1
|
Eşmekaya MA, Gürsoy G, Coşkun A. The estimation of pore size distribution of electroporated MCF-7 cell membrane. Electromagn Biol Med 2024; 43:176-186. [PMID: 38900674 DOI: 10.1080/15368378.2024.2366272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The size of the pores created by external electrical pulses is important for molecule delivery into the cell. The size of pores and their distribution on the cell membrane determine the efficiency of molecule transport into the cell. There are very few studies visualizing the presence of electropores. In this study, we aimed to investigate the size distribution of electropores that were created by high intensity and short duration electrical pulses on MCF-7 cell membrane. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize and characterize the membrane pores created by the external electric field. Structural changes on the surface of the electroporated cell membrane was observed by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The size distribution of pore sizes was obtained by measuring the radius of 500 electropores. SEM imaging showed non-uniform patterning. The average radius of the electropores was 12 nm, 51.60% of pores were distributed within the range of 5 to 10 nm, and 81% of pores had radius below 15 nm. These results showed that microsecond (µs) high intensity electrical pulses cause the creation of heterogeneous nanopores on the cell membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meriç Arda Eşmekaya
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güney Gürsoy
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kırşehir Ahi Evran University, Kırsehır, Turkey
| | - Alaaddin Coşkun
- Department of Biophysics, Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale University, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bismuth M, Eck M, Ilovitsh T. Nanobubble-mediated cancer cell sonoporation using low-frequency ultrasound. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:17899-17909. [PMID: 37899700 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03226d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound insonation of microbubbles can form transient pores in cell membranes that enable the delivery of non-permeable extracellular molecules to the cells. Reducing the size of microbubble contrast agents to the nanometer range could facilitate cancer sonoporation. This size reduction can enhance the extravasation of nanobubbles into tumors after an intravenous injection, thus providing a noninvasive sonoporation platform. However, drug delivery efficacy depends on the oscillations of the bubbles, the ultrasound parameters and the size of the target compared to the membrane pores. The formation of large pores is advantageous for the delivery of large molecules, however the small size of the nanobubbles limit the bioeffects when operating near the nanobubble resonance frequency at the MHz range. Here, we show that by coupling nanobubbles with 250 kHz low frequency ultrasound, high amplitude oscillations can be achieved, which facilitate low energy sonoporation of cancer cells. This is beneficial both for increasing the uptake of a specific molecule and to improve large molecule delivery. The method was optimized for the delivery of four fluorescent molecules ranging in size from 1.2 to 70 kDa to breast cancer cells, while comparing the results to targeted microbubbles. Depending on the fluorescent molecule size, the optimal ultrasound peak negative pressure was found to range between 300 and 500 kPa. Increasing the pressure to 800 kPa reduced the fraction of fluorescent cells for all molecules sizes. The optimal uptake for the smaller molecule size of 4 kDa resulted in a fraction of 19.9 ± 1.8% of fluorescent cells, whereas delivery of 20 kDa and 70 kDa molecules yielded 14 ± 0.8% and 4.1 ± 1.1%, respectively. These values were similar to targeted microbubble-mediated sonoporation, suggesting that nanobubbles can serve as noninvasive sonoporation agents with a similar potency, and at a reduced bubble size. The nanobubbles effectively reduced cell viability and may thus potentially reduce the tumor burden, which is crucial for the success of cancer treatment. This method provides a non-invasive and low-energy tumor sonoporation theranostic platform, which can be combined with other therapies to maximize the therapeutic benefits of cancer treatment or be harnessed in gene therapy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mike Bismuth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Michal Eck
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Tali Ilovitsh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel.
- The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wen Z, Liu C, Teng Z, Jin Q, Liao Z, Zhu X, Huo S. Ultrasound meets the cell membrane: for enhanced endocytosis and drug delivery. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13532-13545. [PMID: 37548587 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02562d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocytosis plays a crucial role in drug delivery for precision therapy. As a non-invasive and spatiotemporal-controllable stimulus, ultrasound (US) has been utilized for improving drug delivery efficiency due to its ability to enhance cell membrane permeability. When US meets the cell membrane, the well-known cavitation effect generated by US can cause various biophysical effects, facilitating the delivery of various cargoes, especially nanocarriers. The comprehension of recent progress in the biophysical mechanism governing the interaction between ultrasound and cell membranes holds significant implications for the broader scientific community, particularly in drug delivery and nanomedicine. This review will summarize the latest research results on the biological effects and mechanisms of US-enhanced cellular endocytosis. Moreover, the latest achievements in US-related biomedical applications will be discussed. Finally, challenges and opportunities of US-enhanced endocytosis for biomedical applications will be provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Wen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zihao Teng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Quanyi Jin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhihuan Liao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Xuan Zhu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Shuaidong Huo
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dahis D, Azagury DM, Obeid F, Dion MZ, Cryer AM, Riquelme MA, Dosta P, Abraham AW, Gavish M, Artzi N, Shamay Y, Azhari H. Focused Ultrasound Enhances Brain Delivery of Sorafenib Nanoparticles. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Dahis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Dana Meron Azagury
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Fadi Obeid
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Michelle Z. Dion
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science MIT Cambridge 02139 MA USA
| | - Alexander M. Cryer
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science MIT Cambridge 02139 MA USA
| | - Mariana Alonso Riquelme
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
| | - Pere Dosta
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science MIT Cambridge 02139 MA USA
| | - Ariel William Abraham
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
| | - Moshe Gavish
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 31096 Israel
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Department of Medicine Engineering of Medicine Division Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Cambridge 02115 MA USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering Harvard University Boston MA 02115 USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT Cambridge MA USA
| | - Yosi Shamay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| | - Haim Azhari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Technion Institute of Technology Haifa 3200003 Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou M, Wei T, Gu L, Yang H, Li M, Zhou Y. Focal opening of the neuronal plasma membrane by shock-induced bubble collapse for drug delivery: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:29862-29869. [PMID: 36468436 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cell permeabilization using shock-induced bubble collapse provides an attractive choice for drug delivery systems. In this work, based on a realistically human brain plasma membrane (PM) model, we investigated the focal opening of this complex model by the jet from cavitation, focusing on the effect of characteristic membrane components, particle velocity (up) and bubble diameters (D). Both high levels of cholesterol and specific cerebrosides in the PM model limit the pore opening of cavitation jets. Sphingomyelin is the opposite, but has little effect due to its low content. Two adjustable parameters of up and D can be coupled to control the opening size. The relationship between them and the maximum pore area was provided for the first time. The maximum pore area increases with the up (or the impulse that is positively related to up) in the low-speed range, which agrees with the experimentally observed impulse determinism. However, the maximum area drops in the high-speed range. Combined with D, we proposed that the jet size determines the pore size, not the impulse. Larger bubbles that can create a larger pore in the membrane have a larger jet size, but their impulse is relatively small. Finally, the recovery simulation shows that the membrane with a small pore can be quickly recovered within 300 ps, while that with a larger pore did not recover until 2 μs. These rules from this work may be helpful to optimize the choice of shock waves for the delivery of different drugs across membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.,Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| | - Tong Wei
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| | - Lingzhi Gu
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| | - Hong Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| | - Yang Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Materials, Chinese Academy of Engineering and Physics, 621900, Mianyang, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Przystupski D, Ussowicz M. Landscape of Cellular Bioeffects Triggered by Ultrasound-Induced Sonoporation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911222. [PMID: 36232532 PMCID: PMC9569453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation is the process of transient pore formation in the cell membrane triggered by ultrasound (US). Numerous studies have provided us with firm evidence that sonoporation may assist cancer treatment through effective drug and gene delivery. However, there is a massive gap in the body of literature on the issue of understanding the complexity of biophysical and biochemical sonoporation-induced cellular effects. This study provides a detailed explanation of the US-triggered bioeffects, in particular, cell compartments and the internal environment of the cell, as well as the further consequences on cell reproduction and growth. Moreover, a detailed biophysical insight into US-provoked pore formation is presented. This study is expected to review the knowledge of cellular effects initiated by US-induced sonoporation and summarize the attempts at clinical implementation.
Collapse
|
7
|
Han Y, Sun J, Wei H, Hao J, Liu W, Wang X. Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction: Modulation in the Tumor Microenvironment and Application in Tumor Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:937344. [PMID: 35844515 PMCID: PMC9283646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.937344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor immunotherapy has shown strong therapeutic potential for stimulating or reconstructing the immune system to control and kill tumor cells. It is a promising and effective anti-cancer treatment besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Presently, some immunotherapy methods have been approved for clinical application, and numerous others have demonstrated promising in vitro results and have entered clinical trial stages. Although immunotherapy has exhibited encouraging results in various cancer types, however, a large proportion of patients are limited from these benefits due to specific characteristics of the tumor microenvironment such as hypoxia, tumor vascular malformation and immune escape, and current limitations of immunotherapy such as off-target toxicity, insufficient drug penetration and accumulation and immune cell dysfunction. Ultrasound-target microbubble destruction (UTMD) treatment can help reduce immunotherapy-related adverse events. Using the ultrasonic cavitation effect of microstreaming, microjets and free radicals, UTMD can cause a series of changes in vascular endothelial cells, such as enhancing endothelial cells’ permeability, increasing intracellular calcium levels, regulating gene expression, and stimulating nitric oxide synthase activities. These effects have been shown to promote drug penetration, enhance blood perfusion, increase drug delivery and induce tumor cell death. UTMD, in combination with immunotherapy, has been used to treat melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, bladder cancer, and ovarian cancer. In this review, we summarized the effects of UTMD on tumor angiogenesis and immune microenvironment, and discussed the application and progress of UTMD in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
|
8
|
Application of Ultrasound Combined with Microbubbles for Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084393. [PMID: 35457210 PMCID: PMC9026557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Treatment failure remains one of the prime hurdles in cancer treatment due to the metastatic nature of cancer. Techniques have been developed to hinder the growth of tumours or at least to stop the metastasis process. In recent years, ultrasound therapy combined with microbubbles has gained immense success in cancer treatment. Ultrasound-stimulated microbubbles (USMB) combined with other cancer treatments including radiation therapy, chemotherapy or immunotherapy has demonstrated potential improved outcomes in various in vitro and in vivo studies. Studies have shown that low dose radiation administered with USMB can have similar effects as high dose radiation therapy. In addition, the use of USMB in conjunction with radiotherapy or chemotherapy can minimize the toxicity of high dose radiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, respectively. In this review, we discuss the biophysical properties of USMB treatment and its applicability in cancer therapy. In particular, we highlight important preclinical and early clinical findings that demonstrate the antitumour effect combining USMB and other cancer treatment modalities (radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Our review mainly focuses on the tumour vascular effects mediated by USMB and these cancer therapies. We also discuss several current limitations, in addition to ongoing and future efforts for applying USMB in cancer treatment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Tu J, Yu ACH. Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery: Sonoporation Mechanisms, Biophysics, and Critical Factors. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9807347. [PMID: 37850169 PMCID: PMC10521752 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9807347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation, or the use of ultrasound in the presence of cavitation nuclei to induce plasma membrane perforation, is well considered as an emerging physical approach to facilitate the delivery of drugs and genes to living cells. Nevertheless, this emerging drug delivery paradigm has not yet reached widespread clinical use, because the efficiency of sonoporation is often deemed to be mediocre due to the lack of detailed understanding of the pertinent scientific mechanisms. Here, we summarize the current observational evidence available on the notion of sonoporation, and we discuss the prevailing understanding of the physical and biological processes related to sonoporation. To facilitate systematic understanding, we also present how the extent of sonoporation is dependent on a multitude of factors related to acoustic excitation parameters (ultrasound frequency, pressure, cavitation dose, exposure time), microbubble parameters (size, concentration, bubble-to-cell distance, shell composition), and cellular properties (cell type, cell cycle, biochemical contents). By adopting a science-backed approach to the realization of sonoporation, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery can be more controllably achieved to viably enhance drug uptake into living cells with high sonoporation efficiency. This drug delivery approach, when coupled with concurrent advances in ultrasound imaging, has potential to become an effective therapeutic paradigm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alfred C. H. Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Aghaamoo M, Chen Y, Li X, Garg N, Jiang R, Yun JT, Lee AP. High-Throughput and Dosage-Controlled Intracellular Delivery of Large Cargos by an Acoustic-Electric Micro-Vortices Platform. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2102021. [PMID: 34716688 PMCID: PMC8728830 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A high-throughput non-viral intracellular delivery platform is introduced for the transfection of large cargos with dosage-control. This platform, termed Acoustic-Electric Shear Orbiting Poration (AESOP), optimizes the delivery of intended cargo sizes with poration of the cell membranes via mechanical shear followed by the modulated expansion of these nanopores via electric field. Furthermore, AESOP utilizes acoustic microstreaming vortices wherein up to millions of cells are trapped and mixed uniformly with exogenous cargos, enabling the delivery of cargos into cells with targeted dosages. Intracellular delivery of a wide range of molecule sizes (<1 kDa to 2 MDa) with high efficiency (>90%), cell viability (>80%), and uniform dosages (<60% coefficient of variation (CV)) simultaneously into 1 million cells min-1 per single chip is demonstrated. AESOP is successfully applied to two gene editing applications that require the delivery of large plasmids: i) enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) plasmid (6.1 kbp) transfection, and ii) clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9-mediated gene knockout using a 9.3 kbp plasmid DNA encoding Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA). Compared to alternative platforms, this platform offers dosage-controlled intracellular delivery of large plasmids simultaneously to large populations of cells while maintaining cell viability at comparable delivery efficiencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aghaamoo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Yu‐Hsi Chen
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Neha Garg
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Ruoyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| | - Jeremy Tian‐Hao Yun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Palo Alto Senior High SchoolPalo AltoCA94301USA
| | - Abraham Phillip Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Center for Advanced Design & Manufacturing of Integrated Microfluidics (CADMIM)University of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
- Department of Mechanical & Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92697USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ho YJ, Huang CC, Fan CH, Liu HL, Yeh CK. Ultrasonic technologies in imaging and drug delivery. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6119-6141. [PMID: 34297166 PMCID: PMC11072106 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03904-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasonic technologies show great promise for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery in theranostic applications. The development of functional and molecular ultrasound imaging is based on the technical breakthrough of high frame-rate ultrasound. The evolution of shear wave elastography, high-frequency ultrasound imaging, ultrasound contrast imaging, and super-resolution blood flow imaging are described in this review. Recently, the therapeutic potential of the interaction of ultrasound with microbubble cavitation or droplet vaporization has become recognized. Microbubbles and phase-change droplets not only provide effective contrast media, but also show great therapeutic potential. Interaction with ultrasound induces unique and distinguishable biophysical features in microbubbles and droplets that promote drug loading and delivery. In particular, this approach demonstrates potential for central nervous system applications. Here, we systemically review the technological developments of theranostic ultrasound including novel ultrasound imaging techniques, the synergetic use of ultrasound with microbubbles and droplets, and microbubble/droplet drug-loading strategies for anticancer applications and disease modulation. These advancements have transformed ultrasound from a purely diagnostic utility into a promising theranostic tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Ho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsiang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Medical Device Innovation Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Li Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanwal R, Joshi K, Ditmans M, Tsai SSH, Lee WL. Ultrasound and Microbubbles for Targeted Drug Delivery to the Lung Endothelium in ARDS: Cellular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070803. [PMID: 34356867 PMCID: PMC8301318 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by increased permeability of the alveolar–capillary membrane, a thin barrier composed of adjacent monolayers of alveolar epithelial and lung microvascular endothelial cells. This results in pulmonary edema and severe hypoxemia and is a common cause of death after both viral (e.g., SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial pneumonia. The involvement of the lung in ARDS is notoriously heterogeneous, with consolidated and edematous lung abutting aerated, less injured regions. This makes treatment difficult, as most therapeutic approaches preferentially affect the normal lung regions or are distributed indiscriminately to other organs. In this review, we describe the use of thoracic ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) to deliver therapeutic cargo (drugs, genes) preferentially to severely injured areas of the lung and in particular to the lung endothelium. While USMB has been explored in other organs, it has been under-appreciated in the treatment of lung injury since ultrasound energy is scattered by air. However, this limitation can be harnessed to direct therapy specifically to severely injured lungs. We explore the cellular mechanisms governing USMB and describe various permutations of cargo administration. Lastly, we discuss both the challenges and potential opportunities presented by USMB in the lung as a tool for both therapy and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Sanwal
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (R.S.); (K.J.); (M.D.); (S.S.H.T.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kushal Joshi
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (R.S.); (K.J.); (M.D.); (S.S.H.T.)
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Mihails Ditmans
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (R.S.); (K.J.); (M.D.); (S.S.H.T.)
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Scott S. H. Tsai
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (R.S.); (K.J.); (M.D.); (S.S.H.T.)
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
| | - Warren L. Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada; (R.S.); (K.J.); (M.D.); (S.S.H.T.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Technology (iBEST), Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +416-864-6060 (ext. 77655)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ilovitsh T, Feng Y, Foiret J, Kheirolomoom A, Zhang H, Ingham ES, Ilovitsh A, Tumbale SK, Fite BZ, Wu B, Raie MN, Zhang N, Kare AJ, Chavez M, Qi LS, Pelled G, Gazit D, Vermesh O, Steinberg I, Gambhir SS, Ferrara KW. Low-frequency ultrasound-mediated cytokine transfection enhances T cell recruitment at local and distant tumor sites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:12674-12685. [PMID: 32430322 PMCID: PMC7293655 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914906117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Robust cytotoxic T cell infiltration has proven to be difficult to achieve in solid tumors. We set out to develop a flexible protocol to efficiently transfect tumor and stromal cells to produce immune-activating cytokines, and thus enhance T cell infiltration while debulking tumor mass. By combining ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles, membrane pores are created and facilitate a controllable and local transfection. Here, we applied a substantially lower transmission frequency (250 kHz) than applied previously. The resulting microbubble oscillation was significantly enhanced, reaching an effective expansion ratio of 35 for a peak negative pressure of 500 kPa in vitro. Combining low-frequency ultrasound with tumor-targeted microbubbles and a DNA plasmid construct, 20% of tumor cells remained viable, and ∼20% of these remaining cells were transfected with a reporter gene both in vitro and in vivo. The majority of cells transfected in vivo were mucin 1+/CD45- tumor cells. Tumor and stromal cells were then transfected with plasmid DNA encoding IFN-β, producing 150 pg/106 cells in vitro, a 150-fold increase compared to no-ultrasound or no-plasmid controls and a 50-fold increase compared to treatment with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound (without IFN-β). This enhancement in secretion exceeds previously reported fourfold to fivefold increases with other in vitro treatments. Combined with intraperitoneal administration of checkpoint inhibition, a single application of IFN-β plasmid transfection reduced tumor growth in vivo and recruited efficacious immune cells at both the local and distant tumor sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tali Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Yi Feng
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Azadeh Kheirolomoom
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hua Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Asaf Ilovitsh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Brett Z Fite
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Bo Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Marina N Raie
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Nisi Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Aris J Kare
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Michael Chavez
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Lei S Qi
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Gadi Pelled
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Dan Gazit
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Ophir Vermesh
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Idan Steinberg
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305;
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Duan L, Yang L, Jin J, Yang F, Liu D, Hu K, Wang Q, Yue Y, Gu N. Micro/nano-bubble-assisted ultrasound to enhance the EPR effect and potential theranostic applications. Theranostics 2020; 10:462-483. [PMID: 31903132 PMCID: PMC6929974 DOI: 10.7150/thno.37593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery for tumor theranostics involves the extensive use of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Previously, various types of nanomedicines have been demonstrated to accumulate in solid tumors via the EPR effect. However, EPR is a highly variable phenomenon because of tumor heterogeneity, resulting in low drug delivery efficacy in clinical trials. Because ultrasonication using micro/nanobubbles as contrast agents can disrupt blood vessels and enhance the specific delivery of drugs, it is an effective approach to improve the EPR effect for the passive targeting of tumors. In this review, the basic thermal effect, acoustic streaming, and cavitation mechanisms of ultrasound, which are characteristics that can be utilized to enhance the EPR effect, are briefly introduced. Second, micro/nanobubble-enhanced ultrasound imaging is discussed to understand the validity and variability of the EPR effect. Third, because the tumor microenvironment is complicated owing to elevated interstitial fluid pressure and the deregulated extracellular matrix components, which may be unfavorable for the EPR effect, few new trends in smart bubble drug delivery systems, which may improve the accuracy of EPR-mediated passive drug targeting, are summarized. Finally, the challenging and major concerns that should be considered in the next generation of micro/nanobubble-contrast-enhanced ultrasound theranostics for EPR-mediated passive drug targeting are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Duan
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| | - Dong Liu
- West Anhui University, Lu'an, P.R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resources, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Qinxin Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Yuanbin Yue
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu W, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhiyi C, Huang P. Translational Prospects of ultrasound-mediated tumor immunotherapy: Preclinical advances and safety considerations. Cancer Lett 2019; 460:86-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
16
|
Mutlu B, Farhan M, Kucuk I. T-Shaped Microfluidic Junction Processing of Porous Alginate-Based Films and Their Characteristics. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1386. [PMID: 31450763 PMCID: PMC6780642 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, highly monodisperse porous alginate films from bubble bursting were formed on a glass substrate at ambient temperature, by a T-shaped microfluidic junction device method using polyethylene glycol (PEG) stearate and phospholipid as precursors in some cases. Various polymer solution concentrations and feeding liquid flow rates were applied for the generation of monodisperse microbubbles, followed by the conversion of the bubbles to porous film structures on glass substrates. In order to compare the physical properties of polymeric solutions, the effects of alginate, PEG stearate (surfactant), and phospholipid concentrations on the flowability of the liquid in a T-shaped microfluidic junction device were studied. To tailor microbubble diameter and size distribution, a method for controlling the thinning process of the bubbles' shell was also explored. In order to control pore size, shape, and surface as well as internal structure morphologies in the scalable forming of alginate polymeric films, the effect of the feeding liquid's flow rate and concentrations of PEG-stearate and phospholipid was also studied. Digital microscopy images revealed that the as-formed alginate films at the flow rate of 100 µL·min-1 and the N2 gas pressure of 0.8 bar have highly monodisperse microbubbles with a polydispersity index (PDI) of approximately 6.5%. SEM captures also revealed that the as-formed alginate films with high PDI value have similar monodisperse porous surface and internal structure morphologies, with the exception that the as-formed alginate films with the help of phospholipids were mainly formed under our experimental environment. From the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, we concluded that no chemical composition changes, thermal influence, and crystal structural modifications were observed due to the T-shaped microfluidic junction device technique. The method used in this work could expand and enhance the use of alginate porous films in a wide range of bioengineering applications, especially in tissue engineering and drug delivery, such as studying release behaviors to different internal and surface morphologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Mutlu
- Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Bursa Technical University, Bursa 16310, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Israfil Kucuk
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Gebze Technical University, Gebze 41400, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Escoffre JM, Bouakaz A. Minireview: Biophysical Mechanisms of Cell Membrane Sonopermeabilization. Knowns and Unknowns. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:10151-10165. [PMID: 30525655 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble-assisted ultrasound has emerged as a promising method for the delivery of low-molecular-weight chemotherapeutic molecules, nucleic acids, therapeutic peptides, and antibodies in vitro and in vivo. Its clinical applications are under investigation for local delivery drug in oncology and neurology. However, the biophysical mechanisms supporting the acoustically mediated membrane permeabilization are not fully established. This review describes the present state of the investigations concerning the acoustically mediated stimuli (i.e., mechanical, chemical, and thermal stimuli) as well as the molecular and cellular actors (i.e., membrane pores and endocytosis) involved in the reversible membrane permeabilization process. The different hypotheses, which were proposed to give a biophysical description of the membrane permeabilization, are critically discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Escoffre
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm , 10 bd Tonnellé , 37032 Tours Cedex 1, France
| | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm , 10 bd Tonnellé , 37032 Tours Cedex 1, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Snipstad S, Sulheim E, de Lange Davies C, Moonen C, Storm G, Kiessling F, Schmid R, Lammers T. Sonopermeation to improve drug delivery to tumors: from fundamental understanding to clinical translation. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:1249-1261. [PMID: 30415585 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1547279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles can make cells and tissues more accessible for drugs, thereby achieving improved therapeutic outcomes. In this review, we introduce the term 'sonopermeation', covering mechanisms such as pore formation (traditional sonoporation), as well as the opening of intercellular junctions, stimulated endocytosis/transcytosis, improved blood vessel perfusion and changes in the (tumor) microenvironment. Sonopermeation has gained a lot of interest in recent years, especially for delivering drugs through the otherwise impermeable blood-brain barrier, but also to tumors. AREAS COVERED In this review, we summarize various in vitro assays and in vivo setups that have been employed to unravel the fundamental mechanisms involved in ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery, as well as clinical trials that are ongoing in patients with brain, pancreatic, liver and breast cancer. We summarize the basic principles of sonopermeation, describe recent findings obtained in (pre-) clinical trials, and discuss future directions. EXPERT OPINION We suggest that an improved mechanistic understanding, and microbubbles and ultrasound equipment specialized for drug delivery (and not for imaging) are key aspects to create more effective treatment regimens by sonopermeation. Real-time feedback and tools to predict therapeutic outcome and which tumors/patients will benefit from sonopermeation-based interventions will be important to promote clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Snipstad
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , SINTEF AS , Trondheim , Norway.,c Cancer Clinic , St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Einar Sulheim
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway.,b Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , SINTEF AS , Trondheim , Norway.,c Cancer Clinic , St. Olavs Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Catharina de Lange Davies
- a Department of Physics , Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Chrit Moonen
- d Imaging Division , University Medical Center , Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- e Department of Pharmaceutics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,f Department of Targeted Therapeutics , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- g Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| | - Ruth Schmid
- b Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , SINTEF AS , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Twan Lammers
- e Department of Pharmaceutics , Utrecht University , Utrecht , The Netherlands.,f Department of Targeted Therapeutics , University of Twente , Enschede , The Netherlands.,g Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging , RWTH Aachen University , Aachen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yu J, Chen Z, Yan F. Advances in mechanism studies on ultrasonic gene delivery at cellular level. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 142:1-9. [PMID: 30031881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound provides a means for intracellular gene delivery, contributing to a noninvasive and spatiotemporally controllable strategy suitable for clinical applications. Many studies have been done to provide mechanisms of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery at the cellular level. This review summarizes the studies on the important aspects of the mechanisms, providing an overview of recent progress in cellular experiment of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinsui Yu
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China
| | - Zhiyi Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, PR China.
| | - Fei Yan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramesan S, Rezk AR, Dekiwadia C, Cortez-Jugo C, Yeo LY. Acoustically-mediated intracellular delivery. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13165-13178. [PMID: 29964280 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02898b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent breakthroughs in gene editing have necessitated practical ex vivo methods to rapidly and efficiently re-engineer patient-harvested cells. Many physical membrane-disruption or pore-forming techniques for intracellular delivery, however, result in poor cell viability, while most carrier-mediated techniques suffer from suboptimal endosomal escape and hence cytoplasmic or nuclear targeting. In this work, we show that short exposure of cells to high frequency (>10 MHz) acoustic excitation facilitates temporal reorganisation of the lipid structure in the cell membrane that enhances translocation of gold nanoparticles and therapeutic molecules into the cell within just ten minutes. Due to its transient nature, rapid cell self-healing is observed, leading to high cellular viabilities (>97%). Moreover, the internalised cargo appears to be uniformly distributed throughout the cytosol, circumventing the need for strategies to facilitate endosomal escape. In the case of siRNA delivery, the method is seen to enhance gene silencing by over twofold, demonstrating its potential for enhancing therapeutic delivery into cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwathy Ramesan
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Christina Cortez-Jugo
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology & Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Stewart F, Verbeni A, Qiu Y, Cox BF, Vorstius J, Newton IP, Huang Z, Menciassi A, Näthke I, Cochran S. A Prototype Therapeutic Capsule Endoscope for Ultrasound-Mediated Targeted Drug Delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s2424905x18400019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases such as Crohn’s disease, which is chronic and incurable, are increasing worldwide. Treatment often involves potent drugs with unwanted side effects. The technological–pharmacological combination of capsule endoscopy with ultrasound-mediated targeted drug delivery (UmTDD) described in this paper carries new potential for treatment of these diseases throughout the GI tract. We describe a proof-of-concept UmTDD capsule and present preliminary results to demonstrate its promise as an autonomous tool to treat GI diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fraser Stewart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | | | - Yongqiang Qiu
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| | - Ben F. Cox
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, Scotland
| | - Jan Vorstius
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland
| | - Ian P. Newton
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland
| | | | - Inke Näthke
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland
| | - Sandy Cochran
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Khayamian MA, Baniassadi M, Abdolahad M. Monitoring the effect of sonoporation on the cells using electrochemical approach. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2018; 41:619-625. [PMID: 29137794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation is applied to enhance the permeability of the cell to bioactive materials by employing the acoustic cavitation of microbubbles. This phenomena would be helpful in molecular biology, delivery of large molecules into the cells and gene therapy. Many methods have been applied to monitor the biological effects and trace of sonoporation on the cells such as scanning/transmission electron microscopy, confocal imaging and flow cytometry. Here, we monitored the effect of sonoporation on the cells using electrochemical method with an integrated three electrode system. Electrochemical responses of stimulated cells, compared to flow cytometry and electron microscopy results, presented different patterns of sonoporation in the cells detectable by cyclic voltammetry. In addition, confocal microscopy from actin stress fibers and young's modulus measured by AFM revealed the correlation of cell mechanics and amount of induced sonopores in the cells. This method could be applied as a new trend in cellular mechanochemical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Ali Khayamian
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Baniassadi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdolahad
- Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Nano Bio Electronic Devices Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran; Nano Electronic Center of Excellence, Thin Film and Nanoelectronic Lab, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 14395/515, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fan CH, Lin CY, Liu HL, Yeh CK. Ultrasound targeted CNS gene delivery for Parkinson's disease treatment. J Control Release 2017; 261:246-262. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
24
|
Lee H, Kim H, Han H, Lee M, Lee S, Yoo H, Chang JH, Kim H. Microbubbles used for contrast enhanced ultrasound and theragnosis: a review of principles to applications. Biomed Eng Lett 2017; 7:59-69. [PMID: 30603152 PMCID: PMC6208473 DOI: 10.1007/s13534-017-0016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound was developed several decades ago as a useful imaging modality, and it became the second most popular diagnostic tool due to its non-invasiveness, real-time capabilities, and safety. Additionally, ultrasound has been used as a therapeutic tool with several therapeutic agents and in nanomedicine. Ultrasound imaging is often used to diagnose many types of cancers, including breast, stomach, and thyroid cancers. In addition, ultrasound-mediated therapy is used in cases of joint inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Microbubbles, when used as ultrasound contrast agents, can act as echo-enhancers and therapeutic agents, and they can play an essential role in ultrasound imaging and ultrasound-mediated therapy. Recently, various types of ultrasound contrast agents made of lipid, polymer, and protein shells have been used. Air, nitrogen, and perfluorocarbon are usually included in the core of the microbubbles to enhance ultrasound imaging, and therapeutic drugs are conjugated and loaded onto the surface or into the core of the microbubbles, depending on the purpose and properties of the substance. Many research groups have utilized ultrasound contrast agents to enhance the imaging signal in blood vessels or tissues and to overcome the blood-brain barrier or blood-retina barrier. These agents are also used to help treat diseases in various regions or systems of the body, such as the cardiovascular system, or as a cancer treatment. In addition, with the introduction of targeted moiety and multiple functional groups, ultrasound contrast agents are expected to have a potential future in ultrasound imaging and therapy. In this paper, we briefly review the principles of ultrasound and introduce the underlying theory, applications, limitations, and future perspectives of ultrasound contrast agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Haemin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyounkoo Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Sunho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hongkeun Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
- Sogang Institute of Advanced Technology, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuncheol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sogang University, 35 Baekbeom-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, 04107 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aliabouzar M, Zhang LG, Sarkar K. Lipid Coated Microbubbles and Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound Enhance Chondrogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in 3D Printed Scaffolds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37728. [PMID: 27883051 PMCID: PMC5121887 DOI: 10.1038/srep37728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid-coated microbubbles are used to enhance ultrasound imaging and drug delivery. Here we apply these microbubbles along with low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) for the first time to enhance proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in a 3D printed poly-(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel scaffold. The hMSC proliferation increased up to 40% after 5 days of culture in the presence of 0.5% (v/v) microbubbles and LIPUS in contrast to 18% with LIPUS alone. We systematically varied the acoustic excitation parameters-excitation intensity, frequency and duty cycle-to find 30 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz and 20% duty cycle to be optimal for hMSC proliferation. A 3-week chondrogenic differentiation results demonstrated that combining LIPUS with microbubbles enhanced glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production by 17% (5% with LIPUS alone), and type II collagen production by 78% (44% by LIPUS alone). Therefore, integrating LIPUS and microbubbles appears to be a promising strategy for enhanced hMSC growth and chondrogenic differentiation, which are critical components for cartilage regeneration. The results offer possibilities of novel applications of microbubbles, already clinically approved for contrast enhanced ultrasound imaging, in tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitra Aliabouzar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Kausik Sarkar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinyan Li
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tinghe Yu
- Key Medical Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qin P, Xu L, Han T, Du L, Yu ACH. Effect of non-acoustic parameters on heterogeneous sonoporation mediated by single-pulse ultrasound and microbubbles. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2016; 31:107-115. [PMID: 26964929 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation-transient plasma membrane perforation elicited by the interaction of ultrasound waves with microbubbles--has shown great potential for drug delivery and gene therapy. However, the heterogeneity of sonoporation introduces complexities and challenges in the realization of controllable and predictable drug delivery. The aim of this investigation was to understand how non-acoustic parameters (bubble related and bubble-cell interaction parameters) affect sonoporation. Using a customized ultrasound-exposure and fluorescence-imaging platform, we observed sonoporation dynamics at the single-cell level and quantified exogenous molecular uptake levels to characterize the degree of sonoporation. Sonovue microbubbles were introduced to passively regulate microbubble-to-cell distance and number, and bubble size. 1 MHz ultrasound with 10-cycle pulse duration and 0.6 MPa peak negative pressure were applied to trigger the inertial collapse of microbubbles. Our data revealed the impact of non-acoustic parameters on the heterogeneity of sonoporation. (i) The localized collapse of relatively small bubbles (diameter, D<5.5 μm) led to predictable sonoporation, the degree of which depended on the bubble-to-cell distance (d). No sonoporation was observed when d/D>1, whereas reversible sonoporation occurred when d/D<1. (ii) Large bubbles (D>5.5 μm) exhibited translational movement over large distances, resulting in unpredictable sonoporation. Translation towards the cell surface led to variable reversible sonoporation or irreversible sonoporation, and translation away from the cell caused either no or reversible sonoporation. (iii) The number of bubbles correlated positively with the degree of sonoporation when D<5.5 μm and d/D<1. Localized collapse of two to three bubbles mainly resulted in reversible sonoporation, whereas irreversible sonoporation was more likely following the collapse of four or more bubbles. These findings offer useful insight into the relationship between non-acoustic parameters and the degree of sonoporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao YZ, Zhang M, Tian XQ, Zheng L, Lu CT. Using basic fibroblast growth factor nanoliposome combined with ultrasound-introduced technology to early intervene the diabetic cardiomyopathy. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:675-86. [PMID: 26937188 PMCID: PMC4762584 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s99376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-loaded liposome (bFGF-lip) combined with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technique was investigated to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). Cardiac function and myocardial ultrastructure were assessed. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and Western blot assay were used to investigate the signal pathway underlying the expression of bFGF in DCM treatment. From Mason staining and TUNEL staining, bFGF-lip + UTMD group showed significant differences from the diabetes group and other groups treated with bFGF or bFGF-lip. The diabetes group showed similar results (myocardial capillary density, collagen volume fraction, and cardiac myocyte apoptosis index) to other bFGF treatment groups. Indexes from transthoracic echocardiography and hemodynamic evaluation also proved the same conclusion. These results confirmed that the abnormalities including diastolic dysfunctions, myocardial fibrosis, and metabolic disturbances could be suppressed by the different extents of twice-weekly bFGF treatments for 12 consecutive weeks (free bFGF or bFGF-lip +/− UTMD), with the strongest improvements observed in the bFGF-lip + UTMD group. The group combining bFGF-lip with UTMD demonstrated the highest level of bFGF expression among all the groups. The bFGF activated the PI3K/AKT signal pathway, causing the reduction of myocardial cell apoptosis and increase of microvascular density. This strategy using bFGF-lip and UTMD is a potential strategy in early intervention of DCM in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Qiao Tian
- Department of Ultrasonic Diagnosis, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou City, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhao YZ, Zhang M, Wong HL, Tian XQ, Zheng L, Yu XC, Tian FR, Mao KL, Fan ZL, Chen PP, Li XK, Lu CT. Prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy in diabetic rats by combined therapy of aFGF-loaded nanoparticles and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction technique. J Control Release 2016; 223:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
30
|
Lajoinie G, De Cock I, Coussios CC, Lentacker I, Le Gac S, Stride E, Versluis M. In vitro methods to study bubble-cell interactions: Fundamentals and therapeutic applications. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:011501. [PMID: 26865903 PMCID: PMC4733084 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their use as contrast agents for ultrasound imaging, microbubbles are increasingly studied for a wide range of therapeutic applications. In particular, their ability to enhance the uptake of drugs through the permeabilization of tissues and cell membranes shows great promise. In order to fully understand the numerous paths by which bubbles can interact with cells and the even larger number of possible biological responses from the cells, thorough and extensive work is necessary. In this review, we consider the range of experimental techniques implemented in in vitro studies with the aim of elucidating these microbubble-cell interactions. First of all, the variety of cell types and cell models available are discussed, emphasizing the need for more and more complex models replicating in vivo conditions together with experimental challenges associated with this increased complexity. Second, the different types of stabilized microbubbles and more recently developed droplets and particles are presented, followed by their acoustic or optical excitation methods. Finally, the techniques exploited to study the microbubble-cell interactions are reviewed. These techniques operate over a wide range of timescales, or even off-line, revealing particular aspects or subsequent effects of these interactions. Therefore, knowledge obtained from several techniques must be combined to elucidate the underlying processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ine De Cock
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Séverine Le Gac
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Leow RS, Wan JMF, Yu ACH. Membrane blebbing as a recovery manoeuvre in site-specific sonoporation mediated by targeted microbubbles. J R Soc Interface 2015; 12:rsif.2015.0029. [PMID: 25694544 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2015.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Site-specific perforation of the plasma membrane can be achieved through ultrasound-triggered cavitation of a single microbubble positioned adjacent to the cell. However, for this perforation approach (sonoporation), the recovery manoeuvres invoked by the cell are unknown. Here, we report new findings on how membrane blebbing can be a recovery manoeuvre that may take place in sonoporation episodes whose pores are of micrometres in diameter. Each sonoporation site was created using a protocol involving single-shot ultrasound exposure (frequency: 1 MHz; pulse length: 30 cycles; peak negative pressure: 0.45 MPa) which triggered inertial cavitation of a single targeted microbubble (diameter: 1-5 µm). Over this process, live confocal microscopy was conducted in situ to monitor membrane dynamics, model drug uptake kinetics and cytoplasmic calcium ion (Ca(2+)) distribution. Results show that blebbing would occur at a recovering sonoporation site after its resealing, and it may emerge elsewhere along the membrane periphery. The bleb size was correlated with the pre-exposure microbubble diameter, and 99% of blebbing cases at sonoporation sites were inflicted by microbubbles larger than 1.5 µm diameter (analysed over 124 sonoporation episodes). Blebs were not observed at irreversible sonoporation sites or when sonoporation site repair was inhibited via extracellular Ca(2+) chelation. Functionally, the bleb volume was found to serve as a buffer compartment to accommodate the cytoplasmic Ca(2+) excess brought about by Ca(2+) influx during sonoporation. These findings suggest that membrane blebbing would help sonoporated cells restore homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruen Shan Leow
- Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jennifer M F Wan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Medical Engineering Program, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Kivinen J, Togtema M, Mulzer G, Choi J, Zehbe I, Curiel L, Pichardo S. Sonoporation efficacy on SiHa cells in vitro at raised bath temperatures-experimental validation of a prototype sonoporation device. J Ther Ultrasound 2015; 3:19. [PMID: 26550479 PMCID: PMC4636885 DOI: 10.1186/s40349-015-0040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A device was devised which aimed to reduce the time and expertise required to perform sonoporation on adherent cell cultures. This prototype device was used to examine the superficial effect of bath temperature on sonoporation efficacy. METHODS The prototype device consisted of six ultrasound transducers affixed beneath an Opticell stage. Six transducers with nominal diameters of 20 mm were constructed and the acoustic field of each was characterized using hydrophone scanning. A near field treatment plane was chosen for each transducer to minimize field heterogeneity in the near field. Cervical cancer-derived SiHa cells were exposed to nine different treatments in the presence of plasmid DNA-expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). Ultrasound treatment with Definity ultrasound contrast agent (US+UCA) present, ultrasound treatment without contrast agent present (US), and a sham ultrasound treatment in the presence of ultrasound contrast agent (CA) were each performed at bath temperatures of 37, 39.5, and 42 °C. Each treatment was performed in biological triplicate. GFP expression and PARP expression following treatment were measured using fluorescent microscopy and digital image processing. Cell detachment was measured using phase contrast microscopy before and after treatment. RESULTS Mean (± s.d.) transfection rates for the US+UCA treatment were 5.4(±0.92), 5.8(±1.3), and 5.3(±1.1) % at 37, 39.5, and 42 °C, respectively. GFP expression and cell detachment were both significantly affected by the presence of ultrasound contrast agent (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Neither GFP expression, PARP expression, or detachment differed significantly between bath temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Bath temperature did not impact the efficacy of sonoporation treatment on SiHa cells in vitro. The prototype device was found to be suitable for performing sonoporation on adherent cell cultures and will reduce the time and expertise required for conducting sonoporation experiments on adherent cell cultures in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Kivinen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Image-Guided Interventions, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| | - Melissa Togtema
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| | - Gregor Mulzer
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| | - Joshua Choi
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Ingeborg Zehbe
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| | - Laura Curiel
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Image-Guided Interventions, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| | - Samuel Pichardo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 5E1 Canada.,Image-Guided Interventions, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, 980 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, Ontario, P7B 6V4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Shamout FE, Pouliopoulos AN, Lee P, Bonaccorsi S, Towhidi L, Krams R, Choi JJ. Enhancement of non-invasive trans-membrane drug delivery using ultrasound and microbubbles during physiologically relevant flow. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2435-48. [PMID: 26067786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation has been associated with drug delivery across cell membranes and into target cells, yet several limitations have prohibited further advancement of this technology. Higher delivery rates were associated with increased cellular death, thus implying a safety-efficacy trade-off. Meanwhile, there has been no reported study of safe in vitro sonoporation in a physiologically relevant flow environment. The objective of our study was not only to evaluate sonoporation under physiologically relevant flow conditions, such as fluid velocity, shear stress and temperature, but also to design ultrasound parameters that exploit the presence of flow to maximize sonoporation efficacy while minimizing or avoiding cellular damage. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EA.hy926) were seeded in flow chambers as a monolayer to mimic the endothelium. A peristaltic pump maintained a constant fluid velocity of 12.5 cm/s. A focused 0.5 MHz transducer was used to sonicate the cells, while an inserted focused 7.5 MHz passive cavitation detector monitored microbubble-seeded cavitation emissions. Under these conditions, propidium iodide, which is normally impermeable to the cell membrane, was traced to determine whether it could enter cells after sonication. Meanwhile, calcein-AM was used as a cell viability marker. A range of focused ultrasound parameters was explored, with several unique bioeffects observed: cell detachment, preservation of cell viability with no membrane penetration, cell death and preservation of cell viability with sonoporation. The parameters were then modified further to produce safe sonoporation with minimal cell death. To increase the number of favourable cavitation events, we lowered the ultrasound exposure pressure to 40 kPapk-neg and increased the number of cavitation nuclei by 50 times to produce a trans-membrane delivery rate of 62.6% ± 4.3% with a cell viability of 95% ± 4.2%. Furthermore, acoustic cavitation analysis showed that the low pressure sonication produced stable and non-inertial cavitation throughout the pulse sequence. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a high drug delivery rate coupled with high cell viability in a physiologically relevant in vitro flow system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farah E Shamout
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Patrizia Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Leila Towhidi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Rob Krams
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James J Choi
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tarapacki C, Karshafian R. Enhancing laser therapy using PEGylated gold nanoparticles combined with ultrasound and microbubbles. ULTRASONICS 2015; 57:36-43. [PMID: 25459371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gold nanorod (AuNR) laser therapy (LT) is a non-invasive method of increasing the temperature of a target tissue using near infrared light. In this study, the effects of ultrasound and microbubbles (USMB) with AuNR and LT were investigated on cell viability. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells in suspension were treated with three different treatment combinations of AuNR, LT and USMB (Pneg=0.6 or 1.0 MPa): (1) AuNR with USMB followed by LT, (2) AuNR and LT followed by USMB, and (3) USMB followed by AuNR and LT. Cells were also exposed to USMB and LT without AuNR. The USMB conditions were: 500 kHz frequency, 16 cycles, 1kHz pulse repetition frequency for 1 min in the presence of Definity microbubbles (1.7% v/v). AuNR and LT conditions were: mPEG coated AuNR at 3×10(11) np/mL and 1.9 W/cm(2) for 3 min. Following the treatment, cell viability was assessed using propidium iodide (PI) fluorescent marker and flow cytometry (VPI), and colony assay (VCA). Cell viabilities were compared using a non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test and synergism was assessed using the Bliss Independence Model. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION USMB improved cell death when combined with AuNR and LT. VPI of 17±2% (at 0.6 MPa) and 11±4% (at 1.0 MPa) were observed with combined treatment of AuNR and USMB followed by LT compared to VPI of 60±2% (at 0.6 MPa) and 42±3% (at 1.0 MPa) with USMB alone and VPI of 22±3% for AuNR and LT. The combined effect of AuNR and LT with USMB was additive regardless of treatment order. VCA results agreed with the additive effect caused by combining AuNR and LT with USMB for all treatment orders. In the absence of AuNR, samples exposed to LT prior to USMB at 0.6 MPa increased VPI by 13% (p<0.01) showing a protective effect. CONCLUSION Combining AuNR and LT with USMB resulted in an additive effect on cell viability compared to AuNR and LT, or USMB. In addition, cells exposed to low intensity NIR light appear to be protected against USMB exposure.
Collapse
|
35
|
Lammertink B, Deckers R, Storm G, Moonen C, Bos C. Duration of ultrasound-mediated enhanced plasma membrane permeability. Int J Pharm 2014; 482:92-8. [PMID: 25497443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) induced cavitation can be used to enhance the intracellular delivery of drugs by transiently increasing the cell membrane permeability. The duration of this increased permeability, termed temporal window, has not been fully elucidated. In this study, the temporal window was investigated systematically using an endothelial- and two breast cancer cell lines. Model drug uptake was measured as a function of time after sonication, in the presence of SonoVue™ microbubbles, in HUVEC, MDA-MB-468 and 4T1 cells. In addition, US pressure amplitude was varied in MDA-MB-468 cells to investigate its effect on the temporal window. Cell membrane permeability of HUVEC and MDA-MB-468 cells returned to control level within 1-2 h post-sonication, while 4T1 cells needed over 3h. US pressure affected the number of cells with increased membrane permeability, as well as the temporal window in MDA-MB-468 cells. This study shows that the duration of increased membrane permeability differed between the cell lines and US pressures used here. However, all were consistently in the order of 1-3 h after sonication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Lammertink
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Roel Deckers
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gert Storm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Chrit Moonen
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Clemens Bos
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Mechanisms of microbubble-facilitated sonoporation for drug and gene delivery. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:467-86. [PMID: 24856171 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
37
|
Forbrich A, Paproski R, Hitt M, Zemp R. Comparing efficiency of micro-RNA and mRNA biomarker liberation with microbubble-enhanced ultrasound exposure. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:2207-2216. [PMID: 25023097 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Blood biomarkers are potentially powerful diagnostic tools that are limited clinically by low concentrations, the inability to determine biomarker origin and unknown patient baseline. Recently, ultrasound has been shown to liberate proteins and large mRNA biomarkers, overcoming many of these limitations. We have since demonstrated that adding lipid-stabilized microbubbles elevates mRNA concentration an order of magnitude compared with ultrasound without microbubbles, in vitro. Unfortunately the large size of some mRNA molecules may limit efficiency of release and hinder efficacy as an ultrasound-liberated biomarker. We hypothesize that smaller molecules will be released more efficiently with ultrasound than larger molecules. Although investigation of large libraries of biomarkers should be performed to fully validate this hypothesis, we focus on a small subset of mRNA and micro-RNAs. Specifically, we focus on miR-21 (22 base pairs [bp]), which is upregulated in certain forms of cancer, compared with previously investigated mammaglobin mRNA (502 bp). We also report release of micro-RNA miR-155 (22 bp) and housekeeping rRNA S18 (1869 bp). More than 10 million additional miR-21 copies per 100,000 cells are released with ultrasound-microbubble exposure. The low- molecular-weight miR-21 proved to be liberated 50 times more efficiently than high-molecular-weight mammaglobin mRNA, releasing orders of magnitude more miR-21 than mammaglobin mRNA under comparable conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Forbrich
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Robert Paproski
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Mary Hitt
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada
| | - Roger Zemp
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2V4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lentacker I, De Cock I, Deckers R, De Smedt SC, Moonen CTW. Understanding ultrasound induced sonoporation: definitions and underlying mechanisms. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:49-64. [PMID: 24270006 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 473] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, research has underlined the potential of ultrasound and microbubbles to enhance drug delivery. However, there is less consensus on the biophysical and biological mechanisms leading to this enhanced delivery. Sonoporation, i.e. the formation of temporary pores in the cell membrane, as well as enhanced endocytosis is reported. Because of the variety of ultrasound settings used and corresponding microbubble behavior, a clear overview is missing. Therefore, in this review, the mechanisms contributing to sonoporation are categorized according to three ultrasound settings: i) low intensity ultrasound leading to stable cavitation of microbubbles, ii) high intensity ultrasound leading to inertial cavitation with microbubble collapse, and iii) ultrasound application in the absence of microbubbles. Using low intensity ultrasound, the endocytotic uptake of several drugs could be stimulated, while short but intense ultrasound pulses can be applied to induce pore formation and the direct cytoplasmic uptake of drugs. Ultrasound intensities may be adapted to create pore sizes correlating with drug size. Small molecules are able to diffuse passively through small pores created by low intensity ultrasound treatment. However, delivery of larger drugs such as nanoparticles and gene complexes, will require higher ultrasound intensities in order to allow direct cytoplasmic entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Lentacker
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - I De Cock
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Deckers
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - S C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - C T W Moonen
- Imaging Division, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhao YZ, Tian XQ, Zhang M, Cai L, Ru A, Shen XT, Jiang X, Jin RR, Zheng L, Hawkins K, Charkrabarti S, Li XK, Lin Q, Yu WZ, Ge S, Lu CT, Wong HL. Functional and pathological improvements of the hearts in diabetes model by the combined therapy of bFGF-loaded nanoparticles with ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction. J Control Release 2014; 186:22-31. [PMID: 24815422 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the diabetic patients and currently there is no effective means to reverse its pathological progress. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has shown promise as a molecular therapy for DCM, but its delivery is inefficient and non-specific. In the present study, a therapy combining nanoparticle (NP) carrier and ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) was reported the first time for bFGF delivery to the heart of diabetic rats. bFGF-loaded NP (bFGF-NP) were prepared with Poloxamer 188-grafted heparin copolymer using water-in-water technique, and the morphology, encapsulation efficiency, and bioactivity of bFGF-NP were studied. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of bFGF-NP were evaluated with primary cultures of the left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocytes in vitro. Therapeutic effects of bFGF-NP/UTMD on the heart of DCM rats were studied by measuring LV systolic and diastolic functions, hemodynamic characteristics and indicators of cardiac remodeling including myocardial collagen volume fraction and capillary density. Results demonstrated that bFGF-NP showed good round morphology, efficient bFGF encapsulation and stable bioactivity of bFGF in vitro. bFGF-NP/UTMD combined treatment significantly enhanced the efficiency of bFGF cellular uptake (P<0.05) without obvious cytotoxicity. Significant improvements (P<0.05) in both cardiac functions and tissue morphology in the DCM rats were observed in bFGF-NP/UTMD group. These were not achievable using free bFGF, bFGF-NP or UTMD treatment alone. Our results show that combining a non-viral vector with UTMD technique is an effective strategy to deliver bFGF to the heart, and the resulting growth factor therapy has demonstrated potential to reverse the progress of DCM by restoring the cardiac functions and even the structure of damaged cardiac tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Xin-Qiao Tian
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Lu Cai
- The KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ao Ru
- Ultrasound Department, The First People's Hospital of Huzhou, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province 313000, China
| | - Xiao-Tong Shen
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Rong-Rong Jin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Kyle Hawkins
- The KCHRI at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Subrata Charkrabarti
- Department of Pathology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiao-Kun Li
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Wen-Ze Yu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China
| | - Shuping Ge
- St. Christopher's Hospital for Children/Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Cui-Tao Lu
- Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province 325035, China; Department of Ultrasonography, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ho Lun Wong
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kotopoulis S, Dimcevski G, Gilja OH, Hoem D, Postema M. Treatment of human pancreatic cancer using combined ultrasound, microbubbles, and gemcitabine: a clinical case study. Med Phys 2014; 40:072902. [PMID: 23822453 DOI: 10.1118/1.4808149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability and efficacy of inducing sonoporation in a clinical setting, using commercially available technology, to increase the patients' quality of life and extend the low Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance grade; as a result increasing the overall survival in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Patients were treated using a customized configuration of a commercial clinical ultrasound scanner over a time period of 31.5 min following standard chemotherapy treatment with gemcitabine. SonoVue(®) ultrasound contrast agent was injected intravascularly during the treatment with the aim to induce sonoporation. RESULTS Using the authors' custom acoustic settings, the authors' patients were able to undergo an increased number of treatment cycles; from an average of 9 cycles, to an average of 16 cycles when comparing to a historical control group of 80 patients. In two out of five patients treated, the maximum tumor diameter was temporally decreased to 80 ± 5% and permanently to 70 ± 5% of their original size, while the other patients showed reduced growth. The authors also explain and characterize the settings and acoustic output obtained from a commercial clinical scanner used for combined ultrasound microbubble and chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to combine ultrasound, microbubbles, and chemotherapy in a clinical setting using commercially available clinical ultrasound scanners to increase the number of treatment cycles, prolonging the quality of life in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared to chemotherapy alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Spiros Kotopoulis
- National Centre for Ultrasound in Gastroenterology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen 5021, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Introduction of Genes via Sonoporation and Electroporation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 818:231-54. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4471-6458-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
Hu Y, Wan JMF, Yu ACH. Membrane perforation and recovery dynamics in microbubble-mediated sonoporation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:2393-405. [PMID: 24063956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Transient sonoporation can essentially be epitomized by two fundamental processes: acoustically induced membrane perforation and its subsequent resealing. To provide insight into these processes, this article presents a new series of direct evidence on the membrane-level dynamics during and after an episode of sonoporation. Our direct observations were obtained from anchored fetal fibroblasts whose membrane topography was imaged in situ using real-time confocal microscopy. To facilitate controlled sonoporation at the single-cell level, microbubbles that can passively adhere to the cell membrane were first introduced at a 1:1 cell-to-bubble ratio. Single-pulse ultrasound exposure (1-MHz frequency, 10-cycle pulse duration, 0.85-MPa peak negative pressure in situ) was then applied to trigger microbubble pulsation/collapse, which, in turn, instigated membrane perforation. With this protocol, five membrane-level phenomena were observed: (i) localized perforation of the cell membrane was synchronized with the instant of ultrasound pulsing; (ii) perforation sites with temporal peak area <30 μm(2) were resealed successfully; (iii) during recovery, a thickened pore rim emerged, and its temporal progression corresponded with the pore closure action; (iv) membrane resealing, if successful, would generally be completed within 1 min of the onset of sonoporation, and the resealing time constant was estimated to be below 20 s; (v) membrane resealing would fail for overly large pores (>100 μm(2)) or in the absence of extracellular calcium ions. These findings serve to underscore the spatiotemporal complexity of membrane-level dynamics in sonoporation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Hu
- Medical Engineering Program, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu H, Xu L. Cell experimental studies on sonoporation: state of the art and remaining problems. J Control Release 2013; 174:151-60. [PMID: 24291334 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Sonoporation is the formation of transient pores on cell membrane by ultrasound exposure. Sonoporation can be applied to the increasing delivery of drug or gene into cells. However, there are some problems encountered in sonoporation studies. The mechanisms to produce sonoporation are very complicated; there are too many experimental parameters affecting the sonoporation results; and there are many bio-effects accompanied with sonoporation. In the article, the cell experimental studies on sonoporation were sorted, including experimental methods, mechanisms to produce sonoporation, correlations between sonoporation experimental parameters and results, and bioeffects accompanied with sonoporation. We'd like to make the concepts about sonoporation clearer. The sonoporation technology may be a promising auxiliary technology to promote drug or gene therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen 518056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ibsen S, Schutt CE, Esener S. Microbubble-mediated ultrasound therapy: a review of its potential in cancer treatment. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2013; 7:375-88. [PMID: 23667309 PMCID: PMC3650568 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s31564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The inherently toxic nature of chemotherapy drugs is essential for them to kill cancer cells but is also the source of the detrimental side effects experienced by patients. One strategy to reduce these side effects is to limit the healthy tissue exposure by encapsulating the drugs in a vehicle that demonstrates a very low leak rate in circulation while simultaneously having the potential for rapid release once inside the tumor. Designing a vehicle with these two opposing properties is the major challenge in the field of drug delivery. A triggering event is required to change the vehicle from its stable circulating state to its unstable release state. A unique mechanical actuation type trigger is possible by harnessing the size changes that occur when microbubbles interact with ultrasound. These mechanical actuations can burst liposomes and cell membranes alike allowing for rapid drug release and facilitating delivery into nearby cells. The tight focusing ability of the ultrasound to just a few cubic millimeters allows for precise control over the tissue location where the microbubbles destabilize the vehicles. This allows the ultrasound to highlight the tumor tissue and cause rapid drug release from any carrier present. Different vehicle designs have been demonstrated from carrying drug on just the surface of the microbubble itself to encapsulating the microbubble along with the drug within a liposome. In the future, nanoparticles may extend the circulation half-life of these ultrasound triggerable drug-delivery vehicles by acting as nucleation sites of ultrasound-induced mechanical actuation. In addition to the drug delivery capability, the microbubble size changes can also be used to create imaging contrast agents that could allow the internal chemical environment of a tumor to be studied to help improve the diagnosis and detection of cancer. The ability to attain truly tumor-specific release from circulating drug-delivery vehicles is an exciting future prospect to reduce chemotherapy side effects while increasing drug effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ibsen
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhao YZ, Du LN, Lu CT, Jin YG, Ge SP. Potential and problems in ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1621-33. [PMID: 23637531 PMCID: PMC3635663 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is an important local stimulus for triggering drug release at the target tissue. Ultrasound-responsive drug delivery systems (URDDS) have become an important research focus in targeted therapy. URDDS include many different formulations, such as microbubbles, nanobubbles, nanodroplets, liposomes, emulsions, and micelles. Drugs that can be loaded into URDDS include small molecules, biomacromolecules, and inorganic substances. Fields of clinical application include anticancer therapy, treatment of ischemic myocardium, induction of an immune response, cartilage tissue engineering, transdermal drug delivery, treatment of Huntington’s disease, thrombolysis, and disruption of the blood–brain barrier. This review focuses on recent advances in URDDS, and discusses their formulations, clinical application, and problems, as well as a perspective on their potential use in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zheng Zhao
- Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou City, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ibsen S, Benchimol M, Esener S. Fluorescent microscope system to monitor real-time interactions between focused ultrasound, echogenic drug delivery vehicles, and live cell membranes. ULTRASONICS 2013; 53:178-84. [PMID: 22749476 PMCID: PMC3484231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development in the field of ultrasound triggered drug delivery has made it essential to study the real-time interaction between the membranes of live cells and the membranes of echogenic delivery vehicles under exposure to focused ultrasound. The objective of this work was to design an analysis system that combined fluorescent imagining, high speed videography, and definable pulse sequences of focused ultrasound to allow for real time observations of both cell and vehicle membranes. Documenting the behavior of the membranes themselves has not previously been possible due to limitations with existing optical systems used to understand the basic physics of microbubble/ultrasound interaction and the basic interaction between microbubbles and cells. The performance of this new system to monitor membrane behavior was demonstrated by documenting the modes of vehicle fragmentation at different ultrasound intensity levels. At 1.5MPa the membranes were shown to completely fragment while at intensities below 1MPa the membranes pop open and slowly unfold. The interaction between these vehicles and cell membranes was also documented by the removal of fluorescent particles from the surfaces of live cells out to 20μm from the microbubble location. The fluid flow created by microstreaming around ensonated microbubbles was documented at video recording speeds from 60 to 18,000 frames per second. This information about membrane behavior allows the chemical and physical properties of the drug delivery vehicle to be designed along with the ultrasound pulse sequence to cause the most efficient drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Ibsen
- Department of Bioengineering, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0815, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Togtema M, Pichardo S, Jackson R, Lambert PF, Curiel L, Zehbe I. Sonoporation delivery of monoclonal antibodies against human papillomavirus 16 E6 restores p53 expression in transformed cervical keratinocytes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50730. [PMID: 23226365 PMCID: PMC3511358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV), such as HPV16, have been found in nearly all cases of cervical cancer. Therapies targeted at blocking the HPV16 E6 protein and its deleterious effects on the tumour suppressor pathways of the cell can reverse the malignant phenotype of affected keratinocytes while sparing uninfected cells. Through a strong interdisciplinary collaboration between engineering and biology, a novel, non-invasive intracellular delivery method for the HPV16 E6 antibody, F127-6G6, was developed. The method employs high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in combination with microbubbles, in a process known as sonoporation. In this proof of principle study, it was first demonstrated that sonoporation antibody delivery into the HPV16 positive cervical carcinoma derived cell lines CaSki and SiHa was possible, using chemical transfection as a baseline for comparison. Delivery of the E6 antibody using sonoporation significantly restored p53 expression in these cells, indicating the antibody is able to enter the cells and remains active. This delivery method is targeted, non-cytotoxic, and non-invasive, making it more easily translatable for in vivo experiments than other transfection methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Togtema
- Probe Development and Biomarker Exploration, Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hassan MA, Ahmed IS, Campbell P, Kondo T. Enhanced gene transfection using calcium phosphate co-precipitates and low-intensity pulsed ultrasound. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 47:768-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
49
|
Wu Y, Lu CT, Li WF, Sun CZ, Yang W, Zhang Y, Su ZX, Zhang Y, Fu HX, Huang PT, Lv HF, Dai DD, Li X, Lin GY, Luo SM, Zhao YZ. Preparation and antitumor activity of bFGF-mediated active targeting doxorubicin microbubbles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 39:1712-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.730527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
50
|
Qiu Y, Zhang C, Tu J, Zhang D. Microbubble-induced sonoporation involved in ultrasound-mediated DNA transfection in vitro at low acoustic pressures. J Biomech 2012; 45:1339-45. [PMID: 22498312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2011] [Revised: 02/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, human breast cancer cells MCF-7 mixed with polyethylenimine: deoxyribonucleic acid complex and microbubbles were exposed to 1-MHz ultrasound at low acoustic driving pressures ranging from 0.05 to 0.3 MPa. The sonoporation pores generated on the cell membrane were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The transfection efficiency and cell viability were evaluated with flow cytometry. The results showed that ultrasound sonication under the current exposure condition could generate cell pores with mean size ranging from about 100 nm to 1.25 μm, and that larger sonoporation pores would be generated with the increasing acoustic pressure or longer treatment time, leading to the enhancement of transfection efficiency and the reduction of cell viability. The simulations based on the Marmottant model were performed to test the hypothesis that the microstreaming-induced shear stress might be involved in the mechanisms of the low-intensity ultrasound induced sonoporation. The calculated shear stress resulting from the micro-streaming ranged from 15 to 680 Pa corresponding to the applied acoustic pressures 0.05-0.3 MPa, which is sufficient to induce reversible sonoporation. This study indicates that the shear stress related bio-effects may provide a base for strategies aimed at targeted drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Qiu
- Institute of Acoustics, Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics, MOE, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|