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Weimer P, Kirsten CN, de Araújo Lock G, Nunes KAA, Rossi RC, Koester LS. Co-delivery of beta-caryophyllene and indomethacin in the oily core of nanoemulsions potentiates the anti-inflammatory effect in LPS-stimulated macrophage model. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:114-123. [PMID: 37652137 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The potentiation of pharmacological effects can be achieved through several strategies, such as the association of substances and delivery in nanostructured systems. In practice, potentiation can be measured by the law of mass action and joint evaluation of the combination index (CI) and dose-response curves. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of the association of β-caryophyllene and indomethacin in the free form and delivered in nanoemulsions using the in vitro model of LPS-stimulated murine macrophage. The results indicated potentiation of the anti-inflammatory effect of nanoemulsified substances compared to free substances, as well as synergistic action between the sesquiterpene and the selected NSAID. In comparison, the association of β-caryophyllene and indomethacin in the free form inhibited the production of nitric oxide by 50% at 48.60 µg/mL (CI = 0.21), while the nanoemulsified association of these substances resulted in an IC50 of 1.45 µg/mL (CI = 0.14). In parallel, cytotoxicity assays on HaCaT and MRC-5 cell lines demonstrated the safety of IC50-equivalent concentrations of the anti-inflammatory action, and no irritating effects on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated eggs were observed (HET-CAM assay). The results suggest that β-caryophyllene may be an alternative to replace an inert oily core in nanoemulsion systems when anti-inflammatory effects are desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Weimer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Nedel Kirsten
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, Zip code 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Graziela de Araújo Lock
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ketly A A Nunes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rochele Cassanta Rossi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição e Alimentos, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Av. Unisinos, 950, Cristo Rei, Zip code 93022-000, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Letícia Scherer Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Santa Cecília, Zip code 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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2
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Almeida AR, Morais WA, Oliveira ND, Silva WCG, Gomes APB, Espindola LS, Araujo MO, Araujo RM, Albernaz LC, De Sousa DP, Aragão CFS, Ferreira LS. Nanoemulsions and Solid Microparticles Containing Pentyl Cinnamate to Control Aedes aegypti. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12141. [PMID: 37569517 PMCID: PMC10419096 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aedes aegypti mosquito is a vector of severe diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. The most commonly used industrial larvicides have considerable toxicity for non-target organisms. This study aimed to develop and evaluate liquid and solid carrier systems to use pentyl cinnamate (PC), derived from natural sources, to control Ae. aegypti larvae. The liquid systems consisting of nanoemulsions with different lecithins systems were obtained and evaluated for stability over 30 days. Microparticles (MPs) were obtained by the spray drying of the nanoemulsions using maltodextrin as an adjuvant. Thermal, NMR and FTIR analysis indicated the presence of PC in microparticles. Indeed, the best nanoemulsion system was also the most stable and generated the highest MP yield. The PC larvicidal activity was increased in the PC nanoemulsion system. Therefore, it was possible to develop, characterize and obtain PC carrier systems active against Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison R. Almeida
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Waldenice A. Morais
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
| | - Nicolas D. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Wilken C. G. Silva
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.R.A.); (W.A.M.); (N.D.O.); (W.C.G.S.)
| | - Ana P. B. Gomes
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Laila S. Espindola
- Laboratory of Phamacognosy, Brasília University, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.S.E.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Marianna O. Araujo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.O.A.); (D.P.D.S.)
| | - Renata M. Araujo
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59072-970, Brazil;
| | - Lorena C. Albernaz
- Laboratory of Phamacognosy, Brasília University, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; (L.S.E.); (L.C.A.)
| | - Damião P. De Sousa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58050-085, Brazil; (M.O.A.); (D.P.D.S.)
| | - Cicero F. S. Aragão
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
| | - Leandro S. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade de Medicamentos, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59012-570, Brazil; (A.P.B.G.); (C.F.S.A.)
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3
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Feyaerts AF, Luyten W, Van Dijck P. Striking essential oil: tapping into a largely unexplored source for drug discovery. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2867. [PMID: 32071337 PMCID: PMC7028914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59332-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) have been used therapeutically for centuries. In recent decades, randomized controlled (clinical) trials have supported efficacy in specific therapeutic indications for a few of them. Some EOs, their components or derivatives thereof have been approved as drugs. Nevertheless, they are still considered products that are mainly used in complementary and alternative medicine. EO components occupy a special niche in chemical space, that offers unique opportunities based on their unusual physicochemical properties, because they are typically volatile and hydrophobic. Here we evaluate selected physicochemical parameters, used in conventional drug discovery, of EO components present in a range of commercially available EOs. We show that, contrary to generally held belief, most EO components meet current-day requirements of medicinal chemistry for good drug candidates. Moreover, they also offer attractive opportunities for lead optimization or even fragment-based drug discovery. Because their therapeutic potential is still under-scrutinized, we propose that this be explored more vigorously with present-day methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Feyaerts
- VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB Center for Microbiology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, KU Leuven, 3001, Leuven, Belgium.
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4
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Dai X, Wang R, Wu Z, Guo S, Yang C, Ma L, Chen L, Shi X, Qiao Y. Permeation-enhancing effects and mechanisms of borneol and menthol on ligustrazine: A multiscale study using in vitro and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation methods. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1830-1837. [PMID: 29923687 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Borneol (BO) and menthol (MEN) are two widely used natural permeation enhancers in the transdermal drug delivery system. In previous studies, their permeation enhancement effects and mechanisms of action on the hydrophobic drug osthole (logP = 3.8) and hydrophilic drug 5-fluorouracil (logP = -0.9) have been studied. In this study, ligustrazine (LTZ), whose logP is 1.3, was used as a model drug to provide a comprehensive understanding of the influence of its logP on the permeation-enhancing effects of BO and MEN. Both BO and MEN enhanced the permeation of LTZ through the skin stratum corneum, as determined using the modified Franz diffusion cell experiment. The enhancement mechanisms were illustrated by coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations as follows: at low concentrations, the enhancing ratio of MEN was higher than that of BO because of the stronger perturbation effects of MEN on the lipid bilayer, making it looser and facilitating LTZ diffusion. However, at high concentrations, in addition to the diffusion mechanism, BO induced the formation of water channels to improve the permeation of LTZ; however, MEN had no significant effects through this mechanism. Their results were different from those found with osthole and 5-fluorouracil and have been discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dai
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shujuan Guo
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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5
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Dai X, Yin Q, Wan G, Wang R, Shi X, Qiao Y. Effects of Concentrations on the Transdermal Permeation Enhancing Mechanisms of Borneol: A Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulation on Mixed-Bilayer Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1349. [PMID: 27548141 PMCID: PMC5000745 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Borneol is a natural permeation enhancer that is effective in drugs used in traditional clinical practices as well as in modern scientific research. However, its molecular mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, a mixed coarse-grained model of stratum corneum (SC) lipid bilayer comprised of Ceramide-N-sphingosine (CER NS) 24:0, cholesterol (CHOL) and free fatty acids (FFA) 24:0 (2:2:1) was used to examine the permeation enhancing mechanism of borneol on the model drug osthole. We found two different mechanisms that were dependent on concentrations levels of borneol. At low concentrations, the lipid system maintained a bilayer structure. The addition of borneol made the lipid bilayer loosen and improved drug permeation. The "pull" effect of borneol also improved drug permeation. However, for a strongly hydrophobic drug like osthole, the permeation enhancement of borneol was limited. When most borneol molecules permeated into bilayers and were located at the hydrophobic tail region, the spatial competition effect inhibited drug molecules from permeating deeper into the bilayer. At high concentrations, borneol led to the formation of water pores and long-lived reversed micelles. This improved the permeation of osthole and possibly other hydrophobic or hydrophilic drugs through the SC. Our simulation results were supported by Franz diffusion tests and transmission electron microscope (TEM) experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Dai
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Qianqian Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Guang Wan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10 of Xitoutiao Outside Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Ran Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No. 10 of Xitoutiao Outside Youanmen, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Key Laboratory of TCM-information Engineer of State Administration of TCM, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, No. 6 of Zhonghuan South Road, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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6
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Aboelhadid SM, Mahrous LN, Hashem SA, Abdel-Kafy EM, Miller RJ. In vitro and in vivo effect of Citrus limon essential oil against sarcoptic mange in rabbits. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:3013-20. [PMID: 27098160 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The effect of lemon oil (Citrus limon) on Sarcoptes scabiei var. cuniculi was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The mite samples were collected from naturally infected rabbits. The lemon oil was prepared in six concentrations by dilution with distilled water (2.5, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 %). In vitro application was done in five replicates for each concentration in petri dishes in the laboratory. The treated mites were observed at 1, 12, and 24 h post application (PA) for lemon oil effect. In addition, oxidative stress profile was evaluated for the treated mite. Dependent on in vitro results, 20 % lemon oil was used in vivo trial. Twenty-four naturally infected rabbits were divided into three groups of eight: 20 % lemon oil, deltamethrin, and untreated control. The infected parts of rabbits were treated topically once a week for four successive weeks. In vitro application results showed that lemon oil 10 and 20 % diluted in water caused mortality to 100 % of mites after 24 h PA. The oxidative stress profile revealed that mites treated with 20 % lemon oil had significantly (P < 0.05) higher hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde when compared with mites treated with deltamethrin or distilled water. In vivo application of 20 % lemon oil on naturally infected rabbits showed complete recovery from clinical signs, absence of mite in microscopic examination from the second week of treatment. In addition, productive performance was significantly better than infected untreated group. Also, the treated tissue showed stoppage of scale formation and hair growth faster than deltamethrin-treated rabbits. Consequently, lemon oil has remarkable miticidal activity in vitro and in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Aboelhadid
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.
| | - Lilian N Mahrous
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt
| | - Shimaa A Hashem
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - E M Abdel-Kafy
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Robert J Miller
- USDA ARS Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, Edinburg, TX, USA
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Jung E, Kang YP, Yoon IS, Kim JS, Kwon SW, Chung SJ, Shim CK, Kim DD. Effect of permeation enhancers on transdermal delivery of fluoxetine: in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2013; 456:362-9. [PMID: 24012861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of transdermal fluoxetine (FX) delivery. The effects of chemical forms (base or salt) and permeation enhancers on in vitro skin permeation of FX were assessed using hairless mouse, rat and human cadaver skin. The optimized formulations from the in vitro studies were then evaluated in an in vivo pharmacokinetic study in rats. The in vitro skin permeation studies suggested that the FX base (FXB) and isopropyl myristate (IPM)-limonene mixture could be suitable for transdermal delivery of FX. The permeation parameters of FX through human cadaver skin were well correlated with that through hairless mouse and rat skin, suggesting that these animal models can be used for predicting the permeability of FX through human skin. After transdermal administration of FX with IPM or the IPM-limonene mixture to rats, the mean steady-state plasma concentration (Css) was 66.20 or 77.55 ng/mL, respectively, which was maintained over 36 h and had a good correlation with the predicted Css from the in vitro data. These in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that permeation enhancers could be a potential strategy for transdermal delivery of FX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjae Jung
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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8
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Can AS, Erdal MS, Güngör S, Özsoy Y. Optimization and characterization of chitosan films for transdermal delivery of ondansetron. Molecules 2013; 18:5455-71. [PMID: 23666010 PMCID: PMC6270495 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18055455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop novel transdermal films of ondansetron HCl with high molecular weight chitosan as matrix polymer and 2-(2-ethoxy-ethoxy) ethanol (Transcutol®) as plasticizer. In this context, firstly the physicochemical properties of gels used to formulate transdermal films were characterized and, physicochemical properties and bioadhesiveness of the transdermal films prepared with chitosan gels were assessed. The impact of three different types of terpenes, namely limonene, nerolidol and eucalyptol on in vitro skin permeation of ondansetron from transdermal films were also examined. ATR-FTIR measurements were performed to investigate the effects of the chitosan film formulations on in vitro conformational order of stratum corneum intercellular lipids after 24 h permeation study. The results showed that the chitosan gels consisting of Transcutol® as plasticizer and terpenes as penetration enhancer may be used to prepare transdermal films of ondansetron due to the good mechanical properties and bioadhesiveness of the transdermal films. Eucalyptol (1%) showed higher permeation enhancer effect than the other terpenes and control. ATR-FTIR data confirmed that finding in which eucalyptol induced a blue shift in the both CH₂ asymmetric and symmetric absorbance peak positions indicating increased lipid fluidity of stratum corneum.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yıldız Özsoy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul 34116, Turkey; E-Mails: (A.S.C.); (M.S.E.); (S.G.)
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9
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Valgimigli L, Gabbanini S, Berlini E, Lucchi E, Beltramini C, Bertarelli YL. Lemon (Citrus limon, Burm.f.) essential oil enhances the trans-epidermal release of lipid-(A, E) and water-(B6, C) soluble vitamins from topical emulsions in reconstructed human epidermis. Int J Cosmet Sci 2012; 34:347-56. [PMID: 22515469 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00725.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Topical bioavailability of lipid- and water-soluble vitamins is a critical issue for protecting or anti-ageing formulations. Using 17-day-old SkinEthic(®) reconstructed human epidermis, we investigated (at 34°C) the role of lemon EO in enhancing the penetration of α-tocopherol (E) and retinyl acetate (A), pyridoxine (B(6)) and ascorbic acid (C), released from O/W or W/O emulsions. D-limonene, α-pinene and p-cymene (65.9, 2.2 and 0.5%w/w of the oil) had skin permeability coefficients Ps (10(-3) cm h(-1)) of 0.56 ± 0.03 (or 0.73 ± 0.02), 0.72 ± 0.05 (or 0.98 ± 0.05) and 0.84 ± 0.04 (or 1.14 ± 0.04), respectively, when incorporated in a W/O (or O/W) emulsion. Vitamins B6, C and A had Ps values of (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10(-3), (7.9 ± 0.6) × 10(-3) and (0.37 ± 0.02) × 10(-5) cm h(-1), respectively, and their flux through the skin was enhanced by a factor of 4.1, 3.4 and 5.8, respectively, in the presence of lemon EO. The penetration of vitamin E was nine-fold enhanced. Lemon EO produced only reversible modification of TEWL, and it is a safe and effective penetration enhancer for topical administration of lipid- and water-soluble vitamins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valgimigli
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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10
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Duelund L, Amiot A, Fillon A, Mouritsen OG. Influence of the active compounds of Perilla frutescens leaves on lipid membranes. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:160-166. [PMID: 22272932 DOI: 10.1021/np200713q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of the annual plant Perilla frutescens are used widely as a spice and a preservative in Asian food as well as in traditional medicine. The active compounds in the leaves are the cyclic monoterpene limonene (1) and its bio-oxidation products, perillaldehyde (2), perillyl alcohol (3), and perillic acid (4). These compounds are known to be biologically active and exhibit antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects that could all be membrane mediated. In order to assess the possible biophysical effects of these compounds on membranes quantitatively, the influence of limonene and its bio-oxidation products has been investigated on a membrane model composed of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). It was found that limonene (1), perillyl alcohol (2), and perillaldehyde (3) partitioned into the DMPC membrane, whereas perillic acid (4) did not. The DSC results demonstrated that all the partitioning compounds strongly perturbed the phase transition of DMPC, whereas no perturbation of the local membrane order was detected by EPR spectroscopy. The results of the study showed that limonene (1) and its bio-oxidation products affect membranes in rather subtle ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Duelund
- MEMPHYS-Center for Biomembrane Physics, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.
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Santos SRL, Melo MA, Cardoso AV, Santos RLC, de Sousa DP, Cavalcanti SCH. Structure-activity relationships of larvicidal monoterpenes and derivatives against Aedes aegypti Linn. CHEMOSPHERE 2011; 84:150-153. [PMID: 21376365 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In the search for larvicidal compounds against Aedes aegypti L. (Diptera: Culicidae), a collection of monoterpenes were selected and evaluated. R- and S-limonene exhibited the highest larvicidal potency (LC(50)=27 and 30 ppm, respectively), followed by γ-terpinene (LC(50)=56 ppm) and RS-carvone (LC(50)=118 ppm). Structural characteristics which may contribute to the understanding of the larvicidal activity of monoterpenes were empirically identified. The presence of heteroatoms in the basic hydrocarbon structure decreases larvicidal potency. Conjugated and exo double bonds appear to increase larvicidal potency. Replacement of double bonds by more reactive epoxides decreases the larvicidal potency. The presence of hydroxyls in the cyclic structure resulted in decreased potency, probably due to increased polarity indicanting that lipophilicity seems to play an important role in increasing the larvicidal potency in this set of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra R L Santos
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Pharmacy Department, Federal University of Sergipe, Av. Marechal Rondon S/N, Rosa Elze, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
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