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Cole VJ, Harasti D, Dahle SK, Russell K. Determining the best practice for Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, reef restoration and enhanced ecological benefits. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:114. [PMID: 39179970 PMCID: PMC11344442 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02296-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shellfish reef restoration is relatively new in Australia, particularly to intertidal estuarine environments. In late 2019/early 2020 the first large-scale shellfish reef restoration project of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata was undertaken in the Myall and Karuah Rivers, Port Stephens, on the mid north coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. The present study aimed to determine whether locally sourced clean conspecific oyster shells, and/or locally quarried rocks were better for natural recruitment of natural S. glomerata for large-scale oyster reef restoration, and subsequent recruitment of fishes and invertebrates. Over two years, recruitment of S. glomerata spat, and associated fishes and invertebrates were assessed on reefs made of: (1) rock, and (2) rock and shell. RESULTS The mean (± SE) density of oyster spat on rock reefs (Myall River: 1790 ± 48, Karuah River: 1928 ± 68) was significantly greater (Myall River: ANOVA Si: MS 2, 18 = 31080167, F = 96.05, P < 0.001, Karuah River: ANOVA Si x Ti: MS 18, 270 = 2965449, F = 5.99, P < 0.001) than on rock and shell reefs (Myall River: 840 ± 40, Karuah River: 1505 ± 75). Rock reefs had significantly greater densities (Myall River: ANOVA Si x Ti: MS 18, 270 = 15657, F = 2.71, P < 0.001, Karuah River: ANOVA Si x Ti: MS 18, 270 = 20322, F = 5.25, P < 0.001) of the most abundant invertebrate, Bembicium auratum (Myall River: 85 ± 9, Karuah River: 100 ± 8) than reefs of rock and shell (Myall River: 59 ± 8, Karuah River: 44 ± 5), but there was no significant difference in the diversity and relative abundance of the most abundant species of fish, Acanthopagrus australis. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that using locally sourced rock is better for S. glomerata recruitment than shells. Although shell might have benefits that were not investigated in the present study, such as elicit greater social licence for oyster reef restoration projects, but as shown here, it may not be beneficial from an ecological perspective. With the global expansion of the range of different native species of reef oysters for restoration, the appropriate material used for reef bases needs to be chosen for a specific species and purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Cole
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia.
| | - David Harasti
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
| | - S Kirk Dahle
- The Nature Conservancy, 100 Harris Street, Pyrmont, NSW, 2009, Australia
| | - Kylie Russell
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
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O’Hare JA, Momigliano P, Raftos DA, Stow AJ. Genetic structure and effective population size of Sydney rock oysters in eastern Australia. CONSERV GENET 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-021-01343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kwan KY, Wong WT, Lam PY, Chan HK, Lo HS, Cheung SG. Effects of rubble zones from oyster cultivation on habitat utilization and foraging behaviour of the endangered tri-spine horseshoe crab: An implication for intertidal oyster cultivation practices. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 271:110925. [PMID: 32778262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Estuarine structured habitats, including benthic cultivation structure, are widely cited as substantial nursery and feeding grounds for fish and macroinvertebrates. Activities such as locomotion and foraging behaviour of sediment-dwelling species, however, may be hindered in the presence of the obstacles. In this study, collected field evidence demonstrated that habitat utilization of the juvenile tri-spine horseshoe crab Tachypleus tridentatus, an iconic and endangered macroinvertebrate, was adversely affected by high-density intertidal oyster rubble zones. Despite the fact that the utilization area of individual juvenile horseshoe crabs was independent of the presence of these obstacles, the abundance and number of positional fixes of tagged juveniles in these areas were lower. The effects of these obstacles and their associated topographic changes on the movement of the juvenile horseshoe crabs was investigated in a simulated laboratory experiment. Both the simulated oyster cultches and hummocks formed between the cultches reduced the total distance and displacement of the feeding trail, and less juveniles preferred to forage on elevated, dry hummocks (dry at low tide) formed between the cultches. Our findings suggested that oyster cultches and rubbles reduced the habitat quality for juvenile horseshoe crabs. On-bottom oyster cultivation activities seeking to conserve horseshoe cabs by avoiding nursery habitats should instead consider off-bottom or offshore cultivation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Yue Kwan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, 535011, China
| | - Wang Tang Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Po Yan Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Kin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hoi Shing Lo
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Siu Gin Cheung
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Gribben PE, Bishop MJ, O’Connor WA, Bradley DJ, Hughes AR. Intraspecific diversity in prey body size influences survivorship by conferring resistance to predation. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Gribben
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation School of Earth, Environmental and Biological Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales 2052 Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science 19 Chowder Bay Road Mosman New South Wales 2088 Australia
| | - Melanie J. Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie University Sydney New South Wales 2109 Australia
| | - Wayne A. O’Connor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries Nelson Bay New South Wales 2315 Australia
| | - Daniel J. Bradley
- School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - A. Randall Hughes
- Northeastern University Marine Science Centre 430 Nahant Raod Nahant Massachusetts 01908 USA
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Wilkie EM, Bishop MJ, O'Connor WA. The density and spatial arrangement of the invasive oyster Crassostrea gigas determines its impact on settlement of native oyster larvae. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:4851-60. [PMID: 24455120 PMCID: PMC3892352 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how the density and spatial arrangement of invaders is critical to developing management strategies of pest species. The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has been translocated around the world for aquaculture and in many instances has established wild populations. Relative to other species of bivalve, it displays rapid suspension feeding, which may cause mortality of pelagic invertebrate larvae. We compared the effect on settlement of Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata, larvae of manipulating the spatial arrangement and density of native S. glomerata, and non-native C. gigas. We hypothesized that while manipulations of dead oysters would reveal the same positive relationship between attachment surface area and S. glomerata settlement between the two species, manipulations of live oysters would reveal differing density-dependent effects between the native and non-native oyster. In the field, whether oysters were live or dead, more larvae settled on C. gigas than S. glomerata when substrate was arranged in monospecific clumps. When, however, the two species were interspersed, there were no differences in larval settlement between them. By contrast, in aquaria simulating a higher effective oyster density, more larvae settled on live S. glomerata than C. gigas. When C. gigas was prevented from suspension feeding, settlement of larvae on C. gigas was enhanced. By contrast, settlement was similar between the two species when dead. While the presently low densities of the invasive oyster C. gigas may enhance S. glomerata larval settlement in east Australian estuaries, future increases in densities could produce negative impacts on native oyster settlement. Synthesis and applications: Our study has shown that both the spatial arrangement and density of invaders can influence their impact. Hence, management strategies aimed at preventing invasive populations reaching damaging sizes should not only consider the threshold density at which impacts exceed some acceptable limit, but also how patch formation modifies this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Wilkie
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Melanie J Bishop
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University North Ryde, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute Taylors Beach, NSW, 2316, Australia
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Dang C, Cribb TH, Cutmore SC, Chan J, Hénault O, Barnes AC. Parasites of QX-resistant and wild-type Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) in Moreton Bay, SE Queensland, Australia: Diversity and host response. J Invertebr Pathol 2013; 112:273-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2012] [Revised: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fernandez-Piquer J, Bowman JP, Ross T, Tamplin ML. Predictive models for the effect of storage temperature on Vibrio parahaemolyticus viability and counts of total viable bacteria in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas). Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:8687-95. [PMID: 22003032 PMCID: PMC3233097 DOI: 10.1128/aem.05568-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an indigenous bacterium of marine environments. It accumulates in oysters and may reach levels that cause human illness when postharvest temperatures are not properly controlled and oysters are consumed raw or undercooked. Predictive models were produced by injecting Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) with a cocktail of V. parahaemolyticus strains, measuring viability rates at storage temperatures from 3.6 to 30.4°C, and fitting the data to a model to obtain parameter estimates. The models were evaluated with Pacific and Sydney Rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata) containing natural populations of V. parahaemolyticus. V. parahaemolyticus viability was measured by direct plating samples on thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar for injected oysters and by most probable number (MPN)-PCR for oysters containing natural populations. In parallel, total viable bacterial counts (TVC) were measured by direct plating on marine agar. Growth/inactivation rates for V. parahaemolyticus were -0.006, -0.004, -0.005, -0.003, 0.030, 0.075, 0.095, and 0.282 log₁₀ CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.6, 12.6, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. The growth rates for TVC were 0.015, 0.023, 0.016, 0.048, 0.055, 0.071, 0.133, and 0.135 log₁₀ CFU/h at 3.6, 6.2, 9.3, 14.9, 18.4, 20.0, 25.7, and 30.4°C, respectively. Square root and Arrhenius-type secondary models were generated for V. parahaemolyticus growth and inactivation kinetic data, respectively. A square root model was produced for TVC growth. Evaluation studies showed that predictive growth for V. parahaemolyticus and TVC were "fail safe." The models can assist oyster companies and regulators in implementing management strategies to minimize V. parahaemolyticus risk and enhancing product quality in supply chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Fernandez-Piquer
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - John P. Bowman
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tom Ross
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Mark L. Tamplin
- Australian Seafood Cooperative Research Centre, Box 26, Mark Oliphant Building, Science Park Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, and Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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Simonian M, Nair SV, Nell JA, Raftos DA. Proteomic clues to the identification of QX disease-resistance biomarkers in selectively bred Sydney rock oysters, Saccostrea glomerata. J Proteomics 2009; 73:209-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2008] [Revised: 06/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Krassoi FR, Brown KR, Bishop MJ, Kelaher BP, Summerhayes S. Condition-specific competition allows coexistence of competitively superior exotic oysters with native oysters. J Anim Ecol 2008; 77:5-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01316.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Robinson WA, Maher WA, Krikowa F, Nell JA, Hand R. The use of the oyster Saccostrea glomerata as a biomonitor of trace metal contamination: intra-sample, local scale and temporal variability and its implications for biomonitoring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 7:208-23. [PMID: 15735780 DOI: 10.1039/b415295f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb and Se concentrations were measured in the bivalve mollusc Saccostrea glomerata(Iredale and Roughly) from two uncontaminated locations, Clyde River Estuary, Batemans Bay and Moona Moona Creek, Jervis Bay, to determine natural variability of metals associated with mass, gender, age, tissue type and site within location. Trace metals were also measured in the Clyde River Estuary over an 11 year period and in five other NSW estuaries (Hastings River, Hunter River, Georges River, Tillgerry Creek and Lake Pambula) over a 13-month period to determine temporal variability and if diploid and triploid oysters accumulate trace metals differently. There were few significant relationships between trace metal concentrations and mass and no significant differences in trace metal concentrations between female and male oysters. Younger oysters (1.3 years) had significantly higher copper concentrations and higher trace metal variability than mature oysters (3 years). Different tissues have different trace metal concentrations with muscle tissues having lower concentrations. Considerable inherent variability occurs in oyster cohorts. Analysing specific tissues did not reduce variability of trace metal concentrations. Comparison of trace metal concentrations at two sites within the Clyde Estuary showed a significant difference in zinc concentrations. Cu, Cd, Zn and Se concentrations were generally higher and less variable in triploids than diploids. Pb had a variable pattern of accumulation with no consistent elevation in diploids or triploids. Inter annual variability of trace metal concentrations was considerable and trace metal concentrations also fluctuated throughout an annual cycle with no clear seasonal trends. Measurement of trace metals at known contaminated locations showed that Saccostrea glomerata accumulates metals in response to contamination. Saccostrea glomerata meet most of the requirements to be a biomonitor of trace metal contamination as they are abundant, sessile/sedentary, easy to identify, provide sufficient tissue for analysis, and accumulate trace metals in response to contamination. However, as trace metal concentrations can vary with mass, age, estuary position, ploidy type and temporally, care must be taken to collect individual organisms of similar mass, age and ploidy type to minimise variability, and from similar consistent positions and times to allow for seasonal changes in environmental conditions. Trace metal concentration variability is higher in young animals, thus to reduce variability, older mature animals could be selected. However, with immature oysters there are no complications because of the effects of spawning i.e. sudden loss of trace metals or body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne A Robinson
- Ecochemistry Laboratory University of Canberra, University Drive 2601 ACT, Australia
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