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McCready K, Spencer V, Kim M. The Importance of TOR Kinase in Plant Development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:16. [PMID: 32117365 PMCID: PMC7012898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (TOR) kinase has been recognised as a key developmental regulator in both plants and animals. Despite their distinct developmental programmes, all eukaryotes studied possess a functional TOR kinase, which integrates environmental and nutrient signals to direct growth and development. This is particularly important in plants, as they are sessile and must sense and respond to external signals to coordinate multicellular growth appropriately. Thus, the investigation of TOR is essential for plant developmental studies in the context of the resources available for growth. Recently, links have been shown between TOR and plant development from embryogenesis through to senescence, however more investigation is crucial to fully elucidate TOR function in each developmental process.
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Dobrenel T, Caldana C, Hanson J, Robaglia C, Vincentz M, Veit B, Meyer C. TOR Signaling and Nutrient Sensing. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 67:261-85. [PMID: 26905651 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-043014-114648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
All living organisms rely on nutrients to sustain cell metabolism and energy production, which in turn need to be adjusted based on available resources. The evolutionarily conserved target of rapamycin (TOR) protein kinase is a central regulatory hub that connects environmental information about the quantity and quality of nutrients to developmental and metabolic processes in order to maintain cellular homeostasis. TOR is activated by both nitrogen and carbon metabolites and promotes energy-consuming processes such as cell division, mRNA translation, and anabolism in times of abundance while repressing nutrient remobilization through autophagy. In animals and yeasts, TOR acts antagonistically to the starvation-induced AMP-activated kinase (AMPK)/sucrose nonfermenting 1 (Snf1) kinase, called Snf1-related kinase 1 (SnRK1) in plants. This review summarizes the immense knowledge on the relationship between TOR signaling and nutrients in nonphotosynthetic organisms and presents recent findings in plants that illuminate the crucial role of this pathway in conveying nutrient-derived signals and regulating many aspects of metabolism and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dobrenel
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France;
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Camila Caldana
- Molecular Physiology of Plant Biomass Production Group, Max Planck Partner Group, Brazilian Bioethanol Science and Technology Laboratory, CEP 13083-100 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Johannes Hanson
- Umeå Plant Science Center, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå 90187, Sweden
| | - Christophe Robaglia
- Laboratoire de Génétique et Biophysique des Plantes, UMR 7265, DSV, IBEB, SBVME, CEA, CNRS, Aix Marseille Université, Faculté des Sciences de Luminy, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Michel Vincentz
- Laboratório de Genética de Plantas, Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CEP 13083-875 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruce Veit
- Forage Improvement, AgResearch, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Christian Meyer
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, UMR 1318 INRA AgroParisTech, ERL CNRS 3559, Saclay Plant Sciences, Versailles 78026, France;
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of a new WD40 repeat protein gene in upland cotton. Biologia (Bratisl) 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-012-0103-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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