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Zhang S, Qu Y, Zhang D, Li S, Tang F, Ding A, Hu L, Zhang J, Wang H, Huang K, Li L. Rational Design and Biological Application of Hybrid Fluorophores. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303208. [PMID: 38038726 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Fluorophores are considered powerful tools for not only enabling the visualization of cell structures, substructures, and biological processes, but also making for the quantitative and qualitative measurement of various analytes in living systems. However, most fluorophores do not meet the diverse requirements for biological applications in terms of their photophysical and biological properties. Hybridization is an important strategy in molecular engineering that provides fluorophores with complementarity and multifunctionality. This review summarizes the basic strategies of hybridization with four classes of fluorophores, including xanthene, cyanine, coumarin, and BODIPY with a focus on their structure-property relationship (SPR) and biological applications. This review aims to provide rational hybrid ideas for expanding the reservoir of knowledge regarding fluorophores and promoting the development of newly produced fluorophores for applications in the field of life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiji Zhang
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yunwei Qu
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Duoteng Zhang
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Aixiang Ding
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lei Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Technical Center of Xiamen Customs, Xiamen, 361001, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241002, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lin Li
- Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Future Display Institute in Xiamen, Xiamen, 361005, China
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