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Sagaya Jansi R, Khusro A, Agastian P, Alfarhan A, Al-Dhabi NA, Arasu MV, Rajagopal R, Barcelo D, Al-Tamimi A. Emerging paradigms of viral diseases and paramount role of natural resources as antiviral agents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 759:143539. [PMID: 33234268 PMCID: PMC7833357 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the current scenario, the increasing prevalence of diverse microbial infections as well as emergence and re-emergence of viral epidemics with high morbidity and mortality rates are major public health threat. Despite the persistent production of antiviral drugs and vaccines in the global market, viruses still remain as one of the leading causes of deadly human diseases. Effective control of viral diseases, particularly Zika virus disease, Nipah virus disease, Severe acute respiratory syndrome, Coronavirus disease, Herpes simplex virus infection, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and Ebola virus disease remain promising goal amidst the mutating viral strains. Current trends in the development of antiviral drugs focus solely on testing novel drugs or repurposing drugs against potential targets of the viruses. Compared to synthetic drugs, medicines from natural resources offer less side-effect to humans and are often cost-effective in the productivity approaches. This review intends not only to emphasize on the major viral disease outbreaks in the past few decades and but also explores the potentialities of natural substances as antiviral traits to combat viral pathogens. Here, we spotlighted a comprehensive overview of antiviral components present in varied natural sources, including plants, fungi, and microorganisms in order to identify potent antiviral agents for developing alternative therapy in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sagaya Jansi
- Department of Bioinformatics, Stella Maris College, Chennai, India
| | - Ameer Khusro
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai, India.
| | - Ahmed Alfarhan
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariadhas Valan Arasu
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rajakrishnan Rajagopal
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Damia Barcelo
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Water and Soil Research Group, Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, JORDI GIRONA 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amal Al-Tamimi
- Ecology Department, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Abd El-Salam M, Bastos JK, Han JJ, Previdi D, Coelho EB, Donate PM, Romero MF, Lieske J. The Synthesized Plant Metabolite 3,4,5-Tri-O-Galloylquinic Acid Methyl Ester Inhibits Calcium Oxalate Crystal Growth in a Drosophila Model, Downregulates Renal Cell Surface Annexin A1 Expression, and Decreases Crystal Adhesion to Cells. J Med Chem 2018; 61:1609-1621. [PMID: 29406740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abd El-Salam
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
- Department
of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Jing Jing Han
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Daniel Previdi
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B. Coelho
- Department
of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-900, Brazil
| | - Paulo M. Donate
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Philosophy, Arts and Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São
Paulo 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Michael F. Romero
- Department
of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - John Lieske
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
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Jaspal B, Norman F, Kayla A, Maria CT, Bela P. A novel anti-triple negative breast cancer compound isolated from medicinal herb Myrothamnus flabellifolius. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5897/jmpr2017.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Mansour A, Celano R, Mencherini T, Picerno P, Piccinelli AL, Foudil-Cherif Y, Csupor D, Rahili G, Yahi N, Nabavi SM, Aquino RP, Rastrelli L. A new cineol derivative, polyphenols and norterpenoids from Saharan myrtle tea (Myrtus nivellei): Isolation, structure determination, quantitative determination and antioxidant activity. Fitoterapia 2017; 119:32-39. [PMID: 28363507 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical profile of decoction and infusion, obtained from the dried leaves of M. nivellei, consumed as tea in Saharan region, was characterized by UHPLC-PDA-HRMS. Fourteen compounds were characterized and, to confirm the proposed structures a preparative procedure followed by NMR spectroscopy was applied. Compound 3 (2-hydroxy-1,8-cineole disaccharide) was a never reported whereas a bicyclic monoterpenoid glucoside (2), two ionol glucosides (1 and 12), a tri-galloylquinic acid (4), two flavonol glycosides (5 and 9), and a tetra-galloylglucose (7), were reported in Myrtus spp. for the first time. Five flavonol O-glycosides (6, 8, 10-11, and 14) togheter a flavonol (13) were also identified. Quantitative determination of phenolic constituents from decoction and infusion has been performed by HPLC-UV-PDA. The phenolic content was found to be 150.5 and 102.6mg/g in decoction and infusion corresponding to 73.8 and 23.6mg/100mL of a single tea cup, respectively. Myricetin 3-O-β-d-(6″-galloyl)glucopyranoside (5), isomyricitrin (6) and myricitrin (8) were the compounds present in the highest concentration. The free-radical scavenging activities of teas and isolated compounds was measured by the DPPH assay and compared with the values of other commonly used herbal teas (green and black teas). Decoction displayed higher potency in scavenging free-radicals than the infusion and green and black teas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mansour
- USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Rita Celano
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Patrizia Picerno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Anna Lisa Piccinelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yazid Foudil-Cherif
- USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Chemistry, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Dezső Csupor
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, Magyarország, Hungary
| | - Ghania Rahili
- INRF National Institute of Forest Research, BP 37 Bainem, Algeria; USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Nassima Yahi
- USTHB, University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Faculty of Biological Sciences, BP 32 El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 19395-5487, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Luca Rastrelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy.
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Phenolic compounds from Byrsonima crassifolia L. bark: Phytochemical investigation and quantitative analysis by LC-ESI MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 56:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Kamng’ona A, Moore JP, Lindsey G, Brandt W. Inhibition of HIV-1 and M-MLV reverse transcriptases by a major polyphenol (3,4,5 tri-O-galloylquinic acid) present in the leaves of the South African resurrection plant, Myrothamnus flabellifolia. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:843-53. [DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2011.566220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arox Kamng’ona
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Malawi
| | - John P. Moore
- Institute for Wine Biotechnology, Faculty of AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - George Lindsey
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Wolf Brandt
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Bokesch HR, Wamiru A, Le Grice SFJ, Beutler JA, McKee TC, McMahon JB. HIV-1 ribonuclease H inhibitory phenolic glycosides from Eugenia hyemalis. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2008; 71:1634-1636. [PMID: 18763827 PMCID: PMC2586124 DOI: 10.1021/np8002518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Three new galloyl arbutins, hyemalosides A-C (1-3), along with nine known compounds were isolated from the evergreen tree Eugenia hyemalis. The structures of compounds 1-3 were determined by analysis of NMR and MS data. Compounds 1-3 inhibited HIV-1 RNase H in vitro with IC50 values of 1.46, >18, and 1.19 microM, respectively. However, in a XTT-based cell viability assay using the human T-cell line CEM-SS infected with HIV-1 RT, none of the compounds inhibited the cytopathic effect of HIV-1 infection at the highest dose tested (20 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi R. Bokesch
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Antony Wamiru
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | | | - John A. Beutler
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - Tawnya C. McKee
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
| | - James B. McMahon
- Molecular Targets Development Program, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702
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Clifford MN, Stoupi S, Kuhnert N. Profiling and characterization by LC-MSn of the galloylquinic acids of green tea, tara tannin, and tannic acid. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:2797-807. [PMID: 17381119 DOI: 10.1021/jf063533l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Green tea, tara tannin, and tannic acid have been profiled for their contents of galloylquinic acids using LC-MS8. These procedures have provided evidence for the first observation of (i) 1-galloylquinic acid (11), 1,3,5-trigalloylquinic acid (22), 4-(digalloyl)quinic acid (28), 5-(digalloyl)quinic acid (29), and either 3-galloyl-5-(digalloyl)quinic acid (32) or 3-(digalloyl)-5-galloylquinic acid (33) from any source; (ii) 4-galloyl-5-(digalloyl)quinic acid (34), 5-galloyl-4-(digalloyl)quinic acid (35), 3-(digalloyl)-4,5-digalloylquinic acid (41), 4-(digalloyl)-3,5-digalloylquinic acid (40), 5-(digalloyl)-3,4-digalloylquinic acid (39), and 1,3,4-trigalloylquinic acid (21) from tara tannin; and (iii) 3-galloylquinic acid (12) and 4-galloylquinic acid (14) from green tea. The first mass spectrometric fragmentation data are reported for galloylquinic acids containing between five and eight gallic acid residues. For each of these mass ranges at least two isomers based on the 1,3,4,5-tetragalloylquinic acid core (25) and at least three based on the 3,4,5-trigalloylquinic acid core (24) were observed. Methanolysis of tara tannin yielded methyl gallate, methyl digallate, and methyl trigallate, demonstrating that some of these galloylquinic acids contained at least one side chain of up to four galloyl residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael N Clifford
- School of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Centre for Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom.
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Moore JP, Lindsey GG, Farrant JM, Brandt WF. An overview of the biology of the desiccation-tolerant resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2007; 99:211-7. [PMID: 17218343 PMCID: PMC2803006 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcl269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/11/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myrothamnus flabellifolia is unique as the only woody resurrection plant. It is an important plant in southern Africa because of its widespread occurrence and usage in African medicine and traditional culture. Many reports have investigated facets of its biology and the mechanisms associated with its desiccation tolerance. SCOPE The general biology of the woody resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolia is reviewed. The review focuses on the geography and ecology, systematic placement, evolution, morphology and reproductive ecology of M. flabellifolia as well as the wood anatomy and re-filling mechanism. In addition, the desiccation tolerance, ethnobotanical importance and medicinal properties of the plant are reviewed. Also, future research avenues are suggested, in particular the necessity to research the biogeography and systematics of the species and the role of the polyphenols present, as well as the molecular basis of the plant's desiccation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George G. Lindsey
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Sannomiya M, dos Santos LC, Carbone V, Napolitano A, Piacente S, Pizza C, Souza-Brito ARM, Vilegas W. Liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry profiling of compounds from the infusion of Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1393-1400. [PMID: 17370245 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A rapid analytical approach suitable to achieve a comprehensive characterization of the compounds present in the infusion prepared from the leaves of Byrsonima fagifolia Niedenzu (Malpighiaceae), a Brazilian plant used as an infusion to treat gastric disorders, was developed. The method was based on high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray negative ionisation multistage ion trap mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI-ITMSn). The main ions in the ESI-ITMS spectra were attributed to a quinic acid core containing from one to five galloyl units. Quercetin derivatives containing one and two sugar moieties as well as galloyl esterification were also detected. These results indicated that HPLC/ESI-ITMSn is easily applicable to infusions of this plant and allows the rapid and direct identification of these compounds in crude plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Sannomiya
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química de Araraquara, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rua Francisco Degni s/n, Bairro Quitandinha, CEP 14800-900 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Moore J, Westall K, Ravenscroft N, Farrant J, Lindsey G, Brandt W. The predominant polyphenol in the leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolius, 3,4,5 tri-O-galloylquinic acid, protects membranes against desiccation and free radical-induced oxidation. Biochem J 2005; 385:301-8. [PMID: 15355309 PMCID: PMC1134698 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2004] [Revised: 09/01/2004] [Accepted: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The predominant (>90%) low-molecular-mass polyphenol was isolated from the leaves of the resurrection plant Myrothamnus flabellifolius and identified to be 3,4,5 tri-O-galloylquinic acid using 1H and 13C one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The structure was confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. This compound was present at high concentrations, 44% (by weight) in hydrated leaves and 74% (by weight) in dehydrated leaves. Electron microscopy of leaf material fixed with glutaraldehyde and caffeine demonstrated that the polyphenols were localized in large vacuoles in both hydrated and dehydrated leaves. 3,4,5 Tri-O-galloylquinic acid was shown to stabilize an artificial membrane system, liposomes, against desiccation if the polyphenol concentration was between 1 and 2 microg/mug phospholipid. The phase transition of these liposomes observed at 46 degrees C was markedly diminished by the presence of 3,4,5 tri-O-galloylquinic acid, suggesting that the presence of the polyphenol maintained the membranes in the liquid crystalline phase at physiological temperatures. 3,4,5 Tri-O-galloylquinic acid was also shown to protect linoleic acid against free radical-induced oxidation.
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Key Words
- desiccation
- liposome
- ms
- myrothamnus flabellifolius
- nmr spectroscopy
- 3,4,5 tri-o-galloylquinic acid
- aaph, 2,2′-azobis(2-amidino-propane) dihydrochloride
- esi, electrospray ionization
- hmbc, heteronuclear mutliple bond correlation
- hsqc, heteronuclear single-quantum coherence
- maldi–tof, matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization–time-of-flight
- rt, reverse transcriptase
- rwc, relative water content
- tfa, trifluoroacetic acid
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Affiliation(s)
- John P. Moore
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Kim L. Westall
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Neil Ravenscroft
- †Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Jill M. Farrant
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - George G. Lindsey
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Wolf F. Brandt
- *Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
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Vermani K, Garg S. Herbal medicines for sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2002; 80:49-66. [PMID: 11891087 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are gaining significant importance at present due to rapid spread of the diseases, high cost of treatment, and the increased risk of transmission of other STDs and AIDS. Current therapies available for symptomatic treatment of STDs and AIDS are quite expensive beyond the reach of common man and are associated with emergence of drug resistance. Many patients of STDs and AIDS are seeking help from alternative systems of medicines such as Unani, Chinese, Ayurvedic, naturopathy, and homeopathy. Since a long time, medicinal plants have been used for the treatment of many infectious diseases without any scientific evidence. At present there is more emphasis on determining the scientific evidence and rationalization of the use of these preparations. Research is in progress to identify plants and their active principles possessing activity against sexually transmitted pathogens including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with an objective of providing an effective approach for prevention of transmission and treatment of these diseases. In the present review, plants reported to possess activity or used in traditional systems of medicine for prevention and treatment of STDs including AIDS, herbal formulations for vaginal application, and topical microbicides from herbal origin, have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Vermani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, SAS Nagar, 160 062, Punjab, India
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Yang SS, Cragg GM, Newman DJ, Bader JP. Natural product-based anti-HIV drug discovery and development facilitated by the NCI developmental therapeutics program. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2001; 64:265-277. [PMID: 11430019 DOI: 10.1021/np0003995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
During the decade 1987-1996, the Developmental Therapeutics Program (DTP) of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) provided infrastructure support for both intramural and extramural anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) drug discovery research and development. This retrospective review describes some of the anti-HIV lead discovery and development that took place under DTP auspices or which was substantially facilitated by resources made available through the DTP. Examples highlighted include leads identified through the initial screening of pure natural product derived compounds and those derived from bioassay-guided fractionation of crude natural product extracts, and these are classified according to the mechanism of action targeting the critical steps within the replication cycle of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Yang
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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