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Bhadra S, Chettri D, Kumar Verma A. Biosurfactants: Secondary Metabolites Involved in the Process of Bioremediation and Biofilm Removal. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:5541-5567. [PMID: 35579742 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-03951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The search for environmentally friendly methods to remove persistent substances such as organic pollutants and sessile communities such as biofilms that severely affect the environment and human health resulted in biosurfactant discovery. Owing to their low level of toxicity and high biodegradability, biosurfactants are increasingly preferred to be used for removal of pollutants from nature. These amphipathic molecules can be synthesized inexpensively, employing cheap substrates such as agricultural and industrial wastes. Recent progress has been made in identifying various biosurfactants that can be used to remove organic pollutants and harmful microbial aggregates, as well as novel microbial strains that produce these surface-active molecules to survive in a hydrocarbon-rich environment. This review focuses on the identification and understanding the role of biosurfactants and the microorganisms involved in the removal of biofilms and remediation of xenobiotics and various types of hydrocarbons such as crude oil, aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, aliphatic hydrocarbons, asphaltenes, naphthenes, and other petroleum products. This property of biosurfactant is very important as biofilms are of great concern due to their impact on the environment, public health, and industries worldwide. This work also includes several advanced molecular methods that can be used to enhance the production of biosurfactants by the microorganisms studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushruta Bhadra
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Dixita Chettri
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, Gangtok, 737102, Sikkim, India.
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2
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Zhao Y, Zheng M, Zhang Y, Li Y. Coupling strategies for ecotoxicological assessment of neonicotinoid insecticides based on their selective lethal effects: Design, screening, and regulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 307:119514. [PMID: 35609840 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The recently recognized adverse environmental and toxic effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) on non-target organisms are alarming. A comprehensive design, screening, and regulatory system was developed to generate NNI derivatives and mutant receptors with selective-ecotoxicological effects to overcome such adverse effects. For ligand design, taking ACE-09 derivative as an example, the toxicity on non-target animals (aboveground: bees; underground: earthworms), plant absorption, and soil absorption decreased by 4.80% and 13.7%, 10.0%, and 121%, while the toxicity on target animals (aboveground: aphids; underground: B. odoriphagas), plant metabolism, and soil degradation increased by 70.2% and 51.7%, 5.08%, and 8.28%. For receptor modification, the ability of mutants to absorb ACE-09 derivative decreased by 31.0%, while the ability of mutants to metabolize ACE-09 derivative increased by 28.0% in scenario 2 (mainly plant selectivity); the ability of mutants to degrade ACE-09 derivative increased by 11.6% in scenario 3 (mainly soil selectivity). The above results indicated that the selective-ecotoxicological effects of ligand design and receptor modification were both improved. Additionally, the combined effects of the ACE-09 derivative on plant absorption and metabolic mutants improved by 31.1% and 31.4% in scenario 2, respectively, while the effect on microbial degradation mutant improved by 14.9%, indicating that there was a synergistic effect between ligand design and receptor modification. Finally, based on the interaction between the ACE-09 derivative and mutants, the optimal environmental factors that improved the selectivity of their ecotoxicological effects were determined. For example, alternate application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers effectively reduced the oxidative damage to plants caused by NNI residues. The novel ligand-receptor joint modification method, combined with the regulation of environmental factors under multiple scenarios, can biochemically address the ecotoxicological concern and highlight the harmful effects of pesticides on the environment and non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Maosheng Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
| | - Yimei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China; Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Functional Material, Suzhou Research Academy of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215213, China.
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China.
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Gu W, Zhao Y, Li Q, Li Y. Plant-microorganism combined remediation of polychlorinated naphthalenes contaminated soils based on molecular directed transformation and Taguchi experimental design-assisted dynamics simulation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122753. [PMID: 32339881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The molecular directed transformation procedure was adopted by combining molecular docking and homology modeling to reconstruct the proteins, which are involved in the absorption, degradation, and mineralization of polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). A comprehensive evaluation system for developing new proteins that are responsible for the absorption (aquaporin: 1Z98), degradation (peroxidase: 1ATJ), and mineralization (lignin peroxidase: 1B85) of PCNs was established using the Rank Sum Ratio (RSR) and weighted average methods. The Taguchi experimental design-assisted dynamics simulation was used to determine the optimal external stimulus conditions of plant-microorganism combined remediation system to absorb, degrade, and mineralize PCNs. Results showed that a total of 60 amino acid sequences were designed, and 19 new proteins (increasing amplitude: 66.67%-500.00%) were significantly higher than those of target proteins through the screening of comprehensive evaluation system. Additionally, 10 new proteins improved the efficiency of absorption, degradation, and mineralization of PCNs in a real environment which were simulated under the optimal external stimulus conditions. Moreover, remediation efficiency was significantly enhanced when the template proteins was replaced with a combination of 1Z98-9, 1ATJ-7, and 1B85-20 in plant-microorganism systems, and the van der Waals force and polar solvation were the main factors affecting the absorption, degradation, and mineralization of PCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Qing Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Yu Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China.
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Jeong YS, So KK, Lee JH, Kim JM, Chun GT, Chun J, Kim DH. Optimization of Growth Medium and Fermentation Conditions for the Production of Laccase3 from Cryphonectria parasitica Using Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:512-520. [PMID: 32010473 PMCID: PMC6968546 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1661566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Statistical experimental methods were used to optimize the medium for mass production of a novel laccase3 (Lac3) by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae TYEGLAC3-1. The basic medium was composed of glucose, casamino acids, yeast nitrogen base without amino acids (YNB w/o AA), tryptophan, and adenine. A one-factor-at-a-time approach followed by the fractional factorial design identified galactose, glutamic acid, and ammonium sulfate, as significant carbon, nitrogen, and mineral sources, respectively. The steepest ascent method and response surface methodology (RSM) determined that the optimal medium was (g/L): galactose, 19.16; glutamic acid, 5.0; and YNB w/o AA, 10.46. In this medium, the Lac3 activity (277.04 mU/mL) was 13.5 times higher than that of the basic medium (20.50 mU/mL). The effect of temperature, pH, agitation (rpm), and aeration (vvm) was further examined in a batch fermenter. The best Lac3 activity was 1176.04 mU/mL at 25 °C, pH 3.5, 100 rpm, and 1 vvm in batch culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Seob Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Kum-Kang So
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kim
- Department of Bio-Environmental Chemistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Gie-Taek Chun
- Department of Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jeesun Chun
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Dae-Hyuk Kim
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Bioactive Material Sciences, Institute for Molecular Biology and Genetics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
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Lee DW, Lee H, Kwon BO, Khim JS, Yim UH, Kim BS, Kim JJ. Biosurfactant-assisted bioremediation of crude oil by indigenous bacteria isolated from Taean beach sediment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 241:254-264. [PMID: 29807284 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its derivatives are considered as one group of the most pervasive environmental pollutants in marine environments. Bioremediation using oil-degrading bacteria has emerged as a promising green cleanup alternative in more recent years. The employment of biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing indigenous bacteria enhances the effectiveness of bioremediation by making hydrocarbons bioavailable for degradation. In this study, the best candidates of biosurfactant-producing indigenous bacteria were selected by screening of biochemical tests. The selected bacteria include Bacillus algicola (003-Phe1), Rhodococcus soli (102-Na5), Isoptericola chiayiensis (103-Na4), and Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans (SDRB-Py1). In general, these isolated species caused low surface tension values (33.9-41.3 mN m-1), high oil spreading (1.2-2.4 cm), and hydrocarbon emulsification (up to 65%) warranting active degradation of hydrocarbons. FT-IR and LC-MS analyses indicated that the monorhamnolipid (Rha-C16:1) and dirhamnolipid (Rha-Rha-C6-C6:1) were commonly produced by the bacteria as potent biosurfactants. The residual crude oil after the biodegradation test was quantitated using GC-MS analysis. The bacteria utilized crude oil as their sole carbon source while the amount of residual crude oil significantly decreased. In addition the cell-free broth containing biosurfactants produced by bacterial strains significantly desorbed crude oil in oil-polluted marine sediment. The selected bacteria might hold additional capacity in crude oil degradation. Biosurfactant-producing indigenous bacteria therefore degrade crude oil hydrocarbon compounds, produce biosurfactants that can increase the emulsification of crude oil and are thus more conducive to the degradation of crude oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wan Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanbyul Lee
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Oh Kwon
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seong Khim
- School of Earth and Environmental Science & Research Institute of Oceanography, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Un Hyuk Yim
- Oil and POPs Research Group, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje 53201, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Seok Kim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science & Ecological Engineering, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Patowary K, Patowary R, Kalita MC, Deka S. Characterization of Biosurfactant Produced during Degradation of Hydrocarbons Using Crude Oil As Sole Source of Carbon. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:279. [PMID: 28275373 PMCID: PMC5319985 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Production and spillage of petroleum hydrocarbons which is the most versatile energy resource causes disastrous environmental pollution. Elevated oil degrading performance from microorganisms is demanded for successful microbial remediation of those toxic pollutants. The employment of biosurfactant-producing and hydrocarbon-utilizing microbes enhances the effectiveness of bioremediation as biosurfactant plays a key role by making hydrocarbons bio-available for degradation. The present study aimed the isolation of a potent biosurfactant producing indigenous bacteria which can be employed for crude oil remediation, along with the characterization of the biosurfactant produced during crude oil biodegradation. A potent bacterial strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa PG1 (identified by 16s rDNA sequencing) was isolated from hydrocarbon contaminated soil that could efficiently produce biosurfactant by utilizing crude oil components as the carbon source, thereby leading to the enhanced degradation of the petroleum hydrocarbons. Strain PG1 could degrade 81.8% of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) after 5 weeks of culture when grown in mineral salt media (MSM) supplemented with 2% (v/v) crude oil as the sole carbon source. GCMS analysis of the treated crude oil samples revealed that P. aeruginosa PG1 could potentially degrade various hydrocarbon contents including various PAHs present in the crude oil. Biosurfactant produced by strain PG1 in the course of crude oil degradation, promotes the reduction of surface tension (ST) of the culture medium from 51.8 to 29.6 mN m−1, with the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 56 mg L−1. FTIR, LC-MS, and SEM-EDS studies revealed that the biosurfactant is a rhamnolipid comprising of both mono and di rhamnolipid congeners. The biosurfactant did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect to mouse L292 fibroblastic cell line, however, strong antibiotic activity against some pathogenic bacteria and fungus was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaustuvmani Patowary
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Rupshikha Patowary
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
| | - Mohan C Kalita
- Department of Biotechnology, Gauhati University Guwahati, India
| | - Suresh Deka
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology Guwahati, India
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7
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Teerapatsakul C, Pothiratana C, Chitradon L, Thachepan S. Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by a thermotolerant white rot fungus Trametes polyzona RYNF13. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2016; 62:303-312. [PMID: 27885193 DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The biodegradation of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenanthrene, fluorene, and pyrene, by a newly isolated thermotolerant white rot fungal strain RYNF13 from Thailand, was investigated. The strain RYNF13 was identified as Trametes polyzona, based on an analysis of its internal transcribed spacer sequence. The strain RYNF13 was superior to most white rot fungi. The fungus showed excellent removal of PAHs at a high concentration of 100 mg·L-1. Complete degradation of phenanthrene in a mineral salt glucose medium culture was observed within 18 days of incubation at 30°C, whereas 90% of fluorene and 52% of pyrene were degraded under the same conditions. At a high temperature of 42°C, the strain RYNF13 was still able to grow, and degraded approximately 68% of phenanthrene, whereas 48% of fluorene and 30% of pyrene were degraded within 32 days. Thus, the strain RYNF13 is a potential fungus for PAH bioremediation, especially in a tropical environment where the temperature can be higher than 40°C. The strain RYNF13 secreted three different ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase, laccase, and lignin peroxidase, during PAH biodegradation at 30°C. When the incubation temperature was increased from 30°C to 37°C and 42°C, only two ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase and laccase, were detectable during the biodegradation. Manganese peroxidase was the major enzyme produced by the fungus. In the culture containing phenanthrene, manganese peroxidase showed the highest enzymatic activity at 179 U·mL-1. T. polyzona RYNF13 was determined as a potential thermotolerant white rot fungus, and suitable for application in the treatment of PAH-containing contaminants.
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García-Delgado C, Jiménez-Ayuso N, Frutos I, Gárate A, Eymar E. Cadmium and lead bioavailability and their effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons biodegradation by spent mushroom substrate. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:8690-9. [PMID: 23716079 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Bioremediation of mixed metal-organic soil pollution constitutes a difficult task in different ecosystems all around the world. The aims of this work are to determine the capacity of two spent mushroom substrates (Agaricus bisporus and Pleurotus ostreatus) to immobilize Cd and Pb, to assess the effect of these metals on laccase activity, and to determine the potential of spent A. bisporus substrate to biodegrade four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH): fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, and pyrene, when those toxic heavy metals Cd and Pb are present. According to adsorption isotherms, spent P. ostreatus and A. bisporus substrates showed a high Pb and Cd adsorption capacity. Pb and Cd interactions with crude laccase enzyme extracts from spent P. ostreatus and A. bisporus substrates showed Cd and Pb enzyme inhibition; however, laccase activity of A. bisporus presented lower inhibition. Spent A. bisporus substrate polluted with PAH and Cd or Pb was able to biodegrade PAH, although both metals decrease the biodegradation rate. Spent A. bisporus substrate contained a microbiological consortium able to oxidize PAH with high ionization potential. Cd and Pb were immobilized during the bioremediation process by spent A. bisporus substrate. Consequently, spent A. bisporus substrate was adequate as a multi-polluted soil bioremediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C García-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
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Hadibarata T, Kristanti RA. Fate and cometabolic degradation of benzo[a]pyrene by white-rot fungus Armillaria sp. F022. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 107:314-318. [PMID: 22209445 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2011] [Revised: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Armillaria sp. F022, a white-rot fungus isolated from a tropical rain forest in Samarinda, Indonesia, was used to biodegrade benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). Transformation of BaP, a 5-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), by Armillaria sp. F022, which uses BaP as a source of carbon and energy, was investigated. However, biodegradation of BaP has been limited because of its bioavailability and toxicity. Five cosubstrates were selected as cometabolic carbon and energy sources. The results showed that Armillaria sp. F022 used BaP with and without cosubstrates. A 2.5-fold increase in degradation efficiency was achieved after addition of glucose. Meanwhile, the use of glucose as a cosubstrate could significantly stimulate laccase production compared with other cosubstrates and not using any cosubstrate. The metabolic pathway was elucidated by identifying metabolites, conducting biotransformation studies, and monitoring enzyme activities in cell-free extracts. The degradation mechanism was determined through the identification of several metabolites: benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone, 1-hydroxy-2-benzoic acid, and benzoic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Hadibarata
- Institute of Environmental and Water Research Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia.
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10
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Peng RH, Xu RR, Fu XY, Xiong AS, Zhao W, Tian YS, Zhu B, Jin XF, Chen C, Han HJ, Yao QH. Microarray analysis of the phytoremediation and phytosensing of occupational toxicant naphthalene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 189:19-26. [PMID: 21367522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene is of global environmental concern because it is assumed to contribute considerably to human cancer risk. Plants are important in removing naphthalene from the atmosphere and soil. However, there remains insufficient knowledge on plant response to this compound. To determine the mechanism of naphthalene uptake and transduction in plants, as well as plant response to this compound, a microarray system was used to analyze gene expression patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana after irrigation with 2.0mM naphthalene. A total of 247 differentially expressed genes were identified as upregulated by naphthalene. These genes might specifically contribute to naphthalene uptake, transformation, conjugation, and compartmentalization in the plant. The potential role of upregulated genes in plant defense to naphthalene and the use of phytosensing for naphthalene detection were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-He Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China
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Acevedo F, Pizzul L, Castillo MDP, Cuevas R, Diez MC. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by the Chilean white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 185:212-9. [PMID: 20934253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2010] [Revised: 07/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Kirk medium by Anthracophyllum discolor, a white-rot fungus isolated from the forest of southern Chile, was evaluated. In addition, the removal efficiency of three-, four- and five-ring PAHs in contaminated soil bioaugmented with A. discolor in the absence and presence of indigenous soil microorganisms was investigated. Production of lignin-degrading enzymes and PAH mineralization in the soil were also determined. A. discolor was able to degrade PAHs in Kirk medium with the highest removal occurring in a PAH mixture, suggesting synergistic effects between PAHs or possible cometabolism. A high removal capability for phenanthrene (62%), anthracene (73%), fluoranthene (54%), pyrene (60%) and benzo(a)pyrene (75%) was observed in autoclaved soil inoculated with A. discolor in the absence of indigenous microorganisms, associated with the production of manganese peroxidase (MnP). The metabolites found in the PAH degradation were anthraquinone, phthalic acid, 4-hydroxy-9-fluorenone, 9-fluorenone and 4,5-dihydropyrene. A. discolor was able to mineralize 9% of the phenanthrene. In non-autoclaved soil, the inoculation with A. discolor did not improve the removal efficiency of PAHs. Suitable conditions must be found to promote a successful fungal bioaugmentation in non-autoclaved soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Acevedo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
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Mallick S, Chakraborty J, Dutta TK. Role of oxygenases in guiding diverse metabolic pathways in the bacterial degradation of low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: a review. Crit Rev Microbiol 2010; 37:64-90. [PMID: 20846026 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2010.512268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Widespread environmental pollution by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) poses an immense risk to the environment. Bacteria-mediated attenuation has a great potential for the restoration of PAH-contaminated environment in an ecologically accepted manner. Bacterial degradation of PAHs has been extensively studied and mining of biodiversity is ever expanding the biodegradative potentials with intelligent manipulation of catabolic genes and adaptive evolution to generate multiple catabolic pathways. The present review of bacterial degradation of low-molecular-weight (LMW) PAHs describes the current knowledge about the diverse metabolic pathways depicting novel metabolites, enzyme-substrate/metabolite relationships, the role of oxygenases and their distribution in phylogenetically diverse bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somnath Mallick
- Department of Chemistry, Saldiha College, Bankura, West Bengal, India
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13
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Acevedo F, Pizzul L, Castillo MD, González ME, Cea M, Gianfreda L, Diez MC. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by free and nanoclay-immobilized manganese peroxidase from Anthracophyllum discolor. CHEMOSPHERE 2010; 80:271-8. [PMID: 20435332 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Manganese peroxidase (MnP) produced by Anthracophyllum discolor, a Chilean white rot fungus, was immobilized on nanoclay obtained from volcanic soil and its ability to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) compared with the free enzyme was evaluated. At the same time, nanoclay characterization was performed. Nanoclay characterization by transmission electronic microscopy showed a particle average size smaller than 100 nm. The isoelectric points (IEP) of nanoclay and MnP from A. discolor were 7.0 and 3.7, respectively, as determined by micro electrophoresis migration and preparative isoelectric focusing. Results indicated that 75% of the enzyme was immobilized on the nanoclay through physical adsorption. As compared to the free enzyme, immobilized MnP from A. discolor achieved an improved stability to temperature and pH. The activation energy (Ea) value for immobilized MnP (51.9 kJ mol(-1)) was higher than that of the free MnP (34.4 kJ mol(-1)). The immobilized enzyme was able to degrade pyrene (>86%), anthracene (>65%), alone or in mixture, and to a less extent fluoranthene (<15.2%) and phenanthrene (<8.6%). Compared to free MnP from A. discolor, the enzyme immobilized on nanoclay enhanced the enzymatic transformation of anthracene in soil. Overall results indicate that nanoclay, a carrier of natural origin, is a suitable support material for MnP immobilization. In addition, immobilized MnP shows an increased stability to high temperature, pH and time storage, as well as an enhanced PAHs degradation efficiency in soil. All these characteristics may suggest the possible use of nanoclay-immobilized MnP from A. discolor as a valuable option for in situ bioremediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Acevedo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Avenida Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco, Chile
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Heterologous expression of a tannic acid-inducible laccase3 of Cryphonectria parasitica in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. BMC Biotechnol 2010; 10:18. [PMID: 20178646 PMCID: PMC2839966 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A tannic acid-inducible and mycoviral-regulated laccase3 (lac3) from the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica has recently been identified, but further characterization was hampered because of the precipitation of protein products by tannic acid supplementation. The present study investigated the heterologous expression of the functional laccase3 using a yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results Laccase activity in the culture broth of transformants measured using a laccase-specific substrate suggested that the lac3 gene was successfully expressed and the corresponding protein product secreted into the culture media. In addition, activity staining and Western blot analysis of a native gel revealed that the enzyme activity co-existed with the protein product specific to anti-laccase3 antibody, confirming that the cloned lac3 gene is responsible for the laccase activity. When transformants were grown on plates containing tannic acid-supplemented media, brown coloration was observed around transformed cells, indicating the oxidation of tannic acid. However, the enzymatic activity was measurable only in the selective ura- media and was negligible in nonselective nutrient-rich culture conditions. This was in part because of the increased plasmid instability in the nonselective media. Moreover, the protein product of lac3 appears to be sensitive to the cultured nonselective nutrient-rich broth, because a rapid decline in enzymatic activity was observed when the cultured broth of ura- media was mixed with that of nonselective nutrient-rich broth. In addition, constitutive expression of the lac3 gene resulted in a reduced cell number of the lac3 transformants compared to that of vector-only transformed control. However, the presence of recombinant vector without lac3 induction did not affect the growth of transformants. Conclusions The results suggest that expression of the lac3 gene has an inhibitory effect on the growth of transformed S. cerevisiae and that the controlled expression of lac3 is appropriate for the possible application of recombinant yeast to the treatment of phenolic compounds.
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Mikolasch A, Schauer F. Fungal laccases as tools for the synthesis of new hybrid molecules and biomaterials. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 82:605-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1869-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 01/10/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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