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Hu C, Liu Y, Cao W, Li N, Gao S, Wang Z, Gu F. Efficacy and Mechanism of a Biomimetic Nanosystem Carrying Doxorubicin and an IDO Inhibitor for Treatment of Advanced Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:507-526. [PMID: 38260240 PMCID: PMC10800289 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemotherapy is still the treatment of choice for advanced triple-negative breast cancer. Chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy is being tried in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. As a kind of "cold tumor", triple-negative breast cancer has a bottleneck in immunotherapy. Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase-1 inhibitors can reverse the immunosuppressive state and enhance the immune response. Methods In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles were coated with the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin and indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitor 1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan (1-MT), and then encapsulate the surfaces of a triple-negative breast cancer cell membrane to construct the tumor dual-targeted delivery system CDIMSN for chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and to investigate the immunogenic death effect of CDIMSN. Results and discussion The CDIMSN could target the tumor microenvironment. Doxorubicin induced tumor immunogenic death, while 1-MT reversed immunosuppression. In vivo findings showed that the tumor size in the CDIMSN group was 2.66-fold and 1.56-fold smaller than that in DOX and DIMSN groups, respectively. CDIMSN group was better than naked DIMSN in stimulating CD8+T cells, CD4+T cells and promoting Dendritic Cells(DC) maturation. In addition, blood analysis, biochemical analysis and Hematoxylin staining analysis of mice showed that the bionic nanoparticles had good biological safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuling Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Neurovascular Disease, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women and Children’s Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shen Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fenfen Gu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Zhang H, Li J, Zhou Q. Prognostic role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 expression in solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:954495. [PMID: 36212460 PMCID: PMC9538899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.954495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAs an emerging immune checkpoint molecule, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an immunosuppressive rate-limiting enzyme in metabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine. The expression of IDO1 affected the prognosis of patients in cancers by regulating the kynurenine pathway, inhibiting the proliferation of T cells. However, the association between IDO1 and solid tumor prognosis was controversial. To further investigate the role of IDO1 expression in solid tumors, we conducted the systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsWe searched the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) to identify studies evaluating the prognostic value of IDO1 in solid tumors. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and disease-free survival (DFS) were extracted as the outcome. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by using the fixed-effect/random-effect model, while heterogeneity, publication bias, and sensitivity between studies were also analyzed.ResultsEighteen studies with 2,168 patients were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that the high expression of IDO1 was associated with a shorter OS (n = 1926, HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.22–2.11, P = 0.001) and DFS (n = 327, HR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.52–4.63, P = 0.001), while it was uncorrelated with PFS (n = 428, HR = 1.76, 95% CI: 0.99–3.14, P = 0.240). There was significant heterogeneity between studies on OS (I2 = 77.8%, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that age, gender, tumor type, follow-up period, and study quality were possible reasons for high heterogeneity. The result of the trim-and-fill method indicated that publication bias for OS had no impact on our results. Egger’s test suggested no publication bias for PFS (P = 0.553) and DFS (P = 0.273). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis indicated the result was stable.ConclusionHigh expression of IDO1 was associated with poor clinical outcomes, indicating that it could be a potential prognostic marker in various cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Pharmaceutical Department, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Zhou,
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On-line screening of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibitors by partial filling capillary electrophoresis combined with rapid polarity switching. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1651:462305. [PMID: 34147833 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) has been shown to play an important role in the immune escape process of tumors, and therefore is considered as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. In this study, off-line and on-line capillary electrophoresis methods were developed for IDO1 inhibitors screening from natural product extracts. The optimized separation conditions of CE were achieved with 32 mM sodium tetraborate (pH 9.22) as background electrolyte, using a separation voltage of 21 kV. The off-line CE method was verified by the determination of enzymatic kinetic parameters and inhibitory mechanisms of two known inhibitors. A partial filling on-line CE method combined with rapid polarity switching was used for rapid screening of IDO1 inhibitors. The whole reaction and separation process was completed within 5 min. The on-line CE screening results showed that six of 18 natural products had inhibitory effect on IDO1, namely Carthamus tinctorius, Schisandra chinensis, Raisin, Coffee, Hawthorn and Radix angelicae sinensis. The results of on-line CE experiments were consistent with the off-line results, which proved the practicability and effectiveness of the method for inhibitors screening.
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Sadok I, Rachwał K, Jonik I, Staniszewska M. Reliable chromatographic assay for measuring of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity in human cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:581-592. [PMID: 33541164 PMCID: PMC8759722 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the major tryptophan degradation routes generating bioactive compounds important in physiology and diseases. Depending on cell type it is initiated enzymatically by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1 and IDO2) to yield N-formylkynurenine as the precursor of further metabolites. Herein, we describe an accurate high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method to serve for IDO1 activity determination in human cancer cells cultured in vitro. Enzymatic activity was expressed as the rate of ʟ-kynurenine generation by 1 mg of proteins obtained from cancer cells. Our approach shows the limit of detection and limit of quantification at 12.9 and 43.0 nM Kyn, respectively. Applicability of this method was demonstrated in different cells (ovarian and breast cancer)exposed to various conditions and has successfully passed the validation process. This approach presents a useful model to study the role of kynurenine pathway in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachwał
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Jonik
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Discovery of novel IDO1 inhibitors via structure-based virtual screening and biological assays. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:679-694. [PMID: 33905074 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in catabolism of tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway, which plays a pivotal role in the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. IDO1 has been proven to be an attractive target for many diseases, such as breast cancer, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, etc. In this study, docking-based virtual screening and bioassays were conducted to identify novel inhibitors of IDO1. The cellular assay demonstrated that 24 compounds exhibited potent inhibitory activity against IDO1 at micromolar level, including 8 compounds with IC50 values below 10 μM and the most potent one (compound 1) with IC50 of 1.18 ± 0.04 μM. Further lead optimization based on similarity searching strategy led to the discovery of compound 28 as an excellent inhibitor with IC50 of 0.27 ± 0.02 μM. Then, the structure-activity relationship of compounds 1, 2, 8 and 14 analogues is discussed. The interaction modes of two compounds against IDO1 were further explored through a Python Based Metal Center Parameter Builder (MCPB.py) molecular dynamics simulation, binding free energy calculation and electrostatic potential analysis. The novel IDO1 inhibitors of compound 1 and its analogues could be considered as promising scaffold for further development of IDO1 inhibitors.
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Jin F, Hu Q, Fei H, Lv H, Wang S, Gui B, Zhang J, Tu W, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Wan H, Zhang L, Hu B, Yang F, Bai C, He F, Zhang L, Tao W. Discovery of Hydroxyamidine Derivatives as Highly Potent, Selective Indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:195-201. [PMID: 33603965 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel hydroxyamidine derivatives were identified as potent and selective IDO1 inhibitors by structure-based drug design. Among them, compounds 13-15 and 18 exhibited favorable enzymatic and cellular activities. Compound 18 showed improved bioavailability in mouse, rat, and dog (F% = 44%, 58.8%, 102.1%, respectively). With reasonable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties, compound 18 was further evaluated in a transgenic MC38 xenograft mouse model. The combination of compound 18 with PD-1 monoclonal antibody showed a synergistic antitumor effect. These data indicated that compound 18 as a potential cancer immunotherapy agent should warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Jin
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Qiyue Hu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Hongbo Fei
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Hejun Lv
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Shenglan Wang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Bin Gui
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Junzhen Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Wangyang Tu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Hong Wan
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Fanglong Yang
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
| | - Chang Bai
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
- Chengdu Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Feng He
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
- Chengdu Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
| | - Lianshan Zhang
- Jiangsu Hengrui Medicine Co., Ltd., Lianyungang, Jiangsu 222047, China
| | - Weikang Tao
- Shanghai Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 279 Wenjing Road, Shanghai 200245, China
- Chengdu Suncadia Medicine Co., Ltd., 88 South Keyuan Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
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Dolšak A, Gobec S, Sova M. Indoleamine and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenases as important future therapeutic targets. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 221:107746. [PMID: 33212094 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine is the first and rate-limiting step of the tryptophan metabolic pathway (i.e., the kynurenine pathway). This conversion is catalyzed by three enzyme isoforms: indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2 (IDO2), and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). As this pathway generates numerous metabolites that are involved in various pathological conditions, IDOs and TDO represent important targets for therapeutic intervention. This pathway has especially drawn attention due to its importance in tumor resistance. Over the last decade, a large number of IDO and TDO inhibitors have been developed, many of which have entered clinical trials. Here, detailed structural comparisons of these three enzymes (with emphasis on their active sites), their involvement in cellular signaling, and their role(s) in pathological conditions are discussed. Furthermore, the most important recent inhibitors described in papers and patents and involved in clinical trials are reviewed, with a focus on both selective and multiple inhibitors. A short overview of the biochemical and cellular assays used for inhibitory potency evaluation is also presented. This review summarizes recent advances on IDO and TDO as potential drug targets, and provides the key features and perspectives for further research and development of potent inhibitors of the kynurenine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dolšak
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stanislav Gobec
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matej Sova
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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