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Kodjikian L, Arias Barquet L, Papp A, Kertes PJ, Midena E, Ernest J, Silva R, Schmelter T, Niesen T, Leal S. Intravitreal Aflibercept for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Beyond One Year of Treatment: AZURE, a Randomized Trial of Treat-and-Extend vs. Fixed Dosing. Adv Ther 2024; 41:1010-1024. [PMID: 38183525 PMCID: PMC10879225 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-023-02719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AZURE was a 76-week, randomized, open-label, parallel-group, phase IIIb noninferiority study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in a treat-and-extend (T&E) regimen with fixed dosing in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) previously receiving IVT-AFL for ≥ 1 year. METHODS Patients were aged ≥ 51 years and had completed ≥ 1 year of IVT-AFL treatment prior to enrollment (IVT-AFL once per month [- 1 or + 2 weeks] for 3 months followed by IVT-AFL every 2 months [6-12 weeks]). Patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive IVT-AFL 2 mg in either a T&E (minimum treatment interval of 8 weeks with no upper limit, adjusted according to functional and anatomic outcomes, as assessed by the investigator; n = 168), or a fixed dosing regimen (treatment every 8 weeks [± 3 days]; n = 168). The primary endpoint was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) change from baseline to week (W) 52. The key secondary endpoint was the proportion of patients maintaining vision (< 15-letter loss) at W52. RESULTS The full analysis set comprised 332 patients (T&E: n = 165; fixed dosing: n = 167). Mean BCVA change (baseline to W52) was - 0.3 ± 7.5 vs. - 0.5 ± 8.4 letters (T&E vs. fixed dosing; least-squares mean difference [95% CI]: 0.22 [- 1.51 to 1.96] letters; P < 0.0001 for noninferiority test [5-letter margin]). From baseline to W52, 95.2% (T&E) and 94.0% (fixed dosing) of patients maintained vision. Mean central subfield thickness change from baseline to W52 was - 24 ± 55 (T&E) and - 33 ± 47 (fixed dosing) µm. Last treatment interval to W76 was ≥ 12 weeks for 37.0% of T&E patients. No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION IVT-AFL T&E can achieve similar functional and anatomic outcomes to fixed dosing every 8 weeks over 52 weeks in patients with nAMD who have completed ≥ 1 year of treatment, while reducing treatment burden. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02540954.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Kodjikian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Croix-Rousse Teaching Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- UMR-CNRS 5510 Matéis, Villeurbanne, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Lluís Arias Barquet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - András Papp
- Department of Ophthalmology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter J Kertes
- The John and Liz Tory Eye Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Jan Ernest
- Axon Clinical Research Center, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rufino Silva
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research Faculty of Medicine (iCBR-FMUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
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Cosmo E, Frizziero L, Schiavon S, Cattelan AM, Leoni D, Capizzi A, Torresin T, Midena G, Armato Smaniotto Dai Roveri E, Parrozzani R, Midena E. The neurovascular retinal involvement in a large population of patients recovered from COVID-19: an OCT and OCT angiography study. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-02991-9. [PMID: 38402287 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-02991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the neuronal and microvascular retinal and choroidal involvement in COVID-19 recovered patients using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). METHODS This observational cross-sectional study recruited patients recovered from COVID-19 and a group of healthy controls for comparisons. OCT (peripapillary scan and macular map) and OCTA (macular map) were performed to obtain: the central subfield thickness (CST), the macular volume (MV), the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) thickness, the vessel area density (VAD), vessel length fraction (VLF), vessel diameter index (VDI) and fractal dimension (FD) of the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), intermediate capillary plexus (ICP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), and the vessel density (VD), stromal density (SD) and vascular/stromal (V/S) ratio of the choriocapillaris (CC) and choroid (Ch). Data regarding disease severity, administered therapy and prior comorbidities were collected. RESULTS We recruited 676 eyes from 338 patients and 98 eyes from 49 healthy controls. VAD of all the three retinal plexuses, VLF and VDI of ICP and DCP and VD of CC were significantly reduced in patients versus controls. No differences were found in CST, MV and pRNFL. A multivariate analysis showed that oxygen therapy, previous cardio/cerebrovascular events and hypertension negatively influenced vascular parameters. CONCLUSION A microvascular retinal and choriocapillaris damage may be identified secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection, even after recovery. OCTA may represent a reproducible and non-invasive tool to assess microangiopathy in these patients, with particular regard to those with previous cardio/cerebrovascular events, hypertension and those who received oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cosmo
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Cattelan
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Leoni
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Alfio Capizzi
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Raffaele Parrozzani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128, Padova, Italy.
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198, Rome, Italy.
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Mariotti C, Mangoni L, Iorio S, Lombardo V, Fruttini D, Rizzo C, Chhablani J, Midena E, Lupidi M. Novel Artificial Intelligence-Based Assessment of Imaging Biomarkers in Full-Thickness Macular Holes: Preliminary Data from a Pivotal Trial. J Clin Med 2024; 13:628. [PMID: 38276134 PMCID: PMC10816123 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13020628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI)- and deep learning (DL)-based systems have shown significant progress in the field of macular disorders, demonstrating high performance in detecting retinal fluid and assessing anatomical changes during disease progression. This study aimed to validate an AI algorithm for identifying and quantifying prognostic factors in visual recovery after macular hole (MH) surgery by analyzing major optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarkers. This study included 20 patients who underwent vitrectomy for a full-thickness macular hole (FTMH). The mean diameter of the FTMH was measured at 285.36 ± 97.4 μm. The preoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.76 ± 0.06 logMAR, improving to 0.38 ± 0.16 postoperatively, with a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). AI software was utilized to assess biomarkers, such as intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) volume, external limiting membrane (ELM) and ellipsoid zone (EZ) integrity, and retinal hyperreflective foci (HRF). The AI analysis showed a significant decrease in IRF volume, from 0.08 ± 0.12 mm3 preoperatively to 0.01 ± 0.01 mm3 postoperatively. ELM interruption improved from 79% ± 18% to 34% ± 37% after surgery (p = 0.006), whereas EZ interruption improved from 80% ± 22% to 40% ± 36% (p = 0.007) postoperatively. Additionally, the study revealed a negative correlation between preoperative IRF volume and postoperative BCVA recovery, suggesting that greater preoperative fluid volumes may hinder visual improvement. The integrity of the ELM and EZ was found to be essential for postoperative visual acuity improvement, with their disruption negatively impacting visual recovery. The study highlights the potential of AI in quantifying OCT biomarkers for managing MHs and improving patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Mariotti
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (S.I.)
| | - Lorenzo Mangoni
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (S.I.)
| | - Silvia Iorio
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (S.I.)
| | - Veronica Lombardo
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (S.I.)
| | - Daniela Fruttini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Rizzo
- Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lupidi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy (S.I.)
- Fondazione per la Macula Onlus, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, Oftalmologia, Genetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), University Eye Clinic, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Midena G, Parrozzani R, Frizziero L, Esposito G, Micera A, Midena E. Expression of GNAQ, BAP1, SF3B1, and EIF1AX Proteins in the Aqueous Humor of Eyes Affected by Uveal Melanoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:15. [PMID: 38175637 PMCID: PMC10774693 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.1.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to quantify specific aqueous humor (AH) proteins in eyes affected by posterior uveal melanoma (UM). Methods Thirty-six eyes affected by primary UM were included. Tumor thickness and largest basal diameter were specific clinical characteristics. Tumors were staged with the American Joint Commission on Cancer Eighth Edition (AJCC) classification. During the brachytherapy (Iodine-125) surgical procedure, both the AH sample collection and the 25-gauge transscleral fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) were performed. AH samples were analyzed by immunoprecipitation and SDS PAGE techniques to quantify GNAQ, BAP1, SF3B1, and EIF1AX proteins. Cytologic material underwent fluorescence in situ hybridization for chromosome 3. The AH of 36 healthy eyes was used as the control group. Cluster analysis of groups was also performed. Results Compared with the control group, significantly higher protein levels of: GNAQ (P = 0.02), BAP1 (P = 0.01), and SF3B1 (P = 0.02) were detected in eyes with UM. Cluster analysis of UM group revealed 2 clusters, one showing higher expression of GNAQ and BAP1 protein and one of EIF1AX protein. Moreover, the 2 clusters corresponded with the chromosome 3 status of UM. Conclusions Specific and selected proteins may be detected in the AH of eyes affected by UM. These findings confirm the possibilities provided by AH analysis in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS–Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pilotto E, Cosmo E, Torresin T, Coppola M, Gutierrez De Rubalcava Doblas J, Midena G, Moretti C, Midena E. Outer Retinal and Choroidal Changes in Adolescents with Long-Lasting Type 1 Diabetes. J Clin Med 2023; 13:229. [PMID: 38202235 PMCID: PMC10779656 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess outer retinal layer (ORL), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choroid (Ch) and choriocapillaris (CC) modifications in adolescents with long-lasting (>10 years) type 1 diabetes (T1D) without (noDR) or with diabetic retinopathy (DR). ORL and RPE thickness were measured at optical coherence tomography (OCT) macular scans. Vascular parameters of Ch and CC were quantified after elaboration of macular OCT-angiography (OCTA) images. Insulin dose and auxological and metabolic parameters were correlated with OCT and OCTA findings in patients. ORL thickness was higher in DR eyes than in noDR and healthy controls (HC), and RPE thickness was higher in noDR and DR eyes than in HC, with statistical significance for some sectors in noDR versus HC. No OCTA parameters of CC and Ch differed among groups, and no significant correlation was observed with auxological and metabolic parameters. In conclusion, ORL and RPE were both increased in adolescents with long-lasting T1D. Such changes were not associated with insulin dose and glycemia control, nor to any choroid or choriocapillaris flow change clinically detectable at OCTA, and they could be potential imaging biomarkers of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (T.T.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Cosmo
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (T.T.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (T.T.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Marco Coppola
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (T.T.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
| | | | | | - Carlo Moretti
- Pediatric Diabetes Unit, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (J.G.D.R.D.); (C.M.)
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (E.C.); (T.T.); (M.C.); (E.M.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy;
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Frizziero L, Salvalaggio A, Cosmo E, Cipriani A, Midena E, Briani C. Ophthalmological involvement in wild-type transthyretin amyloidosis: A multimodal imaging study. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2023; 28:586-596. [PMID: 37552555 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ophthalmological abnormalities have been reported in hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTRv, v for variant) but not in wild-type transthyretin-related amyloidosis (ATTRwt). METHODS Patients with ATTRwt, ATTRv, and light chain amyloidosis (AL) and healthy subjects (controls) underwent complete eye examination, including optical coherence tomography (OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). RESULTS Seventeen ATTRwt, nine ATTRv, two ATTRv carriers, and seven AL patients were enrolled. Compared with other groups, ATTRwt patients had 10 letters lower visual acuity and a higher prevalence of glaucoma, cataract, and retinal pigment epithelium alterations. In the whole group of patients, especially in ATTRwt, we observed (1) a reduced corneal nerve fiber length and more tortuous stromal nerves at CCM, (2) a reduced macular volume and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness at OCT, and (3) impairment of peripapillary and macular vascularization at OCTA. INTERPRETATION Ophthalmological abnormalities are common in ATTRwt, significantly impairing visual acuity. Noninvasive imaging modalities allow for the identification of small nerve fibers and small vessel damage, which may represent further warning signs for early diagnosis of ATTRwt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Cosmo
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Cardiology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Briani
- Department of Neuroscience-Neurology Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Ríos HA, Lövestam-Adrian M, Plainis S, Tsilimbaris M, Joussen AM, Keegan D, Charles M, Cunha-Vaz J, Midena E. Additional measures of macular function beyond visual acuity. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2023:10.1007/s00417-023-06272-1. [PMID: 37938378 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Visual function is a complex process in which external visual stimuli are interpreted. Patients with retinal diseases and prolonged follow-up times may experience changes in their visual function that are not detected by the standard visual acuity measure, as they are a result of other alterations in visual function. With the advancement of different methods to evaluate visual function, additional measurements have become available, and further standardization suggests that some methods may be promising for use in clinical trials or routine clinical practice. The objectives of this article are to review these additional measurements and to provide guidance on their application. METHODS The Vision Academy's membership of international retinal disease experts reviewed the literature and developed consensus recommendations for the application of additional measures of visual function in routine clinical practice or clinical trials. RESULTS Measures such as low-luminance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, retinal fixation and microperimetry, and reading performance are measures which can complement visual acuity measurements to provide an assessment of overall visual function, including impact on patients' quality of life. Measures such as dark adaptation, color vision testing, binocular vision testing, visual recognition testing, and shape discrimination require further optimization and validation before they can be implemented in everyday clinical practice. CONCLUSION Additional measurements of visual function may help identify patients who could benefit from earlier diagnosis, detection of disease progression, and therapeutic intervention. New and additional functional clinical trial endpoints are required to fully understand the early stages of macular disease, its progression, and the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Andrés Ríos
- Retina y Vítreo, Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Sotiris Plainis
- Laboratory of Optics and Vision, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Miltiadis Tsilimbaris
- Laboratory of Optics and Vision, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - David Keegan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - José Cunha-Vaz
- AIBILI - Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
- IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
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Midena E, Zennaro L, Lapo C, Torresin T, Midena G, Frizziero L. Comparison of 50° handheld fundus camera versus ultra-widefield table-top fundus camera for diabetic retinopathy detection and grading. Eye (Lond) 2023; 37:2994-2999. [PMID: 36854818 PMCID: PMC10516928 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the performance of a handheld fundus camera with standard 50° visual field to ultra-widefield (UWF) table-top fundus camera in diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection and grading. METHODS Patients affected by diabetes mellitus and referred to our diabetic retinopathy clinic were enroled and underwent fundus photography in mydriasis. All photos were taken using the ultra-widefield table-top fundus camera Zeiss Clarus™ 500 (four fields per eye) and the Optomed Aurora® handheld fundus camera (3 fields per eye). The following parameters were analysed: the gradability of the images, the grade of DR, and diabetic maculopathy (DM), the presence of hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and the presence of other ocular diseases. RESULTS We enroled 759 eyes of 384 diabetic patients and analysed 5313 fundus photos. The handheld fundus camera obtained a sensitivity of 84.2% and specificity of 95.4% for referable cases. Moreover, it obtained, compared to UWF, an almost perfect agreement with linear weighting for DR, DM and HR (k = 0.877, k = 0.854, and k = 0.961, respectively). The lowest sensitivity was achieved for proliferative DR (58.7% sensitivity, 100% specificity). CONCLUSIONS Optomed Aurora® handheld fundus camera imaging showed a strong agreement compared to UWF in grading DR, considering all DR and DM grades, in mydriasis. However, the use of UWF imaging increases the detection of referable eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca Zennaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Cristian Lapo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Midena E, Torresin T, Schiavon S, Danieli L, Polo C, Pilotto E, Midena G, Frizziero L. The Disorganization of Retinal Inner Layers Is Correlated to Müller Cells Impairment in Diabetic Macular Edema: An Imaging and Omics Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119607. [PMID: 37298558 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) biomarker strictly associated with visual outcomes in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) whose pathophysiology is still unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize in vivo, using retinal imaging and liquid biopsy, DRIL in eyes with DME. This was an observational cross-sectional study. Patients affected by center-involved DME were enrolled. All patients underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and proteomic analysis of aqueous humor (AH). The presence of DRIL at OCT was analyzed by two masked retinal experts. Fifty-seven biochemical biomarkers were analyzed from AH samples. Nineteen eyes of nineteen DME patients were enrolled. DRIL was present in 10 patients (52.63%). No statistically significant difference was found between DME eyes with and without DRIL, considering the AH concentration of all the analyzed biomarkers except for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a biomarker of Müller cells dysfunction (p = 0.02). In conclusion, DRIL, in DME eyes, seems to strictly depend on a major dysfunction of Müller cells, explaining its role not only as imaging biomarker, but also as visual function Müller cells-related parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Schiavon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Polo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
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Freeman WR, Bandello F, Souied E, Guymer RH, Garg SJ, Chen FK, Rich R, Holz FG, Patel SS, Kim K, López FJ, Guymer R, Korobelnik JF, Souied E, Holz F, Ziemssen F, Bandello F, Campos E, Grignolo/Eandi C, Midena E, Peiretti E, Staurenghi G, Viola F, Bailey C, Esposti SD, Jackson T, Menon G, Pagliarini S, Quhill F, Antoszyk A, Brooks L, Callanan D, Csaky K, Edwards A, Eichenbaum D, Freeman W, Garg S, Ghuman AT, Gonzalez V, Gupta S, Hamilton R, Khurana R, Kunimoto D, Kuppermann B, Lauer A, Lee SY, Maturi R, Patel S, Reddy R, Rich R, Rivellese M, Rose S, Segal Z, Wong R. Randomized Phase 2b Study of Brimonidine Drug Delivery System Generation 2 for Geographic Atrophy in Age-related Macular Degeneration. Ophthalmol Retina 2023:S2468-6530(23)00097-0. [PMID: 36906177 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of repeat injections of Brimonidine Drug Delivery System (Brimo DDS) Generation 2 (Gen 2) containing 400 μg brimonidine in patients with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). DESIGN Phase 2b, randomized, multicenter, double-masked, sham-controlled, 30-month study (BEACON). PARTICIPANTS Patients diagnosed with GA secondary to AMD and multifocal lesions with total area >1.25 mm2 and ≤18 mm2 in the study eye. METHODS Enrolled patients were randomized to treatment with intravitreal injections of 400-μg Brimo DDS (n=154) or sham procedure (n=156) in the study eye every 3 months from day 1 through month 21. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary efficacy endpoint was change from baseline in the GA lesion area in the study eye, assessed with fundus autofluorescence imaging, at month 24. Safety measures included treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs). RESULTS The study was terminated early, at the time of the planned interim analysis, because of a slow GA progression rate (∼1.6 mm2/year) in the enrolled population. Least-squares mean (standard error) GA area change from baseline at month 24 (primary endpoint) was 3.24 (0.13) mm2 with Brimo DDS (n=84) versus 3.48 (0.13) mm2 with sham (n=91); the reduction in GA area change from baseline in the Brimo DDS group compared with the sham group was 0.25 mm2 (7%) (P = 0.150). At month 30, the GA area change from baseline was 4.09 (0.15) mm2 with Brimo DDS (n=49) versus 4.52 (0.15) mm2 with sham (n=46), a reduction of 0.43 mm2 (10%) with Brimo DDS compared with sham (P=0.033). Exploratory analysis showed numerically smaller loss over time in retinal sensitivity assessed with scotopic microperimetry with Brimo DDS compared with sham (P=0.053 at month 24). Treatment-related AEs were usually related to the injection procedure. No implant accumulation was observed. CONCLUSIONS Multiple intravitreal administrations of Brimo DDS (Gen 2) were well tolerated. The primary efficacy endpoint at 24 months was not met, but there was a numerical trend for reduction in GA progression at 24 months compared with sham treatment. The study was terminated early because of the lower-than-expected GA progression rate in the sham/control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Freeman
- Jacobs Retina Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
| | - Francesco Bandello
- University Vita-Salute Scientific Institute, Hospital San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Eric Souied
- Centre Hospitalier Creteil, Service Universitaire d'Ophthalmologie, Creteil, France
| | - Robyn H Guymer
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunir J Garg
- Mid Atlantic Retina, the Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, and Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ryan Rich
- Retina Consultants of Southern Colorado PC, Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kimmie Kim
- Allergan, an AbbVie company, Irvine, California, USA
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Rantala ES, Parrozzani R, Hernberg MM, Chiarion-Sileni V, Kivelä TT, Midena E. Determinants of Long-Term Survival in Metastatic Choroidal and Ciliary Body Melanoma. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 246:258-272. [PMID: 36328199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To build and validate a prognostic model that predicts long-term overall survival (OS) in metastatic choroidal and ciliary body melanoma (CCBM) to facilitate patient counseling and planning, reporting, and interpreting clinical trials. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study with validation. METHODS We analyzed predictors of intermediate (IMT; 25-<42 months) and long-term (LT; ≥42 months) OS in a Finnish nationwide cohort of 330 patients with metastatic CCBM. Short-term (<25 months), IMT, and LT survival were compared with pairwise and ordinal logistic regression. A single-center cohort of 259 patients from Italy was used for validation. Models were compared with a deviance test. RESULTS Median OS was 12 and 17 months in the building and validation datasets, respectively; 40 (12%) and 31 (9%) compared with 44 (17%) and 32 (12%) patients were IMT and LT survivors, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase level never exceeded 2 times the upper normal limit (UNL) in either LT cohort. Conditional to both being ≤2 times the UNL, distant metastasis-free interval (DMFI) >42 months (odds ratio [OR] 4.09-4.64; P < .001) paired with age <60 years (OR 3.23; P = .002), having no symptoms (OR 4.19; P = .005), and the largest diameter of the largest metastasis <30 mm (Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage M1a; OR 3.05; P = .001) independently predicted higher odds of surviving longer (IMT or LT) without model preference. These results were confirmed in the validation dataset. CONCLUSIONS Alkaline phosphatase or lactate dehydrogenase >2 times the UNL essentially precluded LT survival. The most robust predictor otherwise was DMFI >42 months, followed by age <60 years, absence of symptoms, and Tumor, Node, Metastasis stage M1a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina S Rantala
- From the Ocular Oncology Service (E.S.R., T.T.K.), Department of Ophthalmology.
| | | | - Micaela M Hernberg
- The Comprehensive Cancer Centre (M.M.H.), Department of Oncology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tero T Kivelä
- From the Ocular Oncology Service (E.S.R., T.T.K.), Department of Ophthalmology
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology (R.P., E.M.), University of Padova; IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti (E.M.), Rome, Italy
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Cosmo E, Midena G, Frizziero L, Bruno M, Cecere M, Midena E. Corneal Confocal Microscopy as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Review. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175130. [PMID: 36079060 PMCID: PMC9457345 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DPN), particularly chronic sensorimotor DPN, represents one of the most frequent complications of diabetes, affecting 50% of diabetic patients and causing an enormous financial burden. Whilst diagnostic methods exist to detect and monitor this condition, they have significant limitations, mainly due to their high subjectivity, invasiveness, and non-repeatability. Corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) is an in vivo, non-invasive, and reproducible diagnostic technique for the study of all corneal layers including the sub-basal nerve plexus, which represents part of the peripheral nervous system. We reviewed the current literature on the use of CCM as an instrument in the assessment of diabetic patients, particularly focusing on its role in the study of sub-basal nerve plexus alterations as a marker of DPN. CCM has been demonstrated to be a valid in vivo tool to detect early sub-basal nerve plexus damage in adult and pediatric diabetic patients, correlating with the severity of DPN. Despite its great potential, CCM has still limited application in daily clinical practice, and more efforts still need to be made to allow the dissemination of this technique among doctors taking care of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-2110
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Pilotto E, Torresin T, Bacelle ML, De Mojà G, Ferrara AM, Zovato S, Midena G, Midena E. Hyper-reflective retinal foci as possible in vivo imaging biomarker of microglia activation in von Hippel-Lindau disease. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272318. [PMID: 35960779 PMCID: PMC9374205 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is caused by a mutation of the VHL gene and characterized by the development of retinal hemangioblastomas (RH). Current pathophysiologic mechanisms of RH development and progression are still insufficient to predict RH behavior. VHL gene is involved in the cellular response to hypoxia and in many intracellular signaling pathways expressed both in angiogenesis and inflammation. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows to identify hyper-reflective retinal foci (HRF) known as aggregates of activated microglial cells as possible in vivo biomarker of local inflammation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of HRF in patients with genetically confirmed VHL disease. Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients with VHL underwent complete ophthalmological examination and OCT with HRA + OCT Spectralis. HRF were manually identified and calculated in inner (IR), outer (OR) and full retina. Age-matched healthy subjects were enrolled as controls. Results 113 eyes of 63 VHL patients and 56 eyes of 28 healthy subjects were evaluated. HRF number was significantly higher in VHL than in controls in IR (28.06 ± 7.50 vs 25.25 ± 6.64, p = 0.042). No difference was observed in OR and in full retina (OR: 7.73 ± 2.59 vs 7.95 ± 2.51, p = 0.599; full retina: 35.79 ± 8.77 vs 33.20 ± 7.47, p = 0.093). Conclusion The increase of HRF, which mirror retinal microglial activation, characterizes VHL eyes. The role of activated microglia in the retina of VHL eyes needs to be better investigated, mainly considering local VHL disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bacelle
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gilda De Mojà
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Oftalmico Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Zovato
- Familial Tumor Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Abdulrahaman AA, Abouelnaga S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afifi MA, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Akinsete A, Al Harby L, Al Mesfer S, Al Ani MH, Alarcón Portabella S, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad CE, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amankwaa-Frempong D, Amiruddin PO, Armytasari I, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Ataseven E, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Autrata R, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Barranco H, Bartoszek P, Bartuma K, Bascaran C, Bechrakis NE, Beck Popovic M, Begimkulova AS, Benmiloud S, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Bhattacharyya A, Biewald EM, Binkley E, Blum S, Bobrova N, Boldt H, Bonanomi MTBC, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Budiongo A, Burton MJ, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Caspi S, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Cavieres I, Chandramohan A, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chawla B, Chen W, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Clark A, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Couitchere L, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Dangboon W, Das A, Das P, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Francesco S, De Potter P, Quintero D K, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Díaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Du Plessis J, Dudeja G, Eerme K, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Ericksen C, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Ezegwui IR, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Garcia Pacheco HN, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg H, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Gorfine M, Graells J, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Gupta V, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Muhammad H, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hautz W, Haydar H, Hederova S, Hessissen L, Hongeng S, Hordofa DF, Hubbard GB, Hummelen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ibanga A, Ida R, Ilic VR, Islamov Z, Jairaj V, Janjua T, Jeeva I, Ji X, Jo DH, Jones MM, Kabesha Amani TB, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kamsang P, Kantar M, Kapelushnik N, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Keomisy J, Kepak T, Ketteler P, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivela TT, Klett A, Koç I, Kosh Komba Palet JE, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinović S, Laurenti KD, Lavy Y, Lavric Groznik A, Leverant AA, Li C, Li K, Limbu B, Liu CH, Quah B, López JP, Lukamba RM, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Madgar S, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Maitra P, Maka E, Makimbetov EK, Maktabi A, Maldonado C, Mallipatna A, Manudhane R, Manzhuova L, Martín-Begue N, Masud S, Matende IO, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJV, Mets MB, Midena E, Miller A, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KIM, Munier FL, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Musika AA, Mustak H, Mustapha T, Muyen OM, Myezo KH, Naidu G, Naidu N, Nair AG, Natarajan S, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ng Y, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe HE, Numbi MN, Nummi K, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Nyirenda C, Obono-Obiang G, Oliver SCN, Oporto J, Ortega-Hernández M, Oscar AH, Ossandon D, Pagarra H, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pe'er J, Peralta Calvo J, Perić S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov V, Ponce J, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Refaeli D, Rahman A, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Randhawa JK, Randrianarisoa HL, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy M, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rogowska A, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sanchez Orozco AJ, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schlüter S, Schwab C, Sedaghat A, Seth R, Sgroi M, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shields CL, Sia D, Siddiqui SN, Sidi cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Steinberg DM, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tang J, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Teh KH, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Tekavcic Pompe M, Thawaba ADM, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Tripathy D, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, Valente P, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Vasquez Anchaya JK, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Villegas VM, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Waddell K, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Wangtiraumnuay N, Wetter J, Widiarti W, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wong ES, Wongwai P, Wu SQ, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Xu B, Xue K, Yaghy A, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yee RI, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang Y, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, Bowman R. The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries. The Lancet Global Health 2022; 10:e1128-e1140. [PMID: 35839812 PMCID: PMC9397647 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. Methods We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. Findings The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). Interpretation This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes. Funding Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust.
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Midena E, Polo C, Frizziero L, Marini MG, Lattanzio R, Vadalà M, Pilotto E, Varano M. The Narrative Medicine Approach in the Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema: An Italian Experience. IJERPH 2022; 19:ijerph19159367. [PMID: 35954724 PMCID: PMC9368569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The study retraces the healthcare pathway of patients affected by diabetic macular edema (DME) through the direct voice of patients and caregivers by using a “patient journey” and narrative method approach. The mapping of the patient’s journey was developed by a multidisciplinary board of health professionals and involved four Italian retina centers. DME patients on intravitreal injection therapy and caregivers were interviewed according to the narrative medicine approach. Narratives were analyzed through a quali-quantitative tool, as set by the narrative medicine method. The study involved four specialized retina centers in Italy and collected a total of 106 narratives, 82 from DME patients and 24 from caregivers. The narratives reported their difficulty in identifying the correct pathway of care because of a limited awareness of diabetes and its complications. Patients experienced reduced autonomy due to ocular complications. In the treatment of diabetes and its complications, a multidisciplinary approach currently appears to be missing. DME reduces the quality of life of affected patients. The narrative medicine approach offers qualitative and emotional patient-guided information. The patient journey provides all of those involved in the management of DME with flowcharts to refer to, identifying the critical points in the healthcare journey of DME patients to improve the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.P.); (L.F.); (E.P.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212110
| | - Chiara Polo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.P.); (L.F.); (E.P.)
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.P.); (L.F.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Rosangela Lattanzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute Ospedale San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maria Vadalà
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (C.P.); (L.F.); (E.P.)
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Pengo M, Miante S, Franciotta S, Ponzano M, Torresin T, Bovis F, Rinaldi F, Perini P, Saiani M, Margoni M, Bertoldo A, Sormani MP, Pilotto E, Midena E, Gallo P, Puthenparampil M. Retinal Hyperreflecting Foci Associate With Cortical Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022; 9:9/4/e1180. [PMID: 35606113 PMCID: PMC9128002 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and ObjectivesMicroglia, the resident immune cell of the brain and retina, is widespread activated in the white and gray matter (GM) in multiple sclerosis (MS). The objective of this study is to evaluate the presence and number of hyperreflecting foci (HRF), considered clusters of activated and proliferating retinal microglia, and their association with clinical and radiologic disease parameters in relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS).MethodsAt baseline, 80 patients with RRMS underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT) and 3T-MRI (including 3-dimensional T1, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery, and double inversion recovery sequences), closed to their disease onset (6.3 ± 5.1 months). These patients were then clinically and radiologically followed up for a mean of 43 months, evaluating the no evidence of disease activity (NEDA) condition, further divided into clinical (cNEDA) and radiologic (rNEDA). Patients with a clinical history or MRI/OCT findings suggestive of optic neuritis (ON) were excluded from the study.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, the HRF number was significantly higher in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of patients with RRMS (19.55 ± 5.65 vs 13.84 ± 2.57, p < 0.001) and associated with INL volume (β: 1.21, p < 0.001). GM lesion volume significantly correlated with the INL HRF count (p = 0.008). Survival analysis revealed a significant association between INL HRF and both cNEDA (p = 0.017) and rNEDA (p = 0.002).DiscussionWe found a strong association between retinal microglial proliferation and cortical pathology in RRMS, a finding suggesting a possible underlying common immunopathologic mechanism. Furthermore, microglial activation at baseline was observed to predict subsequent inflammatory events, indicating that HRF might be a candidate prognostic biomarker worthy of further investigation.Classification of EvidenceThis study provides Class II evidence that in patients with early RRMS but without ON, the number of HRF on OCT of the retinal inner nuclear layer is associated with cNEDA and rNEDA.
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Puthenparampil M, Torresin T, Franciotta S, Marin A, De Napoli F, Mauceri VA, Miante S, Pilotto E, Midena E, Gallo P. Hyper-Reflecting Foci in Multiple Sclerosis Retina Associate With Macrophage/Microglia-Derived Cytokines in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Front Immunol 2022; 13:852183. [PMID: 35664007 PMCID: PMC9160385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.852183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence suggests that retinal hyper-reflecting foci (HRF) might be clusters of activated and proliferating microglia. Since microglia are widespread activated in multiple sclerosis (MS) brain, its evaluation in retina may help to understand and monitor MS-related pathology. Aim This study aims at investigating the association of HRF with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokines and MRI parameters in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS). Methods Nineteen RRMS at clinical onset and 15 non-inflammatory neurological disorders (NIND) underwent brain 3T MRI and CSF examination. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis, including HRF count, was performed on RRMS patients. Sixty-nine cytokines/chemokines were analyzed in the CSF by multiplex technology. Results In RRMS, HRF count in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) was associated with IL-1Ra, IL-9, IL-15, IFN-γ, and G-CSF. Moreover, in RRMS patients CSF concentrations of IL-1Ra and G-CSF associated with global cortical thickness. The HRF count in the inner nuclear layer (INL) correlated with IL-22, IL-34, IL-35, CXCL-2, CXCL-10, and CXCL-13, and multivariate analysis confirmed a strong association (r2: 0.47) with both CXCL-2 (β: -0.965, p = 0.0052) and CXCL-13 (β: 0.241, p = 0.018). This latter cytokine increased in RRMS with high HRF count compared with NIND and RRMS with low HRF count. Finally, the CXCL-13/CXCL-2 ratio strongly associated with HRF count (r: 0.8, p < 0.005) and cortical lesion volume (r: 0.5, p < 0.05). Conclusions The association of HRF with intrathecally produced monocyte/microglia-derived cytokines confirms their microglial origin and indicates they are worth further evaluating as markers of activated microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Puthenparampil
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Franciotta
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annachiara Marin
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica De Napoli
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Valentina Annamaria Mauceri
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Miante
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neuroscience, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Chaudhary V, Holz FG, Wolf S, Midena E, Souied EH, Allmeier H, Lambrou G, Machewitz T, Mitchell P. Association Between Visual Acuity and Fluid Compartments with Treat-and-Extend Intravitreal Aflibercept in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An ARIES Post Hoc Analysis. Ophthalmol Ther 2022; 11:1119-1130. [PMID: 35303285 PMCID: PMC9114257 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-022-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recently, there has been growing interest in exploring the relationship between visual acuity and fluid localization in different retinal compartments. This post hoc analysis of the ARIES study explores the relationship between the presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF), both at baseline and throughout treatment, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with intravitreal aflibercept (IVT-AFL) in a treat-and-extend regimen. METHODS ARIES (NCT02581891) was a multicenter, randomized, phase 3b/4 study comparing the efficacy of two IVT-AFL treat-and-extend regimens over 2 years in patients with treatment-naïve nAMD. This post hoc analysis explores the relationship between the presence of SRF/IRF and absolute BCVA (letter score) at baseline and fixed visits. RESULTS In 210 patients (treat-and-extend treatment arms combined), SRF presence at baseline was associated at every time point with a numerically higher mean BCVA than if absent, with 10 more letters at week 104. IRF presence at baseline was associated at all but one time point with a numerically lower mean BCVA than if absent (week 104, 8-letter difference). Baseline SRF+IRF was associated with lower BCVA (week 104, 7-letter difference) than if only SRF was present, but higher BCVA (week 104, 8-letter difference) than if only IRF was present. Absence of SRF+IRF was not associated with better BCVA at any time point during the study. CONCLUSION In ARIES, in patients with nAMD treated with IVT-AFL, the presence of SRF was associated with better visual acuity, whereas IRF was associated with poorer visual acuity. The findings of this post hoc analysis suggest that differentiating IRF from SRF may offer better prognostic value in guiding treatment-extension decisions than the use of combined or "any" IRF and SRF. Prospective trials are needed to validate these results and determine their clinical relevance. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER (CLINICALTRIALS.GOV): NCT02581891. Association between Visual Acuity and Fluid Compartments with Treat-and-Extend Intravitreal Aflibercept in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An ARIES Post Hoc Analysis: A Video Abstract (MP4 308264 KB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chaudhary
- Hamilton Regional Eye Institute, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton and Hamilton Health Sciences, 2757 King Street East Room 2500, Hamilton, ON, L8G 5E4, Canada.
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Reading Centre and Department for Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Eric H Souied
- Department d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Intercommunal de Créteil, Créteil, France
| | | | | | | | - Paul Mitchell
- University of Sydney (Westmead Institute for Medical Research), Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Midena E, Cosmo E, Cattelan AM, Briani C, Leoni D, Capizzi A, Tabacchi V, Parrozzani R, Midena G, Frizziero L. Small Fibre Peripheral Alterations Following COVID-19 Detected by Corneal Confocal Microscopy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040563. [PMID: 35455679 PMCID: PMC9030195 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
A large spectrum of neurological manifestations has been associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and recently, the involvement of small fibers has been suggested. This study aims to investigate the involvement of small peripheral nervous fibers in recovered COVID-19 patients using in-vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). Patients recovered from COVID-19 and a control group of healthy subjects underwent in-vivo CCM. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD), corneal nerve branch density (CNBD), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL), corneal nerve fiber total branch density (CTBD), corneal nerve fiber area (CNFA), corneal nerve fiber width (CNFW), fiber tortuosity (FT), number of beadings (NBe), and dendritic cells (DC) density were quantified. We enrolled 302 eyes of 151 patients. CNBD and FT were significantly higher (p = 0.0131, p < 0.0001), whereas CNFW and NBe were significantly lower (p = 0.0056, p = 0.0045) in the COVID-19 group compared to controls. Only CNBD and FT resulted significantly correlated to antiviral drugs (increased) and corticosteroids (decreased). No significant relationship with disease severity parameters was found. COVID-19 may induce peripheral neuropathy in small fibers even months after recovery, regardless of systemic conditions and therapy, and CCM may be a useful tool to identify and monitor these morphological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.T.); (R.P.); (L.F.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-2110
| | - Eleonora Cosmo
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Anna Maria Cattelan
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Chiara Briani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Davide Leoni
- Unit of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (A.M.C.); (D.L.)
| | - Alfio Capizzi
- Department of Directional Hospital Management, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Vanessa Tabacchi
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.T.); (R.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Raffaele Parrozzani
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.T.); (R.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Giulia Midena
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (G.M.)
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (V.T.); (R.P.); (L.F.)
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Parrozzani R, Midena G, Frizziero L, Marchione G, Midena E. RADIATION MACULOPATHY IS ANTICIPATED BY OCT HYPERREFLECTIVE RETINAL FOCI: A Large, Prospective, Confirmation Study. Retina 2022; 42:752-759. [PMID: 34803131 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate, by means of spectral domain optical coherence tomography, retinal reflectivity changes as an early biomarker anticipating radiation-induced macular edema (ME) in patients treated by iodine-125 (I-125) brachytherapy. METHODS Thirty patients planned for I-125 brachytherapy because of uveal melanoma were prospectively included and followed every 4 months for five years. Reflectivity alterations, namely hyperreflective retinal foci, were characterized and counted by two independent masked examiners by means of spectral domain optical coherence tomography imaging. Hyperreflective retinal foci were defined as discrete intraretinal reflectivity changes ≤30 µm, with reflectivity similar to nerve fiber layer and without back shadowing. RESULTS Macular edema occurred in 17 patients (24.2 ±15.1 months) (group 1) after irradiation. Thirteen patients showed no signs of ME at the 5-year follow-up (group 2). The number of hyperreflective retinal foci was statistically higher in sequential visits until the evidence of ME in group 1 vs group 2 (P < 0.0001). In group 1, hyperreflective retinal foci at the follow-up before the evidence of ME were significantly related to the OCT central subfield thickness at ME appearance (P = 0.0002, r2=0.6129). The intergrader agreement was almost perfect (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.80). CONCLUSION Hyperreflective retinal foci may be considered as an early in vivo imaging biomarker of retinal inflammatory response to ocular irradiation, anticipating the development of radiation maculopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Giulia Marchione
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report multimodal imaging findings in a patient affected by Jeune syndrome-associated retinal dystrophy. METHODS Observational case report. RESULTS An 18-year-old girl affected by Jeune syndrome was referred to our low vision unit. She presented with bilateral high myopia, reduced visual acuity, exotropia, and nystagmus. Fundus examination detected posterior myopic staphyloma and diffuse retinal dystrophy confirmed using a full-field electroretinogram as a cone-rod dystrophy. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography detected a thick anomalous hyperreflective band located beneath an irregular and disrupted external limiting membrane, showing the primary involvement of the photoreceptors outer segment with relative sparing of the retinal pigment epithelium, as confirmed by fundus autofluorescence. CONCLUSION This is a case of Jeune syndrome with retinal abnormalities studied with fundus autofluorescence and optical coherence tomography. Retinal noninvasive multimodal imaging could provide significant insight in the retinal involvement of patients affected by Jeune syndrome and should have an essential role in the multidisciplinary diagnostic approach and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelyn Longhin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; and
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Frisina
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Irene Gius
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Tozzi
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Frisina R, Tozzi L, Gius I, Pilotto E, Midena E. Novel approaches to the assessment and treatment of lamellar macular hole. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 100:e1287-e1297. [PMID: 34897994 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse morpho-functional foveal changes in eyes with lamellar macular hole (LMH) by an integrated assessment of short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence (SW-FAF) and microperimetry (SW-FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment) before and after treatment with a technique of double-inverted flaps of epiretinal proliferation (EP) and internal limiting membrane (ILM). METHODS Clinical and tomographic parameters were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), LMH size, central retinal thickness (CRT) and outer retinal layer integrity. SW-FAF/microperimetry integrated assessment allowed to analyse retinal sensitivity (RS) and FAF status of the fovea by an overlay of RS map on SW-FAF image. Follow-up was at baseline, 1, 3, 6 and 12 postoperative months. RESULTS Forty pseudophakic eyes. Hyper-FAF area was associated with larger LMH size (p = 0.0073) and inversely correlated with CRT (p = 0.021). Lower preoperative RS was observed in hyper-FAF than normo-FAF areas (p = 0.0117). External limiting membrane (ELM) defect was associated with worse BCVA (p = 0.0004). After surgery, BCVA improved (p = 0.001) and it was related to ELM recovery (p = 0.00483), hyper-FAF area decreased (p = 0.001), and RS increased (p = 0.440). Hyper-FAF points that normalized their FAF were associated with higher RS improvement compared to unchanged points. CONCLUSION Short-wavelength fundus autofluorescence/microperimetry integrated assessment provides important information on the entity of damage of LMH and on postoperative recovery. Double-inverted EP and ILM flap technique is safe and effective for LMH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Frisina
- Department of Neuroscience ‐ Ophthalmology of University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Luigi Tozzi
- Department of Neuroscience ‐ Ophthalmology of University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Irene Gius
- Department of Neuroscience ‐ Ophthalmology of University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience ‐ Ophthalmology of University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience ‐ Ophthalmology of University of Padova Padova Italy
- GB Bietti Foundation IRCCS Roma Italy
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Midena E, Frizziero L, Midena G, Pilotto E. Response to comment on "Intraocular fluid biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in human diabetic retinopathy." Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Jul 3. doi: 10.1007/s00417-021-05285-y. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 260:1041-1042. [PMID: 34729640 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05463-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience - Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani n°2, 35128, Padova, Italy. .,IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience - Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani n°2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience - Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani n°2, 35128, Padova, Italy
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Midena E, Torresin T, Longhin E, Midena G, Pilotto E, Frizziero L. Early Microvascular and Oscillatory Potentials Changes in Human Diabetic Retina: Amacrine Cells and the Intraretinal Neurovascular Crosstalk. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184035. [PMID: 34575150 PMCID: PMC8466765 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze the early microvascular retinal changes and oscillatory potentials alterations secondary to diabetic retinal damage, 44 eyes of 22 diabetic patients without and with mild diabetic retinopathy (DR) and 18 eyes of 9 healthy controls were examined. All subjects underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), OCT angiography (OCTA), and electroretinography of oscillatory potentials (OPs). At OCTA, vessel area density (VAD), vessel length fraction (VLF), and fractal dimension (FD) were significantly reduced in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), VLF and FD in the intermediate capillary plexus (ICP), and FD in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in the diabetic group compared to the control group. The amplitude (A) of OP2, OP3, OP4 and the sum of OPs were significantly reduced in the diabetic group versus the controls, and the last two parameters were reduced also in patients without DR versus the controls. Moreover, in the diabetic group, a significant direct correlation was found between the A of OP1, OP2, OP3 and sOP and the VLF and FD in the SVP, while a statistically significant inverse correlation was found between the A of OP3 and OP4 and the VDI in the ICP and DCP. The reduced oscillatory potentials suggest a precocious involvement of amacrine cells in diabetic eyes, independently of DR presence, and their correlation with vascular parameters underlines the relevance of the crosstalk between these cells and vascular components in the pathophysiology of this chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (T.T.); (E.L.); (E.P.); (L.F.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-2110
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (T.T.); (E.L.); (E.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Evelyn Longhin
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (T.T.); (E.L.); (E.P.); (L.F.)
| | | | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (T.T.); (E.L.); (E.P.); (L.F.)
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (T.T.); (E.L.); (E.P.); (L.F.)
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Mitchell P, Holz FG, Hykin P, Midena E, Souied E, Allmeier H, Lambrou G, Schmelter T, Wolf S. EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF INTRAVITREAL AFLIBERCEPT USING A TREAT-AND-EXTEND REGIMEN FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION: The ARIES Study: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Retina 2021; 41:1911-1920. [PMID: 33782365 PMCID: PMC8384251 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Treating neovascular age-related macular degeneration with intravitreal aflibercept treat-and-extend (T&E) can reduce treatment burden. ARIES assessed whether intravitreal aflibercept early-start T&E was noninferior to late-start T&E. METHODS A randomized, open-label, Phase 3b/4 study that included treatment-naïve patients aged ≥50 years with the best-corrected visual acuity 73-25 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study letters and active choroidal neovascularization secondary to AMD. Patients received 2 mg intravitreal aflibercept at Week (W) 0, W4, W8, and W16. At W16, patients were randomized 1:1 to early-start (2W interval adjustments) or late-start T&E (8W intervals until W48 then 2W interval adjustments). Primary endpoint: the best-corrected visual acuity change from randomization to W104. RESULTS Two-hundred seventy-one patients were randomized. The mean (SD) best-corrected visual acuity at baseline was 60.2 (12.1; early-T&E) and 61.3 (10.8; late-T&E) letters. The mean (SD) best-corrected visual acuity change (W16-104) was -2.1 (11.4) versus -0.4 (8.4) letters (early-T&E vs. late-T&E; least-squares mean difference: -2.0; 95% confidence interval: -4.75 to 0.71; P = 0.0162 for noninferior); +4.3 (13.4) versus +7.9 (11.9) letters (W0-104). The mean (SD) number of injections was 12.0 (2.3) versus 13.0 (1.8). From baseline to W104, 93.4% and 96.2% maintained best-corrected visual acuity; the mean (SD) central retinal thickness change was -161.6 (135.6) µm and -158.6 (125.1) µm. The last injection interval (W104) was ≥12W for 47.2% and 51.9% of patients. CONCLUSION Outcomes were similar between patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with an intravitreal aflibercept early-T&E or late-T&E regimen after initial dosing, with one injection difference over 2 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02581891 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02581891. Supplemental Digital Contents (files 1 http://links.lww.com/IAE/B419).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank G. Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eric Souied
- Department d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital Intercommunal de Creteil, Creteil, France
| | - Helmut Allmeier
- Bayer Consumer Care, AG, Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | - George Lambrou
- Bayer Consumer Care, AG, Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department for Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Vujosevic S, Cunha-Vaz J, Figueira J, Löwenstein A, Midena E, Parravano M, Scanlon PH, Simó R, Hernández C, Madeira MH, Marques IP, C-V Martinho A, Santos AR, Simó-Servat O, Salongcay RP, Zur D, Peto T. Standardisation of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Imaging Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinal Disease. Ophthalmic Res 2021; 64:871-887. [PMID: 34348330 DOI: 10.1159/000518620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - José Cunha-Vaz
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Figueira
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anat Löwenstein
- Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Peter Henry Scanlon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria H Madeira
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês P Marques
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Orthoptics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António C-V Martinho
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana R Santos
- AIBILI-Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Orthoptics, School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Olga Simó-Servat
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Recivall P Salongcay
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
- Eye and Vision Institute, The Medical City, Pasig, Philippines
| | - Dinah Zur
- Ophthalmology Division, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Tunde Peto
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Midena E, Frizziero L, Midena G, Pilotto E. Intraocular fluid biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in human diabetic retinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021; 259:3549-3560. [PMID: 34216255 PMCID: PMC8589786 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-021-05285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This article aims to review the impact of detecting and quantifying intraocular biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in both aqueous and vitreous humor in eyes of people affected by diabetes mellitus. Methods This is a detailed review about aqueous and/or vitreous humor sampling in human diabetic eyes for proteomic and/or metabolomic analysis contributing to the understanding of the pathophysiology and treatment effects of diabetic retinopathy. Results Aqueous and vitreous humor molecular biomarkers proved to be directly correlated to each other and valuable to study retinal conditions. Moreover, proteomic and metabolomic analysis showed that the biomarkers of neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and vasculopathy are detectable in intraocular fluids and that their concentration changes in different stages of disease, and in response to treatment of all diabetic retinopathy aspects, mainly diabetic macular edema and proliferative retinopathy. Conclusions Liquid biopsy offers the possibility to improve our knowledge of intraocular eye disease induced by diabetes mellitus. The exact quantification of intraocular biomarkers contributes to the precision medicine approach even in the diabetic retinopathy scenario. The diffusion of this approach should be encouraged to have quantifiable information directly from the human model, which may be coupled with imaging data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
| | - Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience-Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Pilotto E, Trevisson E, Nacci EB, Longhin E, Guidolin F, Midena E. Two novel compound heterozygous SAG mutations in an Italian patient with Oguchi disease: A genetic and multimodal retinal imaging study. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:NP1-NP5. [PMID: 34162253 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211027422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oguchi disease is a rare autosomal recessive retinal dystrophy, characterized by congenital stationary blindness and caused by pathogenic variants in SAG and GRK1 genes. The present study aimed to report an Italian patient affected by Oguchi disease, evaluated by means of a multimodal retinal imaging study and harboring two novel heterozygous pathogenic variants in the SAG gene. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 60-year-old female complaining congenital stationary night blindness was investigated through fundus photograph, optical coherence tomography (OCT), electroretinography (ERG), and genetic testing. RESULTS Fundus examination showed a golden-grayish fundus aspect. The rod response of the scotopic ERG was undetectable and mixed rod-cone response was electronegative. Fundus photographs obtained in light and in prolonged dark-adapted conditions allowed to detect the Mizuo-Nakamura phenomenon. Light condition OCT over the abnormal retinal regions showed high-intensity areas in the outer photoreceptor segment layer, that reduced with prolonged dark adaption. Genetic testing identified two rare heterozygous sequence variants in the SAG gene: NM_000541.5:c.807delA p.(Glu270Lysfs*9) and NM_000541.5:c.1047-1G>C confirming the diagnosis of Oguchi disease. CONCLUSIONS We identified the first Italian compound heterozygous patient harboring two novel alterations in the SAG gene (a frameshift deletion and a splicing variant). The involvement of the SAG gene in Oguchi disease is a common finding in Japanese population, but rarely identified in Caucasians. Clinical suspicion should prompt the molecular analysis of genes associated with this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova University Hospital ERN-EYE Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Eva Trevisson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Beatrice Nacci
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova University Hospital ERN-EYE Center, Padova, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelyn Longhin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova University Hospital ERN-EYE Center, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Guidolin
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova University Hospital ERN-EYE Center, Padova, Italy.,IRCCS, Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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Frizziero L, Calciati A, Torresin T, Midena G, Parrozzani R, Pilotto E, Midena E. Diabetic Macular Edema Treated with 577-nm Subthreshold Micropulse Laser: A Real-Life, Long-Term Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11050405. [PMID: 34067994 PMCID: PMC8152245 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11050405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of 577-nm subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) treatment in a large population of patients affected by mild diabetic macular edema (DME) in a real-life setting. We retrospectively evaluated 134 eyes affected by previously untreated center-involving mild DME, and treated with 577-nm SMPL, using fixed parameters. Retreatment was performed at 3 months, in case of persistent retinal thickening. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), along with short and near-infrared fundus autofluorescence, were used to confirm long-term safety. At the end of at least one year follow-up, a significant improvement in visual acuity was documented, compared to baseline (77.3 ± 4.5 and 79.4 ± 4.4 ETDRS score at baseline and at final follow-up, respectively), as well as a reduction in the mean retinal thickness of the thickest ETDRS macular sector at baseline. A reduction in the central retinal thickness and the mean thickness of the nine ETDRS sectors was also found, without reaching statistical significance. No patients required intravitreal injections. No adverse effects were detected. This study suggests that 577-nm SMPL is a safe and repeatable treatment for mild DME that may be applied to real-life clinical settings using fixed parameters and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frizziero
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Calciati
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | | | - Raffaele Parrozzani
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Neuroscience—Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (L.F.); (A.C.); (T.T.); (R.P.); (E.P.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione Bietti, 00120 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-821-2110
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31
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Parrozzani R, Frizziero L, Trainiti S, Calciati A, Londei D, Miglionico G, Trevisson E, Midena G, Pilotto E, Midena E. RETINAL VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES RELATED TO NEUROFIBROMATOSIS TYPE 1: Natural History and Classification by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in 473 Patients. Retina 2021; 41:979-986. [PMID: 32833785 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000002962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze and classify neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1)-related retinal vascular abnormalities (RVAs), their natural history and correlation with disease severity, in a large cohort of patients. METHODS This was an observational longitudinal study with prospective enrollment. Four hundred and seventy-three patients affected by NF1 and 150 age-matched healthy subjects were consecutively enrolled. Retinal vascular abnormalities were detected by means of near-infrared reflectance and studied by optical coherence tomography angiography. The superficial vascular plexus and the deep vascular complex (DVC) were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS We identified RVAs in 82 of 473 (17%) NF1 patients, but in none of the 150 healthy subjects. A comparison revealed that NF1 patients with RVAs showed a higher number of NF1 diagnostic criteria (4.3 ± 1.5 vs. 3.9 ±1.5, respectively; P = 0.02) than patients without RVAs. Three different RVA types were identified on optical coherence tomography angiography: macrovascular angiomatosis of the sole superficial vascular plexus; macrovascular angiomatosis of the superficial vascular plexus combined with microvascular angiomatosis of the deep vascular complex; and combined macrovascular angiomatosis of both superficial vascular plexus and deep vascular complex. The prospective analysis of optical coherence tomography angiography images showed no significant longitudinal evolution of RVAs (mean follow-up: 3.7 ± 2.8 years). A single patient developed a de novo single RVA, and two RVAs showed detectable changes during follow-up. CONCLUSION In NF1 patients, RVAs are a characteristic sign that correlates with a more severe systemic disease expression, usually remaining stable during time. Optical coherence tomography angiography allows for the identification of different RVAs subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Trainiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Calciati
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Eva Trevisson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Clinical Genetics Unit, University of Padova, Padova, Italy ; and
| | - Giulia Midena
- Institute of Ophthalmology, Policlinico Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
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32
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Midena E, Torresin T, Velotta E, Pilotto E, Parrozzani R, Frizziero L. OCT Hyperreflective Retinal Foci in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Semi-Automatic Detection Comparative Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:613051. [PMID: 33968016 PMCID: PMC8100046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.613051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows us to identify, into retinal layers, new morphological entities, which can be considered clinical biomarkers of retinal diseases. According to the literature, solitary, small (<30 µm), medium level hyperreflective (similar to retinal fiber layer) retinal foci (HRF) may represent aggregates of activated microglial cells and an in vivo biomarker of retinal inflammation. The identification and quantification of this imaging biomarker allows for estimating the level and possibly the amount of intraretinal inflammation in major degenerative retinal disorders, whose inflammatory component has already been demonstrated (diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, radiation retinopathy). Currently, diabetic retinopathy (DR) probably represents the best clinical model to apply this analysis in the definition of this clinical biomarker. However, the main limitation to the clinical use of HRF is related to the technical difficulty of counting them: a time-consuming methodology, which also needs trained examiners. To contribute to solve this limitation, we developed and validated a new method for the semi-automatic detection of HRF in OCT scans. OCT scans of patients affected by DR, were analyzed. HRF were manually counted in High Resolution spectral domain OCT images. Then, the same OCT scans underwent semi-automatic HRF counting, using an ImageJ software with four different settings profiles. Statistical analysis showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between the manual count and each of the four semi-automated methods. The use of the second setting profile allows to obtain at the Bland–Altman graph a bias of −0.2 foci and a limit of agreement of ±16.3 foci. This validation approach opens the way not only to the reliable and daily clinical applicable quantification of HRF, but also to a better knowledge of the inflammatory component—including its progression and regression changes—of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Torresin
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erika Velotta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Frisina R, De Biasi CS, Tozzi L, Gius I, Londei D, Gambato C, Midena E. Reper intraocular lens with artificial iris: implantation techniques and outcomes. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 31:1469-1474. [PMID: 33779347 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211005693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The authors describe the surgical techniques to implant a novel intraocular lens with artificial iris (Reper) in patients affected by traumatic aphakia and aniridia. Two surgical approaches are proposed: implantation by suture-loaded cartridge and "open sky" implantation combined with penetrating keratoplasty. The method of establishing the exact position of the scleral fixation points and the pre-assembly of the suture of Reper before its implantation are the main novel proposed surgical procedures. The rationale is to minimize surgical procedures in the anterior chamber and to prevent knot loosening and lens tilting. The simultaneous treatment of aphakia and aniridia with a single prosthesis, the stability of the Reper and the functional, anatomical and aesthetic outcomes obtained are the highlighted advantages in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Frisina
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Tozzi
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Gius
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Catia Gambato
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology of University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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dell'Omo R, Filippelli M, Virgili G, Bandello F, Querques G, Lanzetta P, Avitabile T, Viola F, Reibaldi M, Semeraro F, Quaranta L, Rizzo S, Midena E, Campagna G, Costagliola C. Effect of COVID-19-related lockdown on ophthalmic practice in Italy: A report from 39 institutional centers. Eur J Ophthalmol 2021; 32:695-703. [PMID: 33724078 DOI: 10.1177/11206721211002442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES To compare the number of eye surgical procedures performed in Italy in the 2 months following the beginning of lockdown (study period) because of COVID-19 epidemic with those performed in the two earlier months of the same year (intra-year control) and in the period of 2019 corresponding to the lockdown (inter-year control). METHODS Retrospective analysis of surgical procedures carried out at 39 Academic hospitals. A distinction was made between elective and urgent procedures. Intravitreal injections were also considered. Percentages for all surgical procedures and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) events were calculated. A p value <0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS A total of 20,886 versus 55,259 and 56,640 patients underwent surgery during the lockdown versus intra-and inter-year control periods, respectively. During the lockdown, only 70% of patients for whom an operation/intravitreal injection was recommended, finally underwent surgery; the remaining patients did not attend because afraid of getting infected at the hospital (23%), taking public transportation (6.5%), or unavailable swabs (0.5%). Elective surgeries were reduced by 96.2% and 96.4%, urgent surgeries by 49.7% and 50.2%, and intravitreal injections by 48.5% and 48.6% in the lockdown period in comparison to intra-year and inter-year control periods, respectively. IRRs for RRDs during lockdown dropped significantly in comparison with intra- and inter-year control periods (CI: 0.65-0.80 and 0.61-0.75, respectively, p < 0.001 for both). CONCLUSION This study provides a quantitative analysis of the reduction of eye surgical procedures performed in Italy because of the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto dell'Omo
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Mariaelena Filippelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Vita-Salute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Department of Medicine - Ophthalmology, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Teresio Avitabile
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele," Catania, Italy
| | - Francesco Viola
- IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Foundation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luciano Quaranta
- Department of Surgical, Clinical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stanislao Rizzo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Catholic University of Sacred Hearth-Foundation "Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli"-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campagna
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, "Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Costagliola
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "Vincenzo Tiberio," University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Parrozzani R, Lombardi G, Midena E, Londei D, Padovan M, Marchione G, Caccese M, Midena G, Zagonel V, Frizziero L. Ocular Side Effects of EGFR-Inhibitor ABT-414 in Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Long-Term Safety Study. Front Oncol 2020; 10:593461. [PMID: 33154952 PMCID: PMC7591744 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.593461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to prospectively evaluate, on a long-term basis, corneal side effects secondary to compassionate administration of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor depatuxizumab mafodotin (ABT-414) in patients affected by EGFR-amplified recurrent glioblastoma. Fifteen patients with a median follow-up of 4.3 months after treatment discontinuation were enrolled. Each patient underwent full ophthalmologic examination including in vivo corneal confocal microscopy (CCM). No CTCAE grade 4 toxicity and four (27%) grade 3 toxicities were documented during treatment. Ocular symptoms (blurred vision, eye pain, photophobia) were experienced by all patients, reaching maximal severity after the second ABT-414 infusion, with persistence until treatment discontinuation. During treatment, CCM documented specific changes in the corneal epithelium and in the sub-basal nerve plexus layer fibers of all eyes. The median time of symptoms resolution after treatment discontinuation ranged from 38 days (eye pain) to 53 days (photophobia). The median time of signs resolution ranges from 14 days (corneal ulcer) to 38 days (superficial punctate epitheliopathy, corneal stroma edema and intraepithelial cysts). ABT-414 corneal side effects are detectable in all treated patients. Related symptoms are gradually experienced by all patients during treatment and although reversible, they are characterized by a relative prolonged persistence after treatment discontinuation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,IRCCS-Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Padovan
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchione
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Caccese
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Midena
- Unità Operativa Complessa Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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Frisina R, Gius I, Frascogna G, Pizzolon T, Greggio A, Tozzi L, Midena E. A possible strategic role of air during pars plana vitrectomy for macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:421-431. [PMID: 32951112 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01591-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the advantages and safety of vitrectomy under air for treating macula-involving rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS Consecutive patients with macula-involving RRD who underwent vitrectomy under air were recruited. Demographic and clinical data were: age, gender, eye, lens status, best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), axial length, intraocular pressure (IOP). RRD parameters were: RRD extent, retinal breaks number. Surgical data were: cataract surgery, tamponade used. Postoperative parameters were: BCVA, IOP at first, third, sixth month, recurrent RD, incidence of retinal folds, subretinal fluid (SRF) persistence, macular displacement. RESULTS Seventy-one eyes (71 patients) were recruited. Cataract surgery was performed in 32 of 45 phakic patients. The tamponade used was: sulfur hexafluoride 18% (41), silicon oil (SO) (26), high-density SO (4). BCVA improved significantly from baseline (1.2 ± 0.4 logMAR) to the last control (0.8 ± 0.7 logMAR) (P = 0.03285). Recurrent RD incidence was 14.1%. Postoperative complications were: retinal folds (2), SRF persistence (3), macular displacement (2). CONCLUSION Vitrectomy under air is a safe alternative technique for treating macula-involving RRD. Vitrectomy under air allows surgeon to remove accurately the vitreous from the peripheral retina and facilitates the removal of SRF reducing the complications related to its postoperative persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Frisina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy.
| | - Irene Gius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frascogna
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Tobia Pizzolon
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Angelo Greggio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Luigi Tozzi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, via Giustiniani n. 2, 35128, Padua, Italy
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Midena E, Parrozzani R, Midena G, Trainiti S, Marchione G, Cosmo E, Londei D, Frizziero L. In vivo intraocular biomarkers: Changes of aqueous humor cytokines and chemokines in patients affected by uveal melanoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22091. [PMID: 32957329 PMCID: PMC7505308 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory, angiogenic, and immune processes have been associated with uveal melanoma (UM). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of some specific aqueous humor (AH) soluble biomarkers in eyes affected by UM. Thirty-five eyes affected by primary UM and 35 control eyes, scheduled for cataract surgery, underwent full ophthalmic examination and AH sampling at time of surgery (brachytherapy or cataract surgery, respectively). AH samples were analyzed by means of ELISA, to detect the concentration of selected cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Compared with the control group, higher levels of IL-6 (P = .049), IL-8 (P = .006), RANTES (P = .008), EGF (P = .032), bFGF (P = .016), MIF (P = .007), and MCP (P = .020) were detected in eyes with UM. VEGF concentration between the two groups was statistically borderline (P = .058). Comparison between clinical characteristics and cytokine concentrations showed a positive correlation between tumor thickness and IL-8 (P = .032), and degree of serous retinal detachment and IL-6 (P = .021). UM is characterized by the presence of retinal neuroinflammatory, angiogenic, and immune biomarkers in AH. The proteomic analysis of AH could characterize UM microenvironment, allowing to better understand its pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova
- IRCCS – Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Midena
- UOC Oftalmologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Sara Trainiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova
| | | | - Eleonora Cosmo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova
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Frizziero L, Parrozzani R, Londei D, Pilotto E, Midena E. Quantification of vascular and neuronal changes in the peripapillary retinal area secondary to diabetic retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1577-1583. [PMID: 32933938 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate and quantify peripapillary vascular and neuronal changes secondary to diabetic retinopathy, using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA). DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS 51 eyes of 51 patients affected by non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) and 19 age-matched healthy control eyes underwent full ophthalmic examination, including OCT and OCTA in the peripapillary area. Vessel area density (VAD), vessel length fraction (VLF) and vessel diameter index (VDI) were quantified in a ring-shaped region of interest of each OCTA image. Capillaries and larger vessels were separately analysed. The thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) was also analysed. RESULTS VAD and VLF of peripapillary capillaries were significantly reduced in NPDR eyes, along with the progression of NPDR (p<0.05). VDI was significantly reduced in mild (p=0.0093) and moderate (p=0.0190) NPDR eyes, but not in severe NPDR (p=0.0841). Larger peripapillary vessels showed a significant increase of both VAD and VDI in NPDR eyes. pRNFL and GCC thickness decreased in NPDR eyes, reaching statistical significance only for GCC. No statistically significant correlation was found between perfusion parameters and pRNFL and GCC thickness. CONCLUSIONS Retinal capillary remodelling in NPDR involves the peripapillary vascularisation too, as confirmed by OCTA quantitative parameters. The peripapillary macrovasculature and microvasculature need to be separately evaluated. The lack of direct correlation between peripapillary capillaries changes and the loss of retinal nerve fibres suggests that neuronal damage cannot be simply considered secondary to the microvascular one.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy .,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Fabian ID, Stacey AW, Foster A, Kivelä TT, Munier FL, Keren-Froim N, Gomel N, Cassoux N, Sagoo MS, Reddy MA, Harby LA, Zondervan M, Bascaran C, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Boubacar SA, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Aghaji AE, Portabella SA, Alfa Bio AI, Ali AM, Alia DB, All-Eriksson C, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atsiaya R, Balaguer J, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Popovic MB, Benmiloud S, Guebessi NB, Berete RC, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Blum S, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brichard BG, L MC, Castela G, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Cieslik K, Comsa C, Correa Llano MG, Csóka M, Da Gama IV, Davidson A, Potter PD, Desjardins L, Dragomir MD, Bruyn MD, Kettani AE, Elbahi AM, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Ali Elhassan MM, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fasina O, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Gandiwa M, Aldana DG, Geel JA, Gizachew Z, Gregersen PA, Guedenon KM, Hadjistilianou T, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jenkinson H, Amani Kabesha TB, Kabore RL, Kalinaki A, Kapelushnik N, Kardava T, Kemilev PK, Kepak T, Khotenashvili Z, Klett A, Kosh Komba Palet JE, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Latinović S, Lecuona K, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Lysytsia L, Maka E, Makan M, Manda C, Begue NM, Matende IO, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, Mengesha AA, Midena E, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Moll AC, Moreira C, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Muma KI, Murgoi G, Musa KO, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Neroev V, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oscar AH, Osei-Bonsu P, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Perić S, Philbert R, Pochop P, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Raobela L, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Saakyan S, Said AM, Román Pacheco SS, Scanlan TA, Schoeman J, Seregard S, Sherief ST, Cheikh SS, Silva S, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stathopoulos C, Kranjc BS, Stones DK, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tandili A, Tateshi B, Theophile T, Traoré F, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Valeina S, Hoefen Wijsard MV, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Viksnins M, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali Nigeria AH, Wime AD, Dod CW, Yanga JM, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Zein E, Sharabi S, Zhilyaeva K, Ziko OA, Bowman R. Travel burden and clinical presentation of retinoblastoma: analysis of 1024 patients from 43 African countries and 518 patients from 40 European countries. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1435-1443. [PMID: 32933936 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The travel distance from home to a treatment centre, which may impact the stage at diagnosis, has not been investigated for retinoblastoma, the most common childhood eye cancer. We aimed to investigate the travel burden and its impact on clinical presentation in a large sample of patients with retinoblastoma from Africa and Europe. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis including 518 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 40 European countries and 1024 treatment-naïve patients with retinoblastoma residing in 43 African countries. RESULTS Capture rate was 42.2% of expected patients from Africa and 108.8% from Europe. African patients were older (95% CI -12.4 to -5.4, p<0.001), had fewer cases of familial retinoblastoma (95% CI 2.0 to 5.3, p<0.001) and presented with more advanced disease (95% CI 6.0 to 9.8, p<0.001); 43.4% and 15.4% of Africans had extraocular retinoblastoma and distant metastasis at the time of diagnosis, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 1.0% of the Europeans. To reach a retinoblastoma centre, European patients travelled 421.8 km compared to Africans who travelled 185.7 km (p<0.001). On regression analysis, lower-national income level, African residence and older age (p<0.001), but not travel distance (p=0.19), were risk factors for advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS Fewer than half the expected number of patients with retinoblastoma presented to African referral centres in 2017, suggesting poor awareness or other barriers to access. Despite the relatively shorter distance travelled by African patients, they presented with later-stage disease. Health education about retinoblastoma is needed for carers and health workers in Africa in order to increase capture rate and promote early referral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ido Didi Fabian
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK .,The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Andrew W Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, US
| | - Allen Foster
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francis L Munier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Nir Gomel
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Institut curie, université de Paris medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Center for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and London Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Ashwin Reddy
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Lamis Al Harby
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Elhassan Abdallah
- Ophthalmology Department of Rabat, Mohammed V university, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | - Dupe S Ademola-Popoola
- University of Ilorin and University of IlorinTeaching Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Adedayo Adio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Ada E Aghaji
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Amany M Ali
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Donjeta B Alia
- University Hospital Center 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas J Astbury
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rose Atsiaya
- Light House For Christ Eye Center, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Julia Balaguer
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Childrens University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Honorio Barranco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maja Beck Popovic
- Unit of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sarra Benmiloud
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hassan II Fès, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Rokia C Berete
- Ophthalmologic Department of the Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'ivoire
| | | | - Eva M Biewald
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sharon Blum
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Nadia Bobrova
- The Filatov Institute of Eye diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Marianna Boehme
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Norbert Bornfeld
- University Hospital Essen, Department of Ophthalmology, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabrielle C Bouda
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hédi Bouguila
- Institut Hédi-Raïs d'Ophtalmologie de Tunis, Faculté de Médecine de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amaria Boumedane
- Etablissement Hospitalière Spécialise Emir Abdelkader CEA Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Oran, Algeria
| | | | | | - Guilherme Castela
- Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Violeta S Chernodrinska
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Krzysztof Cieslik
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Codruta Comsa
- Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu' Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Monika Csóka
- Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Alan Davidson
- Red Cross Children's War Memorial Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | - Asmaa El Kettani
- Center Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amal M Elbahi
- Tripoli Eye Hospital, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Dina Elgalaly
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Moawia M Ali Elhassan
- Oncology Department, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud M Elzembely
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Vera A Essuman
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - Oluyemi Fasina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital/University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
| | | | - Moira Gandiwa
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Jennifer A Geel
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Zelalem Gizachew
- Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Pernille A Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, and Center for Rare Disorders, Aarhus University Hopspital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Koffi M Guedenon
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Sadiq Hassan
- Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | | | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Rabat - Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Diriba F Hordofa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Marlies Hummlen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Russo Ida
- Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna R Ilic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Helen Jenkinson
- Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rolande L Kabore
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Abubakar Kalinaki
- Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Department of Ophthalmology, Kamplala, Uganda
| | - Noa Kapelushnik
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamar Kardava
- Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Pavlin Kroumov Kemilev
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tomas Kepak
- University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University and ICRC/St. Anna University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zaza Khotenashvili
- Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Artur Klett
- East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Dalia Krivaitiene
- Chidren's Ophthalmology Department, Chidren's Hospital of Vilnius, University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Alice Kyara
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Slobodanka Latinović
- Clinical Center Of Vojvodina - University Eye Clinic, Eye Research Foundation Vidar - Latinović, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Karin Lecuona
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert M Lukamba
- University Clinics of Lubumbashi, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, DRC
| | | | - Lesia Lysytsia
- The Okhmatdyt National Children's Hospital, Kiev, Ukraine
| | - Erika Maka
- Semmelweis University Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mayuri Makan
- Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Chatonda Manda
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nieves Martín Begue
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Ismail Mayet
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Freddy B Mbumba
- Botswana Government - Scottish Livingstone Hospital, Molepolole, Botswana
| | | | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ahmed A Mohamedani
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan
| | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Claude Moreira
- Service d'oncologie pédiatrique de l'hôpital Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Gerald Msukwa
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | - Gabriela Murgoi
- Oncology Institute 'Prof. Dr. Al. Trestioreanu' Bucharest, Romania
| | - Kareem O Musa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital/College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Hamzah Mustak
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Gita Naidu
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Larisa Naumenko
- N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Center of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Vladimir Neroev
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Elizabeth D Nkanga
- Calabar Children's Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Cross River State, Nigeria
| | - Henry Nkumbe
- Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | | | - Ngozi C Oguego
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Olechowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alexander Hugo Oscar
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Sally L Painter
- Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Luisa Paiva
- National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Ruzanna Papyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R.H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Manoj Parulekar
- Birmingham Children's Hospital Eye Department, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Katarzyna Pawinska-Wasikowska
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Childrens University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sanja Perić
- University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Remezo Philbert
- Center Hospitaliere Universitaire de Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | - Pavel Pochop
- Department of Ophthalmology for Children and Adults, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir G Polyakov
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manca T Pompe
- Univ. Medical Center Ljubljana, Univ.Eye Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Léa Raobela
- Center Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Lorna A Renner
- University of Ghana School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Petra Ritter-Sovinz
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Svetlana Saakyan
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Azza Ma Said
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | | | | | - Sadik T Sherief
- Addis Ababa University, School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sidi Sidi Cheikh
- Ophthalmology department, Nouakchott Medical University, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Sónia Silva
- Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Grace Ssali
- Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital, Kamplala, Uganda
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Branka Stirn Kranjc
- Univ. Medical Center Ljubljana, Univ.Eye Hospital Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David K Stones
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free Sate, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Karel Svojgr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gevorg Tamamyan
- Yerevan State Medical University, Department of Oncology and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R.H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Alketa Tandili
- University Hospital Center 'Mother Theresa', Tirana, Albania
| | | | | | - Fousseyni Traoré
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Gabriel Toure Hospital, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Ali B Umar
- Bayero University, Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Steen F Urbak
- Department of ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatiana L Ushakova
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Nevyana V Veleva-Krasteva
- Eye Clinic, University Hospital 'Alexandrovska', Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amelia Dc Wime
- National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | | | - Jenny M Yanga
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, DRC
| | - Vera A Yarovaya
- S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Yarovoy
- S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekhtelbenina Zein
- Assistante Hospitalo - Universitaire, Faculte de Medecine de Nouakchott Medecin Oncopediatre, Center National d'Oncologie, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Shirley Sharabi
- Radiology Department, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | | | - Othman Ao Ziko
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Richard Bowman
- Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, London, UK
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Pilotto E, Nacci EB, Ferrara AM, De Mojà G, Zovato S, Midena E. Macular Perfusion Impairment in Von Hippel-Lindau Disease Suggests a Generalized Retinal Vessel Alteration. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9082677. [PMID: 32824842 PMCID: PMC7464479 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9082677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To evaluate macular perfusion in patients with Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease. Methods: VHL patients with or without peripheral retinal hemangioblastomas (RHs) were consecutively enrolled. A group of healthy subjects served as controls. Macular perfusion was analyzed by means of OCT angiography (OCTA) in the superficial vascular plexus (SVP), and in the intermediate (ICP) and deep retinal capillary (DCP) plexuses. The following OCTA parameters were measured: Vessel Area Density (VAD), Vessel Length Fraction (VLF), Vessel Diameter Index (VDI) and Fractal Dimension (FD). Results: Sixty-three VHL patients (113 eyes) and 28 healthy controls (56 eyes) were enrolled. All OCTA quantitative parameters were reduced in VHL patients vs. controls, reaching statistical significance for VAD of the SVP (0.348 ± 0.07 vs. 0.369 ± 0.06, p = 0.0368) and VDI of all plexuses (p < 0.03 for all). No significant differences were detected between eyes without or with peripheral RHs. Conclusions: Macular perfusion is reduced in VHL patients demonstrating retinal vessel changes that are independent of the presence of peripheral RHs. VHL gene mutations disrupt the hypoxia-induced (HIF)/vascular endothelium growth factors (VEGF) pathway and the Notch signaling, both essential for the normal retinal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Therefore, an anomalous generalized retinal vascular development may be hypothesized in VHL disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Pilotto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.M.); (E.M.)
| | | | | | - Gilda De Mojà
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.M.); (E.M.)
| | - Stefania Zovato
- Familial Tumor Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35122 Padova, Italy; (A.M.F.); (S.Z.)
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.D.M.); (E.M.)
- IRCCS—Fondazione G. B. Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
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Parrozzani R, Lombardi G, Midena E, Leonardi F, Londei D, Padovan M, Caccese M, Marchione G, Bini S, Zagonel V, Frizziero L. Corneal side effects induced by EGFR-inhibitor antibody-drug conjugate ABT-414 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a prospective clinical and confocal microscopy study. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2020; 12:1758835920907543. [PMID: 32550861 PMCID: PMC7278095 DOI: 10.1177/1758835920907543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively analyse, for the first time
worldwide by in vivo clinical confocal microscopy (CCM),
corneal side effects secondary to the use of epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR) inhibitor depatuxizumab mafodotin (ABT-414) in a cohort of
patients affected by EGFR-amplified recurrent glioblastoma. Methods: Each enrolled patient underwent full ophthalmologic examination including
in vivo CCM of the cornea. Each patient was examined at
baseline and every 2 weeks during treatment as long as patient conditions
allowed it. Results: A total of 10 patients were consecutively enrolled. Median follow-up was
5 months. No Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events Version 4.0
grade 4 toxicity was documented. Two (20%) grade 3 toxicities were
documented at week 8. CCM examination detected in all eyes multiple and
diffuse hyperreflective white round spots in the corneal basal epithelial
layers (100%), progressive subbasal nerve plexus layer fibres fragmentation
followed by full disappearance (100%) and appearance of round cystic
structures in the corneal epithelium (100%). All CCM documented side effects
reached the peak of prevalence and severity after a median of 3 infusions.
After treatment discontinuation, the reversibility of corneal side effects
was documented at CCM after a median of 4 weeks. Conclusion: ABT-414 toxicity is not only directed to the corneal epithelium, but also to
corneal nerves. Side effects are detectable in all treated patients and CCM
documents early corneal epithelium and subbasal nerve plexus toxicity, with
subsequent progressive restoration after treatment discontinuation. Ocular
side effects due to ABT-414 can be manageable.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Lombardi
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova, 35128, Italy IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Padovan
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Caccese
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Marchione
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bini
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Vittorina Zagonel
- Department of Oncology, Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Fabian ID, Abdallah E, Abdullahi SU, Abdulqader RA, Adamou Boubacar S, Ademola-Popoola DS, Adio A, Afshar AR, Aggarwal P, Aghaji AE, Ahmad A, Akib MNR, Al Harby L, Al Ani MH, Alakbarova A, Portabella SA, Al-Badri SAF, Alcasabas APA, Al-Dahmash SA, Alejos A, Alemany-Rubio E, Alfa Bio AI, Alfonso Carreras Y, Al-Haddad C, Al-Hussaini HHY, Ali AM, Alia DB, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Jumaily U, Alkatan HM, All-Eriksson C, Al-Mafrachi AARM, Almeida AA, Alsawidi KM, Al-Shaheen AASM, Al-Shammary EH, Amiruddin PO, Antonino R, Astbury NJ, Atalay HT, Atchaneeyasakul LO, Atsiaya R, Attaseth T, Aung TH, Ayala S, Baizakova B, Balaguer J, Balayeva R, Balwierz W, Barranco H, Bascaran C, Beck Popovic M, Benavides R, Benmiloud S, Bennani Guebessi N, Berete RC, Berry JL, Bhaduri A, Bhat S, Biddulph SJ, Biewald EM, Bobrova N, Boehme M, Boldt HC, Bonanomi MTBC, Bornfeld N, Bouda GC, Bouguila H, Boumedane A, Brennan RC, Brichard BG, Buaboonnam J, Calderón-Sotelo P, Calle Jara DA, Camuglia JE, Cano MR, Capra M, Cassoux N, Castela G, Castillo L, Català-Mora J, Chantada GL, Chaudhry S, Chaugule SS, Chauhan A, Chawla B, Chernodrinska VS, Chiwanga FS, Chuluunbat T, Cieslik K, Cockcroft RL, Comsa C, Correa ZM, Correa Llano MG, Corson TW, Cowan-Lyn KE, Csóka M, Cui X, Da Gama IV, Dangboon W, Das A, Das S, Davanzo JM, Davidson A, De Potter P, Delgado KQ, Demirci H, Desjardins L, Diaz Coronado RY, Dimaras H, Dodgshun AJ, Donaldson C, Donato Macedo CR, Dragomir MD, Du Y, Du Bruyn M, Edison KS, Eka Sutyawan IW, El Kettani A, Elbahi AM, Elder JE, Elgalaly D, Elhaddad AM, Elhassan MMA, Elzembely MM, Essuman VA, Evina TGA, Fadoo Z, Fandiño AC, Faranoush M, Fasina O, Fernández DDPG, Fernández-Teijeiro A, Foster A, Frenkel S, Fu LD, Fuentes-Alabi SL, Gallie BL, Gandiwa M, Garcia JL, García Aldana D, Gassant PY, Geel JA, Ghassemi F, Girón AV, Gizachew Z, Goenz MA, Gold AS, Goldberg-Lavid M, Gole GA, Gomel N, Gonzalez E, Gonzalez Perez G, González-Rodríguez L, Garcia Pacheco HN, Graells J, Green L, Gregersen PA, Grigorovski NDAK, Guedenon KM, Gunasekera DS, Gündüz AK, Gupta H, Gupta S, Hadjistilianou T, Hamel P, Hamid SA, Hamzah N, Hansen ED, Harbour JW, Hartnett ME, Hasanreisoglu M, Hassan S, Hassan S, Hederova S, Hernandez J, Hernandez LMC, Hessissen L, Hordofa DF, Huang LC, Hubbard GB, Hummlen M, Husakova K, Hussein Al-Janabi AN, Ida R, Ilic VR, Jairaj V, Jeeva I, Jenkinson H, Ji X, Jo DH, Johnson KP, Johnson WJ, Jones MM, Kabesha TBA, Kabore RL, Kaliki S, Kalinaki A, Kantar M, Kao LY, Kardava T, Kebudi R, Kepak T, Keren-Froim N, Khan ZJ, Khaqan HA, Khauv P, Kheir WJ, Khetan V, Khodabande A, Khotenashvili Z, Kim JW, Kim JH, Kiratli H, Kivelä TT, Klett A, Komba Palet JEK, Krivaitiene D, Kruger M, Kulvichit K, Kuntorini MW, Kyara A, Lachmann ES, Lam CPS, Lam GC, Larson SA, Latinovic S, Laurenti KD, Le BHA, Lecuona K, Leverant AA, Li C, Limbu B, Long QB, López JP, Lukamba RM, Lumbroso L, Luna-Fineman S, Lutfi D, Lysytsia L, Magrath GN, Mahajan A, Majeed AR, Maka E, Makan M, Makimbetov EK, Manda C, Martín Begue N, Mason L, Mason JO, Matende IO, Materin M, Mattosinho CCDS, Matua M, Mayet I, Mbumba FB, McKenzie JD, Medina-Sanson A, Mehrvar A, Mengesha AA, Menon V, Mercado GJVD, Mets MB, Midena E, Mishra DKC, Mndeme FG, Mohamedani AA, Mohammad MT, Moll AC, Montero MM, Morales RA, Moreira C, Mruthyunjaya P, Msina MS, Msukwa G, Mudaliar SS, Muma KI, Munier FL, Murgoi G, Murray TG, Musa KO, Mushtaq A, Mustak H, Muyen OM, Naidu G, Nair AG, Naumenko L, Ndoye Roth PA, Nency YM, Neroev V, Ngo H, Nieves RM, Nikitovic M, Nkanga ED, Nkumbe H, Nuruddin M, Nyaywa M, Obono-Obiang G, Oguego NC, Olechowski A, Oliver SCN, Osei-Bonsu P, Ossandon D, Paez-Escamilla MA, Pagarra H, Painter SL, Paintsil V, Paiva L, Pal BP, Palanivelu MS, Papyan R, Parrozzani R, Parulekar M, Pascual Morales CR, Paton KE, Pawinska-Wasikowska K, Pe'er J, Peña A, Peric S, Pham CTM, Philbert R, Plager DA, Pochop P, Polania RA, Polyakov VG, Pompe MT, Pons JJ, Prat D, Prom V, Purwanto I, Qadir AO, Qayyum S, Qian J, Rahman A, Rahman S, Rahmat J, Rajkarnikar P, Ramanjulu R, Ramasubramanian A, Ramirez-Ortiz MA, Raobela L, Rashid R, Reddy MA, Reich E, Renner LA, Reynders D, Ribadu D, Riheia MM, Ritter-Sovinz P, Rojanaporn D, Romero L, Roy SR, Saab RH, Saakyan S, Sabhan AH, Sagoo MS, Said AMA, Saiju R, Salas B, San Román Pacheco S, Sánchez GL, Sayalith P, Scanlan TA, Schefler AC, Schoeman J, Sedaghat A, Seregard S, Seth R, Shah AS, Shakoor SA, Sharma MK, Sherief ST, Shetye NG, Shields CL, Siddiqui SN, Sidi Cheikh S, Silva S, Singh AD, Singh N, Singh U, Singha P, Sitorus RS, Skalet AH, Soebagjo HD, Sorochynska T, Ssali G, Stacey AW, Staffieri SE, Stahl ED, Stathopoulos C, Stirn Kranjc B, Stones DK, Strahlendorf C, Suarez MEC, Sultana S, Sun X, Sundy M, Superstein R, Supriyadi E, Surukrattanaskul S, Suzuki S, Svojgr K, Sylla F, Tamamyan G, Tan D, Tandili A, Tarrillo Leiva FF, Tashvighi M, Tateshi B, Tehuteru ES, Teixeira LF, Teh KH, Theophile T, Toledano H, Trang DL, Traoré F, Trichaiyaporn S, Tuncer S, Tyau-Tyau H, Umar AB, Unal E, Uner OE, Urbak SF, Ushakova TL, Usmanov RH, Valeina S, van Hoefen Wijsard M, Varadisai A, Vasquez L, Vaughan LO, Veleva-Krasteva NV, Verma N, Victor AA, Viksnins M, Villacís Chafla EG, Vishnevskia-Dai V, Vora T, Wachtel AE, Wackernagel W, Waddell K, Wade PD, Wali AH, Wang YZ, Weiss A, Wilson MW, Wime ADC, Wiwatwongwana A, Wiwatwongwana D, Wolley Dod C, Wongwai P, Xiang D, Xiao Y, Yam JC, Yang H, Yanga JM, Yaqub MA, Yarovaya VA, Yarovoy AA, Ye H, Yousef YA, Yuliawati P, Zapata López AM, Zein E, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Zheng X, Zhilyaeva K, Zia N, Ziko OAO, Zondervan M, Bowman R. Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level. JAMA Oncol 2020; 6:685-695. [PMID: 32105305 PMCID: PMC7047856 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.6716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Importance Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ido Didi Fabian
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elhassan Abdallah
- Ophthalmology Department of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | | | - Adedayo Adio
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Ada E Aghaji
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Alia Ahmad
- The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Lamis Al Harby
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aygun Alakbarova
- Zarifa Aliyeva National Center of Ophthalmology, Baku, Azerbaijan
| | | | - Safaa A F Al-Badri
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Amanda Alejos
- Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | - Christiane Al-Haddad
- Department of Ophthalmology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Amany M Ali
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Donjeta B Alia
- University Hospital Center Mother Theresa, Tirana, Albania
| | - Mazin F Al-Jadiry
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Hind M Alkatan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nicholas J Astbury
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hatice T Atalay
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Rose Atsiaya
- Lighthouse For Christ Eye Centre, Mombasa, Kenya
| | - Taweevat Attaseth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Than H Aung
- Yangon Eye Hospital, University of Medicine 1, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Baglan Baizakova
- Scientific Center of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Julia Balaguer
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Walentyna Balwierz
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Children's University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Honorio Barranco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Covadonga Bascaran
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maja Beck Popovic
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raquel Benavides
- Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr Carlos Sáenz Herrera, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Sarra Benmiloud
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University Hassan II Fès, Fez, Morocco
| | | | - Rokia C Berete
- Ophthalmologic Department of the Teaching Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Jesse L Berry
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | | | - Sunil Bhat
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Eva M Biewald
- Department of Ophthalmology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nadia Bobrova
- The Filatov Institute of Eye Diseases and Tissue Therapy, Odessa, Ukraine
| | - Marianna Boehme
- Department of Ophthalmology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - H C Boldt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | | | - Norbert Bornfeld
- Department of Ophthalmology, Essen University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gabrielle C Bouda
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Hédi Bouguila
- Institut Hédi Raïs d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amaria Boumedane
- Etablissement Hospitalière Spécialise Emir Abdelkader CEA Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique, Oran, Algeria
| | - Rachel C Brennan
- Solid Tumor Division, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | | | | | | | - Jayne E Camuglia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Miriam R Cano
- Salud Ocular, Ministerio de Salud Publica, Asuncion, Paraguay
| | | | - Nathalie Cassoux
- Institut Curie, Université de Paris Medicine Paris V Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Guilherme Castela
- Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Guillermo L Chantada
- Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- NationalScientific and Technical Research Council, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Shabana Chaudhry
- Paediatric Ophthalmology Department, Mayo Hospital and College of Allied Visual Sciences, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sonal S Chaugule
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic Surgery, Orbit and Ocular Oncology, PBMA's H. V. Desai Eye Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Bhavna Chawla
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Violeta S Chernodrinska
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Krzysztof Cieslik
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Codruta Comsa
- Institute of Oncology, Prof. Dr Al. Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Zelia M Correa
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuehao Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Wantanee Dangboon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Anirban Das
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | - Sima Das
- Ocular Oncology Services, Dr Shroff's Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Alan Davidson
- Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital and the University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Hakan Demirci
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kellogg Eye Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Helen Dimaras
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew J Dodgshun
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago, Christchurch, Children's Haematology and Oncology Center, Christchurch Hospital, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Craig Donaldson
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Monica D Dragomir
- Institute of Oncology, Prof. Dr Al. Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Yi Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Kemala S Edison
- Ophthalmology Department, Dr M. Djamil General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | - I Wayan Eka Sutyawan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Eye Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | - Asmaa El Kettani
- Center Hospitalier et Universitaire Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Amal M Elbahi
- Tripoli Eye Hospital, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
| | - James E Elder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dina Elgalaly
- Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt 57357, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Moawia M Ali Elhassan
- Department of Oncology, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wadi Madani, Sudan
| | - Mahmoud M Elzembely
- Pediatric Oncology Department, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Vera A Essuman
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Mohammad Faranoush
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oluyemi Fasina
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Allen Foster
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Shahar Frenkel
- Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Soad L Fuentes-Alabi
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Benjamin Bloom National Children's Hospital, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | | | - Moira Gandiwa
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer A Geel
- Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fariba Ghassemi
- Retina and Vitreous Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ana V Girón
- Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Zelalem Gizachew
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Marco A Goenz
- Pediatric Oncology Department, Benjamin Bloom National Children's Hospital, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Aaron S Gold
- Murray Ocular Oncology and Retina, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Glen A Gole
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nir Gomel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sourasky Medical Center Tel Aviv, School of Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Efren Gonzalez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Henry N Garcia Pacheco
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Instituto Regional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas del Sur, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Jaime Graells
- Unidad de Oncologia Ocular Hospital Oncologico Luis Razzetti, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Liz Green
- IAM NOOR Eye Care Programme, Afghanistan
| | - Pernille A Gregersen
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Center for Rare Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Koffi M Guedenon
- Département de Pédiatrie, CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Université de Lomé, Lomé, Togo
| | | | - Ahmet K Gündüz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Himika Gupta
- Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India
| | - Sanjiv Gupta
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Patrick Hamel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Eric D Hansen
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - J William Harbour
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Murat Hasanreisoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sadiq Hassan
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Shadab Hassan
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Jose Hernandez
- Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen, Lima, Perú
| | | | - Laila Hessissen
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Center, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Diriba F Hordofa
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Jimma University Medical Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Laura C Huang
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | | | - Marlies Hummlen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Russo Ida
- Bambino Gesù IRCCS Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Vesna R Ilic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Helen Jenkinson
- Eye Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Xunda Ji
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Hyun Jo
- Fight Against Angiogenesis-Related Blindness Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - William J Johnson
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Michael M Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Rolande L Kabore
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouédraogo de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Abubakar Kalinaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kamplala, Uganda
| | - Mehmet Kantar
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, School of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Tamar Kardava
- Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Rejin Kebudi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine and Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tomas Kepak
- St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Masaryk University, and International Clinical Research Center/St Anna University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Hussain A Khaqan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Ameer-Ud-Din Medical College, Lahore General Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Phara Khauv
- Angkor Hospital for Children, Krong Siem Reap, Cambodia
| | - Wajiha J Kheir
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Alireza Khodabande
- Retina and Vitreous Service, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zaza Khotenashvili
- Ophthalmology Department, Central Children's Hospital of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Jonathan W Kim
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayyam Kiratli
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Tero T Kivelä
- Ocular Oncology Service, Department of Ophthalmology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Artur Klett
- East Tallinn Central Hospital, Tallinn, Estonia
| | | | - Dalia Krivaitiene
- Children's Ophthalmology Department, Children's Hospital of Vilnius, University Hospital Santaros Clinic, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Mariana Kruger
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Kittisak Kulvichit
- Vitreo-Retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Alice Kyara
- Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Eva S Lachmann
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carol P S Lam
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Geoffrey C Lam
- Perth Children's Hospital, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Scott A Larson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Slobodanka Latinovic
- Clinical Center of Vojvodina, University Eye Clinic, Eye Research Foundation Vidar-Latinović, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Kelly D Laurenti
- Division of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Bao Han A Le
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, and University of Southern California Roski Eye Institute, Los Angeles
| | - Karin Lecuona
- Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Cairui Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali City, China
| | - Ben Limbu
- Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Juan P López
- Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert M Lukamba
- University Clinics of Lubumbashi, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Democratic Rrepublic of Congo
| | | | - Sandra Luna-Fineman
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Stem Cell Transplantation, Center for Global Health, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora
| | - Delfitri Lutfi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - George N Magrath
- Storm Eye Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston
| | - Amita Mahajan
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Apollo Center for Advanced Pediatrics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Erika Maka
- Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mayuri Makan
- Sekuru Kaguvi Eye Unit, Parirenyatwa Group of Hospitals, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | | | - Chatonda Manda
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Nieves Martín Begue
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Miguel Materin
- Duke Eye Center, Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina
| | | | - Marchelo Matua
- Ruharo Eye Centre, Ruharo Mission Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Ismail Mayet
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - John D McKenzie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Ocular Oncology, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aurora Medina-Sanson
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Azim Mehrvar
- MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center, Mahak Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Marilyn B Mets
- Division of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, and Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Ahmed A Mohamedani
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | | | - Annette C Moll
- Department of Ophthalmology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Rosa A Morales
- Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesús Rivera, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Claude Moreira
- Service d'Oncologie Pédiatrique de l'Hôpital Aristide le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | | | - Gerald Msukwa
- Lions Sight First Eye Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, Blantyre, Malawi
| | | | | | - Francis L Munier
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gabriela Murgoi
- Institute of Oncology, Prof. Dr Al. Trestioreanu, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Kareem O Musa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Asma Mushtaq
- The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamzah Mustak
- Division of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Gita Naidu
- University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Akshay Gopinathan Nair
- Aditya Jyot Eye Hospital, Mumbai, India
- Lokmanya Tilak Municipal General Hospital and Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Larisa Naumenko
- N.N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre of Belarus, Minsk, Belarus
| | | | - Yetty M Nency
- Child Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
| | - Vladimir Neroev
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Hang Ngo
- Ho Chi Minh Eye Hospital, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Rosa M Nieves
- Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Marina Nikitovic
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Elizabeth D Nkanga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Calabar Children's Eye Center, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar Nigeria
| | - Henry Nkumbe
- Magrabi ICO Cameroon Eye Institute, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Murtuza Nuruddin
- Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Ngozi C Oguego
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Andrzej Olechowski
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Scott C N Oliver
- Sue Anschutz-Rodgers Eye Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | | | - Diego Ossandon
- Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Sally L Painter
- Eye Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luisa Paiva
- National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | - Bikramjit P Pal
- H M Diwan Eye Foundation, and Tata Medical Center, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ruzanna Papyan
- Department of Oncology, Yerevan State Medical University, and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R. H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | | | - Manoj Parulekar
- Eye Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Katarzyna Pawinska-Wasikowska
- Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Children's University Hospital of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jacob Pe'er
- Hadassah Medical Center, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Sanja Peric
- University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Chau T M Pham
- Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Remezo Philbert
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kamenge, Bujumbura, Burundi
| | | | - Pavel Pochop
- Department of Ophthalmology for Children and Adults, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Vladimir G Polyakov
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Manca T Pompe
- University Eye Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Daphna Prat
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Ignatius Purwanto
- Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Seema Qayyum
- The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Jiang Qian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ardizal Rahman
- Ophthalmology Department, Dr M. Djamil General Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, West Sumatra, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marco A Ramirez-Ortiz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Léa Raobela
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Riffat Rashid
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M Ashwin Reddy
- The Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, and Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ehud Reich
- Department of Ophthalmology, Davidoff Center for Oncology, Rabin Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Israel
| | - Lorna A Renner
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | | | - Petra Ritter-Sovinz
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Duangnate Rojanaporn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Livia Romero
- Unidad de Oncologia Ocular Hospital Oncologico Luis Razzetti, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Soma R Roy
- Chittagong Eye Infirmary and Training Complex, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Raya H Saab
- Children's Cancer Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Svetlana Saakyan
- Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ahmed H Sabhan
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Children Welfare Teaching Hospital, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mandeep S Sagoo
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology, Moorfields Eye Hospital, and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology and London Retinoblastoma Service, Royal London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Azza M A Said
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rohit Saiju
- Tilganga Institute of Ophthalmology, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Beatriz Salas
- Hospital Dr Manuel Ascencio Villarroel, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ahad Sedaghat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rasool Akram Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Rachna Seth
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ankoor S Shah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Sadik T Sherief
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Carol L Shields
- Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sorath Noorani Siddiqui
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sidi Sidi Cheikh
- Ophthalmology Department, Nouakchott Medical University, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Sónia Silva
- Centro Hospital Universitário de Coimbra, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Arun D Singh
- Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Usha Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Penny Singha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Songklanagarind Hospital, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - Rita S Sitorus
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, and Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alison H Skalet
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Hendrian D Soebagjo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr Soetomo General Hospital, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | | | - Grace Ssali
- Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Andrew W Stacey
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Sandra E Staffieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erin D Stahl
- Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Christina Stathopoulos
- Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile de Aveugles, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Branka Stirn Kranjc
- University Eye Hospital Ljubljana, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - David K Stones
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | | | - Sadia Sultana
- Department of Oculoplasty and Ocular Oncology, Ispahani Islamia Eye Institute and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Xiantao Sun
- Henan Children's Hospital, Affiliated Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meryl Sundy
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland
| | - Rosanne Superstein
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eddy Supriyadi
- Sardjito Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Shigenobu Suzuki
- Department of Ophthalmic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Karel Svojgr
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Gevorg Tamamyan
- Department of Oncology, Yerevan State Medical University, and Pediatric Cancer and Blood Disorders Center of Armenia, Hematology Center after R. H. Yeolyan, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Deborah Tan
- Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alketa Tandili
- University Hospital Center Mother Theresa, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - Maryam Tashvighi
- MAHAK Hematology Oncology Research Center, Mahak Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Edi S Tehuteru
- National Cancer Center, Dharmais Cancer Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Luiz F Teixeira
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ophthalmology Department, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kok Hoi Teh
- Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Helen Toledano
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doan L Trang
- Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Fousseyni Traoré
- Pediatric Oncology Service, Gabriel Toure Hospital, Bamako, Mali
| | | | - Samuray Tuncer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ocular Oncology Service, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ali B Umar
- Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Emel Unal
- Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Steen F Urbak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tatiana L Ushakova
- Head and Neck Tumors Department, SRI of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
- Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Adisai Varadisai
- Vitreo-Retina Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Nevyana V Veleva-Krasteva
- Eye Clinic, Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Andi A Victor
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, and Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | | - Vicktoria Vishnevskia-Dai
- The Goldschleger Eye Institute, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Keith Waddell
- Ruharo Eye Centre, Ruharo Mission Hospital, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | - Yi-Zhuo Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Avery Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Matthew W Wilson
- Department of Surgery, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Amelia D C Wime
- National Ophthalmological Institute of Angola, Luanda, Angola
| | | | | | | | - Phanthipha Wongwai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Daoman Xiang
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Guangzhou Children's Hospital and Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jason C Yam
- Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huasheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jenny M Yanga
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | | | - Vera A Yarovaya
- S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Yarovoy
- S.Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russia
| | - Huijing Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Putu Yuliawati
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Sanglah Eye Hospital, Bali, Indonesia
| | | | - Ekhtelbenina Zein
- Assistante Hospitalo Universitaire, Faculte de Medecine de Nouakchott Medecin Oncopediatre, Center National d'Oncologie, Nouakchott, Mauritania
| | - Chengyue Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Paediatrics, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyang Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Nida Zia
- The Indus Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Othman A O Ziko
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marcia Zondervan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Bowman
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Ophthalmology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Hernández C, Porta M, Bandello F, Grauslund J, Harding SP, Aldington SJ, Egan C, Frydkjaer-Olsen U, García-Arumí J, Gibson J, Lang GE, Lattanzio R, Massin P, Midena E, Ponsati B, Ribeiro L, Scanlon P, Cunha-Vaz J, Simó R. The Usefulness of Serum Biomarkers in the Early Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy: Results of the EUROCONDOR Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041233. [PMID: 32344735 PMCID: PMC7231127 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of serum biomarkers to predict the worsening of retinal neurodysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes. For this purpose, we measured selected molecules (N-epsilon-carboxy methyl lysine (CML), laminin P1 (Lam-P1), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)) in the serum of 341 participants of the EUROCONDOR study at baseline, 24, and 48 weeks. Retinal neurodysfunction was assessed by measuring implicit time (IT) using multifocal electroretinography, and structural changes were examined by spectral domain–optical coherence tomography. The values of IT at baseline were directly correlated with baseline serum concentrations of CML (r = 0.135, p = 0.013). Furthermore, in the placebo group, increase in CML concentration throughout follow-up correlated with the IT (r = 0.20; p = 0.03). Baseline serum levels of CML also correlated with macular retinal thickness (RT) (r = 0.231; p < 0.001). Baseline Lam-P1 levels correlated with the increase of the RT at the end of follow-up in the placebo group (r = 0.22; p = 0.016). We provide evidence that CML may be a biomarker of both retinal neurodysfunction and RT, whereas Lam-P1 was associated with RT only. Therefore, circulating levels of these molecules could provide a complementary tool for monitoring the early changes of diabetic retinopathy (DR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Hernández
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Porta
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Jakob Grauslund
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.G.); (U.F.-O.)
| | - Simon P. Harding
- Department of Eye & Vision Science, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, and St. Pauls’ Eye Unit. Liverpool University Hospitals, members of Liverpool Health Partners, Liverpool L69 7ZX, UK;
| | - Stephen J. Aldington
- Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cheltenham GL53 7AG, UK; (S.J.A.); (P.S.)
| | - Catherine Egan
- Moorfields Eye Hospital National Health Service Foundation Trust, Institute of Ophthalmology/University College London, London EC1V 2PD, UK;
| | - Ulrik Frydkjaer-Olsen
- Research Unit of Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark; (J.G.); (U.F.-O.)
| | - José García-Arumí
- Department of Ophthalmology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jonathan Gibson
- Department of Vision Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;
| | - Gabriele E. Lang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Rosangela Lattanzio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scientific Institute San Raffaele, University Vita-Salute, 20132 Milano, Italy; (F.B.); (R.L.)
| | - Pascale Massin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lariboisière Hospital, 75004 Paris, France;
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | | | - Luísa Ribeiro
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.R.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Peter Scanlon
- Gloucestershire Hospitals National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cheltenham GL53 7AG, UK; (S.J.A.); (P.S.)
| | - José Cunha-Vaz
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (L.R.); (J.C.-V.)
| | - Rafael Simó
- Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit and CIBERDEM, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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Pilotto E, Miante S, Torresin T, Puthenparampil M, Frizziero L, Federle L, Gallo P, Midena E. Hyperreflective Foci in the Retina of Active Relapse-Onset Multiple Sclerosis. Ophthalmology 2020; 127:1774-1776. [PMID: 32359844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Miante
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Marco Puthenparampil
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | | | - Lisa Federle
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Gallo
- Multiple Sclerosis Centre of the Veneto Region, Neurology Clinic, Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Kivelä T, Piperno-Neumann S, Desjardins L, Schmittel A, Bechrakis N, Midena E, Leyvraz S, Zografos L, Grange JD, Ract-Madoux G, Marshall E, Damato B, Eskelin S. Addendum to: Validation of a Prognostic Staging for Metastatic Uveal Melanoma: A Collaborative Study of the European Ophthalmic Oncology Group. Am J Ophthalmol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Frisina R, De Biasi CS, Londei D, Gambato C, Midena E. A new intraocular lens with artificial iris for treating a case of iris extrusion secondary to traumatic opening of a radial keratotomy. Eur J Ophthalmol 2020; 31:NP5-NP10. [PMID: 31973591 DOI: 10.1177/1120672120902035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Traumatic globe rupture can lead to aniridia with subsequent glare, light sensitivity and psychological discomfort. The authors report the results of a sulcus implantation of a new intraocular lens with artificial iris (Reper) in an eye affected by traumatic opening of a radial keratotomy incision with total iris extrusion and subluxated cataract. METHODS A case of 56-year-old female affected by aniridia and subluxated cataract in left eye secondary to a traumatic opening of one of 12 radial keratotomy underwent a Reper implantation with three-point transcleral fixation. The following parameters were collected at 1, 3 and 6 postoperative months: best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT), simulated keratometry (Sim K), endothelial cell count (ECC) and anterior chamber depth (ACD). Pupil spread function study was performed to evaluate the high-order aberrations and the quality of vision. RESULTS BCVA improved from light perception to 20/20 (Snellen fraction) at 6 postoperative months. No IOP postoperative peaks were detected. CCT was 520 μm at 6 postoperative months. Corneal topography showed regularization with symmetrical flattening of the central part and a residual peripheral curvature. No significant reduction of ECC was detected. ACD was stable, superior to 3 mm at each time point of follow-up. Pupil spread function study highlighted that the quality of vision was the same in both eyes at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSION Reper is a promising functional and cosmetic solution for the treatment of aphakia and aniridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Frisina
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Davide Londei
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Catia Gambato
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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47
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Panozzo G, Cicinelli MV, Augustin AJ, Battaglia Parodi M, Cunha-Vaz J, Guarnaccia G, Kodjikian L, Jampol LM, Jünemann A, Lanzetta P, Löwenstein A, Midena E, Navarro R, Querques G, Ricci F, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Silva RMD, Sivaprasad S, Varano M, Virgili G, Bandello F. An optical coherence tomography-based grading of diabetic maculopathy proposed by an international expert panel: The European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology classification. Eur J Ophthalmol 2019; 30:8-18. [PMID: 31718271 DOI: 10.1177/1120672119880394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To present an authoritative, universal, easy-to-use morphologic classification of diabetic maculopathy based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography. METHODS The first draft of the project was developed based on previously published classifications and a literature search regarding the spectral domain optical coherence tomography quantitative and qualitative features of diabetic maculopathy. This draft was sent to an international panel of retina experts for a first revision. The panel met at the European School for Advanced Studies in Ophthalmology headquarters in Lugano, Switzerland, and elaborated the final document. RESULTS Seven tomographic qualitative and quantitative features are taken into account and scored according to a grading protocol termed TCED-HFV, which includes foveal thickness (T), corresponding to either central subfoveal thickness or macular volume, intraretinal cysts (C), the ellipsoid zone (EZ) and/or external limiting membrane (ELM) status (E), presence of disorganization of the inner retinal layers (D), number of hyperreflective foci (H), subfoveal fluid (F), and vitreoretinal relationship (V). Four different stages of the disease, that is, early diabetic maculopathy, advanced diabetic maculopathy, severe diabetic maculopathy, and atrophic maculopathy, are based on the first four variables, namely the T, C, E, and D. The different stages reflect progressive severity of the disease. CONCLUSION A novel grading system of diabetic maculopathy is hereby proposed. The classification is aimed at providing a simple, direct, objective tool to classify diabetic maculopathy (irrespective to the treatment status) even for non-retinal experts and can be used for therapeutic and prognostic purposes, as well as for correct evaluation and reproducibility of clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Albert J Augustin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Staedtisches Klinikum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maurizio Battaglia Parodi
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Josè Cunha-Vaz
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image (AIBILI), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Laurent Kodjikian
- Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, CHU de LYON, Hospices Civils de Lyon & Université de Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lee Merrill Jampol
- Department of Ophthalmology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anselm Jünemann
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Paolo Lanzetta
- Istituto Europeo di Microchirurgia Oculare (IEMO), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anat Löwenstein
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe Querques
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Federico Ricci
- UOSD Patologie Retiniche, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth
- Vienna Clinical Trial Center (VTC), Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rufino Martins da Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Monica Varano
- IRCCS Fondazione G.B. Bietti per lo Studio e la Ricerca in Oftalmologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianni Virgili
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandello
- Department of Ophthalmology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Schmidt-Erfurth U, Garcia-Arumi J, Gerendas BS, Midena E, Sivaprasad S, Tadayoni R, Wolf S, Loewenstein A. Guidelines for the Management of Retinal Vein Occlusion by the European Society of Retina Specialists (EURETINA). Ophthalmologica 2019; 242:123-162. [PMID: 31412332 DOI: 10.1159/000502041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The high prevalence of cardiovascular disease particularly in the elderly population is associated with retinal vascular disease. Retinal vein occlusions represent severe disturbances of the hypoxia-sensitive neurosensory retina. Acute and excessive leakage leads to the diagnostic hallmarks of retinal hemorrhage and edema with substantial retinal thickening. Advanced diagnostic tools such as OCT angiography allow to evaluate retinal ischemia and identify the risk for late complications and will soon reach clinical routine besides fluorescein angiography. Accordingly, the duration of non-perfusion is a crucial prognostic factor requiring timely therapeutic intervention. With immediate inhibition of vascular leakage, anti-VEGF substances excel as treatment of choice. Multiple clinical trials with optimal potential for functional benefit or a lesser regenerative spectrum have evaluated aflibercept, ranibizumab, and bevacizumab. As retinal vein occlusion is a chronic disease, long-term monitoring should be individualized to combine maintenance with practicability. While steroids may be considered in patients with systemic cardiovascular risk, surgery remains advisable only for very few patients. Destructive laser treatment is an option if reliable monitoring is not feasible. Ophthalmologists are also advised to perform a basic systemic workup to recognize systemic concomitants. The current edition of the EURETINA guidelines highlights the state-of-the-art recommendations based on the literature and expert opinions in retinal vein occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bianca S Gerendas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ramin Tadayoni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lariboisière Hospital Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology Tel Aviv Medical Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Frizziero L, Midena E, Trainiti S, Londei D, Bonaldi L, Bini S, Parrozzani R. Uveal Melanoma Biopsy: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11081075. [PMID: 31366043 PMCID: PMC6721328 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11081075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraocular tumor diagnosis is based on clinical findings supported by additional imaging tools, such as ultrasound, optical coherence tomography and angiographic techniques, usually without the need for invasive procedures or tissue sampling. Despite improvements in the local treatment of uveal melanoma (UM), the prevention and treatment of the metastatic disease remain unsolved, and nearly 50% of patients develop liver metastasis. The current model suggests that tumor cells have already spread by the time of diagnosis, remaining dormant until there are favorable conditions. Tumor sampling procedures at the time of primary tumor diagnosis/treatment are therefore now commonly performed, usually not to confirm the diagnosis of UM, but to obtain a tissue sample for prognostication, to assess patient's specific metastatic risk. Moreover, several studies are ongoing to identify genes specific to UM tumorigenesis, leading to several potential targeted therapeutic strategies. Genetic information can also influence the surveillance timing and metastatic screening type of patients affected by UM. In spite of the widespread use of biopsies in general surgical practice, in ophthalmic oncology the indications and contraindications for tumor biopsy continue to be under debate. The purpose of this review paper is to critically evaluate the role of uveal melanoma biopsy in ophthalmic oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Frizziero
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Midena
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy.
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Trainiti
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Londei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Bonaldi
- Immunology and Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Bini
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Rome, Italy
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Midena E, Micera A, Frizziero L, Pilotto E, Esposito G, Bini S. Sub-threshold micropulse laser treatment reduces inflammatory biomarkers in aqueous humour of diabetic patients with macular edema. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10034. [PMID: 31296907 PMCID: PMC6624368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46515-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Subthreshold micropulse laser (SMPL) is a tissue-sparing technique whose efficacy is demonstrated for diabetic macular edema (DME) treatment. However, its mechanism of action is poorly known. A prospective observational study was performed on naïve DME patients treated with SMPL, to evaluate the changes of aqueous humor (AH) inflammatory and vaso-active biomarkers after treatments. AH samples of eighteen DME eyes were collected before and after SMPL. Ten non-diabetic AH samples served as controls. Full ophthalmic evaluation, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and fluorescein angiography were performed in DME group. Glass chip protein array was used to quantify 58 inflammatory molecules. Central retinal thickness (CRT) and visual acuity were also monitored. Several molecules showed different concentrations in DME eyes versus controls (p value < 0.05). Fas Ligand (FasL), Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins (MIP)-1α, Regulated on Activation Normal T Cell Expressed and Secreted (RANTES) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) were increased in DME at baseline versus controls and decreased after SMPL treatments (p < 0.05). CRT reduction and visual acuity improvement were also found. Inflammatory cytokines, mainly produced by the retinal microglia, were significantly reduced after treatments, suggesting that SMPL may act by de-activating microglial cells, and reducing local inflammatory diabetes-related response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Midena
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy. .,IRCCS - Fondazione Bietti, Rome, Italy.
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