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Sun R, Zuo J, Chen X, Zhu Q. Falling into the trap: A study of the cognitive neural mechanisms of immediate rewards impact on consumer attitudes toward forwarding perk advertisements. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302023. [PMID: 38857237 PMCID: PMC11164344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of digital marketing, consumers often express aversion to perk advertisements yet find it challenging to resist the temptation and forward it, resulting in inconsistent attitudes and behaviors. This study, based on the Associative Propositional Evaluation model and the Confirmation Bias theory, utilizes event-related potential experiments to identify the interactive impacts of immediate rewards and information diagnosticity in advertisements on consumer attitude change in specific contexts. The research findings indicate that when rewards were present, information diagnosticity positively influences attitude change and the willingness to forward. However, when rewards were absent, the impact of information diagnosticity on attitude change and the willingness to forward is not significant, and neuroscientific evidence supports these findings. Theoretically, this study extends the research perspective on attitude change in online advertising contexts and broadens the application of the Associative Propositional Evaluation model in the field of consumer attitude change towards advertisements. In practice, this research holds significant guiding value for constraining platform manipulation of consumer cognitive behaviors, guiding the healthy development of platform economics, and promoting digital technology ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Sun
- School of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiajia Zuo
- School of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xue Chen
- School of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Qiuhua Zhu
- School of Business Administration, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
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2
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Davies PT, Sturge-Apple ML. Beyond form: The value of systems conceptualizations of function in increasing precision and novelty in the study of developmental psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38389499 PMCID: PMC11341777 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Developmental psychopathology has successfully advanced an understanding of risk and protective factors in multivariate models. However, many areas have relied on top-down approaches that define psychological constructs based largely or solely on their physical form. In this paper, we first describe how top-down approaches have significantly hindered progress by generating generic risk and protective models that yield little more than the conclusion that axiomatically positive and negative factors respectively beget an interchangeable array of positive and negative child sequelae. To advance precision and novelty as central priorities, we describe behavioral systems frameworks rooted in evolutionary theory that infuse both form (i.e., what it looks like) and function (what it is designed to do) into psychological constructs. We further address how this paradigm has generated new growing points for developmental models of interparental relationships and parenting. In the final section, we provide recommendations for expanding this approach to other areas of developmental psychopathology. Throughout the paper, we document how the focus on functional patterns of behavior in well-defined developmental contexts advance precision and novelty in understanding children's response processes to threats, opportunities, and challenges in associations between their developmental histories and their psychological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick T Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Melissa L Sturge-Apple
- Department of Psychology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
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3
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Yeh N, Rose NS. How Can Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Be Used to Modulate Episodic Memory?: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:993. [PMID: 31263433 PMCID: PMC6584914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize the existing literature on how transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been used to modulate episodic memory. Given the numerous parameters of TMS protocols and experimental design characteristics that can be manipulated, a mechanistic understanding of how changes in the combination of parameters (e.g., frequency, timing, intensity, targeted brain region, memory task) modulate episodic memory is needed. To address this, we reviewed 59 studies and conducted a meta-analysis on 245 effect sizes from 37 articles on healthy younger adults (N = 1,061). Analyses revealed generally more beneficial effects of 1-Hz rTMS vs. other frequencies on episodic memory. Moderation analyses revealed complex interactions as online 20-Hz rTMS protocols led to negative effects, while offline 20-Hz rTMS led to enhancing effects. There was also an interaction between stimulation intensity and frequency as 20-Hz rTMS had more negative effects when applied below- vs. at-motor threshold. Conversely, 1-Hz rTMS had more beneficial effects than other frequencies when applied below- vs. at- or above-motor threshold. No reliable aggregate or hypothesized interactions were found when assessing stimulation site (frontal vs. parietal cortex, left vs. right hemisphere), stimulated memory process (during encoding vs. retrieval), the type of retrieval (associative/recollection vs. item/familiarity), or the type of control comparison (active vs. sham or no TMS) on episodic memory. However, there is insufficient data to make strong inference based on the lack of aggregate or two-way interactions between these factors, or to assess more complex (e.g., 3-way) interactions. We reviewed the effects on other populations (healthy older adults and clinical populations), but systematic comparison of parameters was also prevented due to insufficient data. A database of parameters and effects sizes is available as an open source repository so that data from studies can be continuously accumulated in order to facilitate future meta-analysis. In conclusion, modulating episodic memory relies on complex interactions among the numerous moderator variables that can be manipulated. Therefore, rigorous, systematic comparisons need to be further investigated as the body of literature grows in order to fully understand the combination of parameters that lead to enhancing, detrimental or null effects on episodic memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Yeh
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Nathan S Rose
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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Castro-de-Araujo LFS, Allin M, Picchioni MM, Mcdonald C, Pantelis C, Kanaan RAA. Schizophrenia moderates the relationship between white matter integrity and cognition. Schizophr Res 2018; 199:250-256. [PMID: 29602641 PMCID: PMC6179965 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a primary feature of schizophrenia, with alterations in several cognitive domains appearing in the pre-morbid phase of the disorder. White matter microstructure is also affected in schizophrenia and considered to be related to cognition, but the relationship of the two is unclear. As interaction between cognition and white matter structure involves the interplay of several brain structures and cognitive abilities, investigative methods which can examine the interaction of multiple variables are preferred. A multiple-groups structural equation model (SEM) was used to assess the relationship between diffusion tension imaging data (fractional anisotropy of selected white matter tracts) and cognitive abilities of 196 subjects - 135 healthy subjects and 61 patients with schizophrenia. It was found that multiple-indicators, multiple-causes model best fitted the data analysed. Schizophrenia moderated the relation of white matter function on cognition with a large effect size. This paper extends previous work on modelling intelligence within a SEM framework by incorporating neurological elements into the model, and shows that white matter microstructure in patients with schizophrenia interacts with cognitive abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília-DF, Brazil; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Mathew Allin
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK.
| | - Marco M Picchioni
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Colm Mcdonald
- National University of Ireland (NUI), Galway, Ireland.
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Richard A A Kanaan
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
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Tomko RL, McClure EA. Introduction to the special issue: Utilizing ambulatory assessment to better understand the etiology, maintenance, treatment, and remission of addictive disorders. Addict Behav 2018; 83:1-4. [PMID: 29661656 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Tomko
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Erin A McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Charleston, SC, USA
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Castro-de-Araujo LFS, Kanaan RAA. First episode psychosis moderates the effect of gray matter volume on cognition. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2017; 266:108-113. [PMID: 28644997 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) present with cognitive deficits and volume differences in certain brain areas. Brain volumetric information further correlates with cognitive testing, and multiple brain areas shows different strengths of correlation with the cognitive functions being tested. Traditionally, these cognitive functions are independently related to volumetric differences, but these functions share variance. Failing to account for this aspect of cognition hinders the proper representation of cognition in neuroimaging studies. We used modeling methods which account for this shared variance to investigate the differences of correlations between cognitive abilities and brain areas. A multiple-groups structured equation model (SEM) approach was used to design and test a model representing the relation between gray matter volumetric data and neuropsychological test scores in a sample of 100 Brazilian FEP patients and 94 controls. Models with a latent variable formed by neurological measures and reflecting cognitive measures performed better on fit tests. FEP moderated the relation between gray matter volumes and cognition by altering the profile of correlations between groups. This moderation had a large effect size. SEM provides a fine grained picture of the interdependence of structural brain changes and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F S Castro-de-Araujo
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília, DF, Brazil; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Richard A A Kanaan
- University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
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Tully LM, Lincoln SH, Hooker CI. Lateral prefrontal cortex activity during cognitive control of emotion predicts response to social stress in schizophrenia. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2014; 6:43-53. [PMID: 25379415 PMCID: PMC4215466 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
LPFC dysfunction is a well-established neural impairment in schizophrenia and is associated with worse symptoms. However, how LPFC activation influences symptoms is unclear. Previous findings in healthy individuals demonstrate that lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation during cognitive control of emotional information predicts mood and behavior in response to interpersonal conflict, thus impairments in these processes may contribute to symptom exacerbation in schizophrenia. We investigated whether schizophrenia participants show LPFC deficits during cognitive control of emotional information, and whether these LPFC deficits prospectively predict changes in mood and symptoms following real-world interpersonal conflict. During fMRI, 23 individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and 24 healthy controls completed the Multi-Source Interference Task superimposed on neutral and negative pictures. Afterwards, schizophrenia participants completed a 21-day online daily-diary in which they rated the extent to which they experienced mood and schizophrenia-spectrum symptoms, as well as the occurrence and response to interpersonal conflict. Schizophrenia participants had lower dorsal LPFC activity (BA9) during cognitive control of task-irrelevant negative emotional information. Within schizophrenia participants, DLPFC activity during cognitive control of emotional information predicted changes in positive and negative mood on days following highly distressing interpersonal conflicts. Results have implications for understanding the specific role of LPFC in response to social stress in schizophrenia, and suggest that treatments targeting LPFC-mediated cognitive control of emotion could promote adaptive response to social stress in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Tully
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Christine I Hooker
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Tully LM, Niendam TA. Beyond “Cold” Cognition: Exploring Cognitive Control of Emotion as a Risk Factor for Psychosis. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-014-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wilson SJ, Smyth JM, MacLean RR. Integrating ecological momentary assessment and functional brain imaging methods: new avenues for studying and treating tobacco dependence. Nicotine Tob Res 2013; 16 Suppl 2:S102-10. [PMID: 24132411 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and related methods typically entail repeatedly and intensively sampling behavior as it occurs over time and under naturalistic conditions. Although the methodological features of EMA make it a highly valuable research technique in its own right, EMA can also be a potent counterpart to other approaches. One methodological partnership with substantial yet largely untapped potential for the study of tobacco dependence is the pairing of EMA with functional brain imaging. METHODS The goal of this review is to outline the promise of this approach, with a focus on the combined use of EMA and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Due to the unique and complementary strengths of each method, the merger of EMA and fMRI methods has the potential to advance the understanding of tobacco dependence in ways difficult or impossible to achieve through the use of either method in isolation. RESULTS In addition to describing a conceptual basis for combining EMA with fMRI, we provide a preliminary empirical illustration of this integrative approach using data from an ongoing study. CONCLUSIONS EMA and fMRI have independently yielded important findings regarding the nature and treatment of tobacco dependence. The integration of these powerful research methods, however, holds even greater potential for the field of tobacco research. Additionally, recent advances are paving the way for the synergistic use of fMRI and EMA-based methods to develop innovative approaches to tobacco cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Wilson
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
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Moran JM, Zaki J. Functional Neuroimaging and Psychology: What Have You Done for Me Lately? J Cogn Neurosci 2013; 25:834-42. [DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Functional imaging has become a primary tool in the study of human psychology but is not without its detractors. Although cognitive neuroscientists have made great strides in understanding the neural instantiation of countless cognitive processes, commentators have sometimes argued that functional imaging provides little or no utility for psychologists. And indeed, myriad studies over the last quarter century have employed the technique of brain mapping—identifying the neural correlates of various psychological phenomena—in ways that bear minimally on psychological theory. How can brain mapping be made more relevant to behavioral scientists broadly? Here, we describe three trends that increase precisely this relevance: (i) the use of neuroimaging data to adjudicate between competing psychological theories through forward inference, (ii) isolating neural markers of information processing steps to better understand complex tasks and psychological phenomena through probabilistic reverse inference, and (iii) using brain activity to predict subsequent behavior. Critically, these new approaches build on the extensive tradition of brain mapping, suggesting that efforts in this area—although not initially maximally relevant to psychology—can indeed be used in ways that constrain and advance psychological theory.
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Demetriou A, Spanoudis G, Shayer M, Mouyi A, Kazi S, Platsidou M. Cycles in speed-working memory-G relations: Towards a developmental–differential theory of the mind. INTELLIGENCE 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intell.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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12
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King EB, Hebl MR, Botsford Morgan W, Ahmad AS. Field Experiments on Sensitive Organizational Topics. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/1094428112462608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organizational scholars study a number of sensitive topics that make employees and organizations vulnerable to unfavorable views. However, the typical ways in which researchers study these topics—via laboratory experiments and field surveys—can be laden with problems. In this article, the authors argue that the difficulties in studying sensitive topics can be overcome through the underutilized method of field experiments, detail strategies for conducting high-quality experimental field studies, and offer suggestions for overcoming potential challenges in data collection and publishing. As such, this article is designed to serve as a guide and stimulus for using the valuable methodological tool of field experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden B. King
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Afra Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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