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Hintz EA, Applequist J. "Saving us to Death": Ideology and Communicative (Dis)enfranchisement in Misapplications of the 2016 CDC Opioid Prescribing Guidelines. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38862411 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2363674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Guided by the theory of communicative (dis)enfranchisement (TCD), this study interrogates how interactions in which chronic pain patients are force tapered from their prescribed opioids are constrained and afforded by the hegemonic ideologies. To interrogate the harms caused for chronic pain patients by ideological policies enacted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and assess what communicative mechanisms reify and resist such ideologies, this research analyzes 238 posts authored by chronic pain patient Reddit users. Reflexive thematic analysis illuminated a hegemonic ideology of opiophobia, (im)material ramifications of (a) discrimination by doctors, and (b) political and legal interference; mechanisms of reification: (a) positioning suicide as a rational option, (b) advocating for the use of illicit substances, and (c) stopping opioids voluntarily; and mechanisms of resistance: (a) counter-organizing and (b) counter-generating knowledge. We offer theoretical implications for the TCD and practical implications for patients, providers, patient advocacy organizations, and policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janelle Applequist
- Zimmerman School of Advertising and Mass Communications, University of South Florida
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2
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Tessier MH, Mazet JP, Gagner E, Marcoux A, Jackson PL. Facial representations of complex affective states combining pain and a negative emotion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11686. [PMID: 38777852 PMCID: PMC11111784 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62423-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pain is rarely communicated alone, as it is often accompanied by emotions such as anger or sadness. Communicating these affective states involves shared representations. However, how an individual conceptually represents these combined states must first be tested. The objective of this study was to measure the interaction between pain and negative emotions on two types of facial representations of these states, namely visual (i.e., interactive virtual agents; VAs) and sensorimotor (i.e., one's production of facial configurations). Twenty-eight participants (15 women) read short written scenarios involving only pain or a combined experience of pain and a negative emotion (anger, disgust, fear, or sadness). They produced facial configurations representing these experiences on the faces of the VAs and on their face (own production or imitation of VAs). The results suggest that affective states related to a direct threat to the body (i.e., anger, disgust, and pain) share a similar facial representation, while those that present no immediate danger (i.e., fear and sadness) differ. Although visual and sensorimotor representations of these states provide congruent affective information, they are differently influenced by factors associated with the communication cycle. These findings contribute to our understanding of pain communication in different affective contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Hélène Tessier
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec City, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Mazet
- Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Elliot Gagner
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec City, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Canada
| | - Audrey Marcoux
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec City, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Canada
| | - Philip L Jackson
- School of Psychology, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Québec City, Canada.
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Québec City, Canada.
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Hintz EA. "It's All in Your Head": A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Research About Disenfranchising Talk Experienced by Female Patients with Chronic Overlapping Pain Conditions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2501-2515. [PMID: 35694781 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2081046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between female patients with chronic pain and their medical providers in which providers question or contest the "realness" or nature of their illness experience (e.g. "It's all in your head") have been reported extensively in the extant qualitative literature, particularly for poorly understood ("contested") chronic pain syndromes. Many terms have been offered to describe this talk (e.g. invalidating, dismissive), resulting in conceptual fragmentation and isolated silos of research which together report about one communicative phenomenon. To rectify this fragmentation, the present study offers a meta-synthesis which explores, analyzes, and integrates the findings of 82 qualitative interview studies representing the patient-provider communication experiences of 2,434 female patients living with one or more of 10 chronic overlapping pain conditions (COPCs). COPCs are costly, gendered, and poorly understood. From the meta-synthesis, three key concepts are identified: (1) Functions of disenfranchising talk: Discrediting, silencing, and stereotyping; (2) Effects of disenfranchising talk: Harmed agency, credibility; access to care, support, and resources; and perception of patient-provider relationship; and (3) Responses to disenfranchising talk: Submission, critique, and resistance. Findings confirm the centrality of gender in the experience of disenfranchising talk, underscore the need to adopt an intersectional approach to the study of this talk along additional axes of race and class, and offer heuristic value toward conceptually unifying research about female COPC patients' experiences of disenfranchising talk from providers.
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Gunderson CA, Baker A, Pence AD, ten Brinke L. Interpersonal Consequences of Deceptive Expressions of Sadness. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2023; 49:97-109. [PMID: 34906011 PMCID: PMC9684658 DOI: 10.1177/01461672211059700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional expressions evoke predictable responses from observers; displays of sadness are commonly met with sympathy and help from others. Accordingly, people may be motivated to feign emotions to elicit a desired response. In the absence of suspicion, we predicted that emotional and behavioral responses to genuine (vs. deceptive) expressers would be guided by empirically valid cues of sadness authenticity. Consistent with this hypothesis, untrained observers (total N = 1,300) reported less sympathy and offered less help to deceptive (vs. genuine) expressers of sadness. This effect was replicated using both posed, low-stakes, laboratory-created stimuli, and spontaneous, real, high-stakes emotional appeals to the public. Furthermore, lens models suggest that sympathy reactions were guided by difficult-to-fake facial actions associated with sadness. Results suggest that naive observers use empirically valid cues to deception to coordinate social interactions, providing novel evidence that people are sensitive to subtle cues to deception.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alysha Baker
- Okanagan College, Kelowna, British
Columbia, Canada
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Patient-clinician brain concordance underlies causal dynamics in nonverbal communication and negative affective expressivity. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:44. [PMID: 35091536 PMCID: PMC8799700 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient-clinician concordance in behavior and brain activity has been proposed as a potential key mediator of mutual empathy and clinical rapport in the therapeutic encounter. However, the specific elements of patient-clinician communication that may support brain-to-brain concordance and therapeutic alliance are unknown. Here, we investigated how pain-related, directional facial communication between patients and clinicians is associated with brain-to-brain concordance. Patient-clinician dyads interacted in a pain-treatment context, during synchronous assessment of brain activity (fMRI hyperscanning) and online video transfer, enabling face-to-face social interaction. In-scanner videos were used for automated individual facial action unit (AU) time-series extraction. First, an interpretable machine-learning classifier of patients' facial expressions, from an independent fMRI experiment, significantly distinguished moderately painful leg pressure from innocuous pressure stimuli. Next, we estimated neural-network causality of patient-to-clinician directional information flow of facial expressions during clinician-initiated treatment of patients' evoked pain. We identified a leader-follower relationship in which patients predominantly led the facial communication while clinicians responded to patients' expressions. Finally, analyses of dynamic brain-to-brain concordance showed that patients' mid/posterior insular concordance with the clinicians' anterior insula cortex, a region identified in previously published data from this study1, was associated with therapeutic alliance, and self-reported and objective (patient-to-clinician-directed causal influence) markers of negative-affect expressivity. These results suggest a role of patient-clinician concordance of the insula, a social-mirroring and salience-processing brain node, in mediating directional dynamics of pain-directed facial communication during therapeutic encounters.
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Nonverbal pre-performance expressions of professional darts players distinguish between good and poor performance. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20147. [PMID: 34635761 PMCID: PMC8505661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research attempted to extend prior research that showed that thin-slices of pre-performance nonverbal behavior (NVB) of professional darts players gives valid information to observers about subsequent performance tendencies. Specifically, we investigated what kind of nonverbal cues were associated with success and informed thin-slice ratings. Participants (N = 61) were first asked to estimate the performance of a random sample of videos showing the preparatory NVB of professional darts players (N = 47) either performing well (470 clips) or poorly (470 clips). Preparatory NVB was assessed via preparation times and Active Appearance Modeling using Noldus FaceReader. Results showed that observers could distinguish between good and poor performance based on thin-slices of preparatory NVB (p = 0.001, d = 0.87). Further analyses showed that facial expressions prior to poor performance showed more arousal (p = 0.011, ƞ2p = 0.10), sadness (p = 0.040, ƞ2p = 0.04), and anxiety (p = 0.009, ƞ2p = 0.09) and preparation times were shorter (p = 0.001, ƞ2p = 0.36) prior to poor performance than good performance. Lens model analyses showed preparation times (p = 0.001, rho = 0.18), neutral (p = 0.001, rho = 0.13), sad (rho = 0.12), and facial expressions of arousal (p = 0.001, rho = 0.11) to be correlated with observers’ performance ratings. Hence, preparation times and facial cues associated with a player’s level of arousal, neutrality, and sadness seem to be valid nonverbal cues that observers utilize to infer information about subsequent perceptual-motor performance.
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Murphy NA, Hall JA. Capturing Behavior in Small Doses: A Review of Comparative Research in Evaluating Thin Slices for Behavioral Measurement. Front Psychol 2021; 12:667326. [PMID: 33995225 PMCID: PMC8116694 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.667326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thin slices are used across a wide array of research domains to observe, measure, and predict human behavior. This article reviews the thin-slice method as a measurement technique and summarizes current comparative thin-slice research regarding the reliability and validity of thin slices to represent behavior or social constructs. We outline decision factors in using thin-slice behavioral coding and detail three avenues of thin-slice comparative research: (1) assessing whether thin slices can adequately approximate the total of the recorded behavior or be interchangeable with each other (representativeness); (2) assessing how well thin slices can predict variables that are different from the behavior measured in the slice (predictive validity), and (3) assessing how interpersonal judgment accuracy can depend on the length of the slice (accuracy-length validity). The aim of the review is to provide information researchers may use when designing and evaluating thin-slice behavioral measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Murphy
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Judith A Hall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
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Kerr AR, Robinson ME, Meyerowitz C, Morse DE, Aguilar ML, Tomar SL, Guerrero L, Caprio D, Kaste LM, Makhija SK, Mungia R, Rasubala L, Psoter WJ. Cues used by dentists in the early detection of oral cancer and oral potentially malignant lesions: findings from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2020; 130:264-272. [PMID: 32561250 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2020.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess the influence of clinical cues on risk assessment of cancer-associated mucosal abnormalities. STUDY DESIGN We differentiated lesions with a low risk from those with a high risk for premalignancy or malignancy by using 4 cues: (1) color, (2) location, (3) induration, and (4) pain on exploration. Combinations of color and location were presented through 8 photographs, with induration and pain status variably presented in the standardized history and physical findings. This created 16 clinical scenarios (vignettes) that were permutations of the 4 cues. Three questions assessed the extent to which each cue was used in obtaining a clinical impression as to whether a lesion was benign, premalignant, or malignant. RESULTS Completed vignette questionnaires were obtained from 130 of 228 invited dentists, (two-thirds males; 79% white; mean age 52 years; average weekly hours of practice 33 hours). Only 40% of the responding dentists had statistically significant decision policies to assign a clinical diagnosis of a lesion as benign, premalignant, or malignant. Lesion location and color were the 2 dominant cues. As a cue, induration was used as a cue by more of the respondents in determining a clinical diagnosis of malignancy, and pain was infrequently used as a cue. CONCLUSIONS Many dentists do not to have a decision strategy for the clinical diagnosis and risk stratification of oral potentially malignant lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology, and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael E Robinson
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Cyril Meyerowitz
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Douglas E Morse
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Maria L Aguilar
- Department of Restorative Dental Science, Division of Prosthodontics, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Scott L Tomar
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Dianne Caprio
- Faculty Director of General Dentistry, Brunswick County-CSLC, Department of General Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Linda M Kaste
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Illinois College of Dentistry, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sonia K Makhija
- Department of Clinical and Community Sciences, Division of Behavioral and Population Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rahma Mungia
- Associate Professor, Department of Periodontics; Director, South Texas Oral Health Network; Assistant Director, Southwest Region National Dental PBRN, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Linda Rasubala
- Assistant Director Howitt Urgent Dental Care, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Walter J Psoter
- Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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- National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group includes practitioner, faculty, and staff investigators who contributed to this activity. A list is available at http://nationaldentalpbrn.org/collaborative-group.php
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Agarwal V. The Provider's Body in the Therapeutic Relationship: How Complementary and Alternative Medicine Providers Describe Their Work as Healers. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1350-1358. [PMID: 29924639 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2018.1489201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although the body is central to health outcomes, the provider's body has been largely absent in the provider-patient relationship. Drawing upon semi-structured interviews with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers (N = 17), this study examines how CAM providers use their body to characterize their work as healers. The findings suggest the provider's self-reflexive awareness of their own body's illness and faith experiences informs their understanding of the patients' experience of health and disease. The study foregrounds the intersubjective nature of the provider-patient relationship as an embodied interaction in the mutual construction of therapeutic goals. Provider reflection on their own bodies to make sense of their patients' experiences emphasizes provider-patient coproduction of meaning and suggests ways for including the provider's self-reflexive awareness of their own body in a patient-centered healthcare relationship in ways that benefit both the patient and the provider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinita Agarwal
- 272 FH Department of Communication Arts, Fulton School of Liberal Arts, Salisbury University
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Goh JX, Ruben MA, Hall JA. When Social Perception Goes Wrong: Judging Targets’ Behavior toward Gay Versus Straight People. BASIC AND APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01973533.2018.1550724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Blanch-Hartigan D, Ruben MA, Hall JA, Schmid Mast M. Measuring nonverbal behavior in clinical interactions: A pragmatic guide. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:2209-2218. [PMID: 30146408 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Understanding nonverbal behavior is key to the research, teaching, and practice of clinical communication. However, the measurement of nonverbal behavior can be complex and time-intensive. There are many decisions to make and factors to consider when coding nonverbal behaviors. METHODS Based on our experience conducting nonverbal behavior research in clinical interactions, we developed practical advice and strategies for coding nonverbal behavior in clinical communication, including a checklist of questions to consider for any nonverbal coding project. RESULTS We provide suggestions for beginning the nonverbal coding process, operationalizing the coding approach, and conducting the coding. CONCLUSION A key to decision-making around nonverbal behavior coding is establishing clear research questions and using these to guide the process. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The field needs more coding of nonverbal behavior to better describe what happens in clinical interactions, to understand why nonverbal behaviors occur, and to determine the predictors and consequences of nonverbal behaviors in clinical interactions. A larger evidence base can inform better teaching practices and communication interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mollie A Ruben
- Department of Psychology, University of Maine, Orono, USA; Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, USA
| | - Judith A Hall
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA
| | - Marianne Schmid Mast
- Department of Organizational Behavior, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Ruben MA, Blanch-Hartigan D, Shipherd JC. To Know Another’s Pain: A Meta-analysis of Caregivers’ and Healthcare Providers’ Pain Assessment Accuracy. Ann Behav Med 2018; 52:662-685. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie A Ruben
- School of Arts and Sciences, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences University, Boston, MA
- Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research, VA Boston Healthcare System, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jillian C Shipherd
- National Center for PTSD, Women’s Health Sciences, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
- Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Program, Veterans Health Administration, Washington, DC
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Hall JA, Goh JX. Studying Stereotype Accuracy from an Integrative Social-Personality Perspective. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ruben MA, Blanch-Hartigan D, Hall JA. Nonverbal Communication as a Pain Reliever: The Impact of Physician Supportive Nonverbal Behavior on Experimentally Induced Pain. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 32:970-976. [PMID: 27463408 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2016.1196418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the evidence for the potential of supportive communication to alleviate physical pain, no study to date has assessed the impact of supportive nonverbal behavior on the objective and subjective experience of pain. This analogue study examined the impact of an actor-physician's supportive nonverbal behavior on experimentally induced pain. Participants (N = 205) were randomly assigned to interact with a videotaped physician conveying high or low supportive nonverbal behaviors. Participant pain was assessed with subjective and objective measures. Participants interacting with the high nonverbal support physicians showed increased pain tolerance and a reduction in the amount of pain expressed compared to those interacting with the low nonverbal support physicians. For subjectively rated pain, a gender difference existed such that for men, high physician nonverbal support decreased pain ratings and memory of pain, but for women, high physician nonverbal support increased pain ratings and memory of pain. These results highlight the importance of nonverbal communication in altering pain with broad implications for clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mollie A Ruben
- a Center for Healthcare Organization and Implementation Research , U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- b School of Arts & Sciences , MCPHS University
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Healthcare Providers’ Nonverbal Behavior can Lead Patients to Show Their Pain More Accurately: An Analogue Study. JOURNAL OF NONVERBAL BEHAVIOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10919-016-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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