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Das A, Smith RJ, Andreadis ST. Harnessing the potential of monocytes/macrophages to regenerate tissue-engineered vascular grafts. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:839-854. [PMID: 38742656 PMCID: PMC11218695 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell-free tissue-engineered vascular grafts provide a promising alternative to treat cardiovascular disease, but timely endothelialization is essential for ensuring patency and proper functioning post-implantation. Recent studies from our lab showed that blood cells like monocytes (MCs) and macrophages (Mϕ) may contribute directly to cellularization and regeneration of bioengineered arteries in small and large animal models. While MCs and Mϕ are leucocytes that are part of the innate immune response, they share common developmental origins with endothelial cells (ECs) and are known to play crucial roles during vessel formation (angiogenesis) and vessel repair after inflammation/injury. They are highly plastic cells that polarize into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes upon exposure to cytokines and differentiate into other cell types, including EC-like cells, in the presence of appropriate chemical and mechanical stimuli. This review focuses on the developmental origins of MCs and ECs; the role of MCs and Mϕ in vessel repair/regeneration during inflammation/injury; and the role of chemical signalling and mechanical forces in Mϕ inflammation that mediates vascular graft regeneration. We postulate that comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms will better inform the development of strategies to coax MCs/Mϕ into endothelializing the lumen and regenerate the smooth muscle layers of cell-free bioengineered arteries and veins that are designed to treat cardiovascular diseases and perhaps the native vasculature as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhati Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
| | - Randall J Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
| | - Stelios T Andreadis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 908 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 332 Bonner Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-1920, USA
- Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 701 Ellicott St, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
- Cell, Gene and Tissue Engineering (CGTE) Center, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, 813 Furnas Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260-4200, USA
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A Comparative Study of an Anti-Thrombotic Small-Diameter Vascular Graft with Commercially Available e-PTFE Graft in a Porcine Carotid Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:537-551. [PMID: 35167044 PMCID: PMC9130378 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00422-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We have designed a reinforced drug-loaded vascular graft composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polydioxanone (PDO) via a combination of electrospinning/3D printing approaches. To evaluate its potential for clinical application, we compared the in vivo blood compatibility and performance of PCL/PDO + 10%DY grafts doped with an antithrombotic drug (dipyridamole) with a commercial expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) graft in a porcine model. Methods: A total of 10 pigs (weight: 25–35 kg) were used in this study. We made a new 5-mm graft with PCL/PDO composite nanofiber via the electrospinning technique. We simultaneously implanted a commercially available e-PTFE graft (n = 5) and our PCL/PDO + 10%DY graft (n = 5) into the carotid arteries of the pigs. No anticoagulant/antiplatelet agent was administered during the follow-up period, and ultrasonography was performed weekly to confirm the patency of the two grafts in vivo. Four weeks later, we explanted and compared the performance of the two grafts by histological analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: No complications, such as sweating on the graft or significant bleeding from the needle hole site, were seen in the PCL/PDO + 10%DY graft immediately after implantation. Serial ultrasonographic examination and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that PCL/PDO + 10%DY grafts showed normal physiological blood flow and minimal lumen reduction, and pulsed synchronously with the native artery at 4 weeks after implantation. However, all e-PTFE grafts occluded within the study period. The luminal surface of the PCL/PDO + 10%DY graft in the transitional zone was fully covered with endothelial cells as observed by SEM. Conclusion: The PCL/PDO + 10%DY graft was well tolerated, and no adverse tissue reaction was observed in porcine carotid models during the short-term follow-up. Colonization of the graft by host endothelial and smooth muscle cells coupled with substantial extracellular matrix production marked the regenerative capability. Thus, this material may be an ideal substitute for vascular reconstruction and bypass surgeries. Long-term observations will be necessary to determine the anti-thrombotic and remodeling potential of this device. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13770-021-00422-4.
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Li H, Song G, Tian W, Ding M, Sun X, Xu J, Dong F, Wang A, Ning P, Yin Y, Wang J. Motility and function of smooth muscle cells in a silk small-caliber tubular scaffold after replacement of rabbit common carotid artery. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 114:110977. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Fibronectin Adsorption on Electrospun Synthetic Vascular Grafts Attracts Endothelial Progenitor Cells and Promotes Endothelialization in Dynamic In Vitro Culture. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030778. [PMID: 32210018 PMCID: PMC7140838 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Appropriate mechanical properties and fast endothelialization of synthetic grafts are key to ensure long-term functionality of implants. We used a newly developed biostable polyurethane elastomer (TPCU) to engineer electrospun vascular scaffolds with promising mechanical properties (E-modulus: 4.8 ± 0.6 MPa, burst pressure: 3326 ± 78 mmHg), which were biofunctionalized with fibronectin (FN) and decorin (DCN). Neither uncoated nor biofunctionalized TPCU scaffolds induced major adverse immune responses except for minor signs of polymorph nuclear cell activation. The in vivo endothelial progenitor cell homing potential of the biofunctionalized scaffolds was simulated in vitro by attracting endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Although DCN coating did attract ECFCs in combination with FN (FN + DCN), DCN-coated TPCU scaffolds showed a cell-repellent effect in the absence of FN. In a tissue-engineering approach, the electrospun and biofunctionalized tubular grafts were cultured with primary-isolated vascular endothelial cells in a custom-made bioreactor under dynamic conditions with the aim to engineer an advanced therapy medicinal product. Both FN and FN + DCN functionalization supported the formation of a confluent and functional endothelial layer.
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Steady-State Behavior and Endothelialization of a Silk-Based Small-Caliber Scaffold In Vivo Transplantation. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081303. [PMID: 31382650 PMCID: PMC6723494 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A silk-based small-caliber tubular scaffold (SFTS), which is fabricated using a regenerated silk fibroin porous scaffold embedding a silk fabric core layer, has been proved to possess good cell compatibility and mechanical properties in vitro. In this study, the endothelialization ability and the steady-state blood flow of SFTSs were evaluated in vivo by implanting and replacing a common carotid artery in a rabbit. The results of the color doppler ultrasound and angiographies showed that the blood flow was circulated in the grafts without aneurysmal dilations or significant stenoses at any time point, and ran stronger and close to the autologous blood vessel from one month after implantation. The SFTSs presented an initial tridimensionality without being distorted or squashed. SEM and immunohistochemistry results showed that a clear and discontinuous endodermis appeared after one month of implantation; when implanted for three months, an endothelial layer fully covered the inner surface of SFTSs. RT-PCR results indicated that the gene expression level of CD31 in SFTSs was 45.8% and 75.3% by that of autologous blood vessels at 3 months and 12 months, respectively. The VEGF gene showed a high expression level that continued to increase after implantation.
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Sánchez Puccini P, Briceño Triana JC. Visco-elasto-plastic modeling of small intestinal submucosa (SIS) for application as a vascular graft. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 88:386-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Sánchez PF, Brey EM, Briceño JC. Endothelialization mechanisms in vascular grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:2164-2178. [PMID: 30079631 DOI: 10.1002/term.2747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the wide variety of tissue-engineered vascular grafts that are currently being developed, autologous vessels, such as the saphenous vein, are still the gold standard grafts for surgical treatment of vascular disease. Recently developed technologies have shown promising results in preclinical studies, but they still do not overcome the issues that native vessels present, and only a few have made the transition into clinical use. The endothelial lining is a key aspect for the success or failure of the grafts, especially on smaller diameter grafts (<5 mm). However, during the design and evaluation of the grafts, the mechanisms for the formation of this layer are not commonly examined. Therefore, a significant amount of established research might not be relevant to the clinical context, due to important differences that exist between the vascular regeneration mechanisms found in animal models and humans. This article reviews current knowledge about endothelialization mechanisms that have been so far identified: in vitro seeding, transanastomotic growth, transmural infiltration, and fallout endothelialization. Emphasis is placed on the models used for study of theses mechanisms and their effects on the development of tissue-engineering vascular conduits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo F Sánchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Eric M Brey
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas.,Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois.,Research Service, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Juan Carlos Briceño
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Research Department, Fundación Cardioinfantil Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Pohl F, Schuon RA, Miller F, Kampmann A, Bültmann E, Hartmann C, Lenarz T, Paasche G. Stenting the Eustachian tube to treat chronic otitis media - a feasibility study in sheep. Head Face Med 2018; 14:8. [PMID: 29728102 PMCID: PMC5935938 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-018-0165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Untreated chronic otitis media severely impairs quality of life in affected individuals. Local destruction of the middle ear and subsequent loss of hearing are common sequelae, and currently available treatments provide limited relief. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of the insertion of a coronary stent from the nasopharynx into the Eustachian tube in-vivo in sheep and to make an initial assessment of its positional stability, tolerance by the animal, and possible tissue reactions. METHODS Bilateral implantation of bare metal cobalt-chrome coronary stents of two sizes was performed endoscopically in three healthy blackface sheep using a nasopharyngeal approach. The postoperative observation period was three months. RESULTS Stent implantation into the Eustachian tube was feasible with no intra- or post-operative complications. Health status of the sheep was unaffected. All stents preserved their cylindrical shape. All shorter stents remained in position and ventilated the middle ear even when partially filled with secretion or tissue. One of the long stents became dislocated toward the nasopharynx. Both of the others remained fixed at the isthmus but appeared to be blocked by tissue or secretion. Tissue overgrowth on top of the struts of all stents resulted in closure of the tissue-lumen interface. CONCLUSION Stenting of the Eustachian tube was successfully transferred from cadaver studies to an in-vivo application without complications. The stent was well tolerated, the middle ears were ventilated, and clearance of the auditory tube appeared possible. For fixation, it seems to be sufficient to place it only in the cartilaginous part of the Eustachian tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Pohl
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert A Schuon
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felicitas Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Kampmann
- Clinic for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eva Bültmann
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Hartmann
- Department of Neuropathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerrit Paasche
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Hearing4all Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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9
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Tu F, Liu Y, Li H, Shi P, Hao Y, Wu Y, Yi H, Yin Y, Wang J. Vascular Cell Co-Culture on Silk Fibroin Matrix. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E39. [PMID: 30966074 PMCID: PMC6414862 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF), a natural polymer material possessing excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability, and has been widely used in biomedical applications. In order to explore the behavior of vascular cells by co-culturing on regenerated SF matrix for use as artificial blood vessels, human aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (HAVSMCs) were co-cultured with human arterial fibroblasts (HAFs) or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on SF films and SF tubular scaffolds (SFTSs). Analysis of cell morphology and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content showed that HUVECs, HAVSMCs and HAFs adhered and spread well, and exhibited high proliferative activity whether cultured alone or in co-culture. Immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that HUVECs and HAFs co-existed well with HAVSMCs on SF films or SFTSs. Cytokine expression determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) indicated that the expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC) in HAVSMCs were inhibited on SF films or SFTSs, but expression could be obviously promoted by co-culture with HUVECs or HAFs, especially that of SM-MHC. On SF films, the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (CD31) in HUVECs was promoted, and the expression levels of both increased obviously when co-cultured with HAVSMCs, with the expression levels of VEGF increasing with increasing incubation time. The expression levels of VEGF and CD31 in cells co-cultured on SFTSs improved significantly from day 3 compared with the mono-culture group. These results were beneficial to the mechanism analysis on vascular cell colonization and vascular tissue repair after in vivo transplantation of SFTSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Tu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunfei Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Helei Li
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Pange Shi
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yunxia Hao
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yue Wu
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Honggen Yi
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yin Yin
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jiannan Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
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López-Ruiz E, Venkateswaran S, Perán M, Jiménez G, Pernagallo S, Díaz-Mochón JJ, Tura-Ceide O, Arrebola F, Melchor J, Soto J, Rus G, Real PJ, Diaz-Ricart M, Conde-González A, Bradley M, Marchal JA. Poly(ethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethyl acrylate) coating improves endothelial re-population, bio-mechanical and anti-thrombogenic properties of decellularized carotid arteries for blood vessel replacement. Sci Rep 2017; 7:407. [PMID: 28341826 PMCID: PMC5412652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized vascular scaffolds are promising materials for vessel replacements. However, despite the natural origin of decellularized vessels, issues such as biomechanical incompatibility, immunogenicity risks and the hazards of thrombus formation, still need to be addressed. In this study, we coated decellularized vessels obtained from porcine carotid arteries with poly (ethylmethacrylate-co-diethylaminoethylacrylate) (8g7) with the purpose of improving endothelial coverage and minimizing platelet attachment while enhancing the mechanical properties of the decellularized vascular scaffolds. The polymer facilitated binding of endothelial cells (ECs) with high affinity and also induced endothelial cell capillary tube formation. In addition, platelets showed reduced adhesion on the polymer under flow conditions. Moreover, the coating of the decellularized arteries improved biomechanical properties by increasing its tensile strength and load. In addition, after 5 days in culture, ECs seeded on the luminal surface of 8g7-coated decellularized arteries showed good regeneration of the endothelium. Overall, this study shows that polymer coating of decellularized vessels provides a new strategy to improve re-endothelialization of vascular grafts, maintaining or enhancing mechanical properties while reducing the risk of thrombogenesis. These results could have potential applications in improving tissue-engineered vascular grafts for cardiovascular therapies with small caliber vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Ruiz
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.,Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gema Jiménez
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvatore Pernagallo
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Juan J Díaz-Mochón
- Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Tura-Ceide
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Clínic; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Arrebola
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Melchor
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Guillermo Rus
- Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Department of Structural Mechanics, University of Granada, Politécnico de Fuentenueva, Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J Real
- Pfizer-Universidad de Granada-Junta de Andalucía Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Granada, Spain
| | - María Diaz-Ricart
- Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, Hospital Clinic, Centre de Diagnostic Biomedic (CDB), Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark Bradley
- School of Chemistry, EaStCHEM, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Juan A Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain. .,Biosanitary Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), University Hospitals of Granada-University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Zhao Z, Wang J, Lu J, Yu Y, Fu F, Wang H, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Gu Z. Tubular inverse opal scaffolds for biomimetic vessels. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:13574-13580. [PMID: 27241065 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
There is a clinical need for tissue-engineered blood vessels that can be used to replace or bypass damaged arteries. The success of such grafts depends strongly on their ability to mimic native arteries; however, currently available artificial vessels are restricted by their complex processing, controversial integrity, or uncontrollable cell location and orientation. Here, we present new tubular scaffolds with specific surface microstructures for structural vessel mimicry. The tubular scaffolds are fabricated by rotationally expanding three-dimensional tubular inverse opals that are replicated from colloidal crystal templates in capillaries. Because of the ordered porous structure of the inverse opals, the expanded tubular scaffolds are imparted with circumferentially oriented elliptical pattern microstructures on their surfaces. It is demonstrated that these tailored tubular scaffolds can effectively make endothelial cells to form an integrated hollow tubular structure on their inner surface and induce smooth muscle cells to form a circumferential orientation on their outer surface. These features of our tubular scaffolds make them highly promising for the construction of biomimetic blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Fanfan Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhongze Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China. and Suzhou Key Laboratory of Environment and Biosafety, Research Institute of Southeast University in Suzhou, Suzhou 215123, China
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12
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In vivo evaluation of biomimetic fluorosurfactant polymer-coated expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular grafts in a porcine carotid artery bypass model. J Vasc Surg 2015; 63:1620-1630.e4. [PMID: 25827964 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential for biomimetic self-assembling fluorosurfactant polymer (FSP) coatings incorporating heptamaltose (M7-FSP) to block nonspecific protein adsorption, the cell adhesive RGD peptide (RGD-FSP), or the endothelial cell-selective CRRETAWAC peptide (cRRE-FSP) to improve patency and endothelialization in small-diameter expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) vascular graft implants. METHODS ePTFE vascular grafts (4 mm in diameter, 5 cm in length) were coated with M7-FSP, RGD-FSP, or cRRE-FSP by dissolving FSPs in distilled water and flowing solution through the graft lumen for 24 hours. Coatings were confirmed by receding water contact angle measurements on the lumen surface. RGD-FSP and cRRE-FSP grafts were presodded in vitro with porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PPAECs) using a custom-designed flow system. PPAEC coverage on the lumen surface was visualized with epifluorescent microscopy and quantified. Grafts were implanted as carotid artery interposition bypass grafts in seven pigs for 33 ± 2 days (ePTFE, n = 3; M7-FSP, n = 4; RGD-FSP, n = 3; cRRE-FSP, n = 4). Patency was confirmed immediately after implantation with duplex color flow ultrasound and at explantation with contrast-enhanced angiography. Grafts were sectioned for histology and stained: Movat pentachrome stain to outline vascular layers, immunofluorescent staining to identify endothelial cells (anti-von Willebrand factor antibody), and immunohistochemical staining to identify smooth muscle cells (anti-smooth muscle α-actin antibody). Neointima to lumen area ratio was determined to evaluate neointimal hyperplasia. RESULTS Receding water contact angle measurements on graft luminal surfaces were significantly lower (P < .05) on FSP-coated ePTFE surfaces (M7-FSP, 40 ± 16 degrees; RGD-FSP, 25 ± 10 degrees; cRRE-FSP, 33 ± 16 degrees) compared with uncoated ePTFE (126 ± 2 degrees), confirming presence of the FSP layer. In vitro sodding of PPAECs on RGD-FSP and cRRE-FSP grafts resulted in a confluent monolayer of PPAECs on the luminal surface, with a similar cell population on RGD-FSP (1200 ± 187 cells/mm(2)) and cRRE-FSP (1134 ± 153 cells/mm(2)) grafts. All grafts were patent immediately after implantation, and one of three uncoated, two of three RGD-FSP, two of four M7-FSP, and two of four cRRE-FSP grafts remained patent after 1 month. PPAEC coverage of the lumen surface was seen in all patent grafts. RGD-FSP grafts had a slightly higher neointima to lumen area ratio (0.53 ± 0.06) compared with uncoated (0.29 ± 0.15), M7-FSP (0.20 ± 0.15), or cRRE-FSP (0.17 ± 0.09) grafts. CONCLUSIONS Biomimetic FSP-coated ePTFE grafts can be used successfully in vivo and have potential to support endothelialization. Grafts modified with the M7-FSP and cRRE-FSP showed lower intimal hyperplasia compared with RGD-FSP grafts.
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Pernagallo S, Tura O, Wu M, Samuel K, Diaz-Mochon JJ, Hansen A, Zhang R, Jackson M, Padfield GJ, Hadoke PWF, Mills NL, Turner ML, Iredale JP, Hay DC, Bradley M. Novel biopolymers to enhance endothelialisation of intra-vascular devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2012. [PMID: 23184801 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Rapid endothelisation is of critical importance in the prevention of adverse remodelling after device implantation. Currently, there is a need for alternative strategies to promote re-endothelialisation for intravascular stents and vascular grafts. Using polymer microarray technology 345 polymers are comprehensively assessed and a matrix is identified that specifically supports both progenitor and mature endothelial cell activity in vitro and in vivo while minimising platelet attachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Pernagallo
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK
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Hoenicka M, Schrammel S, Bursa J, Huber G, Bronger H, Schmid C, Birnbaum DE. Development of endothelium-denuded human umbilical veins as living scaffolds for tissue-engineered small-calibre vascular grafts. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:324-36. [PMID: 22689499 DOI: 10.1002/term.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 07/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered small-calibre vessel grafts may help to alleviate the lack of graft material for coronary and peripheral bypass grafting in an increasing number of patients. This study explored the use of endothelium-denuded human umbilical veins (HUVs) as scaffolds for vascular tissue engineering in a perfusion bioreactor. Vessel diameter (1.2 ± 0.4 mm), wall thickness (0.38 ± 0.09 mm), uniaxial ultimate failure stress (8029 ± 1714 kPa) and burst pressure (48.4 ± 20.2 kPa, range 28.4-83.9 kPa) were determined in native samples. The effects of endothelium removal from HUVs by enzymatic digestion, hypotonic lysis and dehydration were assessed. Dehydration did not significantly affect contractile function, tetrazolium dye reduction, mechanical strength and vessel structure, whereas the other methods failed in at least one of these parameters. Denudation by dehydration retained laminin, fibronectin, collagen and elastic fibres. Denuded HUVs were seeded in a perfusion bioreactor with either allogeneic HUVs endothelial cells or with saphenous vein endothelial cells harvested from patients with coronary artery disease. Seeding in a perfusion bioreactor resulted in a confluent monolayer of endothelial cells from both sources, as judged by histology and scanning electron microscopy. Seeded cells contained von Willebrand factor and CD31. In conclusion, denuded HUVs should be considered an alternative to decellularized blood vessels, as the process keeps the smooth muscle layer intact and functional, retains proteins relevant for biomechanic properties and for cell attachment and provides a suitable scaffold for seeding an autologous and flow-resistant endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Hoenicka
- University of Regensburg Medical Centre, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Regensburg, Germany.
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15
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Xie X, Eberhart A, Guidoin R, Marois Y, Douville Y, Zhang Z. Five Types of Polyurethane Vascular Grafts in Dogs: The Importance of Structural Design and Material Selection. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2012; 21:1239-64. [DOI: 10.1163/092050609x12481751806295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingyi Xie
- a Department of Polymeric Biomaterials and Artificial Organs, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Andreas Eberhart
- b Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Robert Guidoin
- c Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Yves Marois
- d Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Yvan Douville
- e Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5
| | - Ze Zhang
- f Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University; The Research Center of Saint-François d'Assise Hospital, CHUQ, 10 Espinay Street, Room E0-165, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada G1L 3L5;,
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van den Akker NMS, Kolk FF, Jeukens F, Verbruggen S, Gagliardi M, Dullens S, Heschel I, Post MJ, Molin DGM, Waltenberger J. Vascular potency of Sus scrofa bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a progenitor source of medial but not endothelial cells. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 18:828-39. [PMID: 22011280 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2011.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-term thrombotic occlusion and compliance mismatch hamper clinical use of synthetic small-diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts. It is felt that preconditioning of the graft with intimal (endothelial) and medial (vascular smooth muscle) cells contributes to patency of the graft. Autologous, non-vessel-derived cells are preferred because of systemic vascular pathology and immunologic concerns. We tested in a porcine model whether cultured bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), are a potential source of intimal or medial cells in vascular tissue engineering. We show that MSC cultured in endothelial medium do not gain an endothelial phenotype or functional characteristics, even after enrichment for CD31, culturing under flow, treatment with additional growth factors (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2), or co-culture with microvascular endothelial cells (EC). On the other hand, we show that MSC cultured in MSC medium, but not in smooth muscle cell medium, show phenotypical and functional characteristics of vascular smooth muscle cells. We conclude that bone marrow-derived MSCs can be used as a bona fide source of medial, but not EC in small-diameter vascular tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nynke M S van den Akker
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Andrade FK, Costa R, Domingues L, Soares R, Gama M. Improving bacterial cellulose for blood vessel replacement: Functionalization with a chimeric protein containing a cellulose-binding module and an adhesion peptide. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:4034-41. [PMID: 20438872 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chimeric proteins containing a cellulose-binding module (CBM) and an adhesion peptide (RGD or GRGDY) were produced and used to improve the adhesion of human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC) to bacterial cellulose (BC). The effect of these proteins on the HMEC-BC interaction was studied. The results obtained demonstrated that recombinant proteins containing adhesion sequences were able to significantly increase the attachment of HMEC to BC surfaces, especially the RGD sequence. The images obtained by scanning electron microscopy showed that the cells on the RGD-treated BC present a more elongated morphology 48h after cell seeding. The results also showed that RGD decreased the in-growth of HMEC cells through the BC and stimulated the early formation of cord-like structures by these endothelial cells. Thus, the use of recombinant proteins containing a CBM domain, with high affinity and specificity for cellulose surfaces allows control of the interaction of this material with cells. CBM may be combined with virtually any biologically active protein for the modification of cellulose-based materials, for in vitro or in vivo applications.
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Hoenicka M, Wiedemann L, Puehler T, Hirt S, Birnbaum DE, Schmid C. Effects of Shear Forces and Pressure on Blood Vessel Function and Metabolism in a Perfusion Bioreactor. Ann Biomed Eng 2010; 38:3706-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s10439-010-0116-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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19
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Karlsson LK, Junker JP, Grenegård M, Kratz G. Human Dermal Fibroblasts: A Potential Cell Source for Endothelialization of Vascular Grafts. Ann Vasc Surg 2009; 23:663-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2009.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2009] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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20
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Pullens RAA, Stekelenburg M, Baaijens FPT, Post MJ. The influence of endothelial cells on the ECM composition of 3D engineered cardiovascular constructs. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2009; 3:11-8. [PMID: 18972581 DOI: 10.1002/term.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering of small diameter (<5 mm) blood vessels is a promising approach to develop viable alternatives for autologous vascular grafts. Development of a functional, adherent, shear resisting endothelial cell (EC) layer is one of the major issues limiting the successful application of these tissue engineered grafts. The goal of the present study was to create a confluent EC layer on a rectangular 3D cardiovascular construct using human venous cells and to determine the influence of this layer on the extracellular matrix composition and mechanical properties of the constructs. Rectangular cardiovascular constructs were created by seeding myofibroblasts (MFs) on poly(glycolic acid) poly-4-hydroxybutyrate scaffolds using fibrin gel. After 3 or 4 weeks, ECs were seeded and co-cultured using EGM-2 medium for 2 or 1 week, respectively. A confluent EC layer could be created and maintained for up to 2 weeks. The EGM-2 medium lowered the collagen production by MFs, resulting in weaker constructs, especially in the 2 week cultured constructs. Co-culturing with ECs slightly reduced the collagen content, but had no additional affect on the mechanical performance. A confluent endothelial layer was created on 3D human cardiovascular constructs. The layer was co-cultured for 1 and 2 weeks. Although, the collagen production of the MFs was slightly lowered, co-culturing ECs for 1 week results in constructs with good mechanical properties and a confluent EC layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf A A Pullens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Chan-Park MB, Shen JY, Cao Y, Xiong Y, Liu Y, Rayatpisheh S, Kang GCW, Greisler HP. Biomimetic control of vascular smooth muscle cell morphology and phenotype for functional tissue-engineered small-diameter blood vessels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2009; 88:1104-21. [PMID: 19097157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.32318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Small-diameter blood vessel substitutes are urgently needed for patients requiring replacements of their coronary and below-the-knee vessels and for better arteriovenous dialysis shunts. Circulatory diseases, especially those arising from atherosclerosis, are the predominant cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. Current therapies include the use of autologous vessels or synthetic materials as vessel replacements. The limited availability of healthy vessels for use as bypass grafts and the failure of purely synthetic materials in small-diameter sites necessitate the development of a biological substitute. Tissue engineering is such an approach and has achieved promising results, but reconstruction of a functional vascular tunica media, with circumferentially oriented contractile smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and extracellular matrix, appropriate mechanical properties, and vasoactivity has yet to be demonstrated. This review focuses on strategies to effect the switch of SMC phenotype from synthetic to contractile, which is regarded as crucial for the engineering of a functional vascular media. The synthetic SMC phenotype is desired initially for cell proliferation and tissue remodeling, but the contractile phenotype is then necessary for sufficient vasoactivity and inhibition of neointima formation. The factors governing the switch to a more contractile phenotype with in vitro culture are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary B Chan-Park
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Ave, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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de Mel A, Bolvin C, Edirisinghe M, Hamilton G, Seifalian AM. Development of cardiovascular bypass grafts: endothelialization and applications of nanotechnology. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2009; 6:1259-77. [PMID: 18939913 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.6.9.1259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a critical clinical need for small-diameter bypass grafts, with applications involved in the coronary artery and lower limb. Commercially available materials give rise to unfavorable responses when in contact with blood and subjected to low-flow hemodynamics and, thus, are nonideal as small-diameter bypass grafts. Optimizing the mechanical properties to match both the native artery and the graft surfaces has received keen attention. Endothelialization of bypass grafts is considered a protective mechanism where the biochemicals produced from endothelial cells exert a range of favorable responses, including antithrombotic, noninflammatory responses and inhibition of intimal hyperplasia. In situ endothelialization is most desirable. Nanotechnology approaches facilitate all aspects of endothelialization, including endothelial progenitor cell mobilization, migration, adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. 'Surface nanoarchitecturing mechanisms', which mimic the natural extracellular matrix to optimize endothelial progenitor cell interaction and controlled delivery of various factors in the form of nanoparticles, which can be combined with gene therapy, are of keen interest. This article discusses the development of bypass grafts, focusing on the optimization of the biological properties of mechanically suitable grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achala de Mel
- Centre of Nanotechnology, Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering, UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
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23
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Towards microfabricated biohybrid artificial lung modules for chronic respiratory support. Biomed Microdevices 2008; 11:117-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10544-008-9215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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