1
|
Terefe H, Yitayih G, Mengesha GG. Phytochemicals reduced growth, sporulation and conidial dimensions of Fusarium verticillioides, cause of fumonisin contamination in maize grains. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 40:e00819. [PMID: 38020724 PMCID: PMC10661154 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of methanolic extracts of plants against radial growth and spore dimensions of Fusarium verticillioides. Leaf extracts of 25 plants were tested against the fungus. Of which, thirteen extracts were potent against the fungus and evaluated using food poising technique. Growth was evaluated on PDA medium amended with the extracts at 5 mg ml-1. Control treatments included plates without (negative) extracts and with synthetic (positive) fungicide. Spore dimension was determined using PDB. The results showed T. vulgaris extract completely inhibited mycelial growth of the fungus as equivalent as the fungicide. Similarly, G. parviflora, C. citratus, R. officinalis, R. chalepensis, and Agave sp. also recorded growth reductions ranging from 71.04 to 81.35 % at day seven. In addition, extracts of Agave sp., C. citratus and T. vulgaris did not support sporulation. Overall, the results indicate that T. vulgaris extracts could be safe source of bioactive chemicals to control F. verticillioides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habtamu Terefe
- School of Plant Sciences, Haramaya University, P.O. Box 138, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Getnet Yitayih
- Department of Plant Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew G. Mengesha
- Arba Minch Agricultural Research Center, SARI, P.O. Box 2228, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ren X, Whitton MM, Yu SJ, Trotter T, Bajagai YS, Stanley D. Application of Phytogenic Liquid Supplementation in Soil Microbiome Restoration in Queensland Pasture Dieback. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030561. [PMID: 36985135 PMCID: PMC10054416 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasture production is vital in cattle farming as it provides animals with food and nutrients. Australia, as a significant global beef producer, has been experiencing pasture dieback, a syndrome of deteriorating grassland that results in the loss of grass and the expansion of weeds. Despite two decades of research and many remediation attempts, there has yet to be a breakthrough in understanding the causes or mechanisms involved. Suggested causes of this phenomenon include soil and plant microbial pathogens, insect infestation, extreme heat stress, radiation, and others. Plants produce a range of phytomolecules with antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, growth-promoting, and immunostimulant effects to protect themselves from a range of environmental stresses. These products are currently used more in human and veterinary health than in agronomy. In this study, we applied a phytogenic product containing citric acid, carvacrol, and cinnamaldehyde, to investigate its ability to alleviate pasture dieback. The phytogenic liquid-based solution was sprayed twice, one week apart, at 5.4 L per hectare. The soil microbial community was investigated longitudinally to determine long-term effects, and pasture productivity and plant morphometric improvements were explored. The phytogenic liquid significantly improved post-drought recovery of alpha diversity and altered temporal and spatial change in the community. The phytogenic liquid reduced biomarker genera associated with poor and polluted soils and significantly promoted plant and soil beneficial bacteria associated with plant rhizosphere and a range of soil benefits. Phytogenic liquid application produced plant morphology improvements and a consistent enhancement of pasture productivity extending beyond 18 months post-application. Our data show that phytogenic products used in the livestock market as an alternative to antibiotics may also have a beneficial role in agriculture, especially in the light of climate change-related soil maintenance and remediation.
Collapse
|
3
|
Parikh L, Agindotan BO, Burrows ME. Antifungal Activity of Plant-Derived Essential Oils on Pathogens of Pulse Crops. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:1692-1701. [PMID: 32940579 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-20-1401-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulse crops such as chickpeas, lentils, and dry peas are grown widely for human and animal consumption. Major yield- and quality-limiting constraints include diseases caused by fungi and oomycetes. The environmental and health concerns of synthetic fungicides used for disease management, emergence of fungicide-resistant pathogens, and demand for organic pulse crop products necessitate the search for effective alternatives. Safe and environmentally friendly plant-derived essential oils (EOs) have been reported effective against some pathogenic fungi. Growth on EO-amended growth medium and an inverted Petri plate assay were used to determine the effects of 38 oils and their volatiles on mycelial growth and spore germination of important pathogenic fungi and oomycetes: Aphanomyces euteiches, Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum lentis, Didymella pisi, D. rabiei, D. lentis, Fusarium avenaceum, Stemphylium beticola, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Pythium sylvaticum. Palmarosa, oregano, clove, cinnamon, lemongrass, citronella, and thyme oils incorporated in media inhibited mycelial growth of all the pathogens by 100% at 1:1,000 to 1:4,000 dilution. In addition, thyme oil (1:500 dilution) showed complete inhibition of conidial germination (0% germination) of F. avenaceum and D. pisi. All seven EO volatiles inhibited mycelial growth of all pathogens by 50 to 100% except for B. cinerea and S. sclerotiorum. EO effects on mycelial growth were fungistatic, fungicidal, or both and varied by EO. EOs show potential for management of major crop diseases in organic and conventional production systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lipi Parikh
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| | - Bright O Agindotan
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Beltsville, MD 21043
| | - Mary E Burrows
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Co-delivery of imidazolium Zn(II)salen and Origanum Syriacum essential oil by shrimp chitosan nanoparticles for antimicrobial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 260:117834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
5
|
Mun H, Townley HE. Nanoencapsulation of Plant Volatile Organic Compounds to Improve Their Biological Activities. PLANTA MEDICA 2021; 87:236-251. [PMID: 33176380 DOI: 10.1055/a-1289-4505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plant volatile organic compounds (volatiles) are secondary plant metabolites that play crucial roles in the reproduction, defence, and interactions with other vegetation. They have been shown to exhibit a broad range of biological properties and have been investigated for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. In addition, they are thought be more environmentally friendly than many other synthetic chemicals 1. Despite these facts, their applications in the medical, food, and agricultural fields are considerably restricted due to their volatilities, instabilities, and aqueous insolubilities. Nanoparticle encapsulation of plant volatile organic compounds is regarded as one of the best strategies that could lead to the enhancement of the bioavailability and biological activity of the volatile compounds by overcoming their physical limitations and promoting their controlled release and cellular absorption. In this review, we will discuss the biosynthesis and analysis of plant volatile organic compounds, their biological activities, and limitations. Furthermore, different types of nanoparticle platforms used to encapsulate the volatiles and the biological efficacies of nanoencapsulated volatile organic compounds will be covered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hakmin Mun
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Helen E Townley
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ghasemi G, Alirezalu A, Ghosta Y, Jarrahi A, Safavi SA, Abbas-Mohammadi M, Barba FJ, Munekata PES, Domínguez R, Lorenzo JM. Composition, Antifungal, Phytotoxic, and Insecticidal Activities of Thymus kotschyanus Essential Oil. Molecules 2020; 25:E1152. [PMID: 32143475 PMCID: PMC7179150 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are some of the outstanding compounds found in Thymus that can exert antifungal, phytotoxic, and insecticidal activities, which encourage their exploration and potential use for agricultural and food purposes. The essential oils (EO) obtained from Thymus kotschyanus collected in the East Azerbaijan Province (Iran) were characterized using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Thymol was the most important compound (60.48%), although 35 other active compounds were identified in the EO. Significant amounts of carvacrol (3.08%), p-cymene (5.56%), and γ-terpinene (6.67%) were found in the EO. The T. kotschyanus EO was tested against important phytopathogenic fungi (Botrytis cinerea, Aspergillus niger, and Penicillium expansum). The antifungal assay showed that the use of ≥500 ppm of EO resulted in a fungicidal effect against all funguses tested. In a similar way, the use of ≥500 ppm of EO inhibited the germination of all crop weed seeds (Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Panicum miliaceum L.) and their subsequent growth, which demonstrated its herbicidal effect. Finally, the insecticidal capacity of T. kotschyanus EO was also observed against selected insects (Oryzaephilus surinamensis and Sitophilus oryzae). O. surinamensis was more susceptible to the effect of EO (LC50 = 4.78 µL/L air) than S. oryzae (LC50 = 13.20 µL/L air). The obtained results of the present study can provide new safe resources to the development of new products for the food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghader Ghasemi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran;
| | - Youbert Ghosta
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 165-5715944931, Iran; (Y.G.); (A.J.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Azadeh Jarrahi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 165-5715944931, Iran; (Y.G.); (A.J.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Seyed Ali Safavi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia 165-5715944931, Iran; (Y.G.); (A.J.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Mahdi Abbas-Mohammadi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran;
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain;
| | - Paulo E. S. Munekata
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 16 San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (R.D.)
| | - Rubén Domínguez
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 16 San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (R.D.)
| | - José M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, rúa Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, 16 San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (R.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schlösser I, Prange A. Antifungal Activity of Selected Natural Preservatives against Aspergillus westerdijkiae and Penicillium verrucosum and the Interactions of These Preservatives with Food Components. J Food Prot 2019; 82:1751-1760. [PMID: 31538828 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the influence of primary food components on the antifungal activity of the essential oil of Origanum vulgare, carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde against Penicillium verrucosum and Aspergillus westerdijkiae. The MIC was determined in food model media enriched with proteins (1, 5, or 10%), carbohydrates (1, 4, or 6%), or oil (1, 5, or 10%). Proteins increased the antifungal activity of O. vulgare essential oil, carvacrol, thymol, and eugenol, whereas the effect of trans-cinnamaldehyde decreased with increasing protein content. The presence of carbohydrates diminished the inhibitory effect of the natural preservatives on A. westerdijkiae; for P. verrucosum, their inhibitory effect increased with carbohydrates. Only the antifungal activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde did not depend on the carbohydrate content. The presence of oil had the strongest influence. At a concentration of 1% oil, the antifungal activity decreased significantly, and at 10% oil, almost no inhibition was observed. To investigate the effect of the antifungal agents on the morphology of the target molds, they were grown on malt extract agar containing carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde and were examined by scanning electron microscopy. The hyphae, conidiophores, vesicles, and phialides were severely altered and deformed, and spore formation was clearly suppressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inga Schlösser
- Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Department of Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany.,Institute for Virology and Microbiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany
| | - Alexander Prange
- Microbiology and Food Hygiene, Department of Food Sciences, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, 41065 Mönchengladbach, Germany.,Institute for Virology and Microbiology, University of Witten/Herdecke, 58453 Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khorasani S, Azizi MH, Barzegar M, Hamidi-Esfahani Z, Kalbasi-Ashtari A. Inhibitory effects of cinnamon, clove and celak extracts on growth of Aspergillus flavus
and its aflatoxins after spraying on pistachio nuts before cold storage. J Food Saf 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfs.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Khorasani
- Former graduate student of Food Science and Technology Department, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-338, Tehran. Faculty member of Food Science and Technology Department; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Azizi
- Faculty members of Food Science and Technology Department; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Mohsen Barzegar
- Faculty members of Food Science and Technology Department; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Zohreh Hamidi-Esfahani
- Faculty members of Food Science and Technology Department; Tarbiat Modares University; Tehran Iran
| | - Ahmad Kalbasi-Ashtari
- Faculty member of Food Science and Technology Department; University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Džamić A, Nikolić B, Giweli A, Mitić-Ćulafić D, Soković M, Ristić M, Knežević-Vukčević J, Marin P. Libyan Thymus capitatus
essential oil: antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and colon pathogen adhesion-inhibition properties. J Appl Microbiol 2015; 119:389-99. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A.M. Džamić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - B.J. Nikolić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - A.A. Giweli
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - D.S. Mitić-Ćulafić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - M.D. Soković
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - M.S. Ristić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”; Belgrade Serbia
| | - J.B. Knežević-Vukčević
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| | - P.D. Marin
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”; Faculty of Biology; University of Belgrade; Belgrade Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Maissa BJ, Walid H. Antifungal activity of chemically different essential oils from wild TunisianThymusspp. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:869-73. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.984182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
11
|
Tyski S, Bocian E, Mikucka A, Grzybowska W. Antibacterial activity of selected commercial products for mouth washing and disinfection, assessed in accordance with PN-EN 1040. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:458-66. [PMID: 23764523 PMCID: PMC3692377 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is a wide range of products for mouth washing on the Polish market. They have different qualitative and quantitative compositions, and they differ particularly in the concentration of active substances. In antisepsis and disinfection, the significant reduction in number of cells of microorganisms in a particular environment is very crucial. The chemical agents should provide a significant decrease in number of microorganisms in a relatively short time. The purpose of this study was to examine the bactericidal activity of selected herbal products used for treatment of inflammation, and disinfection and washing of the mouth, having antibacterial activity as declared by the manufacturers. Material/Methods The study included 28 products for mouth washing and disinfection available in Poland. Bactericidal activity was studied using a quantitative suspension test according to the standard PN-EN 1040. Results Only 1 of 4 tested herbal products, registered as medicinal products, showed satisfactory antibacterial activity when they were used according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. A total of 13 preparations (48%) complied with the standard requirements against all tested strains. Up to 19% of products showed no bactericidal activity against bacterial strains, and up to 33% were only effective against certain microorganisms. Conclusions The informational literature accompanying most antiseptics should be corrected by the manufacturers, providing information about antimicrobial activity consistent with the requirements of applicable standards. The information on the packaging or in the leaflets for antiseptic products should be corrected by the manufacturers to include accurate information on antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Tyski
- Department of Antibiotics and Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oil of Thymus algeriensis wild-growing in Libya. Open Life Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.2478/s11535-013-0150-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe composition of essential oil isolated from Thymus algeriensis growing wild in Libya was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized with thymol (38.50%) as the major component. The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH assay, and compared to thymol and carvacrol. Antioxidant activity was high, with the IC50 of 0.299 mg/ml, compared to 0.403 and 0.105 mg/ml for thymol and carvacrol, and 0.0717 mg/ml for BHA. In addition, antimicrobial activity was tested against eight bacteria and eight fungi. T. algeriensis oil showed inhibitory activity against tested bacteria at 0.001–0.05 mg/ml, while bactericidal activity (MBC) was achieved at 0.0025–0.05 mg/ml. For antifungal activity MICs ranged 0.0005–0.025 mg/ml and MFC 0.001–0.05 mg/ml. High antimicrobial activity against the fungi in particular suggests that the essential oil of Thymus algeriensis could have a useful practical application.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kitchlu S, Bhadauria R, Ram G, Bindu K, Khajuria RK, Ahuja A. Chemo-Divergence in Essential Oil Composition among Thirty One Core Collections of <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> L. Grown under Sub-Tropical Region of Jammu, India. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2013.42040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
14
|
Glas JJ, Schimmel BCJ, Alba JM, Escobar-Bravo R, Schuurink RC, Kant MR. Plant glandular trichomes as targets for breeding or engineering of resistance to herbivores. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:17077-103. [PMID: 23235331 PMCID: PMC3546740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131217077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are specialized hairs found on the surface of about 30% of all vascular plants and are responsible for a significant portion of a plant's secondary chemistry. Glandular trichomes are an important source of essential oils, i.e., natural fragrances or products that can be used by the pharmaceutical industry, although many of these substances have evolved to provide the plant with protection against herbivores and pathogens. The storage compartment of glandular trichomes usually is located on the tip of the hair and is part of the glandular cell, or cells, which are metabolically active. Trichomes and their exudates can be harvested relatively easily, and this has permitted a detailed study of their metabolites, as well as the genes and proteins responsible for them. This knowledge now assists classical breeding programs, as well as targeted genetic engineering, aimed to optimize trichome density and physiology to facilitate customization of essential oil production or to tune biocide activity to enhance crop protection. We will provide an overview of the metabolic diversity found within plant glandular trichomes, with the emphasis on those of the Solanaceae, and of the tools available to manipulate their activities for enhancing the plant's resistance to pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joris J. Glas
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Bernardus C. J. Schimmel
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Juan M. Alba
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| | - Rocío Escobar-Bravo
- Department of Plant Breeding, Subtropical and Mediterranean Horticulture Institute “La Mayora” (IHSM), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Experimental Station “La Mayora”, E-29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain; E-Mail:
| | - Robert C. Schuurink
- Department of Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, 1098 XH, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
| | - Merijn R. Kant
- Department of Population Biology, Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, 1098 XH Science Park 904, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; E-Mails: (J.J.G.); (B.C.J.S.); (J.M.A.)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ibrahim L, Karaky M, Ayoub P, El Ajouz N, Ibrahim S. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activities of essential oil and its components from LebaneseOriganum syriacumL. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.692900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
16
|
Giweli A, Džamić AM, Soković M, Ristić MS, Marin PD. Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of essential oils of Satureja thymbra growing wild in Libya. Molecules 2012; 17:4836-50. [PMID: 22538487 PMCID: PMC6268410 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition of essential oil isolated from Satureja thymbra, growing wild in Libya, was analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The essential oil was characterized by γ-terpinene (39.23%), thymol (25.16%), p-cymene (7.17%) and carvacrol (4.18%) as the major constituents. Antioxidant activity was analyzed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. It possessed strong antioxidant activity (IC50 = 0.0967 mg/mL). The essential oil was also screened for its antimicrobial activity against eight bacterial and eight fungal species, showing excellent antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms used, in particular against the fungi. The oil of S. thymbra showed bacteriostatic activity at 0.001-0.1 mg/mL and was bactericidal at 0.002-0.2 mg/mL; fungistatic effects at 0.001-0.025 mg/mL and fungicidal effects at 0.001-0.1 mg/mL. The main constituents thymol, carvacrol and γ-terpinene also showed strong antimicrobial activity. The commercial fungicide bifonazole showed much lower antifungal activity than the tested oil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhmid Giweli
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.D.)
- Department of botany, Faculty of Science, University of Al-Gabel Al-Garbe, Zintan, Libya;
| | - Ana M. Džamić
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.D.)
| | - Marina Soković
- Mycological Laboratory, Department of Plant Physiology, University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković” Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mihailo S. Ristić
- Institute for Medicinal Plant Research “Dr Josif Pančić”, Tadeuša Košćuška 1, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Petar D. Marin
- Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cristofari G, Znini M, Majidi L, Mazouz H, Tomi P, Costa J, Paolini J. Chemical Diversity of Essential Oils from Asteriscus graveolens (Forssk.) Less.: Identification of cis-8-Acetoxychrysanthenyl Acetate as a New Natural Component. Chem Biodivers 2012; 9:727-38. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201100118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
18
|
Znini M, Cristofari G, Majidi L, Mazouz H, Tomi P, Paolini J, Costa J. Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil from Asteriscus graveolens against Postharvest Phytopathogenic Fungi in Apples. Nat Prod Commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1100601147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oils of the aerial parts of Asteriscus graveolens have been studied using GC and GC-MS. Twenty-eight compounds were identified in the essential oil amounting to 94.9% of the total oil. The aerial part oils showed similar chromatographic profiles and were characterized by having a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes with 6-oxocyclonerolidol (66.7% ±5.5) and 6-hydroxycyclonerolidol (8.8% ±1.2) as the major components. The antifungal effect of the essential oil from A. graveolens leaves was evaluated in vitro against three phytopathogenic fungi of apples ( Alternaria sp., Penicillium expansum, and Rhizopus stolonifer). The results suggest that this essential oil has fungicidal properties towards Alternaria sp. from direct contact assay at 0.2% (v/v) and to P. expansum from vapor assay tests at 80 μL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Znini
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Synthèse et Dynamique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Gregory Cristofari
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, BP 52 Corte, France
| | - Lhou Majidi
- Laboratoire des Substances Naturelles & Synthèse et Dynamique Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- Laboratoire de Protection & Amélioration et Ecophysiologie Végétale, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Pierre Tomi
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, BP 52 Corte, France
| | - Julien Paolini
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, BP 52 Corte, France
| | - Jean Costa
- Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, Laboratoire de Chimie des Produits Naturels, BP 52 Corte, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Soković M, Glamočlija J, Marin PD, Brkić D, van Griensven LJLD. Antibacterial effects of the essential oils of commonly consumed medicinal herbs using an in vitro model. Molecules 2010; 15:7532-46. [PMID: 21030907 PMCID: PMC6259430 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15117532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 313] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Revised: 10/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from 10 commonly consumed herbs: Citrus aurantium, C. limon, Lavandula angustifolia, Matricaria chamomilla, Mentha piperita, M. spicata, Ocimum basilicum, Origanum vulgare, Thymus vulgaris and Salvia officinalis have been determined. The antibacterial activity of these oils and their main components; i.e. camphor, carvacrol, 1,8-cineole, linalool, linalyl acetate, limonene, menthol, a-pinene, b-pinene, and thymol were assayed against the human pathogenic bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis, S. epidermidis, S. typhimurium, and Staphylococcus aureus. The highest and broadest activity was shown by O. vulgare oil. Carvacrol had the highest antibacterial activity among the tested components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Soković
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasmina Glamočlija
- Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar D. Marin
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Stud. trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Brkić
- Les Laboratoires Servier, Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 165v, 11 070 Novi Beograd, Serbia
| | - Leo J. L. D. van Griensven
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research Centre, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Antifungal activity of essential oils against three vegetative-compatibility groups of Verticillium dahliae. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-010-0362-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
21
|
Soković MD, Vukojević J, Marin PD, Brkić DD, Vajs V, van Griensven LJLD. Chemical composition of essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species and their antifungal activities. Molecules 2009; 14:238-49. [PMID: 19136911 PMCID: PMC6253825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14010238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2008] [Revised: 12/30/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential antifungal effects of Thymus vulgaris L., Thymus tosevii L., Mentha spicata L., and Mentha piperita L. (Labiatae) essential oils and their components against 17 micromycetal food poisoning, plant, animal and human pathogens are presented. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodestillation of dried plant material. Their composition was determined by GC-MS. Identification of individual constituents was made by comparison with analytical standards, and by computer matching mass spectral data with those of the Wiley/NBS Library of Mass Spectra. MIC's and MFC's of the oils and their components were determined by dilution assays. Thymol (48.9%) and p-cymene (19.0%) were the main components of T. vulgaris, while carvacrol (12.8%), a-terpinyl acetate (12.3%), cis-myrtanol (11.2%) and thymol (10.4%) were dominant in T. tosevii. Both Thymus species showed very strong antifungal activities. In M. piperita oil menthol (37.4%), menthyl acetate (17.4%) and menthone (12.7%) were the main components, whereas those of M. spicata oil were carvone (69.5%) and menthone (21.9%). Mentha sp. showed strong antifungal activities, however lower than Thymus sp. The commercial fungicide, bifonazole, used as a control, had much lower antifungal activity than the oils and components investigated. It is concluded that essential oils of Thymus and Mentha species possess great antifungal potential and could be used as natural preservatives and fungicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina D. Soković
- Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Vukojević
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 42, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Petar D. Marin
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Takovska 42, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan D. Brkić
- Janssen-Cilag, Department of Johnson-Johnson S.E., Bulevar Mihajla Pupina 248, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vlatka Vajs
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 3, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Leo J. L. D. van Griensven
- Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bergougnoux V, Caissard JC, Jullien F, Magnard JL, Scalliet G, Cock JM, Hugueney P, Baudino S. Both the adaxial and abaxial epidermal layers of the rose petal emit volatile scent compounds. PLANTA 2007; 226:853-66. [PMID: 17520281 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-007-0531-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2006] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The localization and timing of production and emission of scent was studied in different Rosa x hybrida cultivars, focusing on three particular topics. First, it was found that petals represent the major source of scent in R. x hybrida. In heavily scented cultivars, the spectrum and levels of volatiles emitted by the flower broadly correlated with the spectrum and levels of volatiles contained within the petal, throughout petal development. Secondly, analysis of rose cultivars that lacked a detectable scent indicated that the absence of fragrance was due to a reduction in both the biosynthesis and emission of scent volatiles. A cytological study, conducted on scented and non-scented rose cultivars showed that no major difference was visible in the anatomy of the petals either at small magnification in optical sections or in ultrathin sections observed by TEM. In particular, the cuticle of epidermal cells was not thicker in scentless cultivars. Thirdly, using two different techniques, solid/liquid phase extraction and headspace collection of volatiles, we showed that in roses, both epidermal layers are capable of producing and emitting scent volatiles, despite the different morphologies of the cells of these two tissues. Moreover, OOMT, an enzyme involved in scent molecule biosynthesis was localized in both epidermal layers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bergougnoux
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologies Végétales, Plantes Aromatiques et Médicinales, EA 3061, Université Jean Monnet, 23, rue du Dr. Michelon, 42023 Saint-Etienne Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Neri F, Mari M, Brigati S, Bertolini P. Fungicidal Activity of Plant Volatile Compounds for Controlling Monilinia laxa in Stone Fruit. PLANT DISEASE 2007; 91:30-35. [PMID: 30781062 DOI: 10.1094/pd-91-0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nine plant-volatile compounds were tested for their activity against Monilinia laxa, the cause of brown rot in stone fruit. In vitro trials on conidial germination and mycelial growth showed a consistent fungicidal activity of trans-2-hexenal, carvacrol, and citral, whereas trans-cinnamaldehyde, hexanal, (-)-carvone, eugenol, 2-nonanone, and p-anisaldehyde exhibited a progressively lower inhibition. The best inhibitor of conidial germination was trans-2-hexenal (effective dose for 50 and 90% inhibition [ED50 and ED95] = 7.53 and 9.4 μl/liter, respectively; minimal inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 12.3 μl/liter], whereas carvacrol was the best inhibitor of mycelial growth (ED50 and ED95 = 2 and 3.4 μl/liter, respectively; MIC = 6.1 μl/liter). The three most active compounds in in vitro studies also were tested in vivo as postharvest biofumigants. The best control of brown rot was with trans-2-hexenal (efficacy ranging from 46.2 to 80.3%, depending on cultivar), whereas citral and carvacrol resulted in a lower efficacy of 40 and 32.9%, respectively. Fumigation with trans-2-hexenal at concentrations that stopped decay did not cause any visible disorders to plum, whereas it was phytotoxic to apricot, peach, and nectarine and produced off-odors or off-flavors in all species of stone fruit tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fiorella Neri
- Criof, Department of Protection and Improvement of Agricultural Food Products, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Gandolfi, 19, 40057 Cadriano di Granarolo Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Mari
- Criof, Department of Protection and Improvement of Agricultural Food Products, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Gandolfi, 19, 40057 Cadriano di Granarolo Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Brigati
- Criof, Department of Protection and Improvement of Agricultural Food Products, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Gandolfi, 19, 40057 Cadriano di Granarolo Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Bertolini
- Criof, Department of Protection and Improvement of Agricultural Food Products, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, via Gandolfi, 19, 40057 Cadriano di Granarolo Emilia, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The world is filled with flavors and scents, which are the result of volatile compounds produced and emitted by plants. These specialized metabolites are the products of specific metabolic pathways. The terpenoid, fatty acid, and phenylpropanoid pathways contribute greatly to production of volatile compounds. Mechanisms that lead to evolution of volatile production in plants include gene duplication and divergence, convergent evolution, repeated evolution, and alteration of gene expression, caused by a number of factors, followed by change in enzyme specificity. Many examples of these processes are now available for three important gene families involved in production of volatile metabolites: the small molecule O-methyltransferases, the acyltransferases, and the terpene synthases. Examples of these processes in these gene families are found in roses, Clarkia breweri, and sweet basil, among others. Finally, evolution of volatile emission will be an exciting field of study for the foreseeable future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David R Gang
- Department of Plant Sciences and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721-0036, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gang DR, Wang J, Dudareva N, Nam KH, Simon JE, Lewinsohn E, Pichersky E. An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2001; 125:539-55. [PMID: 11161012 PMCID: PMC64856 DOI: 10.1104/pp.125.2.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2000] [Accepted: 10/02/2000] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Plants that contain high concentrations of the defense compounds of the phenylpropene class (eugenol, chavicol, and their derivatives) have been recognized since antiquity as important spices for human consumption (e.g. cloves) and have high economic value. Our understanding of the biosynthetic pathway that produces these compounds in the plant, however, has remained incomplete. Several lines of basil (Ocimum basilicum) produce volatile oils that contain essentially only one or two specific phenylpropene compounds. Like other members of the Lamiaceae, basil leaves possess on their surface two types of glandular trichomes, termed peltate and capitate glands. We demonstrate here that the volatile oil constituents eugenol and methylchavicol accumulate, respectively, in the peltate glands of basil lines SW (which produces essentially only eugenol) and EMX-1 (which produces essentially only methylchavicol). Assays for putative enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway leading to these phenylpropenes localized many of the corresponding enzyme activities almost exclusively to the peltate glands in leaves actively producing volatile oil. An analysis of an expressed sequence tag database from leaf peltate glands revealed that known genes for the phenylpropanoid pathway are expressed at very high levels in these structures, accounting for 13% of the total expressed sequence tags. An additional 14% of cDNAs encoded enzymes for the biosynthesis of S-adenosyl-methionine, an important substrate in the synthesis of many phenylpropenes. Thus, the peltate glands of basil appear to be highly specialized structures for the synthesis and storage of phenylpropenes, and serve as an excellent model system to study phenylpropene biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Gang
- Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1048, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bazylko A, Strzelecka H. Quantitative determination of phenol derivatives fromOleum thymi. Chromatographia 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|