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Beliniak A, Gryz J, Klich D, Łopucki R, Sadok I, Ożga K, Jasińska KD, Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Krauze-Gryz D. Long-term, medium-term and acute stress response of urban populations of Eurasian red squirrels affected by different levels of human disturbance. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302933. [PMID: 38701075 PMCID: PMC11068185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals in urban areas often encounter novel and potentially stressful conditions. It is important to understand how wildlife cope with anthropogenic disturbance. To investigate this specific adaptation we live-trapped squirrels in two study sites in Warsaw: a forest reserve and an urban park and we estimated stress responses at three levels: long-term and medium-term stress (the level of stress hormones, i.e. cortisol and cortisone concentrations, in hair and feces) and acute reaction to human-induced stress (measured during handling with the aid of the three indices: breath rate, struggle rate, and vocalization). According to GLMM models no difference in the stress hormones level was found between the two populations. The only differences in cortisol concentrations clearly depended on the season, i.e. being higher in autumn and winter comparying to other seasons. There was no influence of sex, or reproductive status on stress hormones. Forest squirrels had significantly higher breath rates, suggesting they were more stressed by handling. There was no difference in the struggle rate between study areas, this index was mostly affected by season (i.e. being highest in winter). First-trapped squirrels vocalized less than during the subsequent trappings. Assumingly, during the first, and more stressful trapping, squirrels used 'freezing' and/or little vocalization, while during next captures they used alarm calls to warn conspecifics. Overall, we showed that the two squirrel populations differed only in terms of their breath rate. This suggests that they did not differ in medium-term and long-term stress in general, but they can differ in acute response to handling. This also suggests that both populations were similarly affected by environmental factors. The lack of clear effects may also be due to population heterogeneity. Thus, in order to assess the effects of anthropogenic stressors a broader range of indicators and diverse analytical methods, including behavioral analyses, should be employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Beliniak
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Gryz
- Department of Forest Ecology, Forest Research Institute, Sękocin Stary, Raszyn, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Łopucki
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Ożga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina D. Jasińska
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Ścibior
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dagny Krauze-Gryz
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Sadok I, Ożga K, Klich D, Olech W, Krauze-Gryz D, Beliniak A, Łopucki R. A validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of key glucocorticoids in animal hair for applications in conservation biology. Sci Rep 2023; 13:23089. [PMID: 38155201 PMCID: PMC10754919 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49940-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A new method for the determination of main glucocorticoids (cortisol, cortisone, and corticosterone) in hair by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed. Glucocorticoids were extracted from hair shafts using methanol followed by solid-phase extraction. A validation test was performed using hair from three species of wild mammals with different body size (0.2-800 kg), lifestyle (terrestrial, burrowing and arboreal species), social organization (living in herds or solitary), and different predicted type of hair glucocorticoids: European bison (Bison bonasus), European hamster (Cricetus cricetus), and Eurasian red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris). Regardless of the species evaluated, the method shows good linearity for all analytes accompanied by satisfactory accuracy (91-114%) and precision (RSD < 13%). Depending on the analyte and hair origin, the calculated limits of quantification were between 0.05 and 1.19 ng/mL, which corresponds to 1.28-31.51 pg/mg. Using cortisol and cortisone as examples, we have demonstrated that measuring multiple glucocorticoids simultaneously provides more comprehensive information than solely concentrating on one, thereby contributing to a more balanced and reliable interpretation of the acquired results. However, the utility of cortisol metabolites as markers of stress response in keratinized tissues should be substantiated by additional experimental studies on targeted animals. We posit that this paper could serve as a crucial catalyst to prompt such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Kinga Ożga
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Daniel Klich
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wanda Olech
- Department of Animal Genetics and Conservation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Ciszewskiego 8, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dagny Krauze-Gryz
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Beliniak
- Department of Forest Zoology and Wildlife Management, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Łopucki
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K. Dietary Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Source, Fate, and Chromatographic Determinations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16304. [PMID: 38003492 PMCID: PMC10671297 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism plays an essential role in human health. In mammals, about 95% of dietary tryptophan is metabolized through the kynurenine pathway, which is associated with the development of several pathologies, including neurodegeneration. Some of the kynurenine pathway metabolites are agonists of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor involved in metabolic functions, inflammation, and carcinogenesis. Thus, their origins, fates, and roles are of widespread interest. Except for being produced endogenously, these metabolites can originate from exogenous sources (e.g., food) and undergo absorption in the digestive tract. Recently, a special focus on exogenous sources of tryptophan metabolites was observed. This overview summarizes current knowledge about the occurrence of the kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in food and the analytical method utilized for their determination in different food matrices. Special attention was paid to sample preparation and chromatographic analysis, which has proven to be a core technique for the detection and quantification of kynurenines. A discussion of the fate and role of dietary kynurenines has also been addressed. This review will, hopefully, guide further studies on the impact of dietary kynurenines on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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4
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Sadok I, Krzyszczak-Turczyn A, Szmagara A, Łopucki R. Honey analysis in terms of nicotine, patulin and other mycotoxins contamination by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS - method development and validation. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113184. [PMID: 37689938 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Fifty-seven samples of honey of different types and origins were screened for nicotine and nine mycotoxins (aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, fusarenon X, ochratoxin A, penicillic acid, zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, gliotoxin, and patulin). The sample set consisted of monofloral, multifloral, nectar, honeydrew, cream, and artificial honey originating mainly from Poland. The physicochemical characterization of honey was performed by determining colour (by Pfund method), water content (by refractometry), total phenolics and flavonoids content (by spectrophotometry). For nicotine and mycotoxins determination a QuEChERS-based UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed and validated. Analyses were carried out in alkaline conditions to ensure patulin-methanol adduct formation and facilitate this mycotoxin detection. About 33% of tested honey samples were contaminated by nicotine or/and mycotoxins. However, the presence of mycotoxins was not related to herein evaluated physicochemical parameters of honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Krzyszczak-Turczyn
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szmagara
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Rafał Łopucki
- Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Institute of Biological Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
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Szmagara A, Szmagara M, Krzyszczak A, Sadok I. Morphological and phytochemical characterization of Rosa sweginzowii fruit from Poland. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Sadok I, Szmagara A, Krzyszczak A. Validated QuEChERS-based UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the postharvest control of patulin (mycotoxin) contamination in red-pigmented fruits. Food Chem 2023; 400:134066. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K, Staniszewska M. Quantification of nicotinic acid, kynurenine, and kynurenine acid in poultry meat by validated liquid chromatography-single quadrupole mass spectrometry method. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kozak J, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Sadok I, Sztanke K, Sztanke M. Application of a Screen-Printed Sensor Modified with Carbon Nanofibers for the Voltammetric Analysis of an Anticancer Disubstituted Fused Triazinone. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052429. [PMID: 35269572 PMCID: PMC8910141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we propose the first analytical procedure—using a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with carbon nanofibers (SPCE/CNFs)—for the detection and quantitative determination of an electroactive disubstituted fused triazinone, namely 4-Cl-PIMT, which is a promising anticancer drug candidate. The electrochemical performances of the sensor were investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV). The presence of carbon nanofibers on the sensor surface caused a decrease in charge-transfer resistance and an increase in the active surface compared to the bare SPCE. Under the optimised experimental conditions, the proposed voltammetric procedure possesses a good linear response for the determination of 4-Cl-PIMT in the two linear ranges of 0.5–10 nM and 10–100 nM. The low limits of detection and quantification were calculated at 0.099 and 0.33 nM, respectively. In addition, the sensor displays high reproducibility and repeatability, as well as good selectivity. The selectivity was improved through the use of a flow system and a short accumulation time. The SWAdSV procedure with SPCE/CNFs was applied to determine 4-Cl-PIMT in human serum samples. The SWAdSV results were compared to those obtained by the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization/single-quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jędrzej Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (K.T.-R.)
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland; (J.K.); (K.T.-R.)
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Małgorzata Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 4A Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
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Gęca K, Rawicz-Pruszyński K, Mlak R, Sadok I, Polkowski WP, Staniszewska M. Kynurenine and Anthranilic Acid in the Peritoneum Correlate With the Stage of Gastric Cancer Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2022; 15:11786469211065620. [PMID: 35140473 PMCID: PMC8819753 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211065620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to assess the importance of selected kynurenines measured in
peritoneal fluid, lavage washings, and blood serum in patients with advanced
gastric cancer (GC) based on the clinical and pathological staging of TNM
for a more precise evaluation of the stage of the disease. Methods: Data were collected from a prospectively maintained database of all patients
operated on advanced GC between July 2018 and August 2020. In total, 98
patients were eligible for the analysis according to the REMARK
guidelines. Results: Among the various kynurenines analyzed in this study, we found that the
median concentration of anthranilic acid (AA) in the peritoneal lavage
washings was significantly higher in patients with positive nodes (pN1-3)
compared to those with negative nodes (pN0) (P = 0.0100).
Based on the ROC analysis, AA showed diagnostic utility in the
differentiation of the pN staging (P = 0.0047).
Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between AA in peritoneal fluid
with stage pN (P = 0.0116) and a positive correlation
between AA in peritoneal lavage washings with stage cT
(P = 0.0101). We found that the median concentration of
kynurenine (Kyn) in peritoneal lavage washings was significantly higher in
patients with cM1 compared to cM0 patients (P = 0.0047).
Based on the ROC analysis, Kyn showed diagnostic utility in cM staging
differentiation (P < 0.0001). There was a positive
correlation between peritoneal Kyn and stage of cM
(P = 0.0079). Conclusions: AA and Kyn measured in peritoneal lavage indicate advanced GC and may be
considered in the future as valuable adjunct tools in TNM staging of
advanced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Gęca
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Radosław Mlak
- Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Sadok I, Staniszewska M. Electrochemical Determination of Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites-Challenges and Perspectives. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7152. [PMID: 34770460 PMCID: PMC8588338 DOI: 10.3390/s21217152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine pathway has become one of the most active research areas thanks to its involvement in a variety of physiological processes, especially in conditions associated with immune dysfunction, central nervous system disorders, autoimmunity, infection, diabetes, and cancer. The kynurenine pathway generates several metabolites with immunosuppressive functions or neuroprotective, antioxidant, or toxic properties. An increasing body of work on this topic uncovers a need for reliable analytical methods to help identify and quantify tryptophan metabolites at physiological concentrations in biological samples of different origins. Recent methodological advances in the fabrication and application of electrochemical sensors promise a rise in the future generation of novel analytical systems. This work summarizes current knowledge and provides important suggestions with respect to direct electrochemical determinations of kynurenine pathway metabolites (kynurenines) in complex biological matrices. Measurement challenges, limitations, and future opportunities of electroanalytical methods to advance study of the implementation of kynurenines in disease conditions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Kędzierski W, Sadok I, Kowalik S, Janczarek I, Staniszewska M. Does the type of exercise affect tryptophan catabolism in horses? Animal 2021; 15:100377. [PMID: 34624767 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid which metabolises via the kynurenine pathway to generate a number of bioactive substances referred to as kynurenines. Among those are 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HKyn) and quinolinic acid, which are neurotoxic, as well as kynurenic acid (Kyna) and xanthurenic acid (XA), which, similarly to nicotinamide (NAm), show neuroprotective and anti-depressive effects. Routine exercise is known to modulate Trp metabolism in skeletal muscle and is thus believed to reduce the risk of depressive states in humans and laboratory animals. Analogously, it was hypothesised that exercise can influence Trp metabolism in horses as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different types of exercise on Trp metabolism in horses of the same breed. A total of 32 purebred Arabian horses were involved in the study. The 22 three-year-old racehorses were subjected to short-time intense exercise. Ten other horses were made to perform endurance competitions at a distance of 80 km. Blood samples were collected at rest and following the end of the exercise period. Plasma concentrations of Trp, kynurenine (Kyn), Kyna, 3-HKyn, XA and NAm were determined using Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionisation-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Short-time intense exercise led to an increase in plasma concentrations of Kyn, Kyna and XA. The endurance effort induced an increase in Kyna and a decrease in Trp and NAm levels. Both types of exercise, short-time intensive exercise and endurance exercise induced an increase in Trp metabolites, especially Kyna, and did not induce an increase in Trp level. Thus, from a pathophysiological perspective of the kynurenine pathway's influence on mental state, both types of exercise induced beneficial effects in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - I Sadok
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
| | - S Kowalik
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - I Janczarek
- Department of Horse Breeding and Use, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Staniszewska
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Mroczka R, Kozak J, Staniszewska M. Improved Voltammetric Determination of Kynurenine at the Nafion Covered Glassy Carbon Electrode - Application in Samples Delivered from Human Cancer Cells. Int J Tryptophan Res 2021; 14:11786469211023468. [PMID: 34276216 PMCID: PMC8256253 DOI: 10.1177/11786469211023468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, development of analytical methods responding to a need for rapid and
accurate determination of human metabolites is highly desirable. Herein, an
electrochemical method employing a Nafion-coated glassy carbon electrode
(Nafion/GCE) has been developed for reliable determination of kynurenine (a key
tryptophan metabolite) using a differential pulse adsorptive stripping
voltammetry. To our knowledge, this is the first analytical method to allow for
kynurenine determination at the Nafion-coated electrode. The methodology
involves kynurenine pre-concentration in 0.1 M H2SO4 in
the Nafion film at the potential of +0.5 V and subsequent stripping from the
electrode by differential pulse voltammetry. Under optimal conditions, the
sensor can detect 5 nM kynurenine (for the accumulation time of 60 seconds), but
the limit of detection can be easily lowered to 0.6 nM by prolonging the
accumulation time to 600 seconds. The sensor shows sensitivity of
36.25 μAμM−1cm−2 and
185.50 μAμM−1cm−2 for the accumulation time of 60 and
600 seconds, respectively. The great advantage of the proposed method is easy
sensor preparation, employing drop coating method, high sensitivity, short total
analysis time, and no need for sample preparation. The method was validated for
linearity, precision, accuracy (using a high-performance liquid chromatography),
selectivity (towards tryptophan metabolites and different amino acids), and
recovery. The comprehensive microscopic and electrochemical characterization of
the Nafion/GCE was also conducted with different methods including atomic force
microscopy (AFM), optical profilometry, time-of-flight secondary ion mass
spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and
cyclic voltammetry (CV). The method has been applied with satisfactory results
for determination of kynurenine concentration in a culture medium collected from
the human ovarian carcinoma cells SK-OV-3 and to measure IDO enzyme activity in
the cancer cell extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Robert Mroczka
- Laboratory of X-ray Optics, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Kozak
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Sadok I, Jędruchniewicz K, Rawicz-Pruszyński K, Staniszewska M. UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS Quantification of Relevant Substrates and Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway Present in Serum and Peritoneal Fluid from Gastric Cancer Patients-Method Development and Validation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6972. [PMID: 34203517 PMCID: PMC8269001 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites and enzymes involved in the kynurenine pathway (KP) are highly promising targets for cancer treatment, including gastrointestinal tract diseases. Thus, accurate quantification of these compounds in body fluids becomes increasingly important. The aim of this study was the development and validation of the UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS methods for targeted quantification of biologically important KP substrates (tryptophan and nicotinamide) and metabolites(kynurenines) in samples of serum and peritoneal fluid from gastric cancer patients. The serum samples were simply pretreated with trichloroacetic acid to precipitate proteins. The peritoneal fluid was purified by solid-phase extraction before analysis. Validation was carried out for both matrices independently. Analysis of the samples from gastric cancer patients showed different accumulations of tryptophan and its metabolites in different biofluids of the same patient. The protocols will be used for the evaluation of tryptophan and kynurenines in blood and peritoneal fluid to determine correlation with the clinicopathological status of gastric cancer or the disease's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
| | - Karol Rawicz-Pruszyński
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwiłłowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (K.J.)
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Sadok I, Rachwał K, Jonik I, Staniszewska M. Reliable chromatographic assay for measuring of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) activity in human cancer cells. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:581-592. [PMID: 33541164 PMCID: PMC8759722 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1882451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway is the major tryptophan degradation routes generating bioactive compounds important in physiology and diseases. Depending on cell type it is initiated enzymatically by tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) or indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase 1 and 2 (IDO1 and IDO2) to yield N-formylkynurenine as the precursor of further metabolites. Herein, we describe an accurate high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) method to serve for IDO1 activity determination in human cancer cells cultured in vitro. Enzymatic activity was expressed as the rate of ʟ-kynurenine generation by 1 mg of proteins obtained from cancer cells. Our approach shows the limit of detection and limit of quantification at 12.9 and 43.0 nM Kyn, respectively. Applicability of this method was demonstrated in different cells (ovarian and breast cancer)exposed to various conditions and has successfully passed the validation process. This approach presents a useful model to study the role of kynurenine pathway in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamila Rachwał
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Jonik
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Faculty of Science and Health, Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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15
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Tkaczuk-Włach J, Kędzierski W, Jonik I, Sadok I, Filip A, Kankofer M, Polkowski W, Ziółkowski P, Gamian A, Staniszewska M. Immunomodulatory Factors in Primary Endometrial Cell Cultures Isolated from Cancer and Noncancerous Human Tissue-Focus on RAGE and IDO1. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051013. [PMID: 33922995 PMCID: PMC8145962 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Immune modulatory factors like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) generating kynurenine (Kyn) and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) contribute to endometrial and cancer microenvironment. Using adequate experimental models is needed to learn about the significance of these molecular factors in endometrial biology. In this paper we study IDO1 activity and RAGE expression in the in vitro cultured primary human endometrial cells derived from cancerous and noncancerous tissue. Methods: The generated primary cell cultures from cancer and noncancerous endometrial tissues were characterized using immunofluorescence and Western Blot for expression of endometrial and cancer markers. IDO1 activity was studied by Kyn quantification with High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detector. Results: The primary cultures of endometrial cells were obtained with 80% success rate and no major genetic aberrations. The cells retained in vitro expression of markers (mucin MUC1 and HER2) or immunomodulatory factors (RAGE and IDO1). Increased Kyn secretion was associated with cancer endometrial cell culture in contrast to the control one. Conclusions: Primary endometrial cells express immune modulatory factors RAGE and IDO1 in vitro associated with cancer phenotype of endometrium.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Case-Control Studies
- Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics
- Endometrial Neoplasms/immunology
- Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism
- Endometrial Neoplasms/pathology
- Endometrium/immunology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Endometrium/pathology
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Immunomodulation
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/genetics
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Primary Cell Culture
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Tkaczuk-Włach
- Diagnostic Techniques Unit, Collegium Maximum, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Witold Kędzierski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Ilona Jonik
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agata Filip
- Department of Cancer Genetics with Cytogenetic Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 11, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (W.K.); (I.J.); (M.K.)
| | - Wojciech Polkowski
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lublin, Radziwillowska 13, 20-080 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Piotr Ziółkowski
- Department of Pathomorphology, Wroclaw Medical University, Marcinkowskiego 1, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
- SDS Optic S.A., Centrum ECOTECH-COMPLEX, Block A, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-814-545-621
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16
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Kuźniar A, Włodarczyk K, Sadok I, Staniszewska M, Woźniak M, Furtak K, Grządziel J, Gałązka A, Skórzyńska-Polit E, Wolińska A. A Comprehensive Analysis Using Colorimetry, Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Bioassays for the Assessment of Indole Related Compounds Produced by Endophytes of Selected Wheat Cultivars. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051394. [PMID: 33807585 PMCID: PMC7961968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), colorimetry, and bioassays were employed for the evaluation of the ability of endophytic bacterial strains to synthesize indole-related compounds (IRCs) and in particular indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). A total of 54 endophytic strains belonging to seven bacterial genera isolated from tissues of common and spelt wheat cultivars were studied. The endophytic bacteria isolated from different tissues of the tested wheat types were capable of IRCs production, including IAA, which constituted from 1.75% to 52.68% of all IRCs, in in vitro conditions via the tryptophan dependent pathway. The selected post-culture medium was also examined using a plant bioassay. Substantial growth of wheat coleoptile segments treated with the bacterial post-culture medium was observed in several cases. Our data suggest that the studied endophytic bacteria produce auxin-type compounds to support plant development. Summarizing, our approach to use three complementary methods for estimation of IRCs in different endophytic strains provides a comprehensive picture of their effect on wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kuźniar
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-454-5461
| | - Kinga Włodarczyk
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1J Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1J Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (I.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Woźniak
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Str., 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Karolina Furtak
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Str., 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Jarosław Grządziel
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Str., 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Gałązka
- Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation State Research Institute, 8 Czartoryskich Str., 24-100 Puławy, Poland; (M.W.); (K.F.); (J.G.); (A.G.)
| | - Ewa Skórzyńska-Polit
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Wolińska
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 1I Konstantynów Str., 20-708 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (A.W.)
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17
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Kozak J, Sztanke M, Sztanke K, Sadok I. A Screen-Printed Sensor Coupled with Flow System for Quantitative Determination of a Novel Promising Anticancer Agent Candidate. Sensors (Basel) 2020; 20:s20185217. [PMID: 32933116 PMCID: PMC7571158 DOI: 10.3390/s20185217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A carbon nanofibers modified screen-printed carbon sensor (SPCE/CNFs) was applied for the determination of a novel promising anticancer agent candidate (ethyl 8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydroimidazo[2,1-c][1,2,4]triazine-3-carboxylate, EIMTC) using square-wave voltammetry (SWV). It is the first method for the quantitative determination of EIMTC. The modified screen-printed sensor exhibited excellent electrochemical activity in reducing EIMTC. The peak current of EIMTC was found to be linear in two concentration ranges of 2.0 × 10−9 – 2.0 × 10−8 mol L−1 and 2.0 × 10−8 – 2.0 × 10−7 mol L−1, with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−10 mol L−1. The connection of flow-cell for the SPCE/CNFs with SWV detection allowed for the successful determination of EIMTC in human serum samples. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) acted as a comparative method in the serum samples analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Tyszczuk-Rotko
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jędrzej Kozak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Sztanke
- Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Sztanke
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis and Analysis, Chair and Department of Medical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Application, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, Faculty of Science and Health, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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18
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Sadok I, Rachwał K, Staniszewska M. Simultaneous Quantification of Selected Kynurenines Analyzed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry in Medium Collected from Cancer Cell Cultures. J Vis Exp 2020. [PMID: 32449703 DOI: 10.3791/61031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The kynurenine pathway and the tryptophan catabolites called kynurenines have received increased attention for their involvement in immune regulation and cancer biology. An in vitro cell culture assay is often used to learn about the contribution of different tryptophan catabolites in a disease mechanism and for testing therapeutic strategies. Cell culture medium that is rich in secreted metabolites and signaling molecules reflects the status of tryptophan metabolism and other cellular events. New protocols for the reliable quantification of multiple kynurenines in the complex cell culture medium are desired to allow for a reliable and quick analysis of multiple samples. This can be accomplished with liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. This powerful technique is employed in many clinical and research laboratories for the quantification of metabolites and can be used for measuring kynurenines. Presented here is the use of liquid chromatography coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-SQ) for the simultaneous determination of four kynurenines, i.e., kynurenine, 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic, and xanthurenic acid in the medium collected from in vitro cultured cancer cells. SQ detector is simple to use and less expensive compared to other mass spectrometers. In the SQ-MS analysis, multiple ions from the sample are generated and separated according to their specific mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), followed by the detection using a Single Ion Monitoring (SIM) mode. This paper draws the attention on the advantages of the reported method and indicates some weak points. It is focused on critical elements of LC-SQ analysis including sample preparation along with chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. The quality control, method calibration conditions and matrix effect issues are also discussed. We described a simple application of 3-nitrotyrosine as one analog standard for all target analytes. As confirmed by experiments with human ovary and breast cancer cells, the proposed LC-SQ method generates reliable results and can be further applied to other in vitro cellular models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
| | - Kamila Rachwał
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin;
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19
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Mroczka R, Staniszewska M. Simultaneous voltammetric analysis of tryptophan and kynurenine in culture medium from human cancer cells. Talanta 2020; 209:120574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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20
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Wiśniewski JR, Zettl K, Pilch M, Rysiewicz B, Sadok I. 'Shotgun' proteomic analyses without alkylation of cysteine. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1100:131-137. [PMID: 31987133 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
It is a common belief that reduction of disulfide bridges and alkylation of thiols in proteins are indispensable steps in proteomic sample preparation. Since this chemical procedure is often incomplete and prone to side reactions we reexamined its importance. We found that reduction and alkylation do not increase the depth of analysis and quality of proteomic quantification and therefore these steps are not essential in 'shotgun'-type investigations of proteomes. Moreover, we found that compared to a standard procedure using iodoacetamide for thiol-alkylation, sample preparation under conditions protecting thiols from oxidation improves quality of peptides and allows identifying of 10-20% more peptides and proteins. Excluding thiol-alkylation from proteomic sample preparation shortens the workflows and decreases the probability of biases resulting from occurrence of artificially modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek R Wiśniewski
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Katharina Zettl
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Magdalena Pilch
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Beata Rysiewicz
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152, Martinsried, Germany.
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21
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Szmagara A, Krzyszczak A, Sadok I, Karczmarz K, Staniszewska MM, Stefaniak EA. Determination of ellagic acid in rose matrix by spectrofluorimetry. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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Sadok I, Stachniuk A, Staniszewska M. Developments in the Monitoring of Patulin in Fruits Using Liquid Chromatography: an Overview. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-018-1340-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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23
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Ścibior A, Gołębiowska D, Adamczyk A, Kurus J, Staniszewska M, Sadok I. Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the bone of rats in conditions of separate and combined administration of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg). Chem Biol Interact 2018; 284:112-125. [PMID: 29453945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The impact of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg) applied as sodium metavanadate (SMV, 0.125 mg V/ml) and magnesium sulfate (MS, 0.06 mg Mg/ml) on oxidative stress markers in bone of male Wistar rats was investigated. Some of them were also measured in the liver, e.g. l-ascorbic acid (hepatic L-AA). Additionally, relationships between selected indices determined in bone were examined. SMV alone (Group II) did not significantly alter the level of TBARS and the activity of SOD, compared with the control (Group I), but it slightly reduced the GR activity (by 13%) and the L-AA level (by 15.5%). It also markedly lowered the activity of CAT and GPx (by 34% and 29%), and to some degree elevated the activity of GST (by 16%) and the hepatic L-AA level (by 119%). MS alone (Group III) decreased the TBARS level (by 49%), slightly lowered the L-AA concentration (by 14%), and reduced the SOD, GPx, and GR activities (by 31%, 40%, and 28%), but did not change the activity of CAT, compared with the control. Additionally, it elevated the GST activity (by 56%) and the hepatic L-AA level (by 40%). In turn, the SMV + MS combination (Group IV) reduced the TBARS level (by 38%) and the SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR activities (by 61%, 58%, 72%, and 40%) but elevated the GST activity (by 66%), compared with the control. The activity of SOD and GPx in the rats in Group IV was also reduced, compared with Group II (by 61% and 61%) and Group III (by 44% and 54%). In turn, the activities of CAT and GR were decreased, compared with Group III (by 55%) and Group II (by 31%), and the L-AA level was lowered, in comparison with Groups II and III (by 53% and 54%). Further, the concentration of V in the bone of rats in Groups II and IV increased, whereas the concentration of Mg decreased, compared with Groups I and III, in which the V and Mg levels dropped and were not altered, respectively, compared with Group I. The total content of Fe in the bone of rats in Groups II and IV increased, compared with Group III, in which the total Fe content did not change, compared with Group I. In turn, the total bone Cu content significantly decreased in the rats in Groups III and IV, compared with Groups I and II, whereas the total Zn content and the Ca concentration did not change markedly. The results provided evidence that the concentration of V used as SMV did not enhance LPO in bone, whereas Mg, at the selected level, markedly reduced LPO in this tissue. On the other hand, both elements administered separately and in combination disrupted the antioxidant defense mechanisms and homeostasis of some metals in bone tissue, which consequently may have contributed to disturbances in the balance in the activities of osteoblastic and osteoclastic cells, and thereby negatively affected bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ścibior
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Dorota Gołębiowska
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Zoology and Invertebrate Ecology, Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Biochemistry, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Kraśnicka Ave. 102, 20-718, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kurus
- Laboratory of Oxidative Stress, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Methods Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Methods Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Ave. 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk-Rotko K. Ultra-trace determination of silver using lead nanoparticles-modified thiol functionalized polysiloxane film glassy carbon electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Sadok I, Szmagara A, Staniszewska MM. The validated and sensitive HPLC-DAD method for determination of patulin in strawberries. Food Chem 2017; 245:364-370. [PMID: 29287382 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This work outlines HPLC coupled with DAD detection for accurate quantification of patulin (mycotoxin) in strawberries. The optimized extraction of fruit samples through the modified QuEChERS technique in acetonitrile acidified with acetic acid (1%, v/v) and citrate-buffered salts followed by dispersive solid phase extraction using a primary secondary amine and graphitized carbon is described. The method presents LOD and LOQ of 1.5 and 5µg/kg, respectively and has been validated in strawberry matrix at three concentration levels (5, 10 and 50µg/kg), according to SANTE/11945/2015 and the 2002/657/EC Decision requirements. All validated patulin levels show high percentage of patulin recovery. The validation procedure also includes the intermediate precision performed within three successive days in samples spiked with patulin. The developed method was applied for analysis of fresh and frozen strawberries purchased at local markets. Patulin level in analyzed samples was below the level of detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Szmagara
- Laboratory of Composite and Biomimetic Materials, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Maria Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynow 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland.
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Abstract
The kynurenine pathway generates multiple tryptophan metabolites called collectively kynurenines and leads to formation of the enzyme cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The first step in this pathway is tryptophan degradation, initiated by the rate-limiting enzymes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, or tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase, depending on the tissue. The balanced kynurenine metabolism, which has been a subject of multiple studies in last decades, plays an important role in several physiological and pathological conditions such as infections, autoimmunity, neurological disorders, cancer, cataracts, as well as pregnancy. Understanding the regulation of tryptophan depletion provide novel diagnostic and treatment opportunities, however it requires reliable methods for quantification of kynurenines in biological samples with complex composition (body fluids, tissues, or cells). Trace concentrations, interference of sample components, and instability of some tryptophan metabolites need to be addressed using analytical methods. The novel separation approaches and optimized extraction protocols help to overcome difficulties in analyzing kynurenines within the complex tissue material. Recent developments in chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry provide new opportunity for quantification of tryptophan and its degradation products in various biological samples. In this review, we present current accomplishments in the chromatographic methodologies proposed for detection of tryptophan metabolites and provide a guide for choosing the optimal approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Sadok
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
- Department of Medical BiochemistryWroclaw Medical UniversityWroclawPoland
| | - Magdalena Maria Staniszewska
- Laboratory of Separation and Spectroscopic Method Applications, Centre for Interdisciplinary ResearchThe John Paul II Catholic University of LublinLublinPoland
- Laboratory of Medical MicrobiologyHirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental TherapyPolish Academy of SciencesWroclawPoland
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27
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Sadok I. The New Application of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Nafion and Lead Films for Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Dopamine and Paracetamol. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilona Sadok
- Faculty of Chemistry; Maria Curie-Skłodowska University; 20-031 Lublin Poland
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28
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Tyszczuk-Rotko K, Metelka R, Vytřas K, Barczak M, Sadok I, Mirosław B. A simple and easy way to enhance sensitivity of Sn(IV) on bismuth film electrodes with the use of a mediator. Monatsh Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-015-1601-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Sadok I, Tyszczuk Rotko K. New, Simple and Sensitive Voltammetric Procedure for Determination of Paracetamol in Pharmaceutical Formulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.21767/2470-9867.100001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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