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Gao AZ, Chen WC. The association between Internet use and cognitive ability among rural left-behind children in China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1341298. [PMID: 38317682 PMCID: PMC10839089 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1341298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study focuses on the cognitive development of rural children aged 10-15 who have been left behind, utilizing data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) datasets of 2016 and 2020. The primary objective is to investigate the correlation between Internet usage and the cognitive ability of these children. Methods An Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression model was initially employed to explore the potential influence of Internet use on the cognitive ability of rural left-behind children. To meticulously address potential endogeneity, we employed the instrumental variable (IV) method. Additionally, we performed robustness checks using Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to ensure the reliability of our findings. Results The findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between Internet usage and the cognitive ability of left-behind rural children. Notably, the impact of Internet use is more pronounced in girls than in boys among this demographic. Furthermore, a significant influence of Internet usage on the cognitive ability is observed in rural children aged 10-12, whereas no significant correlation is found for those aged 13-15. Particularly noteworthy is the substantial impact of Internet use on the cognitive ability of left-behind children with an absent father. In addition, the cognitive benefits associated with Internet use were notably more pronounced among rural left-behind children, especially when considering factors such as attendance at a demonstration school and parental concern for the child's education. Conclusion This study underscores the importance of understanding the relationship between Internet usage and cognitive development in left-behind rural children. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and inclusive access to online resources for the development of rural left-behind children.
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Huang PS, Lee WK, Liu CH. Why Do Bystanders Become Cyberbullies? The Effect of Perceived Reasonableness of Online Messages on Bystanders' Aggressive Tendency and Its Underlying Mechanism. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2023. [PMID: 37276074 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2022.0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to examine the influence of bystanders' perceived reasonableness of online messages on their aggressive tendency toward victims and to examine the mediating role of bystanders' attribution of responsibility to victims on their aggressive tendency toward the victims. Our study involved two parts: In Study 1, 295 Taiwanese undergraduates were recruited, and questionnaires were distributed to them to measure their perceived reasonableness of cyberbullying attacks. In Study 2, a total of 78 university students were recruited. The participants' perceived reasonableness of cyberbullying attacks was reduced through experimental manipulation. Subsequently, they were randomly assigned to a group with relatively low reasonableness or a control group. The results of both studies revealed that the participants' aggressive tendency toward the victim was influenced by their perceived reasonableness of cyberbully messages. The relation between perceived reasonableness and aggressive tendency was mediated by the participants' attribution of responsibility to the victim.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kuang Lee
- Kaohsiung Municipal Gangshan Elementary School, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Liu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Huang PS, Chung SJ, Liu CH, Chen PZ. Measuring Cognitive and Social Interactive Attributes of Digital Natives: Development and Validation of a Scale. Percept Mot Skills 2023:315125231172352. [PMID: 37137162 DOI: 10.1177/00315125231172352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Scholars refer to individuals who have been immersed in digital environments and who make easy use of digital languages to interact with the world as "digital natives," and Teo proposed four attributes of digital natives to illustrate their behavioral tendencies. We aimed to expand Teo's framework and to develop and validate the Scale of Digital Native Attributes (SDNA) for measuring cognitive and social interactive attributes of digital natives. Based on pre-test results, we retained 10 attributes and 37 SDNA items, with 3-4 items in each sub-dimension. We then recruited 887 Taiwanese undergraduates as respondents and conducted confirmatory factor analysis to establish construct validity. Moreover, the SDNA correlated with several other related measurements to demonstrate satisfactory criterion-related validity. Internal consistency was evaluated by McDonald's Omega (ω) and Cronbach's α coefficient, showing satisfactory reliability. This preliminary tool is now ready for cross validation and temporal reliability testing in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jun Chung
- Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hong Liu
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Zhen Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Talaifar S, Lowery BS. Freedom and Constraint in Digital Environments: Implications for the Self. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 18:544-575. [PMID: 36179056 DOI: 10.1177/17456916221098036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate how features of the digital environment free or constrain the self. Based on the current empirical literature, we argue that modern technological features, such as predictive algorithms and tracking tools, pose four potential obstacles to the freedom of the self: lack of privacy and anonymity, (dis)embodiment and entrenchment of social hierarchy, changes to memory and cognition, and behavioral reinforcement coupled with reduced randomness. Comparing these constraints on the self to the freedom promised by earlier digital environments suggests that digital reality can be designed in more freeing ways. We describe how people reassert personal agency in the face of the digital environment's constraints and provide avenues for future research regarding technology's influence on the self.
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Tsankova E, Tair E. Meta-Accuracy on the Internet: Initial Tests of Underlying Dimensions, Contributing Factors, and Biases. Front Psychol 2022; 13:837931. [PMID: 35310286 PMCID: PMC8926076 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.837931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Meta-accuracy (correspondence between how we think others perceive us and how they really perceive us) of first impressions on the Internet has the potential to shape subsequent interactions. Aiming to enhance understanding of the underlying perceptual dimensions, the contribution of social competence, and the existence of positive/negative bias in first impressions’ meta-accuracy online, we conducted a study in a simulated asynchronous social-media-type setting. Target participants uploaded a selfie, wrote a short description of themselves, provided estimates of how warm and competent they believed others would find them based on their selfies and texts (metaperception), and completed two social competence questionnaires (general and Internet-specific). Perceiver participants assessed the warmth and competence of the selfies and texts as well (others’ perception). Meta-accuracy was measured as the absolute difference between metaperception and others’ perception. Through correlational analyses, we confirmed that meta-accuracy of first impressions on the Internet aligned with the universal dimensions of social cognition (warmth and competence), found sporadic evidence for the positive association between meta-accuracy and social competence, and showed that meta-accuracy for specific Internet expressive means varied with varying proficiency in these means. Through t-tests, we demonstrated positive meta-accuracy bias for selfies along the warmth dimension and negative bias for text along the competence dimension. Overall, our results suggest the primacy of warmth and uniqueness of the male targets-female perceivers combination for meta-accuracy on the Internet. Our findings expand knowledge about first impressions’ meta-accuracy on the Internet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tsankova
- Personality Psychology and Methodology of Psychological Measurement, Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ergyul Tair
- Personality Psychology and Methodology of Psychological Measurement, Department of Psychology, Institute for Population and Human Studies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Mastrogiorgio A, Zaninotto F, Maggi F, Ricciardi E, Lattanzi N, Malizia AP. Enhancing Organizational Memory Through Virtual Memoryscapes: Does It Work? Front Psychol 2021; 12:683870. [PMID: 34456795 PMCID: PMC8387558 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.683870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enhancing cognitive memory through virtual reality represents an issue, that has never been investigated in organizational settings. Here, we compared a virtual memoryscape (treatment) – an immersive virtual environment used by subjects as a shared memory tool based on spatial navigation – with respect to the traditional individual-specific mnemonic tool based on the “method of loci” (control). A memory task characterized by high ecological validity was administered to 82 subjects employed by large banking group. Memory recall was measured, for both groups, immediately after the task (Phase 1) and one week later (Phase 2). Results show that (i) in Phase 1, the method of loci was more efficient in terms of recalling information than the to the virtual memoryscape; (ii) in Phase 2, there was no difference. Compared to the method of loci, the virtual memoryscape presents the advantages – relevant for organizations – of being collective, controllable, dynamic, and non-manipulable.
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Fisher M, Smiley AH, Grillo TLH. Information without knowledge: the effects of Internet search on learning. Memory 2021; 30:1-13. [PMID: 33557708 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1882501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The Internet has radically shifted how people access information. Instead of storing information internally, increasingly, people outsource to the Internet and retrieve it when needed. While this is an efficient strategy in many ways, its downstream consequences remain largely unexplored. This research examines how accessing online information impacts how people remember information in a learning context. Across five experiments, participants studied for a quiz either by searching online to access relevant information or by directly receiving that same information without online search. Those who searched the Internet performed worse in the learning assessment, indicating that they stored less new knowledge in internal memory. However, participants who searched the Internet were as confident, or even more confident, that they had mastered the study material compared to those who did not search online. We argue that, by making information retrievability salient, Internet search reduces the likelihood of information being stored in memory. Further, these results suggest that searching online leads to the misattribution of online information to internal memory, thus masking the Internet-induced learning deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Fisher
- Department of Marketing, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Adam H Smiley
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tito L H Grillo
- Marketing Department, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Text and you might miss it? Snap and you might remember? Exploring “Google effects on memory” and cognitive self-esteem in the context of Snapchat and text messaging. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
This review delineates core components of the social media ecosystem, specifying how online platforms complicate established social psychological effects. We assess four pairs of social media elements and effects: profiles and self-presentation; networks and social mobilization; streams and social comparison; and messages and social connectedness. In the process, we describe features and affordances that comprise each element, underscoring the complexity of social media contexts as they shift to a central topic within psychology. Reflecting on this transitional state, we discuss how researchers will struggle to replicate the effects of dynamic social environments. Consequently, we outline the obstacles in isolating effects that reoccur across platforms, as well as the challenges and opportunities that come with measuring contexts across periods. By centering on the elements that define the online ecosystem, psychological research can establish a more durable foundation for replicating the effects of social media and chronicling the evolution of social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B. Bayer
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Penny Triệu
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;,
| | - Nicole B. Ellison
- School of Information, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA;,
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Danovitch JH. Growing up with Google: How children's understanding and use of internet‐based devices relates to cognitive development. HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hbe2.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Judith H. Danovitch
- Department of Psychological and Brain SciencesUniversity of Louisville Louisville Kentucky
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Puryear C, Vandello JA. Inflammatory Comments Elicit Less Outrage When Made in Anonymous Online Contexts. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550618806350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Digital communities often face difficulties in limiting inflammatory social exchanges. The present studies test one potential obstacle to combating malicious comments online: that characteristics of specific online environments dull emotional reactions to inflammatory speech. Across four studies, results suggest that online contexts, particularly those lacking social information such as names and profile pictures, attenuate negative reactions to malicious behavior relative to face-to-face contexts. Shifting expectations and perceptions of harm may partly account for varying outrage across face-to-face and digital environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi S. Baron
- Center for Teaching, Research, and Learning, Hurst 214, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20016, E-mail:
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