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Dhibar S, Mohan A, Karmakar K, Mondal B, Roy A, Babu S, Garg P, Ruidas P, Bhattacharjee S, Roy S, Bera A, Ray SJ, Predeep P, Saha B. Novel supramolecular luminescent metallogels containing Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions with benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid gelator: advancing semiconductor applications in microelectronic devices. RSC Adv 2024; 14:12829-12840. [PMID: 38645531 PMCID: PMC11027726 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07903a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel strategy was employed to create supramolecular metallogels incorporating Tb(iii) and Eu(iii) ions using benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (TA) as a gelator in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF). Rheological analysis demonstrated their mechanical robustness under varying stress levels and angular frequencies. FESEM imaging revealed a flake-like hierarchical network for Tb-TA and a rod-shaped architecture for Eu-TA. EDX analysis confirmed essential chemical constituents within the metallogels. FT-IR, PXRD, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis assessed their gelation process and material properties, showing semiconducting characteristics, validated by optical band-gap measurements. Metal-semiconductor junction-based devices integrating Al metal with Tb(iii)- and Eu(iii)-metallogels exhibited non-linear charge transport akin to a Schottky diode, indicating potential for advanced electronic device development. Direct utilization of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and Tb(iii)/Eu(iii) sources underscores their suitability as semiconducting materials for device fabrication. This study explores the versatile applications of Tb-TA and Eu-TA metallogels, offering insights for material science researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Aiswarya Mohan
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Bijnaneswar Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya Bilaspur 495009 Chhattisgarh India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Saranya Babu
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Parul Garg
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu J&K 181221 India
| | - Pradip Ruidas
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Subham Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Kazi Nazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kalyani Regional Centre Kolkata 741251 India
| | - Ashok Bera
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Jammu J&K 181221 India
| | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Padmanabhan Predeep
- Laboratory for Molecular Photonics and Electronics (LAMP), Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut 673603 Kerala India
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
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Mukherjee A, Ghosh G. Light-regulated morphology control in supramolecular polymers. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2169-2184. [PMID: 38206133 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04989b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive materials have gained significant recent interest owing to their versatility and wide applications in fields ranging from materials science to biology. In the majority of examples, external stimuli, including light, act as a remote source of energy to depolymerize/deconstruct certain nanostructures or provide energy for exploring their functional features. However, there is little emphasis on the creation and precise control of these materials. Although significant progress has been made in the last few decades in understanding the pros and cons of various directional non-covalent interactions and their specific molecular recognition ability, it is only in the recent past that the focus has shifted toward controlling the dimension, dispersity, and other macroscopic properties of supramolecular assemblies. Control over the morphology of supramolecular polymers is extremely crucial not only for material properties they manifest but also for effective interactions with biological systems for their potential application in the field of biomedicine. This could effectively be achieved using photoirradiation which has been demonstrated by some recent reports. The concept as such offers a broad scope for designing versatile stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials with precise structure-property control. However, there has not yet been a compilation that focuses on the present subject of employing light to impact and regulate the morphology of supramolecular polymers or categorize the functional motif for easy understanding. In this review, we have collated recent examples of how light irradiation can tune the morphology and nanostructures of supramolecular polymers and categorized them based on their chemical transformation such as cis-trans isomerization, cycloaddition, and photo-cleavage. We have also established a direct correlation among the structures of the building blocks, mesoscopic properties and functional behavior of such materials and suggested future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Mukherjee
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Correnstrasse 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Goutam Ghosh
- Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), Shivanapura, Dasanapura Hobli, Bengaluru, 562162, India.
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Dhibar S, Pal B, Karmakar K, Roy S, Hafiz SA, Roy A, Bhattacharjee S, Ray SJ, Ray PP, Saha B. A 5-aminoisophthalic acid low molecular weight gelator based novel semiconducting supramolecular Zn(ii)-metallogel: unlocking an efficient Schottky barrier diode for microelectronics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:6714-6723. [PMID: 38024309 PMCID: PMC10662173 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00671a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel method has been successfully developed for creating supramolecular metallogels using zinc(ii) ions and 5-aminoisophthalic acid as the gelator (low molecular weight gelator) in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent at room temperature. Comprehensive rheological investigations confirm the robust mechanical strength of the resulting zinc(ii)-metallogel. Microstructural analysis conducted through field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) unveils a unique flake-like morphology, with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) elemental mapping confirming the prevalence of zinc as the primary constituent of the metallogel. To understand the formation mechanism of this metallogel, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed. Notably, these supramolecular zinc(ii)-metallogel assemblies exhibit electrical conductivity reminiscent of metal-semiconductor (MS) junction electronic components. Surprisingly, the metallogel-based thin film device showcases an impressive electrical conductivity of 1.34 × 10-5 S m-1. The semiconductor characteristics of the synthesized zinc(ii)-metallogel devices, including their Schottky barrier diode properties, have been extensively investigated. This multifaceted study opens up a promising avenue for designing functional materials tailored for electronic applications. It harnesses the synergistic properties of supramolecular metallogels and highlights their significant potential in the development of semiconductor devices. This work represents a novel approach to the creation of advanced materials with unique electronic properties, offering exciting prospects for future innovations in electronic and semiconductor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhendu Dhibar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Baishakhi Pal
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India +91 3324572844
| | - Kripasindhu Karmakar
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
| | - Sanjay Roy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Kalyani Regional Centre, Netaji Subhas Open University West Bengal India
| | - Sk Abdul Hafiz
- Department of Chemistry, KaziNazrul University Asansol 713303 West Bengal India
| | - Arpita Roy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | | | - Soumya Jyoti Ray
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Patna Bihar 801106 India
| | - Partha Pratim Ray
- Department of Physics, Jadavpur University Jadavpur Kolkata 700032 India +91 3324572844
| | - Bidyut Saha
- Colloid Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan Golapbag Burdwan 713104 West Bengal India +91 7001575909 +91 9476341691
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Hu Z, Wang G, Zhang R, Wang L, Wang J, Hu J, Reheman A. Construction of poly(amino acid)s nano-delivery system and sustained release with redox-responsive. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 224:113232. [PMID: 36868182 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel poly(amino acid)s materials were designed to prepare drug-loaded nanoparticles by physical encapsulation and chemical bonding. The side chain of the polymer contains a large number of amino groups, which effectively increases the loading rate of doxorubicin (DOX). The structure contains disulfide bonds that showing a strong response to the redox environment, which can achieve targeted drug release in the tumor microenvironment. Nanoparticles mainly present spherical morphology with the suitable size for participating in systemic circulation. cell experiments demonstrate the non-toxicity and good cellular uptake behavior of polymers. In vivo anti-tumor experiments shows nanoparticles could inhibit tumor growth and effectively reduce the side effects of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Gongshu Wang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, PR China
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, PR China; Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Mindong She Medicine, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, PR China
| | - Jianshe Hu
- Center for Molecular Science and Engineering, College of Science, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, PR China.
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Toxicant and Drug Toxicology, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, PR China; Fujian Province University Engineering Research Center of Mindong She Medicine, Medical College, Ningde Normal University, Ningde, Fujian 352100, PR China.
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Yilmazer S, Schwaller D, Mésini PJ. Beyond Sol-Gel: Molecular Gels with Different Transitions. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040273. [PMID: 37102885 PMCID: PMC10137434 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of sol–gel transitions is one of the most manifest properties of molecular gels. These transitions reflect their nature since they correspond to the association or dissociation of low weight molecules through non-covalent interactions to form the network constitutive of the gel. Most described molecular gels undergo only one gel-to-sol transition upon heating, and the reverse sol-to-gel transition upon cooling. It has been long observed that different conditions of formation could lead to gels with different morphologies, and that gels can undergo a transition from gel to crystals. However, more recent publications report molecular gels which exhibit additional transitions, for instance gel-to-gel transitions. This review surveys the molecular gels for which, in addition to sol–gel transitions, transitions of different nature have been reported: gel-to-gel transitions, gel-to-crystal transition, liquid–liquid phase separations, eutectic transformations, and synereses.
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Liu Z, Zhao X, Chu Q, Feng Y. Recent Advances in Stimuli-Responsive Metallogels. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052274. [PMID: 36903517 PMCID: PMC10005064 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, stimuli-responsive supramolecular gels have received significant attention because their properties can be modulated through external stimuli such as heat, light, electricity, magnetic fields, mechanical stress, pH, ions, chemicals and enzymes. Among these gels, stimuli-responsive supramolecular metallogels have shown promising applications in material science because of their fascinating redox, optical, electronic and magnetic properties. In this review, research progress on stimuli-responsive supramolecular metallogels in recent years is systematically summarized. According to external stimulus sources, stimuli-responsive supramolecular metallogels, including chemical, physical and multiple stimuli-responsive metallogels, are discussed separately. Moreover, challenges, suggestions and opportunities regarding the development of novel stimuli-responsive metallogels are presented. We believe the knowledge and inspiration gained from this review will deepen the current understanding of stimuli-responsive smart metallogels and encourage more scientists to provide valuable contributions to this topic in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.F.)
| | - Xiaofang Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Qingkai Chu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (Y.F.)
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In situ synthesis of reduction-responsive organogelators via oxidative coupling of tritylthio-terminated gallic acid derivatives. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li B, Xuan L, Wu L. Polyoxometalate-Containing Supramolecular Gels. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200019. [PMID: 35102624 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular gels are important soft materials with various applications, which are fabricated through hydrogen bonding, π-π stacking, electrostatic or host-guest interactions. Introducing functional groups, especially inorganic components, is an efficient strategy to obtain gels with robust architecture and high performance. Polyoxometalates (POMs), as a class of negatively-charged clusters, have defined structures and multiple interaction sites, resulting in their potential as building blocks for constructing POM-containing supramolecular gels. The introduction of POMs into gels not only provides strong driving forces for the formation of gels due to the characteristics of charged cluster and oxygen-rich surface, but also brings new properties sourcing from unique electronic structures of POMs. Though many POM-containing gels have been reported, a comprehensive review is still absent. Herein, the concept of POM-containing gels is discussed, following with the design strategies and driving forces. To better understand the results in the literature, detailed examples, which are classified into several categories based on the types of organic components, are presented to illustrate the gelation process and gel structures. Moreover, applications of POM-containing gels in energy chemistry, sustainable chemistry and other aspects are also reviewed, as well as the future developments of this field. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Luyun Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Lixin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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Butera E, Zammataro A, Pappalardo A, Trusso Sfrazzetto G. Supramolecular Sensing of Chemical Warfare Agents. Chempluschem 2021; 86:681-695. [PMID: 33881227 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare agents are a class of organic molecules used as chemical weapons due to their high toxicity and lethal effects. For this reason, the fast detection of these compounds in the environment is crucial. Traditional detection methods are based on instrumental techniques, such as mass spectrometry or HPLC, however the use of molecular sensors able to change a detectable property (e. g., luminescence, color, electrical resistance) can be cheaper and faster. Today, molecular sensing of chemical warfare agents is mainly based on the "covalent approach", in which the sensor reacts with the analyte, or on the "supramolecular approach", which involves the formation of non-covalent interactions between the sensor and the analyte. This Review is focused on the recent developments of supramolecular sensors of organophosphorus chemical warfare agents (from 2013). In particular, supramolecular sensors are classified by function of the sensing mechanism: i) Lewis Acids, ii) hydrogen bonds, iii) macrocyclic hosts, iv) multi-topic sensors, v) nanosensors. It is shown how the supramolecular non-covalent approach leads to a reversible sensing and higher selectivity towards the selected analyte respect to other interfering molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Butera
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Agatino Zammataro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea Pappalardo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Trusso Sfrazzetto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.,INSTM Udr of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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