.i. of 100). The lyophilized LysKpV475 immobilized in a pullulan matrix maintained a significant Salmonella reduction of 2 logs after 6 h of treatment. These results demonstrate the potential of SAR-endolysins, alone or in combination with other treatments, in the free form or immobilized in solid matrices, which paves the way for their application in different areas, such as in biocontrol at the food processing stage, biosanitation of food contact surfaces and biopreservation of processed food in active food packing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Gontijo
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Mateus Pereira Teles
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Martins Correia
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Genesy Pérez Jorge
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
- Research Group Statistics and Mathematical Modeling Applied to Educational Quality (GEMMA), University of Sucre, Sincelejo, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Isabella Carolina Rodrigues Santos Goes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Anthony Jhoao Fasabi Flores
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Márcia Braz
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucas de Moraes Ceseti
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Priscila Zonzini Ramos
- Centro de Química Medicinal, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ivan Rosa e Silva
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio), Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Jörg Kobarg
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-871, Brazil
| | - Rafael Miguez Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Cristina Elisa Alvarez-Martinez
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Carla Pereira
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carmen S. R. Freire
- CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Adelaide Almeida
- Department of Biology, and Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
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Yamashita W, Ojima S, Tamura A, Azam AH, Kondo K, Yuancheng Z, Cui L, Shintani M, Suzuki M, Takahashi Y, Watashi K, Tsuneda S, Kiga K. Harnessing a T1 Phage-Derived Spanin for Developing Phage-Based Antimicrobial Development. BIODESIGN RESEARCH 2024; 6:0028. [PMID: 38516182 PMCID: PMC10954549 DOI: 10.34133/bdr.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The global increase in the prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria has necessitated the development of alternative treatments that do not rely on conventional antimicrobial agents. Using bacteriophage-derived lytic enzymes in antibacterial therapy shows promise; however, a thorough comparison and evaluation of their bactericidal efficacy are lacking. This study aimed to compare and investigate the bactericidal activity and spectrum of such lytic enzymes, with the goal of harnessing them for antibacterial therapy. First, we examined the bactericidal activity of spanins, endolysins, and holins derived from 2 Escherichia coli model phages, T1 and T7. Among these, T1-spanin exhibited the highest bactericidal activity against E. coli. Subsequently, we expressed T1-spanin within bacterial cells and assessed its bactericidal activity. T1-spanin showed potent bactericidal activity against all clinical isolates tested, including bacterial strains of 111 E. coli, 2 Acinetobacter spp., 3 Klebsiella spp., and 3 Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In contrast, T1 phage-derived endolysin showed bactericidal activity against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, yet its efficacy against other bacteria was inferior to that of T1-spanin. Finally, we developed a phage-based technology to introduce the T1-spanin gene into target bacteria. The synthesized non-proliferative phage exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the targeted bacteria. The potent bactericidal activity exhibited by spanins, combined with the novel phage synthetic technology, holds promise for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wakana Yamashita
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience,
Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Ojima
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Azumi Tamura
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, The Institute of Medical Science,
The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Aa Haeruman Azam
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kohei Kondo
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Zhang Yuancheng
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine,
Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine,
Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masaki Shintani
- Department of Engineering,
Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, 3-5-1 Johoku, Naka-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 432-8561, Japan
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takahashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience,
Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tsuneda
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience,
Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Phage Therapy Institute,
Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development,
National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine,
Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
- Phage Therapy Institute,
Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
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Nazir A, Li L, Li F, Tong Y, Liu Y, Chen Y. Characterization, taxonomic classification, and genomic analysis of two newly isolated bacteriophages with potential to infect Escherichia coli. Microbiol Spectr 2024:e0223023. [PMID: 38376266 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02230-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that is widely distributed and can lead to serious illnesses in both humans and animals. As there is rising incidence of multidrug resistance among these bacteria, it has become imperative to discover alternative therapies beyond antibiotics to effectively treat such infections. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy has the potential to treat infections caused by E. coli, as phages contain enzymes that can cause lysis or destruction of bacterial cells. Simultaneously, the easy accessibility and cost-effectiveness of next-generation sequencing technologies have led to the accumulation of a vast amount of phage sequence data. Here, phages IME177 and IME267 were isolated from sewage water of a hospital in China. Modern phylogenetic approaches and key findings from the genomic analysis revealed that phages IME177 and IME267 are classified as members of the Kayfunavirus genus, Autographiviridae family, and a newly proposed Suseptimavirus genus under subfamily Gordonclarkvirinae, respectively. Further, the Kuravirus genus reshaped into three different genera: Kuravirus, Nieuwekanaalvirus, and Suspeptimavirus, which are classified together under a higher taxonomic rank (subfamily) named Gordonclarkvirinae. No genes related to virulence were detected in the genomes of the phages IME177 and IME267. Both phages exhibited a high degree of resilience to a wide range of conditions, including pH, temperature, exposure to chloroform, and UV radiation. Phages IME177 and IME267 are promising biological agents that can infect E. coli, making them suitable candidates for use in phage therapies.IMPORTANCEBiological and taxonomic characterization of phages is essential for facilitating the development of effective strategies for phage therapy and disease control. Escherichia coli phages are incredibly diverse, and their isolation and classification help us understand the scope and nature of this diversity. By identifying new phages and grouping them into families, we can better understand the genetic and structural variations between phages and how they affect their infectivity and interactions with bacteria. Overall, the isolation and classification of E. coli phages have broad implications for both basic and applied research, clinical practice, and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
| | - Fei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Tong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics of MARA, China-UK Joint Laboratory of Bacteriophage Engineering, Jinan, China
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Li P, Shen M, Ma W, Zhou X, Shen J. LysZX4-NCA, a new endolysin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity for topical treatment. Virus Res 2024; 340:199296. [PMID: 38065302 PMCID: PMC10755502 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/01/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of multidrug-resistant highly virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-hvKP) requires the development of new therapeutic agents. Herein, a novel lytic phage vB_KpnS_ZX4 against MDR-hvKP was discovered in hospital sewage. Phage vB_KpnS_ZX4 had a short latent period (5 min) and a large burst size (230 PFU/cell). It can rapidly reduce the number of bacteria in vitro and improve survival rates of bacteremic mice in vivo from 0 to 80 % with a single injection of 108 PFU. LysZX4, an endolysin derived from vB_KpnS_ZX4, exhibits potent antimicrobial activity in vitro in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The antimicrobial activity of LysZX4 was further enhanced by the fusion of KWKLFKI residues from cecropin A (LysZX4-NCA). In vitro antibacterial experiments showed that LysZX4-NCA exerts broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against clinical Gram-negative bacteria, including MDR-hvKP. Moreover, in the mouse model of MDR-hvKP skin infection, treatment with LysZX4-NCA resulted in a three-log reduction in bacterial burden on the skin compared to the control group. Therefore, the novel phages vB_KpnS_ZX4 and LysZX4-NCA are effective reagents for the treatment of systemic and local MDR-hvKP infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Mangmang Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Comparative Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China.
| | - Jiayin Shen
- The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518112, PR China.
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Oliveira A, Dias C, Oliveira R, Almeida C, Fuciños P, Sillankorva S, Oliveira H. Paving the way forward: Escherichia coli bacteriophages in a One Health approach. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:87-104. [PMID: 36608263 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most notorious pathogens for its ability to adapt, colonize, and proliferate in different habitats through a multitude of acquired virulence factors. Its presence affects the food-processing industry and causes food poisoning, being also a major economic burden for the food, agriculture, and health sectors. Bacteriophages are emerging as an appealing strategy to mitigate bacterial pathogens, including specific E. coli pathovars, without exerting a deleterious effect on humans and animals. This review globally analyzes the applied research on E. coli phages for veterinary, food, and human use. It starts by describing the pathogenic E. coli pathotypes and their relevance in human and animal context. The idea that phages can be used as a One Health approach to control and interrupt the transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli is sustained through an exhaustive revision of the recent literature. The emerging phage formulations, genetic engineering and encapsulation technologies are also discussed as a means of improving phage-based control strategies, with a particular focus on E. coli pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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7
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Patel MH, Lu SY, Liu S, Skory CD. Novel endolysin LysMP for control of Limosilactobacillus fermentum contamination in small-scale corn mash fermentation. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:144. [PMID: 37775769 PMCID: PMC10541714 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02400-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional bioethanol fermentation industries are not operated under strict sterile conditions and are prone to microbial contamination. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are often pervasive in fermentation tanks, competing for nutrients and producing inhibitory acids that have a negative impact on ethanol-producing yeast, resulting in decreased yields and stuck fermentations. Antibiotics are frequently used to combat contamination, but antibiotic stewardship has resulted in a shift to alternative antimicrobials. RESULTS We demonstrate that endolysin LysMP, a bacteriophage-encoded peptidoglycan hydrolase, is an effective method for controlling growth of LAB. The LysMP gene was synthesized based on the prophage sequence in the genome of Limosilactobacillus fermentum KGL7. Analysis of the recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli and purified by immobilized metal chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC) showed an optimal lysis activity against various LAB species at pH 6, with stability from pH 4 to 8 and from 20 to 40 °C up to 48 h. Moreover, it retains more than 80% of its activity at 10% ethanol (v/v) for up to 48 h. When LysMP was added at 250 µg/mL to yeast corn mash fermentations containing L. fermentum, it reduced bacterial load by at least 4-log fold compared to the untreated controls and prevented stuck fermentation. In comparison, untreated controls with contamination increased from an initial bacterial load of 1.50 × 107 CFU/mL to 2.25 × 109 CFU/mL and 1.89 × 109 CFU/mL after 24 h and 48 h, respectively. Glucose in the treated samples was fully utilized, while untreated controls with contamination had more than 4% (w/v) remaining at 48 h. Furthermore, there was at least a fivefold reduction in lactic acid (0.085 M untreated contamination controls compared to 0.016 M treated), and a fourfold reduction in acetic acid (0.027 M untreated contamination controls vs. 0.007 M treated), when LysMP was used to treat contaminated corn mash fermentations. Most importantly, final ethanol yields increased from 6.3% (w/v) in untreated contamination samples to 9.3% (w/v) in treated contamination samples, an approximate 50% increase to levels comparable to uncontaminated controls 9.3% (w/v). CONCLUSION LysMP could be a good alternative to replace antibiotics for mitigation of LAB contamination in biofuel refineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik H Patel
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Shao-Yeh Lu
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604-3902, USA.
| | - Siqing Liu
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604-3902, USA
| | - Christopher D Skory
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Renewable Product Technology Research Unit, 1815 N. University St, Peoria, IL, 61604-3902, USA
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8
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Hoopes JT, Heselpoth RD, Schwarz FP, Nelson DC. Thermal Characterization and Interaction of the Subunits from the Multimeric Bacteriophage Endolysin PlyC. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1277. [PMID: 37886987 PMCID: PMC10604209 DOI: 10.3390/biology12101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Bacteriophage endolysins degrade the bacterial peptidoglycan and are considered enzymatic alternatives to small-molecule antibiotics. In particular, the multimeric streptococcal endolysin PlyC has appealing antibacterial properties. However, a comprehensive thermal analysis of PlyC is lacking, which is necessary for evaluating its long-term stability and downstream therapeutic potential. Biochemical and kinetic-based methods were used in combination with differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the structural, kinetic, and thermodynamic stability of PlyC and its various subunits and domains. The PlyC holoenzyme structure is irreversibly compromised due to partial unfolding and aggregation at 46 °C. Unfolding of the catalytic subunit, PlyCA, instigates this event, resulting in the kinetic inactivation of the endolysin. In contrast to PlyCA, the PlyCB octamer (the cell wall-binding domain) is thermostable, denaturing at ~75 °C. The isolation of PlyCA or PlyCB alone altered their thermal properties. Contrary to the holoenzyme, PlyCA alone unfolds uncooperatively and is thermodynamically destabilized, whereas the PlyCB octamer reversibly dissociates into monomers and forms an intermediate state at 74 °C in phosphate-buffered saline with each subunit subsequently denaturing at 92 °C. Adding folded PlyCA to an intermediate state PlyCB, followed by cooling, allowed for in vitro reconstitution of the active holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Todd Hoopes
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.T.H.); (R.D.H.)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Ryan D. Heselpoth
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.T.H.); (R.D.H.)
| | - Frederick P. Schwarz
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.T.H.); (R.D.H.)
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Daniel C. Nelson
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, University of Maryland, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; (J.T.H.); (R.D.H.)
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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9
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Nazir A, Xu X, Liu Y, Chen Y. Phage Endolysins: Advances in the World of Food Safety. Cells 2023; 12:2169. [PMID: 37681901 PMCID: PMC10486871 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As antimicrobial resistance continues to escalate, the exploration of alternative approaches to safeguard food safety becomes more crucial than ever. Phage endolysins are enzymes derived from phages that possess the ability to break down bacterial cell walls. They have emerged as promising antibacterial agents suitable for integration into food processing systems. Their application as food preservatives can effectively regulate pathogens, thus contributing to an overall improvement in food safety. This review summarizes the latest techniques considering endolysins' potential for food safety. These techniques include native and engineered endolysins for controlling bacterial contamination at different points within the food production chain. However, we find that characterizing endolysins through in vitro methods proves to be time consuming and resource intensive. Alternatively, the emergence of advanced high-throughput sequencing technology necessitates the creation of a robust computational framework to efficiently characterize recently identified endolysins, paving the way for future research. Machine learning encompasses potent tools capable of analyzing intricate datasets and pattern recognition. This study briefly reviewed the use of these industry 4.0 technologies for advancing the research in food industry. We aimed to provide current status of endolysins in food industry and new insights by implementing these industry 4.0 strategies revolutionizes endolysin development. It will enhance food safety, customization, efficiency, transparency, and collaboration while reducing regulatory hurdles and ensuring timely product availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazir
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yuqing Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yibao Chen
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (A.N.); (X.X.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-Omics of MARA, Jinan 250100, China
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10
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Usvaliev AD, Belogurova NG, Pokholok KV, Finko AV, Prusov AN, Golovin DY, Miroshnikov KA, Golovin YI, Klyachko NL. E. coli Cell Lysis Induced by Lys394 Enzyme Assisted by Magnetic Nanoparticles Exposed to Non-Heating Low-Frequency Magnetic Field. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1871. [PMID: 37514057 PMCID: PMC10384812 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The spreading of microbial pathogens with more and more resistance to traditional low-molecular antibiotic agents demands new approaches to antibacterial therapy. The employment of bacteriophage enzymes capable of breaking bacterial cell walls has attracted much interest within this context. The specific features of the morphology of Gram-negative bacteria prevent the effective direct usage of lytic enzymes and require assistance from additional helpers to facilitate cell lysis. The current work is devoted to the study of boosting the lysis of Escherichia coli (E. coli) JM 109 and MH 1 strains induced by Lys394 bacteriophage endolysin by means of rod-like (56 × 13 nm) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) activated by a non-heating low-frequency magnetic field (LF MF) with a frequency of 50 Hz and a flux density of 68.5 mT in a pulse-pause mode (1 s on and 0.3 s off). According to theoretical assumptions, the mechanism of MNP assistance is presumably based upon the disordering of the outer membrane that facilitates enzyme permeation into peptidoglycans to its substrate. It is found that the effect of the LF MF reaches an almost a twofold acceleration of the enzyme reaction, resulting in almost 80 and 70%, respectively, of lysed E. coli JM 109 and MH 1 cells in 21 min. An increase in the membrane permeability was proven by two independent experiments employing β-lactamase periplasmic enzyme leakage and Nile Red (NR) hydrophobic dye fluorescence. It is shown that the outer membrane disordering of E. coli caused by exposure to LF MF nanoparticle movement leads to almost complete (more than 80%) β-lactamase release out of the cells' periplasm to the buffer suspension. Experiments with NR (displaying fluorescence in a non-polar medium only) reveal a drastic reduction in NR fluorescence intensity, reaching a change of an order of magnitude when exposed to LF MF. The data obtained provide evidence of changes in the bacterial cell wall structure. The result shown open up the prospects of non-heating LF MF application in enhancing enzyme activity against Gram-negative pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizbek D Usvaliev
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | | | | | - Alexander V Finko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Andrey N Prusov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia
| | - Dmitry Yu Golovin
- Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russia
| | - Konstantin A Miroshnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri I Golovin
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies, G.R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Tambov 392000, Russia
| | - Natalia L Klyachko
- School of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
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11
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Duan XC, Li XX, Li XM, Wang S, Zhang FQ, Qian P. Exploiting Broad-Spectrum Chimeric Lysin to Cooperate with Mupirocin against Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Skin Infections and Delay the Development of Mupirocin Resistance. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0505022. [PMID: 37125939 PMCID: PMC10269905 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05050-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus often leads to severe skin infections. However, S. aureus is facing a crisis of antibiotic resistance. The combination of phage and antibiotics is effective for drug-resistant S. aureus infections. Therefore, it is worth exploiting novel antibacterial agents to cooperate with antibiotics against S. aureus infections. Herein, a novel chimeric lysin ClyQ was constructed, which was composed of a cysteine- and histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase (CHAP) catalytic domain from S. aureus phage lysin LysGH15 and cell wall-binding domain (CBD) from Enterococcus faecalis phage lysin PlyV12. ClyQ had an exceptionally broad host range targeting streptococci, staphylococci, E. faecalis, and E. rhusiopathiae. ClyQ combined with mupirocin (2.64 log reduction) was more effective at treating S. aureus skin infections than ClyQ (0.46 log reduction) and mupirocin (2.23 log reduction) alone. Of equal importance, none of S. aureus ATCC 29213 or S3 exposed to ClyQ developed resistance, and the combination of ClyQ and mupirocin delayed the development of mupirocin resistance. Collectively, chimeric lysin ClyQ enriches the reservoirs for treating S. aureus infections. Our findings may provide a way to alleviate the current antibiotic resistance crisis. IMPORTANCE Staphylococcus aureus, as an Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species (ESKAPE) pathogen, can escape the elimination of existing antibiotics. At present, phages and phage lysins against S. aureus infections are considered alternative antibacterial agents. However, the development of broad-spectrum chimeric phage lysins to cooperate with antibiotics against S. aureus infections remains at its initial stage. In this study, we found that the broad-host-range chimeric lysin ClyQ can synergize with mupirocin to treat S. aureus skin infections. Furthermore, the development of S. aureus resistance to mupirocin is delayed by the combination of ClyQ and mupirocin in vitro. Our results bring research attention toward the development of chimeric lysin that cooperates with antibiotics to overcome bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-chao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin-xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang-min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen-qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
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12
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Liu H, Hu Z, Li M, Yang Y, Lu S, Rao X. Therapeutic potential of bacteriophage endolysins for infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. J Biomed Sci 2023; 30:29. [PMID: 37101261 PMCID: PMC10131408 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-023-00919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive (G+) bacterial infection is a great burden to both healthcare and community medical resources. As a result of the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant G+ bacteria such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), novel antimicrobial agents must urgently be developed for the treatment of infections caused by G+ bacteria. Endolysins are bacteriophage (phage)-encoded enzymes that can specifically hydrolyze the bacterial cell wall and quickly kill bacteria. Bacterial resistance to endolysins is low. Therefore, endolysins are considered promising alternatives for solving the mounting resistance problem. In this review, endolysins derived from phages targeting G+ bacteria were classified based on their structural characteristics. The active mechanisms, efficacy, and advantages of endolysins as antibacterial drug candidates were summarized. Moreover, the remarkable potential of phage endolysins in the treatment of G+ bacterial infections was described. In addition, the safety of endolysins, challenges, and possible solutions were addressed. Notwithstanding the limitations of endolysins, the trends in development indicate that endolysin-based drugs will be approved in the near future. Overall, this review presents crucial information of the current progress involving endolysins as potential therapeutic agents, and it provides a guideline for biomaterial researchers who are devoting themselves to fighting against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Liu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shuguang Lu
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering Under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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13
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Park JM, Ko DS, Kim HS, Kim NH, Kim EK, Roh YH, Kim D, Kim JH, Choi KS, Kwon HJ. Rapid Screening and Comparison of Chimeric Lysins for Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus Strains. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12040667. [PMID: 37107029 PMCID: PMC10135017 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12040667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric lysins composed of various combinations of cell wall-lysing (enzymatic) and cell-wall-binding (CWB) domains of endolysins, autolysins, and bacteriocins have been developed as alternatives to or adjuvants of conventional antibiotics. The screening of multiple chimeric lysin candidates for activity via E. coli expression is not cost effective, and we previously reported on a simple cell-free expression system as an alternative. In this study, we sufficiently improved upon this cell-free expression system for use in screening activity via a turbidity reduction test, which is more appropriate than a colony reduction test when applied in multiple screening. Using the improved protocol, we screened and compared the antibacterial activity of chimeric lysin candidates and verified the relatively strong activity associated with the CHAP (cysteine, histidine-dependent amidohydrolase/peptidase) domain of secretory antigen SsaA-like protein (ALS2). ALS2 expressed in E. coli showed two major bands, and the smaller one (subprotein) was shown to be expressed by an innate downstream promoter and start codon (ATG). The introduction of synonymous mutations in the promoter resulted in clearly reduced expression of the subprotein, whereas missense mutations in the start codon abolished antibacterial activity as well as subprotein production. Interestingly, most of the S. aureus strains responsible for bovine mastitis were susceptible to ALS2, but those from human and chicken were less susceptible. Thus, the simple and rapid screening method can be applied to select functional chimeric lysins and define mutations affecting antibacterial activity, and ALS2 may be useful in itself and as a lead molecule to control bovine mastitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mi Park
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Sung Ko
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Kim
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyung Kim
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hye Roh
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun 25354, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Seuk Choi
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-S.C.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1266 (K.-S.C. & H.-J.K.)
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Laboratory of Poultry Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, BK21 for Veterinary Science, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (K.-S.C.); (H.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-1266 (K.-S.C. & H.-J.K.)
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14
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Influence of NaCl and pH on lysostaphin catalytic activity, cell binding, and bacteriolytic activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:6519-6534. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12173-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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15
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Heselpoth RD, Euler CW, Fischetti VA. PaP1, a Broad-Spectrum Lysin-Derived Cationic Peptide to Treat Polymicrobial Skin Infections. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:817228. [PMID: 35369520 PMCID: PMC8965563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.817228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most skin infections, including those complicating burns, are polymicrobial involving multiple causative bacteria. Add to this the fact that many of these organisms may be antibiotic-resistant, and a simple skin lesion or burn could soon become life-threatening. Membrane-acting cationic peptides from Gram-negative bacteriophage lysins can potentially aid in addressing the urgent need for alternative therapeutics. Such peptides natively constitute an amphipathic region within the structural composition of these lysins and function to permit outer membrane permeabilization in Gram-negative bacteria when added externally. This consequently allows the lysin to access and degrade the peptidoglycan substrate, resulting in rapid hypotonic lysis and bacterial death. When separated from the lysin, some of these cationic peptides kill sensitive bacteria more effectively than the native molecule via both outer and cytoplasmic membrane disruption. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial properties of a modified cationic peptide from the broad-acting lysin PlyPa01. The peptide, termed PaP1, exhibited potent in vitro bactericidal activity toward numerous high priority Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, including all the antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Both planktonic and biofilm-state bacteria were sensitive to the peptide, and results from time-kill assays revealed PaP1 kills bacteria on contact. The peptide was bactericidal over a wide temperature and pH range and could withstand autoclaving without loss of activity. However, high salt concentrations and complex matrices were found to be largely inhibitory, limiting its use to topical applications. Importantly, unlike other membrane-acting antimicrobials, PaP1 lacked cytotoxicity toward human cells. Results from a murine burn wound infection model using methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa validated the in vivo antibacterial efficacy of PaP1. In these studies, the peptide enhanced the potency of topical antibiotics used clinically for treating chronic wound infections. Despite the necessity for additional preclinical drug development, the collective data from our study support PaP1 as a potential broad-spectrum monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for the topical treatment of polymicrobial infections and provide a foundation for engineering future lysin-derived peptides with improved antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Heselpoth
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan D. Heselpoth,
| | - Chad W. Euler
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Hunter College, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Vincent A. Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
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