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Vaydich JL, Carpenter TP, Schwark JK, Molina L. Disordered eating among college students: The effects of parental attachment and the mediating role of emotion dysregulation. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022; 70:2168-2175. [PMID: 33258731 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1846045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ObjectivesThe current study explored the relationship between parental attachment and disordered eating among college students. This study also explored the potential mediating role of factors associated with emotion regulation. Participants: One hundred sixty-seven undergraduates (M = 18.93 years, SD = 1.02) participated in the current study. Methods: Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire reporting their perceptions of their parental attachment relationships, emotional reactivity, difficulty regulating emotions, and disordered eating. Results: Analyses using structural equation modeling indicated that difficulty regulating emotions mediated the relationship between maternal attachment and disordered eating, but not between paternal attachment and disordered eating. Emotional reactivity did not emerge as a significant mediator. Conclusions: These findings suggest that maternal attachment relationships may be associated with difficulty regulating emotions in adulthood, which may in turn impact disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny L Vaydich
- Department of Psychology, Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Thomas P Carpenter
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenai K Schwark
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Larissa Molina
- Department of Psychology, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Rivero A, Killoren SE, Kline G, Campione-Barr N. Negative messages from parents and sisters and Latina college students' body image shame. Body Image 2022; 42:98-109. [PMID: 35688055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using the sociocultural model and risk and resilience theory, we examined the moderating role of Latinas' family relationship quality on the associations between negative eating and weight messages from fathers, mothers, and sisters, and Latinas' body image shame. Utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk, we recruited a sample of 195 Latina young adults (Mage = 23.24, range = 18 -25; SD = 1.95; 67.4 % Mexican-origin) who reported retrospectively on negative appearance-related messages from each family member (i.e., fathers, mothers, and sisters), positive (e.g., parental warmth and sibling intimacy) and negative (i.e., parental psychological control and sibling negativity) relationship quality with parents and sisters, and current body image shame. Hierarchical linear regression analyses revealed that negative eating and weight messages from fathers, mothers, and sisters and sibling negativity were positively and significantly associated with Latinas' body image shame. Further, we found that under conditions of high paternal psychological control but not low, the associations between fathers' messages and Latinas' body image shame were strengthened. For mothers, under conditions of low maternal psychological control but not high, the associations between mothers' messages and Latinas' body image shame were strengthened. Our findings reveal that family members' negative comments are harmful for Latinas' body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avelina Rivero
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, United States.
| | - Sarah E Killoren
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Missouri, United States.
| | - Gabrielle Kline
- Department of Counseling and Learning Services, West Virginia University, United States.
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3
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Gagné AS, Blackburn MÈ, Auclair J, Jean M, Brault MC, Dion J. Appearance Esteem Trajectory According to Three Different Sources of Support Among Adolescents Over a School Year. J Youth Adolesc 2020; 49:2190-2202. [PMID: 33011914 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-020-01324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although social support has been linked to body satisfaction, there has been little research on the effect of differential sources of support on the trajectory of appearance esteem over time. To address this gap, this study explored changes in adolescents' appearance esteem to perceived social support over one year. Data were collected from 339 Canadian adolescents (54.57% females) in Grade 7 (Mage = 12.05) and Grade 10 (Mage = 15.14). Multilevel growth modeling revealed that perceived social support from fathers was not associated with appearance esteem, whereas mothers' support had the strongest effect on appearance esteem, consistently over time. Friends' support was also related to an increase in the appearance esteem trajectory, but only for older students. Overall, this prospective study provides a better understanding of the unique contribution of three different sources of social support during adolescence for preventing negative appearance esteem, beyond the effects of other related variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Gagné
- VISAJ, Chaire UQAC-Cégep de Jonquière, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Blackburn
- VISAJ, Chaire UQAC-Cégep de Jonquière, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada.,ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Pavillon Manicouagan, 3791, rue de la Fabrique, Saguenay, Jonquière, QC, G7X 7W2, Canada
| | - Julie Auclair
- ÉCOBES-Recherche et transfert, Cégep de Jonquière, Pavillon Manicouagan, 3791, rue de la Fabrique, Saguenay, Jonquière, QC, G7X 7W2, Canada
| | - Mireille Jean
- VISAJ, Chaire UQAC-Cégep de Jonquière, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Brault
- VISAJ, Chaire UQAC-Cégep de Jonquière, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- VISAJ, Chaire UQAC-Cégep de Jonquière, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada. .,Centre de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Problèmes Conjugaux et les Agressions Sexuelles (CRIPCAS) [Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse], Montréal, QC, Canada.
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4
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Leonidas C, Santos MAD. SYMBIOTIC ILLUSION AND FEMALE IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION IN EATING DISORDERS: A PSYCHOANALYTICAL PSYCHOSOMATICS’ PERSPECTIVE. ÁGORA: ESTUDOS EM TEORIA PSICANALÍTICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-44142020001010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: This study aims primarily to reflect on the role of symbiotic illusion in the construction of female identity in women with eating disorders (ED), using premises from psychoanalytic psychosomatics. Considering ED as psychopathologies related to the affective economy, Oedipal relations play crucial role in the process of identity constitution. Mother-daughter relationships in ED are shaped in the molds of symbiotic illusion, with weak father figures. We presented a case study to briefly illustrate the theoretical framework. The omissive posture of a father to interdict the symbiotic relation leads daughters to find themselves unable to libidinally invest in other objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Leonidas
- Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Brazil; Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
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5
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Nandrino JL, Dodin V, Cottencin O, Doba K. Effect of intrapersonal emotional competences on the relationship between attachment insecurity and severity of eating disorder symptoms in patients with restrictive anorexia. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:476-492. [PMID: 31715022 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attachment insecurity and emotional competences (EC) form a key part of conceptual models of anorexia nervosa (AN). We explored the relationship between attachment dimensions and EC on the severity of eating disorders in patients diagnosed with restrictive AN. METHOD Sixty-three female patients with restrictive AN and 63 healthy participants completed self-report measures (eating symptoms, EC, attachment, depression, and anxiety). RESULT Patients with restrictive AN used fewer adaptive and more maladaptive regulation strategies and showed low levels of intrapersonal EC. The partial least squares path modeling analysis showed that high levels of attachment anxiety or avoidance lead to a decrease in intrapersonal EC, which in turn contributes to greater severity of eating symptoms in anorexic patients. CONCLUSIONS Lower intrapersonal EC played an important mediating role in the effects of attachment insecurity on the severity of eating disorders. The joint use of therapeutic programs that target both EC and attachment processes constitutes a promising approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Louis Nandrino
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Sciences SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique médico-psychologique, Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Dodin
- GHICL Service de psychiatrie, Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, Lille, France
| | - Olivier Cottencin
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Sciences SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Service d'Addictologie, Hôpital Fontan 2, CHRU de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Karyn Doba
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Sciences SCALab UMR CNRS 9193, Université de Lille, Lille, France.,Clinique médico-psychologique, Fondation Santé des Etudiants de France, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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6
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Cortés-García L, Hoffmann S, Warschburger P, Senra C. Exploring the reciprocal relationships between adolescents' perceptions of parental and peer attachment and disordered eating: A multiwave cross-lagged panel analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2019; 52:924-934. [PMID: 31025721 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study explored bidirectional associations between attachment quality towards mother, father, and peers and disordered eating among a large population-based sample of boys and girls in the transition from preadolescence to adolescence. Specifically, we examined whether insecure attachment relationships emerged as a risk factor for or as an outcome of disordered eating. METHOD A population-based sample of 904 adolescent girls and boys was assessed four times, at baseline (T1; Mage = 10.8 years) and at 2-, 4-, and 6-year follow-up (T2, T3, and T4). Prospective data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel models for each attachment figure (i.e., mother, father, peers) in a multigroup design to compare genders. RESULTS Better attachment to the mother led to less pronounced disturbed eating in girls across the entire age range and in boys across two time periods. In girls, more pronounced disordered eating at T3 predicted worse attachment to the mother at T4 and better attachment to the father at T1 predicted less disturbed eating at T2. In boys, disordered eating at T1 predicted better attachment to the father at T2. Concerning peer attachment, better attachment at T1 predicted disordered eating at T2, in boys only. No other significant cross-lagged effects emerged. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the differential and gender-specific contribution of attachment figures to the development of disordered eating in adolescence. Programs aimed at improving communication and trust in the relationship with parents might be promising in the prevention of disordered eating and the subsequent deterioration of parent-child attachment relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortés-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Svenja Hoffmann
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Petra Warschburger
- Department of Psychology, Counseling Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Carmen Senra
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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7
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Cortés-García L, Takkouche B, Seoane G, Senra C. Mediators linking insecure attachment to eating symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213099. [PMID: 30845244 PMCID: PMC6405186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last two decades, the number of studies focused on the mediators connecting insecure attachment with Eating Disorders (EDs), at both clinical and sub-clinical level, has considerably increased. However, there has not been a systematic synthesis of this literature to date. To fill this gap, the current meta-analytic review aimed at identifying and quantifying the extent to which mediators contribute to the explanation of this relationship. The present study was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017076807). A comprehensive search process in seven different electronic databases retrieved 24 studies that examined how insecure attachment leads to ED symptoms through mediation analysis. Standardized regression coefficients of the indirect and total paths of 21 mediation models were pooled. Studies were coded and ranked for quality. We found evidence to show that maladaptive emotion regulation and depressive symptoms had the highest effect size for mediation (mediation ratio [PM] = 0.71). Further, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, perfectionism, mindfulness and social comparison had significant, but moderate to low mediating effects (PM = 0.21–0.58). The methodological quality of these studies was mostly low to moderate and potential areas for development were highlighted. Our findings support the direct targeting of these psychological constructs in prevention programs and treatment of EDs. Future investigations addressing the time sequence between the variables will provide valuable clues to untangle the prospective contribution of each variable on the development and maintenance of eating pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortés-García
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Bahi Takkouche
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBER-ESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Seoane
- Department of Social Psychology, Basic and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carmen Senra
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
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8
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Santos MAD, Costa-Dalpino LRDS. Relação Pai-Filha e Transtornos Alimentares: Revisando a Produção Científica. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/0102.3772e35nspe3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo Investigou-se a produção científica dedicada ao estudo da relação entre pai e filha com transtornos alimentares. Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa nas bases PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed e LILACS, no período de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2014. Foram selecionados 27 artigos, a maioria proveniente de países europeus e constituída de estudos quantitativos. A vinculação pouco segura com a figura paterna e o relacionamento emocionalmente distante entre pai e filha foram aspectos recorrentes nas publicações selecionadas. Os estudos apontaram a importância de se investigar e assegurar a participação do pai no tratamento. Porém, nenhum dos artigos revisados investigou o envolvimento paterno no contexto da assistência. Destaca-se a necessidade de investir em estudos qualitativos e no contexto brasileiro.
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9
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is characterised by a failure to maintain a normal body weight due to a paucity of nutrition, an intense fear of gaining weight or behaviour that prevents the individual from gaining weight, or both. The long-term prognosis is often poor, with severe developmental, medical and psychosocial complications, high rates of relapse and mortality. 'Family therapy approaches' indicate a range of approaches, derived from different theories, that involve the family in treatment. We have included therapies developed on the basis of dominant family systems theories, approaches that are based on or broadly similar to the family-based therapy derived from the Maudsley model, approaches that incorporate a focus on cognitive restructuring, as well as approaches that involve the family without articulation of a theoretical approach.This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2010. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy of family therapy approaches compared with standard treatment and other treatments for AN. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Controlled Trials Register (CCMDCTR) and PsycINFO (OVID) (all years to April 2016). We ran additional searches directly on Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and PsycINFO (to 2008 and 2016 to 2018). We searched the World Health Organization (WHO) trials portal (ICTRP) and ClinicalTrials.gov, together with four theses databases (all years to 2018). We checked the reference lists of all included studies and relevant systematic reviews. We have included in the analyses only studies from searches conducted to April 2016. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of family therapy approaches compared to any other intervention or other types of family therapy approaches were eligible for inclusion. We included participants of any age or gender with a primary clinical diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Four review authors selected the studies, assessed quality and extracted data. We used a random-effects meta-analysis. We used the risk ratio (with a 95% confidence interval) to summarise dichotomous outcomes and both the standardised mean difference and the mean difference to summarise continuous measures. MAIN RESULTS We included 25 trials in this version of the review (13 from the original 2010 review and 12 newly-included studies). Sixteen trials were of adolescents, eight trials of adults (seven of these in young adults aged up to 26 years) and one trial included three age groups: one adolescent, one young adult and one adult. Most investigated family-based therapy or variants. Reporting of trial conduct was generally inadequate, so that in a large number of studies we rated the risk of bias as unclear for many of the domains. Selective reporting bias was particularly problematic, with 68% of studies rated at high risk of bias in this area, followed by incomplete outcome data, with 44% of studies rated at high risk of bias in this area. For the main outcome measure of remission there was some low-quality evidence (from only two studies, 81 participants) suggesting that family therapy approaches might offer some advantage over treatment as usual on rates of remission, post intervention (risk ratio (RR) 3.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.49 to 8.23; I2 = 0%). However, at follow-up, low-quality evidence from only one study suggested this effect was not maintained. There was very low-quality evidence from only one trial, which means it is difficult to determine whether family therapy approaches offer any advantage over educational interventions for remission (RR 9.00, 95% CI 0.53 to 153.79; 1 study, N = 30). Similarly, there was very low-quality evidence from only five trials for remission post-intervention, again meaning that it is difficult to determine whether there is any advantage of family therapy approaches over psychological interventions (RR 1.22, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.67; participants = 252; studies = 5; I2 = 37%) and at long-term follow-up (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.28; participants = 200; studies = 4 with 1 of these contributing 3 pairwise comparisons for different age groups; I2 = 0%). There was no indication that the age group had any impact on the overall treatment effect; however, it should be noted that there were very few trials undertaken in adults, with the age range of adult studies included in this analysis from 20 to 27. There was some evidence of a small effect favouring family based therapy compared with other psychological interventions in terms of weight gain post-intervention (standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.32, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.63; participants = 210; studies = 4 with 1 of these contributing 3 pairwise comparisons for different age groups; I2 = 11%) . Overall, there was insufficient evidence to determine whether there were any differences between groups across all comparisons for most of the secondary outcomes (weight, eating disorder psychopathology, dropouts, relapse, or family functioning measures), either at post-intervention or at follow-up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is a limited amount of low-quality evidence to suggest that family therapy approaches may be effective compared to treatment as usual in the short term. This finding is based on two trials that included only a small number of participants, and both had issues about potential bias. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether there is an advantage of family therapy approaches in people of any age compared to educational interventions (one study, very low quality) or psychological therapies (five studies, very low quality). Most studies contributing to this finding were undertaken in adolescents and youth. There are clear potential impacts on how family therapy approaches might be delivered to different age groups and further work is required to understand what the resulting effects on treatment efficacy might be. There is insufficient evidence to determine whether one type of family therapy approach is more effective than another. The field would benefit from further large, well-conducted trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Fisher
- Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne HealthAllied Health ‐ PsychologyParkvilleAustralia3050
| | - Sonja Skocic
- HealthscopeThe Melbourne ClinicRichmondAustralia
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10
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Attachment and eating: A meta-analytic review of the relevance of attachment for unhealthy and healthy eating behaviors in the general population. Appetite 2018; 123:410-438. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abstract
Eating disorders are traditionally thought of as a problem specific to women, but evidence suggests the disorders also occur in men. Identifying the problem and referring patients for treatment can be difficult. Understanding the nuances of these disorders and realizing the incidence in men is important, as it is often overlooked as a differential diagnosis.
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12
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Blewitt C, Bergmeier H, Macdonald JA, Olsson CA, Skouteris H. Associations between parent-child relationship quality and obesogenic risk in adolescence: a systematic review of recent literature. Obes Rev 2016; 17:612-22. [PMID: 27125464 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of significant cognitive, social and physiological change, presenting unique risk factors for weight gain. Childhood obesity research has traditionally focused on the influence of parent-level factors on children's eating and weight status. Increasingly, emphasis is turning towards the reciprocal nature of the parent-child relationship and its influence on health behaviour. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the relationship between parent-child relationship quality (defined as the felt emotional bond between parent and child) and obesogenic risk (weight status, eating attitudes and behaviours, level of physical activity and sedentary behaviour) in adolescence; 26 papers were included in the review. The results neither support nor challenge an association between parent-child relationship quality and weight, with study design flaws and limited measurement of the parent-child relationship precluding robust conclusions. The review does however suggests that several aspects of the parent-child relationship are important in understanding eating attitudes and behaviours, including the felt emotional bond between the parent and child, the child's perception of how much the parent cares for them and the mother's sensitivity towards the child. The need for further longitudinal research into the association between parent-child relationship quality and obesity risk across this developmental period is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Blewitt
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi Bergmeier
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqui A Macdonald
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Craig A Olsson
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Deakin University, Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Faber A, Dubé L. Parental attachment insecurity predicts child and adult high-caloric food consumption. J Health Psychol 2016; 20:511-24. [PMID: 25903239 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315573437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating habits are established early and are difficult to change once formed. This study investigated the role of caregiver-child attachment quality and its associations with high-caloric food consumption in a sample of middle socio-economic status children and adults, respectively. Survey data were collected from an online questionnaire administered separately to 213 (143 girls) children and 216 parents (adult sample; 180 women). Two studies showed that an insecure parental attachment, whether actual (Study 1; children) or recalled (Study 2; adults), significantly and positively predicted high-caloric food consumption in both samples. The present findings highlight the importance of parental attachment and its association with unhealthy eating patterns in children and adults.
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14
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Jewell T, Collyer H, Gardner T, Tchanturia K, Simic M, Fonagy P, Eisler I. Attachment and mentalization and their association with child and adolescent eating pathology: A systematic review. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:354-73. [PMID: 26691270 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insecure attachment and mentalizing difficulties have been associated with eating pathology in adulthood. However, it is unclear whether eating pathology is associated with attachment or mentalization in children. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature in this emerging field. METHOD Electronic databases were used to search for articles. RESULTS Twenty-two studies were identified. In the 15 studies investigating attachment, an association with eating pathology was found in all studies. Mentalizing difficulties and eating pathology were found to be correlated in the seven studies which examined their association. DISCUSSION In keeping with the adult literature, cross-sectional studies of children and adolescents consistently report associations with eating pathology. There is some evidence from prospective studies that insecure attachment may be a risk factor for the development of eating pathology in adolescence. The literature on mentalization and eating pathology suggests that adolescents with anorexia nervosa may have difficulties in recognizing emotions. Further research using clinical samples and well-validated measures of attachment and mentalization are required to shed further light on this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Jewell
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Collyer
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa Gardner
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Tchanturia
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mima Simic
- Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Eisler
- Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders Service, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
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15
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Gander M, Sevecke K, Buchheim A. Eating disorders in adolescence: attachment issues from a developmental perspective. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1136. [PMID: 26321974 PMCID: PMC4530258 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present article we review findings from an emerging body of research on attachment issues in adolescents with eating disorders from a developmental perspective. Articles for inclusion in this review were identified from PsychINFO (1966-2013), Sciencedirect (1970-2013), Psychindex (1980-2013), and Pubmed (1980-2013). First, we will outline the crucial developmental changes in the attachment system and discuss how they might be related to the early onset of the disease. Then we will report on the major results from attachment studies using self-report and narrative instruments in that age group. Studies with a developmental approach on attachment will be analyzed in more detail. The high incidence of the unresolved attachment pattern in eating disorder samples is striking, especially for patients with anorexia nervosa. Interestingly, this predominance of the unresolved category was also found in their mothers. To date, these transgenerational aspects are still poorly understood and therefore represent an exciting research frontier. Future studies that include larger adolescent samples and provide a more detailed description including symptom severity and comorbidity would contribute to a better understanding of this complex and painful condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Gander
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kathrin Sevecke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna Buchheim
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck, Austria
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Peek-Asa C, Cavanaugh JE, Yang J, Chande V, Young T, Ramirez M. Steering teens safe: a randomized trial of a parent-based intervention to improve safe teen driving. BMC Public Health 2014; 14:777. [PMID: 25082132 PMCID: PMC4125695 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crashes are the leading cause of death for teens, and parent-based interventions are a promising approach. We assess the effectiveness of Steering Teens Safe, a parent-focused program to increase safe teen driving. METHODS Steering Teens Safe aimed to improve parental communication with teens about safe driving using motivational interviewing techniques in conjunction with 19 safe driving lessons. A randomized controlled trial involved 145 parent-teen dyads (70 intervention and 75 control). Intervention parents received a 45-minute session to learn the program with four follow-up phone sessions, a DVD, and a workbook. Control parents received a standard brochure about safe driving. Scores were developed to measure teen-reported quantity and quality of parental communication about safe driving. The main outcome measure was a previously validated Risky Driving Score reported by teens. Because the Score was highly skewed, a generalized linear model based on a gamma distribution was used for analysis. RESULTS Intervention teens ranked their parent's success in talking about driving safety higher than control teens (p = 0.035) and reported that their parents talked about more topics (non-significant difference). The Risky Driving Score was 21% lower in intervention compared to control teens (85% CI = 0.60, 1.00). Interaction between communication quantity and the intervention was examined. Intervention teens who reported more successful communication had a 42% lower Risky Driving Score (95% CI = 0.37, 0.94) than control parents with less successful communication. CONCLUSIONS This program had a positive although not strong effect, and it may hold the most promise in partnership with other programs, such as Driver's Education or Graduated Driver's License policies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01014923. Registered Nov. 16, 2009.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Peek-Asa
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, 105 River St, S143B CPHB, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Joseph E Cavanaugh
- />Department of Biostatistics, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Jingzhen Yang
- />Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA
| | | | - Tracy Young
- />University of Iowa Injury Prevention Research Center, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Marizen Ramirez
- />Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, IA USA
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