Composition of the Essential Oil ofStachys obtusicrenaBoiss. from Iran

Effect of elevation and phenological stages on essential oil composition of Stachys

Objective:

Determine the best elevation and phenological stages effects on essential oil content and composition in

Materials and methods:

Three phenological stages (vegetative, full flowering and seeding) and three elevation ranges (2500–2700, 2700–2900 and over 2900 m), shoots of plants collected from Kallar mountain as natural habitats from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. Composition of essential oil detected by GC/MS.

Results:

The maximum amount of secondary metabolites of β-ocimene, methyl chavicol, germacrene-D, 1,8 cineole and phthalate had measured in vegetative stage and various of elevation ranges. The most essential oil content (0.145%) was obtained in 2700–2900 m and full flowering stage. The most components in full flowering were β-eudesmol, menthol and γ-eudesmol. The most of germacrene-D, levomenol, β-thujene, β-caryophyllene, β-sesquiphellandrene, α-eudesmol and delta-cadinene was achieved in seeding stage.

Conclusion:

Elevation and phenological stages had significant effect on essential oil of

Composition of the essential oil of Stachys benthamiana Boiss. from the south of Iran

The chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) obtained from the aerial parts of Stachys benthamiana Boiss. was analysed by using GC and GC/MS. Thirty-three components were identified in the oil. β-Bisabolene (19.2%), humulene epoxide II (10.7%), epi-α-bisabolol (7.2%), (E)-γ-bisabolene (6.9%), n-decanal (6.8%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.6%), were the main compounds in the EOs. This is the first report on the different chemical compositions of S. benthamiana EOs from the south of Iran.

Phytochemical and biological studies of Stachys species in relation to chemotaxonomy: a review

The genus Stachys is comprised of about 300 species spread throughout the world, hence representing one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae. Several Stachys species have been exploited in traditional medicine as astringent, wound-healing, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-nephritic and anti-inflammatory agents. Moreover, antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of some Stachys species are documented. Iridoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids and diterpenoids are reported as secondary metabolites of different species of this genus. The aim of the present review is to summarize and to highlight the recent advances in current knowledge on Stachys species and to compile reports of chemical constituents isolated from the genus Stachys over the past decades, together with their structural features, biological activities, and structure-activity relationships. Diversity of chemical constituents is discussed in relationship with current Stachys infrageneric taxonomy, classification and relationships with systematically close genera.

Essential oil composition of leaves of Stachys yemenensis obtained by supercritical CO₂

This article reports the composition of the essential oil from the leaves of Stachys yemenensis. The essential oil was extracted by supercritical CO₂ (90 bar; 40 °C) and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components of the sample were α-phellandrene (13.9%), β-phellandrene (11.7%), elemol (12.0%), spathulenol (6.7%), β-eudesmol (5.0%), α-eudesmol (4.75%) and squalene (4.8%). On the exhausted matrix, deprived of the volatiles, we carried out a high-pressure (250 bar) treatment for the extraction of squalene (49.7%). The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils has been assayed by using the broth dilution method on two American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains, Escherichia coli ATCC 35218 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300, and two clinical strains, Candida albicans and Candida glabrata.