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Expanding the Knowledge Related to Flavors and Fragrances by Means of Three-Dimensional Preparative Gas Chromatography and Molecular Spectroscopy. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9080202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As universally known, gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) allows us to acquire spectra that can be searched in specific databases to attain qualitative information on a peak of interest. When not present in databases, structure elucidation is required before including a new component in a library: from that moment, scientists all around the world will be able to identify the new molecule with analytical confidence after GC-MS analysis. Conversely, if data are not shared in commercial databases, even if a molecule is studied and elucidated, it appears to be unknown or only identifiable on the basis of third-party data taken from the literature, which is a serious limitation. The present paper deals with a case that confirms this assumption. A component of Myrtus communis L. volatile fraction was tentatively identified based on literature data. Despite this, reliable identification could not be achieved due to the lack of a corresponding spectrum in commercial MS databases. Afterwards, the target component was isolated in a reasonable quantity and with a high degree of purity for downstream characterization by spectroscopic techniques. For this purpose, preparative (prep) GC may appear insufficient for the isolation of volatile components from highly complex samples. In this study, a prep-MDGC system was implemented for the isolation of the compound of interest from myrtle oil, consisting of three wide-bore columns of different selectivity coupled by means of Deans switch transfer devices. Based on the NMR and GC-FTIR data acquired, the unknown compound was identified as 2,2,5,5,7,7-hexamethyl-3,7-dihydro-1-benzofuran-4,6(2H,5H)-dione. Noticeably, this is a known molecule, yet its mass spectrum had never been registered into MS databases and thus was not available to the scientific community. Finally, the spectrum was included for the first time in a commercial library, namely the FFNSC 5.0 MS database. The aim of the present study was to highlight the opportunity to make analytical data quickly available in a reliable way by registering them in searchable MS databases to improve the identification means for researchers all over the world.
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Botanic Garden as a Factory of Molecules: Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis as a Case Study. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11060754. [PMID: 35336637 PMCID: PMC8949965 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel perception of botanic gardens as complex “factories of molecules” (Lombardy Region Project–Lr. 25/2016, year 2021), that mediate plant–environment interactions, and are the basis of their utility for humans, is presented. The core-topic is the medicinal plant heritage of the Ghirardi Botanic Garden (Toscolano Maderno, Brescia, Italy) of the University of Milan. In this work, we studied Myrtus communis L. subsp. communis (Myrtaceae) at multiple scale levels: macro- and micromorphological, with special emphasis on the secretory structures responsible for the production of secondary metabolites; phytochemical, with the analysis of the essential oil (EO) composition from leaves (fresh, dried, stored at −20 °C and at −80 °C) and fruits over two consecutive years (2018 and 2019); bio-ecological, with a focus, based on literature data, on the ecology and biological activity of the main EO components. The occurrence of secretory cavities producing terpenes, along with flavonoids, was proven. A high level of chemical variability across the obtained EO profiles emerged, especially that concerning quantitative data. However, regardless of the different conservation procedures, the examined plant part, or the phenological stage, we detected the presence of three ubiquitous compounds: α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and linalool. The overall results will serve to enrich the Ghirardi Botanic Garden with novel labeling showing accurate and updated scientific information in an Open science perspective.
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Gonçalves GM, Martins VDC, da Costa ARH, Fernandes TFDC, Pacheco S, Gama PE, Souza MDC, Godoy RLDO, Laureano-Melo R, Côrtes WDS, de Carvalho MG, Marinho BG. Essential oil of Myrciaria tenella (DC.) O. Berg: effects of distillation time on its chemical composition and evaluation of its anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2021.1899993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Mastrangelo Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Víctor de Carvalho Martins
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - André Romero Henrique da Costa
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | | | - Sidney Pacheco
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Líquida, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Paola Ervatti Gama
- Laboratório de Cromatografia Gasosa, Embrapa Agroindústria de Alimentos, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcelo da Costa Souza
- Herbário RBR, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | | | - Roberto Laureano-Melo
- Laboratório de Fisiofarmacologia Comportamental, Centro Universitário de Barra Mansa, Barra Mansa, Brasil
| | - Wellington da Silva Côrtes
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Mario Geraldo de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
| | - Bruno Guimarães Marinho
- Laboratório de Farmacologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brasil
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Bekhechi C, Watheq Malti CE, Boussaïd M, Achouri I, Belilet K, Gibernau M, Casanova J, Tomi F. Composition and Chemical Variability of Myrtus communis Leaf Oil From Northwestern Algeria. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x19850030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myrtus communis L. is a shrub growing wild in most countries all around the Mediterranean Sea and myrtle leaf oil is useful in the perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. Nowadays, “chemotyped” essential oils are more and more appreciated. Myrtle oil from eastern and central-north Algeria belong to the “α-pinene-cineole” chemotype. In contrast, Moroccan myrtle oil displayed appreciable content of myrtenyl acetate. Therefore, it appeared crucial to investigate the composition of myrtle leaf oil from northwestern Algeria in order to ensure the homogeneity of the composition of Algerian myrtle leaf oil. The chemical composition of 42 oil samples of M. communis isolated from leaves collected in five locations from Tlemcen Province was investigated by gas chromatography (GC) in combination with retention indices, GC-mass spectroscopy, and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Yields ranged between 0.13% and 1.04% (w/w). The chemical composition of the oils was largely dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons, with α-pinene (24.3-59.0%) and 1,8-cineole (13.2-49.5%) being the major compounds followed by limonene (3.2-19.8%). The 42 compositions were submitted to statistical analyses. The combination of hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis allowed the distinction of two groups, the second group being subdivided into two subgroups. Groups and subgroups were differentiated with respect to their contents of α-pinene and 1,8-cineole and, to a lesser extent, of limonene. This study ensures that Algerian myrtle leaf oil belongs to the “α-pinene-cineole” chemotype which displays various biological activities. The observed homogeneity could be a positive point to join the international market of essential oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chahrazed Bekhechi
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Charaf Eddine Watheq Malti
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Maghnia Boussaïd
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Imane Achouri
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Karima Belilet
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Marc Gibernau
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Ajaccio, France
| | - Joseph Casanova
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Ajaccio, France
| | - Félix Tomi
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Equipe Chimie et Biomasse, Ajaccio, France
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Hennia A, Nemmiche S, Dandlen S, Miguel MG. Myrtus communis essential oils: insecticidal, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities: a review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1611672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Hennia
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Said Nemmiche
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University of Mostaganem, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Susana Dandlen
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Maria Graça Miguel
- Departamento de Química e Farmácia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Siracusa L, Napoli E, Tuttolomondo T, Licata M, La Bella S, Gennaro MC, Leto C, Sarno M, Sperlinga E, Ruberto G. A Two-Year Bio-Agronomic and Chemotaxonomic Evaluation of Wild Sicilian Myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) Berries and Leaves. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1800575. [PMID: 30561831 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A collection of nine Myrtus communis samples from different localities of Sicily was evaluated. Morphological traits and production characteristics have been chosen as parameters to arrange the samples into homogeneous groups and to identify the best biotypes for possible future agro-industrial exploitation. The plant material has been subjected to taxonomic characterization from biometric and phytochemical perspectives. Myrtle berries and leaves have been analyzed for their content in metabolites, applying a cascade extraction protocol for M. communis leaves and a single hydroalcoholic extraction for berries, whereas hydrodistillation procedures have been applied to obtain the essential oils from berries and leaves. The analyses of non-volatile components were carried out by LC-UV-DAD-ESI-MS. All the extracts were characterized by the presence of numerous polyphenols, namely highly hydroxylated flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin; and ellagic acid detected in all samples. In addition, myrtle berries contained nine different anthocyanins, namely delphinidin, petunidin, cyanidin and malvidin derivatives. The essential oils (EOs) were analyzed by a combination of GC-FID and GC/MS. A total of 33 and 34 components were fully characterized with the predominance of α-pinene, myrtenyl acetate, linalool, 1,8-cineole and linalyl acetate. All phytochemical profiles were subjected to cluster analyses, which allowed subdividing the myrtle samples in different chemical groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Siracusa
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Edoardo Napoli
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Teresa Tuttolomondo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario Licata
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore La Bella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Gennaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Leto
- Co.Ri.S.S.I.A. Consorzio di ricerca per lo Sviluppo di Sistemi Innovativi Agroambientali, Viale Libertà, 203 -, 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mauro Sarno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali (SAAF), Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 13 -, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Elisa Sperlinga
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ruberto
- Istituto del CNR di Chimica Biomolecolare, Via Paolo Gaifami, 18 -, 95126, Catania, Italy
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Neves A, Marto J, Duarte A, Gonçalves LM, Pinto P, Figueiredo AC, Ribeiro HM. Characterization of Portuguese Thymbra capitata
, Thymus caespititius
and Myrtus communis
essential oils in topical formulations. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Neves
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - J. Marto
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - A. Duarte
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - L. M. Gonçalves
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
| | - P. Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
- PhD Trials, Rua das Murtas; Lisbon Portugal
| | - A. C. Figueiredo
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM Lisboa); Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal (CBV); Lisbon Portugal
| | - H. M. Ribeiro
- Research Institute for Medicines and Pharmaceutical Sciences (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy; Universidade de Lisboa; Portugal
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