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Rainer LJ, Kuchukhidze G, Trinka E, Braun M, Kronbichler M, Langthaler P, Zimmermann G, Kronbichler L, Said-Yürekli S, Kirschner M, Zamarian L, Schmid E, Jokeit H, Höfler J. Recognition and perception of emotions in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy. Epilepsia 2023; 64:3319-3330. [PMID: 37795683 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perception and recognition of emotions are fundamental prerequisites of human life. Patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) may have emotional and behavioral impairments that might influence socially desirable interactions. We aimed to investigate perception and recognition of emotions in patients with JME by means of neuropsychological tests and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). METHODS Sixty-five patients with JME (median age = 27 years, interquartile range [IQR] = 23-34) were prospectively recruited at the Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria. Patients were compared to 68 healthy controls (median age = 24 years, IQR = 21-31), matched for sex, age, and education. All study participants underwent the Networks of Emotion Processing test battery (NEmo), an fMRI paradigm of "dynamic fearful faces," a structured interview for psychiatric and personality disorders, and comprehensive neuropsychological testing. RESULTS JME patients versus healthy controls demonstrated significant deficits in emotion recognition in facial and verbal tasks of all emotions, especially fear. fMRI revealed decreased amygdala activation in JME patients as compared to healthy controls. Patients were at a higher risk of experiencing psychiatric disorders as compared to healthy controls. Cognitive evaluation revealed impaired attentional and executive functioning, namely psychomotor speed, tonic alertness, divided attention, mental flexibility, and inhibition of automated reactions. Duration of epilepsy correlated negatively with parallel prosodic and facial emotion recognition in NEmo. Deficits in emotion recognition were not associated with psychiatric comorbidities, impaired attention and executive functions, types of seizures, and treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This prospective study demonstrated that as compared to healthy subjects, patients with JME had significant deficits in recognition and perception of emotions as shown by neuropsychological tests and fMRI. The results of this study may have importance for psychological/psychotherapeutic interventions in the management of patients with JME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Johannes Rainer
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Giorgi Kuchukhidze
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eugen Trinka
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Public Health, Health Services Research and Health Technology Assessment, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics, and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
- Karl-Landsteiner Institute for Neurorehabilitation and Space Neurology, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mario Braun
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience/Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience/Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Patrick Langthaler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Georg Zimmermann
- Team Biostatistics and Big Medical Data, Lab for Intelligent Data Analytics Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Research and Innovation Management, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lisa Kronbichler
- Neuroscience Institute, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sarah Said-Yürekli
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience/Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Margarita Kirschner
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Laura Zamarian
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Schmid
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Julia Höfler
- Department of Neurology, Christian Doppler University Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, member of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Salzburg, Austria
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2
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Yu H, Hutson AD. A robust Spearman correlation coefficient permutation test. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2022; 53:2141-2153. [PMID: 38646087 PMCID: PMC11029148 DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2022.2121144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we show that Spearman's correlation coefficient test about H 0 : ρ s = 0 found in most statistical software is theoretically incorrect and performs poorly when bivariate normality assumptions are not met or the sample size is small. There is common misconception that the tests about ρ s = 0 are robust to deviations from bivariate normality. However, we found under certain scenarios violation of the bivariate normality assumption has severe effects on type I error control for the common tests. To address this issue, we developed a robust permutation test for testing the hypothesis H 0 : ρ s = 0 based on an appropriately studentized statistic. We will show that the test is asymptotically valid in general settings. This was demonstrated by a comprehensive set of simulation studies, where the proposed test exhibits robust type I error control, even when the sample size is small. We also demonstrated the application of this test in two real world examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
| | - Alan D. Hutson
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center
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3
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Dobriban E. Consistency of invariance-based randomization tests. Ann Stat 2022. [DOI: 10.1214/22-aos2200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Dobriban
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania
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4
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A Multi-Aspect Permutation Test for Goodness-of-Fit Problems. STATS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stats5020035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parametric techniques commonly rely on specific distributional assumptions. It is therefore fundamental to preliminarily identify the eventual violations of such assumptions. Therefore, appropriate testing procedures are required for this purpose to deal with a the goodness-of-fit (GoF) problem. This task can be quite challenging, especially with small sample sizes and multivariate data. Previous studiesshowed how a GoF problem can be easily represented through a traditional two-sample system of hypotheses. Following this idea, in this paper, we propose a multi-aspect permutation-based test to deal with the multivariate goodness-of-fit, taking advantage of the nonparametric combination (NPC) methodology. A simulation study is then conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposal and to identify the eventual critical scenarios. Finally, a real data application is considered.
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5
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Wu Q, Vos P. Permutation confidence region for multiple regression and fidelity to asymptotic approximation. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2022.2076119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul Vos
- Department of Biostatistics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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6
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Hoang AT, Dickhaus T. Combining independent p-values in replicability analysis: a comparative study. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2021.2022678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Tuan Hoang
- Institute for Statistics, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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7
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Christensen WF, Zabriskie BN. When Your Permutation Test is Doomed to Fail. AM STAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00031305.2021.1902856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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8
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Planell N, Lagani V, Sebastian-Leon P, van der Kloet F, Ewing E, Karathanasis N, Urdangarin A, Arozarena I, Jagodic M, Tsamardinos I, Tarazona S, Conesa A, Tegner J, Gomez-Cabrero D. STATegra: Multi-Omics Data Integration - A Conceptual Scheme With a Bioinformatics Pipeline. Front Genet 2021; 12:620453. [PMID: 33747045 PMCID: PMC7970106 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.620453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Technologies for profiling samples using different omics platforms have been at the forefront since the human genome project. Large-scale multi-omics data hold the promise of deciphering different regulatory layers. Yet, while there is a myriad of bioinformatics tools, each multi-omics analysis appears to start from scratch with an arbitrary decision over which tools to use and how to combine them. Therefore, it is an unmet need to conceptualize how to integrate such data and implement and validate pipelines in different cases. We have designed a conceptual framework (STATegra), aiming it to be as generic as possible for multi-omics analysis, combining available multi-omic anlaysis tools (machine learning component analysis, non-parametric data combination, and a multi-omics exploratory analysis) in a step-wise manner. While in several studies, we have previously combined those integrative tools, here, we provide a systematic description of the STATegra framework and its validation using two The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) case studies. For both, the Glioblastoma and the Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (SKCM) cases, we demonstrate an enhanced capacity of the framework (and beyond the individual tools) to identify features and pathways compared to single-omics analysis. Such an integrative multi-omics analysis framework for identifying features and components facilitates the discovery of new biology. Finally, we provide several options for applying the STATegra framework when parametric assumptions are fulfilled and for the case when not all the samples are profiled for all omics. The STATegra framework is built using several tools, which are being integrated step-by-step as OpenSource in the STATegRa Bioconductor package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Planell
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lagani
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
- Gnosis Data Analysis P.C., Heraklion, Greece
| | - Patricia Sebastian-Leon
- Department of Genomic and Systems Reproductive Medicine, IVI-RMA (Instituto Valenciano de Infertilidad – Reproductive Medicine Associates) IVI Foundation, Valencia, Spain
| | - Frans van der Kloet
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ewoud Ewing
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nestoras Karathanasis
- Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Arantxa Urdangarin
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Imanol Arozarena
- Cancer Signalling Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Health Research Institute of Navarre (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maja Jagodic
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioannis Tsamardinos
- Gnosis Data Analysis P.C., Heraklion, Greece
- Computer Science Department, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sonia Tarazona
- Department of Applied Statistics, Operations Research and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Ana Conesa
- Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute for Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jesper Tegner
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Solna, Sweden
| | - David Gomez-Cabrero
- Translational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Computational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mucosal & Salivary Biology DivisionKing’s College London Dental Institute, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Konietschke F, Schwab K, Pauly M. Small sample sizes: A big data problem in high-dimensional data analysis. Stat Methods Med Res 2020; 30:687-701. [PMID: 33228480 PMCID: PMC8008424 DOI: 10.1177/0962280220970228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In many experiments and especially in translational and preclinical research, sample sizes are (very) small. In addition, data designs are often high dimensional, i.e. more dependent than independent replications of the trial are observed. The present paper discusses the applicability of max t-test-type statistics (multiple contrast tests) in high-dimensional designs (repeated measures or multivariate) with small sample sizes. A randomization-based approach is developed to approximate the distribution of the maximum statistic. Extensive simulation studies confirm that the new method is particularly suitable for analyzing data sets with small sample sizes. A real data set illustrates the application of the methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Konietschke
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Anna-Louisa-Karsch-Straße 2, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karima Schwab
- Institute of Pharmacology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Pauly
- Department of Statistics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Arboretti R, Ceccato R, Salmaso L. Permutation testing for goodness-of-fit and stochastic ordering with multivariate mixed variables. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2020.1836182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Arboretti
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Riccardo Ceccato
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Salmaso
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
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11
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Hemerik J, Goeman JJ, Finos L. Robust testing in generalized linear models by sign flipping score contributions. J R Stat Soc Series B Stat Methodol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/rssb.12369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Winkler AM, Greve DN, Bjuland KJ, Nichols TE, Sabuncu MR, Håberg AK, Skranes J, Rimol LM. Joint Analysis of Cortical Area and Thickness as a Replacement for the Analysis of the Volume of the Cerebral Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:738-749. [PMID: 29190325 PMCID: PMC5972607 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical surface area is an increasingly used brain morphology metric that is ontogenetically and phylogenetically distinct from cortical thickness and offers a separate index of neurodevelopment and disease. However, the various existing methods for assessment of cortical surface area from magnetic resonance images have never been systematically compared. We show that the surface area method implemented in FreeSurfer corresponds closely to the exact, but computationally more demanding, mass-conservative (pycnophylactic) method, provided that images are smoothed. Thus, the data produced by this method can be interpreted as estimates of cortical surface area, as opposed to areal expansion. In addition, focusing on the joint analysis of thickness and area, we compare an improved, analytic method for measuring cortical volume to a permutation-based nonparametric combination (NPC) method. We use the methods to analyze area, thickness and volume in young adults born preterm with very low birth weight, and show that NPC analysis is a more sensitive option for studying joint effects on area and thickness, giving equal weight to variation in both of these 2 morphological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.,Big Data Analytics Group, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP 05652-900, Brazil
| | - Douglas N Greve
- Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/ Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Knut J Bjuland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.,Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Mert R Sabuncu
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Asta K Håberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Department of Radiology, St. Olav's Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Jon Skranes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Department of Pediatrics, Sørlandet Hospital, 4838 Arendal, Norway
| | - Lars M Rimol
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7030, Norway.,Norwegian Advisory Unit for Functional MRI, Department of Radiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim 7006, Norway
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13
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Pawar SD, Shirke DT. Nonparametric tests for multivariate multi-sample locations based on data depth. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2019.1590577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somanath D. Pawar
- Department of Statistics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Digambar T. Shirke
- Department of Statistics, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
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14
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Arboretti R, Bathke AC, Carrozzo E, Pesarin F, Salmaso L. Multivariate permutation tests for two sample testing in presence of nondetects with application to microarray data. Stat Methods Med Res 2019; 29:258-271. [PMID: 30799774 DOI: 10.1177/0962280219832225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Very often, data collected in medical research are characterized by censored observations and/or data with mass on the value zero. This happens for example when some measurements fall below the detection limits of the specific instrument used. This type of left censored observations is called "nondetects". Such a situation of an excessive number of zeros in a data set is also referred to as zero-inflated data. In the present work, we aim at comparing different multivariate permutation procedures in two-sample testing for data with nondetects. The effect of censoring is investigated with regard to the different values that may be attributed to nondetected values, both under the null hypothesis and under alternative. We motivate the problem using data from allergy research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Arboretti
- Department of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Arne C Bathke
- Department of Mathematics, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria.,Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Eleonora Carrozzo
- Department of Management Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Salmaso
- Department of Management Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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15
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Sulewski P. Some contributions to practice of 2 × 2 contingency tables. J Appl Stat 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02664763.2018.1552665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Sulewski
- Institute of Mathematics, The Pomeranian Academy, Słupsk, Poland
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16
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Arboretti R, Ceccato R, Corain L, Ronchi F, Salmaso L. Multivariate small sample tests for two-way designs with applications to industrial statistics. Stat Pap (Berl) 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00362-018-1032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Yang JJ, Trucco EM, Buu A. A hybrid method of the sequential Monte Carlo and the Edgeworth expansion for computation of very small p-values in permutation tests. Stat Methods Med Res 2018; 28:2937-2951. [PMID: 30073912 DOI: 10.1177/0962280218791918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Permutation tests are very useful when parametric assumptions are violated or distributions of test statistics are mathematically intractable. The major advantage of permutation tests is that the procedure is so general that it is applicable to most test statistics. The computational expense is, however, impractical in high-dimensional settings such as genomewide association studies. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing methods that can compute very small p-values efficiently. A common issue with existing methods is that they can only be applied to a specific test statistic. To fill in the knowledge gap, we propose a hybrid method of the sequential Monte Carlo and the Edgeworth expansion approximation for a studentized statistic, which is applicable to a variety of test statistics. The simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than competing methods. Furthermore, applications of the proposed method are demonstrated by statistical analysis on the genomewide association studies data from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Yang
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anne Buu
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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18
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Giacalone M, Agata Z, Cozzucoli PC, Alibrandi A. Bonferroni-Holm and permutation tests to compare health data: methodological and applicative issues. BMC Med Res Methodol 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 30029629 PMCID: PMC6054729 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-018-0540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statistical methodology is a powerful tool in the health research; however, there is wide accord that statistical methodologies are not usually used properly. In particular when multiple comparisons are needed, it is necessary to check the rate of false positive results and the potential inflation of type I errors. In this case, permutation testing methods are useful to check the simultaneous significance level and identify the most significant factors. METHODS In this paper an application of permutation tests, in the medical context of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, is performed. The main goal is to assess the existence of significant differences between Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). The Sequentially Rejective Multiple Test (Bonferroni-Holm procedure) is used to find which of the partial tests are effectively significant and solve the problem of the multiplicity control. RESULTS Applying Non-Parametric Combination (NPC) Test for partial and combined tests we conclude that Crohn's Disease patients and Ulcerative Colitis patients differ between them for most examined variables. UC patients compared with the CD patients, have a higher diagnosis age, not show smoking status, proportion of patients treated with immunosuppressants or with biological drugs is lower than the CD patients, even if the duration of such therapies is longer. CD patients have a higher rate of re-hospitalization. Diabetes is more present in the sub-population of UC patients. Analyzing the Charlson score we can highlight that UC patients have a more severe clinical situation than CD patients. Finally, CD patients are more frequently subject to surgery compared to UC. Appling of the Bonferroni Holm procedure, which provided adjusted p-values, we note that only nine of the examined variables are statistically significant: Smoking habit, Immunosuppressive therapy, Surgery, Biological Drug, Diabetes, Adverse Events, Re-hospitalization, Gender and Duration of Immunosoppressive Therapy. Therefore, we can conclude that these are the specific variables that can discriminate effectively the Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis groups. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant variables that discriminate the two groups, satisfying the multiplicity problem, in fact we can affirm that Smoking habit, Immunosuppressive therapy, Surgery, Biological Drug, Diabetes, Adverse Events, Hospitalization, Gender and Duration of Immunosoppressive Therapy are the effectively significant variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Giacalone
- Department of Economics and Statistics, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Zirilli Agata
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Paolo Carmelo Cozzucoli
- Department of Economics, Statistics and Finance, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende Cosenza, Italy
| | - Angela Alibrandi
- Department of Economics, Unit of Statistical and Mathematical Sciences, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
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19
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Friedrich S, Brunner E, Pauly M. Permuting longitudinal data in spite of the dependencies. J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Montelli S, Suman M, Corain L, Cozzi B, Peruffo A. Sexually Diergic Trophic Effects of Estradiol Exposure on Developing Bovine Cerebellar Granule Cells. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 104:51-71. [PMID: 26882349 DOI: 10.1159/000444528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In the mammalian brain, the differentiation of neural cells and the developmental organization of the underlying circuitry are influenced by steroid hormones. The estrogen 17-β estradiol (E2) is one of the most potent regulators of neural growth during prenatal life, synthetized locally from steroid precursors including prenatal testicular testosterone. Estradiol promotes brain differentiation counting sexually dimorphic neural circuits by binding to the estrogen receptors, ER-α and ER-β. The cerebellum has been described as a site of estrogen action and a potentially sexually dimorphic area. The goal of this study was to analyze the capacity of E2 to affect the growth of male and female fetal bovine cerebellar granule. We performed primary cultures of fetal cerebellar granules, and verified the mRNA expression of the ER-α and ER-β in both sexes. Moreover, the distribution of ERs in the male and female cerebellar granules of the second fetal stage was characterized by immunohistochemistry. We measured morphological parameters in presence (or absence) of estradiol administration, focusing on the variations of the dendritic branching pattern of granule neurons. By using the nonparametric combination and permutation testing approach, we proposed a sophisticated multivariate statistical analysis to demonstrate that E2 induces multifarious and dimorphic changes in the granule cells. E2 exerts trophic effects in both female and male granules and this effect is stronger in female. Male granules treated with E2 became similar to female control granule. Bos taurus species has a long gestation and a large brain that offers an interesting alternative in comparative neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Montelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science of the University of Padova, Legnaro, taly
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21
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Ganju J, Julie Ma G. The potential for increased power from combining P-values testing the same hypothesis. Stat Methods Med Res 2016; 26:64-74. [PMID: 24919832 DOI: 10.1177/0962280214538016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The conventional approach to hypothesis testing for formal inference is to prespecify a single test statistic thought to be optimal. However, we usually have more than one test statistic in mind for testing the null hypothesis of no treatment effect but we do not know which one is the most powerful. Rather than relying on a single p-value, combining p-values from prespecified multiple test statistics can be used for inference. Combining functions include Fisher's combination test and the minimum p-value. Using randomization-based tests, the increase in power can be remarkable when compared with a single test and Simes's method. The versatility of the method is that it also applies when the number of covariates exceeds the number of observations. The increase in power is large enough to prefer combined p-values over a single p-value. The limitation is that the method does not provide an unbiased estimator of the treatment effect and does not apply to situations when the model includes treatment by covariate interaction.
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Arboretti Giancristofaro R, Bonnini S, Corain L, Salmaso L. Dependency and truncated forms of combinations in multivariate combination-based permutation tests and ordered categorical variables. J STAT COMPUT SIM 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00949655.2016.1177826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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23
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Winkler AM, Webster MA, Brooks JC, Tracey I, Smith SM, Nichols TE. Non-parametric combination and related permutation tests for neuroimaging. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:1486-511. [PMID: 26848101 PMCID: PMC4783210 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we show how permutation methods can be applied to combination analyses such as those that include multiple imaging modalities, multiple data acquisitions of the same modality, or simply multiple hypotheses on the same data. Using the well-known definition of union-intersection tests and closed testing procedures, we use synchronized permutations to correct for such multiplicity of tests, allowing flexibility to integrate imaging data with different spatial resolutions, surface and/or volume-based representations of the brain, including non-imaging data. For the problem of joint inference, we propose and evaluate a modification of the recently introduced non-parametric combination (NPC) methodology, such that instead of a two-phase algorithm and large data storage requirements, the inference can be performed in a single phase, with reasonable computational demands. The method compares favorably to classical multivariate tests (such as MANCOVA), even when the latter is assessed using permutations. We also evaluate, in the context of permutation tests, various combining methods that have been proposed in the past decades, and identify those that provide the best control over error rate and power across a range of situations. We show that one of these, the method of Tippett, provides a link between correction for the multiplicity of tests and their combination. Finally, we discuss how the correction can solve certain problems of multiple comparisons in one-way ANOVA designs, and how the combination is distinguished from conjunctions, even though both can be assessed using permutation tests. We also provide a common algorithm that accommodates combination and correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson M Winkler
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A Webster
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan C Brooks
- Clinical Research and Imaging Centre, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Tracey
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas E Nichols
- Oxford Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Department of Statistics & Warwick Manufacturing Group, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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Brombin C, Salmaso L, Fontanella L, Ippoliti L. Nonparametric combination-based tests in dynamic shape analysis. J Nonparametr Stat 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10485252.2015.1071811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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26
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Pauly M, Ellenberger D, Brunner E. Analysis of high-dimensional one group repeated measures designs. STATISTICS-ABINGDON 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/02331888.2015.1050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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[Statistical tests in medical research: traditional methods vs. multivariate NPC permutation tests]. Urologia 2015; 82:130-6. [PMID: 25907894 DOI: 10.5301/uro.5000117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Statistical tests in medical research: traditional methods vs. multivariate npc permutation tests.Within medical research, a useful statistical tool is based on hypotheses testing in terms of the so-called null, that is the treatment has no effect, and alternative hypotheses, that is the treatment has some effects. By controlling the risks of wrong decisions, empirical data are used in order to possibly reject the null hypotheses in favour of the alternative, so that demonstrating the efficacy of a treatment of interest. The multivariate permutation tests, based on the nonparametric combination - NPC method, provide an innovative, robust and effective hypotheses testing solution to many real problems that are commonly encountered in medical research when multiple end-points are observed. This paper discusses the various approaches to hypothesis testing and the main advantages of NPC tests, which consist in the fact that they require much less stringent assumptions than traditional statistical tests. Moreover, the related results may be extended to the reference population even in case of selection-bias, that is non-random sampling. In this work, we review and discuss some basic testing procedures along with the theoretical and practical relevance of NPC tests showing their effectiveness in medical research. Within the non-parametric methods, NPC tests represent the current "frontier" of statistical research, but already widely available in the practice of analysis of clinical data.
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28
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Härdle WK, Ritov Y, Wang W. Tie the straps: Uniform bootstrap confidence bands for semiparametric additive models. J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Arboretti R, Bonnini S, Corain L, Salmaso L. A permutation approach for ranking of multivariate populations. J MULTIVARIATE ANAL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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30
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Salmaso L. Combination-Based Permutation Tests: Equipower Property and Power Behavior in Presence of Correlation. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2013.810270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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31
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Alfieri R, Bonnini S, Brombin C, Castoro C, Salmaso L. Iterated combination-based paired permutation tests to determine shape effects of chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer. Stat Methods Med Res 2012; 25:598-614. [PMID: 23070597 DOI: 10.1177/0962280212461981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nonparametric combination of dependent permutation tests method is a useful general tool when a testing problem can be broken down into a set of different k > 1 partial tests. These partial tests, after adjustment of p-values to control for multiplicity, can be marginally analyzed, but jointly considered they can provide information on an overall hypothesis, which might represent the true goal of the testing problem. On the one hand, independence among the partial tests is usually an unrealistic assumption; on the other, even when the underlying dependence relations are known quite often they are difficult to cope with properly. Therefore this combination must be achieved nonparametrically, by implicitly taking into account the dependence structure of tests without explicitly describing it. An important property of the tests based on nonparametric combination methodology, when the number of response variables is high compared to the sample sizes, consists in the finite sample consistency. A practical problem involves choosing the most suitable combining function for each specific testing problem given that the final result can be affected by this crucial choice. The purpose of this article is to present an nonparametric combination solution based on the iterated combination of partial tests, evaluate its power behavior using a Monte Carlo simulation study and apply it to a real medical problem, namely the evaluation of the effects of chemotherapy on the shape of esophageal tumors. R code has been implemented to carry out the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Alfieri
- Surgical Oncology, Veneto Oncology Institute-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonnini
- Department of Economics and Management, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Brombin
- CUSSB (University Centre of Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo Castoro
- Surgical Oncology, Veneto Oncology Institute-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Salmaso
- Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy
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34
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Brombin C, Di Serio C. Evaluating treatment effect within a multivariate stochastic ordering framework: Nonparametric combination methodology applied to a study on multiple sclerosis. Stat Methods Med Res 2012; 25:366-84. [PMID: 22843205 DOI: 10.1177/0962280212454203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune complex disease that affects the central nervous system. It has a multitude of symptoms that are observed in different people in many different ways. At this time, there is no definite cure for multiple sclerosis. However, therapies that slow the progression of disability, controlling symptoms and helping patients to maintain a normal quality of life, are available. We will focus on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with interferons or glatiramer acetate. These treatments have been shown to be effective, but their relative effectiveness has not been well established yet. To assess the superiority of a treatment, instead of classical parametric methods, we propose a statistical approach within the permutation setting and the nonparametric combination of dependent permutation tests. In this framework, we may easily handle with hypothesis testing problems for multivariate monotonic stochastic ordering. This approach has been motivated by the analysis of a large observational Italian multicentre study on multiple sclerosis, with several continuous and categorical outcomes measured at multiple time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brombin
- University Centre for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Serio
- University Centre for Statistics in the Biomedical Sciences, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy
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35
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Brombin C, Midena E, Salmaso L. Robust non-parametric tests for complex-repeated measures problems in ophthalmology. Stat Methods Med Res 2011; 22:643-60. [PMID: 21705436 DOI: 10.1177/0962280211403659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The NonParametric Combination methodology (NPC) of dependent permutation tests allows the experimenter to face many complex multivariate testing problems and represents a convincing and powerful alternative to standard parametric methods. The main advantage of this approach lies in its flexibility in handling any type of variable (categorical and quantitative, with or without missing values) while at the same time taking dependencies among those variables into account without the need of modelling them. NPC methodology enables to deal with repeated measures, paired data, restricted alternative hypotheses, missing data (completely at random or not), high-dimensional and small sample size data. Hence, NPC methodology can offer a significant contribution to successful research in biomedical studies with several endpoints, since it provides reasonably efficient solutions and clear interpretations of inferential results. Pesarin F. Multivariate permutation tests: with application in biostatistics. Chichester-New York: John Wiley &Sons, 2001; Pesarin F, Salmaso L. Permutation tests for complex data: theory, applications and software. Chichester, UK: John Wiley &Sons, 2010. We focus on non-parametric permutation solutions to two real-case studies in ophthalmology, concerning complex-repeated measures problems. For each data set, different analyses are presented, thus highlighting characteristic aspects of the data structure itself. Our goal is to present different solutions to multivariate complex case studies, guiding researchers/readers to choose, from various possible interpretations of a problem, the one that has the highest flexibility and statistical power under a set of less stringent assumptions. MATLAB code has been implemented to carry out the analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Brombin
- 1Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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