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Martínez de Toda I, González-Sánchez M, Díaz-Del Cerro E, Valera G, Carracedo J, Guerra-Pérez N. Sex differences in markers of oxidation and inflammation. Implications for ageing. Mech Ageing Dev 2023; 211:111797. [PMID: 36868323 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is a key factor to consider in the ageing process given the impact that it has on life expectancy. The oxidative-inflammatory theory of ageing states that the ageing process is the result of the establishment of oxidative stress which, due to the interplay of the immune system, translates into inflammatory stress, and that both processes are responsible for the damage and loss of function of an organism. We show that there are relevant gender differences in a number of oxidative and inflammatory markers and propose that they may account for the differential lifespan between sexes, given that males display, in general, higher oxidation and basal inflammation. In addition, we explain the significant role of circulating cell-free DNA as a marker of oxidative damage and an inductor of inflammation, connecting both processes and having the potential to become a useful ageing marker. Finally, we discuss how oxidative and inflammatory changes take place differentially with ageing in each sex, which could also have an impact on the sex-differential lifespan. Further research including sex as an essential variable is needed to understand the grounds of sex differences in ageing and to better comprehend ageing itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Martínez de Toda
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mónica González-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Estefanía Díaz-Del Cerro
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gemma Valera
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julia Carracedo
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Natalia Guerra-Pérez
- Department of Genetics, Physiology, and Microbiology. Unit of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), 28041 Madrid, Spain.
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Gurunathan S, Kim JH. Graphene Oxide Enhances Biogenesis and Release of Exosomes in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:5697-5731. [PMID: 36466784 PMCID: PMC9717435 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s385113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exosomes, which are nanovesicles secreted by almost all the cells, mediate intercellular communication and are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. We aimed to investigate the effects of graphene oxide (GO) on the biogenesis and release of exosomes in human ovarian cancer (SKOV3) cells. METHODS Exosomes were isolated using ultracentrifugation and ExoQuick and characterized by various analytical techniques. The expression levels of exosome markers were analyzed via quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Graphene oxide (10-50 μg/mL), cisplatin (2-10 μg/mL), and C6-ceramide (5-25 μM) inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, and cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. We observed that graphene oxide (GO), cisplatin (CIS), and C6-Ceramide (C6-Cer) stimulated acetylcholine esterase and neutral sphingomyelinase activity, total exosome protein concentration, and exosome counts associated with increased level of apoptosis, oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In contrast, GW4869 treatment inhibits biogenesis and release of exosomes. We observed that the human ovarian cancer cells secreted exosomes with typical cup-shaped morphology and surface protein biomarkers. The expression levels of TSG101, CD9, CD63, and CD81 were significantly higher in GO-treated cells than in control cells. Further, cytokine and chemokine levels were significantly higher in exosomes isolated from GO-treated SKOV3 cells than in those isolated from control cells. SKOV3 cells pre-treated with N-acetylcysteine or GW4869 displayed a significant reduction in GO-induced exosome biogenesis and release. Furthermore, endocytic inhibitors decrease exosome biogenesis and release by impairing endocytic pathways. CONCLUSION This study identifies GO as a potential tool for targeting the exosome pathway and stimulating exosome biogenesis and release. We believe that the knowledge acquired in this study can be potentially extended to other exosome-dominated pathologies and model systems. Furthermore, these nanoparticles can provide a promising means to enhance exosome production in SKOV3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangiliyandi Gurunathan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
| | - Jin Hoi Kim
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Korea
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Obesity-related genomic instability and altered xenobiotic metabolism: possible consequences for cancer risk and chemotherapy. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e28. [PMID: 35899852 PMCID: PMC9884759 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The increase in the prevalence of obesity has led to an elevated risk for several associated diseases including cancer. Several studies have investigated the DNA damage in human blood samples and showed a clear trend towards increased DNA damage in obesity. Reduced genomic stability is thus one of the consequences of obesity, which may contribute to the related cancer risk. Whether this is influenced by compromised DNA repair has not been elucidated sufficiently yet. On the other hand, obesity has also been linked to reduced therapy survival and increased adverse effects during chemotherapy, although the available data are controversial. Despite some indications that obesity might alter hepatic metabolism, current literature in humans is insufficient, and results from animal studies are inconclusive. Here we have summarised published data on hepatic drug metabolism to understand the impact of obesity on cancer therapy better. Furthermore, we highlight knowledge gaps in the interrelationship between obesity and drug metabolism from a toxicological perspective.
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Dakup PP, Greer AJ, Gaddameedhi S. Let's talk about sex: a biological variable in immune response against melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:268-279. [PMID: 35076986 PMCID: PMC9305920 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As science culture gravitates toward a more holistic inclusion of both males and females in research design, the outlining of sex differences and their respective intersections with disease physiology and pathophysiology should see reciprocal expansion. Melanoma skin cancer, for example, has observed a female advantage in incidence, mortality, and overall survival since the early 1970s. The exact biological mechanism of this trend, however, is unclear and further complicated by a layering of clinical variables such as skin phototype, age, and body mass index. In this perspective, we highlight epidemiological evidence of sex differences in melanoma and summarize the landscape of their potential origin. Among several biological hallmarks, we make a note of sex‐specific immune profiles—along with divergent hormonal regulation, social practices, DNA damage and oxidative stress responses, body composition, genetic variants, and X‐chromosome expression—as probable drivers of disparity in melanoma initiation and progression. This review further focuses the conversation of sex as an influencing factor in melanoma development and its potential implication for disease management and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panshak P Dakup
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606.,Present affiliation: Integrative Omics Group, Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland
| | - Adam J Greer
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606
| | - Shobhan Gaddameedhi
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606.,Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, 27606
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Draxler A, Franzke B, Cortolezis JT, Gillies NA, Unterberger S, Aschauer R, Zöhrer PA, Bragagna L, Kodnar J, Strasser EM, Neubauer O, Sharma P, Mitchell SM, Zeng N, Ramzan F, D’Souza RF, Knowles SO, Roy NC, Sjödin AM, Mitchell CJ, Milan AM, Wessner B, Cameron-Smith D, Wagner KH. The Effect of Elevated Protein Intake on DNA Damage in Older People: Comparative Secondary Analysis of Two Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2021; 13:3479. [PMID: 34684481 PMCID: PMC8537980 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A high protein intake at old age is important for muscle protein synthesis, however, this could also trigger protein oxidation with the potential risk for DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased protein intake at recommended level or well above would affect DNA damage or change levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidised glutathione (GSSG) in community-dwelling elderly subjects. These analyses were performed in two randomized intervention studies, in Austria and in New Zealand. In both randomized control trials, the mean protein intake was increased with whole foods, in the New Zealand study (n = 29 males, 74.2 ± 3.6 years) to 1.7 g/kg body weight/d (10 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)) in the Austrian study (n = 119 males and females, 72.9 ± 4.8 years) to 1.54 g/kg body weight/d (6 weeks intervention; p < 0.001)). In both studies, single and double strand breaks and as formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase-sensitive sites were investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or whole blood. Further, resistance to H2O2 induced DNA damage, GSH, GSSG and CRP were measured. Increased dietary protein intake did not impact on DNA damage markers and GSH/GSSG levels. A seasonal-based time effect (p < 0.05), which led to a decrease in DNA damage and GSH was observed in the Austrian study. Therefore, increasing the protein intake to more than 20% of the total energy intake in community-dwelling seniors in Austria and New Zealand did not increase measures of DNA damage, change glutathione status or elevate plasma CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Draxler
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Bernhard Franzke
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
| | - Johannes T. Cortolezis
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Nicola A. Gillies
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sandra Unterberger
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Aschauer
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick A. Zöhrer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
| | - Laura Bragagna
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Julia Kodnar
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
| | - Eva-Maria Strasser
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, 1100 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Oliver Neubauer
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
- Center for Health Sciences and Medicine, Danube University Krems, 3500 Krems, Austria
| | - Pankaja Sharma
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Sarah M. Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nina Zeng
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Farha Ramzan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Randall F. D’Souza
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Discipline of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Scott O. Knowles
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Nicole C. Roy
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
- Department of Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand
| | - Anders M. Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Cameron J. Mitchell
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Amber M. Milan
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Smart Foods Innovation Centre of Excellence, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand;
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
- Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand; (N.A.G.); (P.S.); (S.M.M.); (N.Z.); (F.R.); (R.F.D.); (N.C.R.); (C.J.M.); (A.M.M.); (D.C.-S.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.D.); (B.F.); (J.T.C.); (P.A.Z.); (L.B.); (J.K.)
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.U.); (R.A.); (O.N.); (B.W.)
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Al-Aubaidy HA, Dayan A, Deseo MA, Itsiopoulos C, Jamil D, Hadi NR, Thomas CJ. Twelve-Week Mediterranean Diet Intervention Increases Citrus Bioflavonoid Levels and Reduces Inflammation in People with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:1133. [PMID: 33808180 PMCID: PMC8065815 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The benefits of a Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) in the management of diabetes have been reported, but the contribution of polyphenol-rich citrus fruit has not been studied widely. Here, we report the sub-study findings of a previously conducted MedDiet intervention clinical trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), where we aimed to measure the diet intervention effects on plasma citrus bioflavonoids levels and biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. We analysed plasma samples from 19 (of original 27) participants with T2DM who were randomly assigned to consume the MedDiet intervention or their usual diet for 12 weeks and then crossed over to the alternate diet. Compared with baseline, MedDiet significantly increased levels of the citrus bioflavonoids naringin, hesperitin and hesperidin (by 60%, 58% and 39%, respectively, p < 0.05) and reduced plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 (by 49%, p = 0.016). Oxidative stress marker 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) decreased by 32.4% (p = 0.128). Usual diet did not induce these beneficial changes. The reduced inflammatory profile of T2DM participants may, in part, be attributed to the anti-inflammatory actions of citrus bioflavonoids. Together with indications of improved oxidative stress, these findings add to the scientific evidence base for beneficial consumption of citrus fruit in the MedDiet pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A. Al-Aubaidy
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia; (A.D.); (D.J.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Aanchal Dayan
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia; (A.D.); (D.J.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Myrna A. Deseo
- ARC Research Hub for Medicinal Agriculture, La Trobe Institute for Agriculture and Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Catherine Itsiopoulos
- School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia;
| | - Dina Jamil
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia; (A.D.); (D.J.); (C.J.T.)
| | - Najah R. Hadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Al-Najaf 0054, Iraq;
| | - Colleen J. Thomas
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne 3086, Australia; (A.D.); (D.J.); (C.J.T.)
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Sopian NA, Jalaludin J, Abu Bakar S, Hamedon TR, Latif MT. Exposure to Particulate PAHs on Potential Genotoxicity and Cancer Risk among School Children Living Near the Petrochemical Industry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052575. [PMID: 33806616 PMCID: PMC7967639 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the association of exposure to particle-bound (PM2.5) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with potential genotoxicity and cancer risk among children living near the petrochemical industry and comparative populations in Malaysia. PM2.5 samples were collected using a low-volume sampler for 24 h at three primary schools located within 5 km of the industrial area and three comparative schools more than 20 km away from any industrial activity. A gas chromatography-mass spectrometer was used to determine the analysis of 16 United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) priority PAHs. A total of 205 children were randomly selected to assess the DNA damage in buccal cells, employing the comet assay. Total PAHs measured in exposed and comparative schools varied, respectively, from 61.60 to 64.64 ng m-3 and from 5.93 to 35.06 ng m-3. The PAH emission in exposed schools was contributed mainly by traffic and industrial emissions, dependent on the source apportionment. The 95th percentiles of the incremental lifetime cancer risk estimated using Monte Carlo simulation revealed that the inhalation risk for the exposed children and comparative populations was 2.22 × 10-6 and 2.95 × 10-7, respectively. The degree of DNA injury was substantially more severe among the exposed children relative to the comparative community. This study reveals that higher exposure to PAHs increases the risk of genotoxic effects and cancer among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Ashikin Sopian
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Juliana Jalaludin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-97692401
| | - Suhaili Abu Bakar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Titi Rahmawati Hamedon
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
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Kašuba V, Milić M, Želježić D, Mladinić M, Pizent A, Kljaković-Gašpić Z, Balija M, Jukić I. Biomonitoring findings for occupational lead exposure in battery and ceramic tile workers using biochemical markers, alkaline comet assay, and micronucleus test coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridisation. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2020; 71:339-352. [PMID: 33410779 PMCID: PMC7968510 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2020-71-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Manufacture of lead-containing products has long been associated with various health risks. To get an insight into the related genotoxic risks, we conducted a biomonitoring study in 50 exposed workers and 48 matched controls using a battery of endpoints that sensitively detect the extent of genome instability in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The levels of primary DNA damage were estimated with the alkaline comet assay, while cytogenetic abnormalities were determined with the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome assay. Additionally, CBMN slides of 20 exposed and 16 control participants were subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), coupled with pancentromeric probes to establish the incidence of centromere-positive micronuclei, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges. Blood lead levels (B-Pb) were measured with atomic absorption spectrometry. To further characterise cumulative effects of occupational exposure, we measured erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EP) concentrations and delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood. We also assessed the influence of serum folate (S-folate) and vitamin B12 (S-B12) on genome stability. Compared to controls, occupationally exposed workers demonstrated significantly higher B-Pb (298.36±162.07 vs 41.58±23.02), MN frequency (18.71±11.06 vs 8.98±7.50), centromere positive MN (C+ MN) (8.15±1.8 vs 3.69±0.47), and centromere negative MN (C- MN) (14.55±1.80 vs 4.56±0.89). Exposed women had significantly higher comet tail intensity (TI) and length (TL) than control women. Furthermore, workers showed a positive correlation between age and nuclear buds and MN, between MN and years of exposure, and between S-B12 levels and TI and ALAD activity, while a negative correlation was found between TI and B-Pb. These findings suggest that occupational settings in the manufacture of lead-containing products pose significant genotoxic risks, which calls for developing more effective work safety programmes, including periodical monitoring of B-Pb and genetic endpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Mutagenesis Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zorana Kljaković-Gašpić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Melita Balija
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Irena Jukić
- Croatian Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
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9
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The impact of comet assay data normalization in human biomonitoring studies outcomes. Toxicol Lett 2020; 332:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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10
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Application of the comet assay in human biomonitoring: An hCOMET perspective. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2019; 783:108288. [PMID: 32192646 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2019.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The comet assay is a well-accepted biomonitoring tool to examine the effect of dietary, lifestyle, environmental and occupational exposure on levels of DNA damage in human cells. With such a wide range of determinants for DNA damage levels, it becomes challenging to deal with confounding and certain factors are inter-related (e.g. poor nutritional intake may correlate with smoking status). This review describes the effect of intrinsic (i.e. sex, age, tobacco smoking, occupational exposure and obesity) and extrinsic (season, environmental exposures, diet, physical activity and alcohol consumption) factors on the level of DNA damage measured by the standard or enzyme-modified comet assay. Although each factor influences at least one comet assay endpoint, the collective evidence does not indicate single factors have a large impact. Thus, controlling for confounding may be necessary in a biomonitoring study, but none of the factors is strong enough to be regarded a priori as a confounder. Controlling for confounding in the comet assay requires a case-by-case approach. Inter-laboratory variation in levels of DNA damage and to some extent also reproducibility in biomonitoring studies are issues that have haunted the users of the comet assay for years. Procedures to collect specimens, and their storage, are not standardized. Likewise, statistical issues related to both sample-size calculation (before sampling of specimens) and statistical analysis of the results vary between studies. This review gives guidance to statistical analysis of the typically complex exposure, co-variate, and effect relationships in human biomonitoring studies.
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Møller P. Effect of age and sex on the level of DNA strand breaks and oxidatively damaged DNA in human blood cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 838:16-21. [PMID: 30678823 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage measured by the comet assay is a well-established biomarker in studies on environmental and occupational exposures, dietary factors and clinical outcomes. Age and sex are typically regarded as confounding factors that are controlled by either selective inclusion criteria of subjects or adjustment in the statistical analysis. This review assesses the influence of age and sex on levels of DNA damage in leukocytes in study populations of healthy subjects. Analysis of unadjusted results in the studies indicates that the level of DNA strand breaks increases by 1% per year (95% CI: 0.9%-1.1%, linear regression analysis weighted for the number of subjects in the individual studies). The studies also show a slightly higher level of DNA strand breaks in men than women (8%, 95% CI: 0.4%-17%) in unadjusted analyses, which is not robust in studies with adjusted analyses. The attenuation of effect in adjusted analyses of DNA strand breaks in leukocytes indicates that the effect of age and sex may be driven by differences in lifestyle factors or other exposures. There do not appear to be differences related to age and sex on basal levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in leukocytes. In summary, the results indicate influences of both age and sex on DNA damage in the comet assay, which may be mediated by lifestyle factors or external exposures rather than direct effects of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5A, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Kiokias S, Proestos C, Oreopoulou V. Effect of Natural Food Antioxidants against LDL and DNA Oxidative Changes. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7100133. [PMID: 30282925 PMCID: PMC6211048 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7100133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical oxygen species formed in human tissue cells by many endogenous and exogenous pathways cause extensive oxidative damage which has been linked to various human diseases. This review paper provides an overview of lipid peroxidation and focuses on the free radicals-initiated processes of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidative modification and DNA oxidative damage, which are widely associated with the initiation and development of atherosclerosis and carcinogenesis, respectively. The article subsequently provides an overview of the recent human trials or even in vitro investigations on the potential of natural antioxidant compounds (such as carotenoids; vitamins C and E) to monitor LDL and DNA oxidative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charalampos Proestos
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15784 Athens, Greece.
| | - Vassilki Oreopoulou
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iron Politechniou 9, 15780 Athens, Greece.
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Usman M, Volpi EV. DNA damage in obesity: Initiator, promoter and predictor of cancer. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2018; 778:23-37. [PMID: 30454680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence linking obesity with increased risk of cancer is steadily growing, although the causative aspects underpinning this association are only partially understood. Obesity leads to a physiological imbalance in the regulation of adipose tissue and its normal functioning, resulting in hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and inflammation. These states promote the generation of oxidative stress, which is exacerbated in obesity by a decline in anti-oxidant defence systems. Oxidative stress can have a marked impact on DNA, producing mutagenic lesions that could prove carcinogenic. Here we review the current evidence for genomic instability, sustained DNA damage and accelerated genome ageing in obesity. We explore the notion of genotoxicity, ensuing from systemic oxidative stress, as a key oncogenic factor in obesity. Finally, we advocate for early, pre-malignant assessment of genome integrity and stability to inform surveillance strategies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonisah Usman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Emanuela V Volpi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London W1W 6UW, UK.
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åsgård R, Rytter E, Basu S, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Möller L, Vessby B. High intake of fruit and vegetables is related to low oxidative stress and inflammation in a group of patients with type 2 diabetes. SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOOD & NUTRITION 2016. [PMCID: PMC2606994 DOI: 10.1080/17482970701737285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard åsgård
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Elisabet Rytter
- Clinical Nutrition and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Samar Basu
- Clinical Nutrition and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | | | - Lennart Möller
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Bengt Vessby
- Clinical Nutrition and MetabolismUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Al-Serori H, Setayesh T, Knasmueller S. Use of Single-cell Gel Electrophoresis Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/9781782622895-00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) technique has been frequently used to investigate the impact of consumption of complex foods and individual constituents on DNA stability in humans. Since no division or cultivation of the indicator cells (in most studies lymphocytes) is required, this approach is less costly and time consuming than cytogenetic methods. Apart from single- and double-stand breaks and apurinic sites, which can be detected under standard conditions, it is also possible to assess the formation of oxidized DNA bases and alterations of DNA repair as well as protection of the DNA against chemical carcinogens. In total, 93 studies have been published since the first use of the Comet assay in this field in 1997. The results which emerged from these studies show that human foods contain specific highly protective components (e.g. gallic acid, xanthohumol, isoflavones); promising results were also obtained with beverages (coffee and other drinks), while mixed diets with vegetables and fruits conferred no or moderate protection; however, individual plant foods (e.g. kiwis and specific cruciferous vegetables) were highly protective. It is notable that prevention of DNA damage was rarely detected under standard conditions while evidence for reduced formation of oxidized DNA bases was found in approximately 30% of the trials. In some investigations it was possible to identify the modes of action by which specific compounds prevented damage of the genetic material in additional mechanistic experiments. The currently available data show that SCGE assays are a valuable tool for identifying dietary factors which improve the stability of the genetic material and prevent adverse health effects which are causally related to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Halh Al-Serori
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tahereh Setayesh
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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MACULAR PIGMENT OPTICAL DENSITY IS LOWER IN TYPE 2 DIABETES, COMPARED WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES AND NORMAL CONTROLS. Retina 2016; 35:1808-16. [PMID: 25932554 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was designed to investigate the optical density of macular pigment in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes subjects relative to normal controls. METHODS One hundred and fifty subjects were recruited to the study and divided into one of the three study groups on the basis of their health status, as follows: Group 1: Healthy controls; Group 2: Type 1 diabetes; Group 3: Type 2 diabetes. Macular Pigment Optical Density, at 0.5° of retinal eccentricity, was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Dietary intake of macular carotenoids was quantified using a lutein and zeaxanthin food frequency questionnaire. Diabetes type, duration, medication, smoking habits, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C), and serum lipid levels were recorded, whereas visual acuity, body mass index, and diabetic retinopathy grade were measured for each participant. RESULTS One-way analysis of variance revealed a statistically significant difference in body mass index, age, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and HbA1C between the three groups (P < 0.01 for all). Chi-square analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in diabetic retinopathy distribution (P < 0.01). None of these variables exhibited a statistically significant correlation with macular pigment optical density for any study group (P > 0.05 for all). There was no difference in dietary carotenoid intake between groups. Macular pigment optical density was lower among Type 2 diabetes subjects (0.33 ± 0.21) compared with Type 1 diabetes (0.49 ± 0.23) and controls (0.48 ± 0.35). General linear model analysis, including age, body mass index, diabetes duration, diabetic retinopathy status, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and HbA1C as covariates, revealed a statistically significant effect of diabetes type on macular pigment optical density (F = 2.62; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Macular pigment optical density was statistically significantly lower in Type 2 diabetes compared with Type 1 diabetes and normal controls. Although body mass index was higher in the Type 2 diabetes group, the lower macular pigment optical density levels observed among Type 2 diabetes seem not to be attributable to differences in dietary carotenoid intake or to the specific presence of diabetes, diabetic control, duration, or diabetic retinopathy.
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Mamur S, Unal F, Altok K, Deger SM, Yuzbasioglu D. DNA damage in hemodialysis patients with chronic kidney disease; a test of the role of diabetes mellitus; a comet assay investigation. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2016; 800-801:22-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Løhr M, Jensen A, Eriksen L, Grønbæk M, Loft S, Møller P. Age and metabolic risk factors associated with oxidatively damaged DNA in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Oncotarget 2015; 6:2641-53. [PMID: 25650665 PMCID: PMC4413607 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with oxidative stress-generated damage to DNA and this could be related to metabolic disturbances. This study investigated the association between levels of oxidatively damaged DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and metabolic risk factors in 1,019 subjects, aged 18-93 years. DNA damage was analyzed as strand breaks by the comet assay and levels of formamidopyrimidine (FPG-) and human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1)-sensitive sites There was an association between age and levels of FPG-sensitive sites for women, but not for men. The same tendency was observed for the level of hOGG1-sensitive sites, whereas there was no association with the level of strand breaks. The effect of age on oxidatively damaged DNA in women disappeared in multivariate models, which showed robust positive associations between DNA damage and plasma levels of triglycerides, cholesterol and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c). In the group of men, there were significant positive associations between alcohol intake, HbA1c and FPG-sensitive sites in multivariate analysis. The levels of metabolic risk factors were positively associated with age, yet only few subjects fulfilled all metabolic syndrome criteria. In summary, positive associations between age and levels of oxidatively damaged DNA appeared mediated by age-related increases in metabolic risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mille Løhr
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Annie Jensen
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Eriksen
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Morten Grønbæk
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Møller
- Department of Public Health, Section of Environmental Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Öngöz Dede F, Bozkurt Doğan Ş, Ballı U, Avcı B, Durmuşlar MC. The effect of initial periodontal treatment on plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and salivary levels of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine in obesity. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 62:80-5. [PMID: 26655951 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown adverse effects on the periodontium from the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels in the bodily fluids of patients with and without periodontal disease and to evaluate changes after initial periodontal treatment. DESIGN Forty-five obese individuals and 45 normal-weight individuals were included in this study. Obese and normal-weight groups were classified into three sub-groups: chronic periodontitis (CP), gingivitis (G) and periodontally healthy controls (CTRL). Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), plasma, saliva samples and clinical measurements were obtained at baseline and a month after initial periodontal treatment. Levels of 8-OHdG were analysed by ELISA. RESULTS While plasma 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher at baseline in the obese patients with periodontal disease than in the normal-weight individuals (P<0.05), no significant differences in GCF and saliva 8-OHdG levels were found (P ˃ 0.05). GCF and salivary 8-OHdG levels in obese patients with G and CP were significantly higher than in CTRL groups at baseline (P<0.05). After treatment, 8-OHdG levels were decreased in all groups with periodontal disease (P<0.01). Statistically significant positive correlations were observed between GCF 8-OHdG levels and GI in all the groups (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The significant increase of plasma 8-OHdG levels in obese patients did not correlate with saliva and GCF 8-OHdG levels when compared to normal-weight individuals. Periodontal treatment had a positive effect on the periodontal parameters and 8-OHdG levels of both obese and normal-weight individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figen Öngöz Dede
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
| | - Şeyma Bozkurt Doğan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Umut Ballı
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bahattin Avcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Ondokuzmayis University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Muştafa Cenk Durmuşlar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Franzke B, Halper B, Hofmann M, Oesen S, Jandrasits W, Baierl A, Tosevska A, Strasser EM, Wessner B, Wagner KH. The impact of six months strength training, nutritional supplementation or cognitive training on DNA damage in institutionalised elderly. Mutagenesis 2015; 30:147-53. [PMID: 25527737 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging and its aligned loss of muscle mass are associated with higher levels of DNA damage and deteriorated antioxidant defence. To improve the body's overall resistance against DNA damage, maintaining a healthy and active lifestyle is desirable, especially in the elderly. As people age, many have to change their residence from home living to an institution, which is often accompanied by malnutrition, depression and inactivity. The current study aimed at investigating the effect of a 6-month progressive resistance training (RT), with or without protein and vitamin supplementation (RTS), or cognitive training (CT), on DNA strand breaks in 105 Austrian institutionalised women and men (65-98 years). DNA damage was detected by performing the single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Physical fitness was assessed using the chair rise, the 6-min-walking and the handgrip strength test. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) were analysed. Basal DNA damage (lysis) increased significantly after 3 months of intervention in the RT group (T1 - T2 + 20%, P = 0.001) and the RTS group (T1 - T2 + 17%, P = 0.002) and showed a similar tendency in the CT group (T1 - T2 + 21%, P = 0.059). %DNA in tail decreased in cells exposed to H2O2 significantly in the RT (T1 - T2 - 24%, P = 0.030; T1 - T3 - 18%, P = 0.019) and CT (T1 - T2 - 21%, P = 0.004; T1 - T3 - 13%, P = 0.038) groups. Only RT and RTS groups showed significant differences overtime in enzyme activity (RT + 22% CAT-activity T1 - T3, P = 0.013; RTS + 6% SOD-activity T2 - T3, P = 0.005). Contrary to the time effects, no difference between groups was detected for any parameter at any time point. Our results suggest that both CT and RT improve resistance against H2O2 induced DNA damage and that a nutritional supplement has no further protective effect in institutionalised elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Franzke
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Halper
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlene Hofmann
- Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Oesen
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud Jandrasits
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Institute for Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, Grillparzerstraße 7, 1010 Vienna, Austria and
| | - Anela Tosevska
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Strasser
- Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilization and Functional Health/Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaiser Franz Joseph Spital, SMZ-Süd, Kundratstraße 3, 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Wessner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Sport and Exercise Physiology, Centre for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Auf der Schmelz 6, 1150 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Wagner
- Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria,
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Soltys DT, Pereira CPM, Ishibe GN, de Souza-Pinto NC. Effects of post mortem interval and gender in DNA base excision repair activities in rat brains. Mutat Res 2015; 776:48-53. [PMID: 26255940 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Most human tissues used in research are of post mortem origin. This is the case for all brain samples, and due to the difficulty in obtaining a good number of samples, especially in the case of neurodegenerative diseases, male and female samples are often included in the same experimental group. However, the effects of post mortem interval (PMI) and gender differences in the endpoints being analyzed are not always fully understood, as is the case for DNA repair activities. To investigate these effects, in a controlled genetic background, base excision repair (BER) activities were measured in protein extracts obtained from Wistar rat brains from different genders and defined PMI up to 24 hours, using a novel fluorescent-based in vitro incision assay. Uracil and AP-site incision activity in nuclear and mitochondrial extracts were similar in all groups included in this study. Our results show that gender and PMI up to 24 hours have no influence in the activities of the BER proteins UDG and APE1 in rat brains. These findings demonstrate that these variables do not interfere on the BER activities included in these study, and provide a security window to work with UDG and APE1 proteins in samples of post mortem origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Tathiana Soltys
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Naomi Ishibe
- Departmento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
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Pierine DT, Navarro MEL, Minatel IO, Luvizotto RAM, Nascimento AF, Ferreira ALA, Yeum KJ, Corrêa CR. Lycopene supplementation reduces TNF-α via RAGE in the kidney of obese rats. Nutr Diabetes 2014; 4:e142. [PMID: 25383746 PMCID: PMC4259904 DOI: 10.1038/nutd.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The kidney is a target organ for injuries caused by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in obesity. The receptor of AGEs (RAGE) is proinflammatory and appears to have a role in the pathogenesis of renal disease due to obesity. Objective: The aim was to verify the effect of obesity on renal damage and the effect of lycopene on these complications Design and Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to receive a control diet (C, n=7) or a high-fat diet plus sucrose (HD+S, n=14) for 6 weeks. After this period, the HD+S animals were randomized into two groups: HD+S (n=7) and HD+S supplemented with lycopene (HD+S+L, n=7). The animals received maize oil (C and HD+S) or lycopene (HD+S+L) for a 6-week period. Results: The HD+S and HD+S+L animals demonstrated insulin resistance (OGTT glucose after 150 min; C: 117.6±3.9<HD+S: 138.1±5.1=HD+S+L: 137.8±5.2 mg dl−1; P=0.01); however, no changes were seen in fasting glucose, plasma lipids, blood pressure or renal function. Renal concentrations of RAGE and TNF-α increased in the HD+S group and lycopene supplementation restored these to control group values (RAGE: C: 3.1±0.3=DH+S+L: 3.1±0.3<DH+S: 3.6±0.4 μg g−1; P=0.014; TNF-α: C: 227.8±2.7=DH+S+L: 227.4±2.2<DH+S: 238.7±3.0 pg/ml; P=0.014). Conclusions: Lycopene may be beneficial in the prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation in the kidney due to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Pierine
- 1] Pathology Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil [2] Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M E L Navarro
- Pathology Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - I O Minatel
- 1] Pathology Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil [2] Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A M Luvizotto
- 1] Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA [2] Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A F Nascimento
- 1] Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA [2] Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - A L A Ferreira
- Internal Medicine Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - K-J Yeum
- 1] Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA [2] Food and Nutrition Major, Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Glocal Campus, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C R Corrêa
- Pathology Department, Botucatu Medical School-São Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Corbi SCT, Bastos AS, Orrico SRP, Secolin R, Dos Santos RA, Takahashi CS, Scarel-Caminaga RM. Elevated micronucleus frequency in patients with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and periodontitis. Mutagenesis 2014; 29:433-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Iwanaga S, Sakano N, Taketa K, Takahashi N, Wang DH, Takahashi H, Kubo M, Miyatake N, Ogino K. Comparison of serum ferritin and oxidative stress biomarkers between Japanese workers with and without metabolic syndrome. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e201-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Wallner M, Antl N, Rittmannsberger B, Schreidl S, Najafi K, Müllner E, Mölzer C, Ferk F, Knasmüller S, Marculescu R, Doberer D, Poulsen HE, Vitek L, Bulmer AC, Wagner KH. Anti-Genotoxic Potential of Bilirubin In Vivo: Damage to DNA in Hyperbilirubinemic Human and Animal Models. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2013; 6:1056-63. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Garm C, Moreno-Villanueva M, Bürkle A, Petersen I, Bohr VA, Christensen K, Stevnsner T. Age and gender effects on DNA strand break repair in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Aging Cell 2013; 12:58-66. [PMID: 23088435 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Exogenous and endogenous damage to DNA is constantly challenging the stability of our genome. This DNA damage increase the frequency of errors in DNA replication, thus causing point mutations or chromosomal rearrangements and has been implicated in aging, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, efficient DNA repair is vital for the maintenance of genome stability. The general notion has been that DNA repair capacity decreases with age although there are conflicting results. Here, we focused on potential age-associated changes in DNA damage response and the capacities of repairing DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Of these lesions, DSBs are the least frequent but the most dangerous for cells. We have measured the level of endogenous SSBs, SSB repair capacity, γ-H2AX response, and DSB repair capacity in a study population consisting of 216 individuals from a population-based sample of twins aged 40-77 years. Age in this range did not seem to have any effect on the SSB parameters. However, γ-H2AX response and DSB repair capacity decreased with increasing age, although the associations did not reach statistical significance after adjustment for batch effect across multiple experiments. No gender differences were observed for any of the parameters analyzed. Our findings suggest that in PBMCs, the repair of SSBs is maintained until old age, whereas the response to and the repair of DSBs decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Moreno-Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz; Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz; Germany
| | - Inge Petersen
- Epidemiology Unit; The Danish Aging Research Center; Institute of Public Health; University of Southern Denmark; Odense; Denmark
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology; National Institute on Aging; National Institutes of Health; Baltimore; MD; USA
| | | | - Tinna Stevnsner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Danish Center of Molecular Gerontology and Danish Aging Research Center; University of Aarhus; Aarhus; Denmark
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Mendoza-Núñez VM, Beristain-Pérez A, Pérez-Vera SP, Altamirano-Lozano MA. Age-related sex differences in glutathione peroxidase and oxidative DNA damage in a healthy Mexican population. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 19:919-26. [PMID: 20438303 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2009.1684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE It has been proposed that women have an estrogen activity-linked biological antioxidant advantage and that this advantage is lost in the postmenopausal stage. The latter remains controversial. Our aim was to determine age-related sex differences in oxidative stress and oxidative DNA damage in a healthy Mexican population. METHODS A cross-sectional and comparative study was carried out in a convenience sample of 162 healthy subjects aged as follows: (1) 25-44 years (n = 35 women and 38 men), (2) 45-64 years (n = 41 women and 27 men), and (3) >or=65 years (n = 13 women and 8 men). We measured plasma lipoperoxides (LPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and DNA damage by comet assay. RESULTS We found greater activity of GPx in women than in men according to age increase (p < 0.05). This activity is maintained in old age in women. In contrast, men exhibited a significant diminution in GPx according to age increase. Similarly, we observed a greater percentage of cells without oxidative DNA damage in women in the 45-64-years age group and in the group of women aged >or=65 years. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that women have a more efficient antioxidant activity than men, which has been linked with the greater longevity observed in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Manuel Mendoza-Núñez
- Unidad de Investigación en Gerontología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México DF, México
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Slyskova J, Naccarati A, Polakova V, Pardini B, Vodickova L, Stetina R, Schmuczerova J, Smerhovsky Z, Lipska L, Vodicka P. DNA damage and nucleotide excision repair capacity in healthy individuals. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2011; 52:511-517. [PMID: 21520291 DOI: 10.1002/em.20650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Interindividual differences in DNA repair capacity (DRC) represent an important source of variability in genome integrity and thus influence health risk. In the last decade, DRC measurement has attracted attention as a potential biomarker in cancer prediction. Aim of the present exploratory study was to characterize the variability in DNA damage and DRC on 100 healthy individuals and to identify biological, lifestyle, or genetic factors modulating these parameters. The ultimate goal was to obtain reference data from cancer-free population, which may constitute background for further investigations on cancer patients. The endogenous DNA damage was measured as a level of DNA single-strand breaks and DRC, specific for nucleotide excision repair (NER), was evaluated using modified comet assay, following the challenge of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with benzo[a]pyrene diolepoxide. Additionally, genetic polymorphisms in NER genes (XPA, XPC, XPD, and XPG) were assessed. We have observed a substantial interindividual variability for both examined parameters. DNA damage was significantly affected by gender and alcohol consumption (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012, respectively), whereas DRC was associated with family history of cancer (P = 0.012). The stratification according to common variants in NER genes showed that DNA damage was significantly modulated by the presence of the variant T allele of XPC Ala499Val polymorphism (P = 0.01), while DRC was modulated by the presence of the A allele of XPA G23A polymorphism (P = 0.048). Our results indicate the range of endogenous DNA single-strand breaks and capacity of NER in healthy volunteers as well as the role of potentially relevant confounders. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Science of the Czech Republic, Prague
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Rytter E, Vessby B, Åsgård R, Ersson C, Moussavian S, Sjödin A, Abramsson-Zetterberg L, Möller L, Basu S. Supplementation with a combination of antioxidants does not affect glycaemic control, oxidative stress or inflammation in type 2 diabetes subjects. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:1445-53. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2010.515219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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30
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Song Z, von Figura G, Liu Y, Kraus JM, Torrice C, Dillon P, Rudolph-Watabe M, Ju Z, Kestler HA, Sanoff H, Lenhard Rudolph K. Lifestyle impacts on the aging-associated expression of biomarkers of DNA damage and telomere dysfunction in human blood. Aging Cell 2010; 9:607-15. [PMID: 20560902 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2010.00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular aging is characterized by telomere shortening, which can lead to uncapping of chromosome ends (telomere dysfunction) and activation of DNA damage responses. There is some evidence that DNA damage accumulates during human aging and that lifestyle factors contribute to the accumulation of DNA damage. Recent studies have identified a set of serum markers that are induced by telomere dysfunction and DNA damage, and these markers showed an increased expression in blood during human aging. Here, we investigated the influence of lifestyle factors (such as exercise, smoking, body mass) on the aging-associated expression of serum markers of DNA damage (CRAMP, EF-1alpha, stathmin, n-acetyl-glucosaminidase and chitinase) in comparison with other described markers of cellular aging (p16(INK4a) upregulation and telomere shortening) in human peripheral blood. The study shows that lifestyle factors have an age-independent impact on the expression level of biomarkers of DNA damage. Smoking and increased body mass indices were associated with elevated levels of biomarkers of DNA damage independent of the age of the individuals. In contrast, exercise was associated with an age-independent reduction in the expression of biomarkers of DNA damage in human blood. The expression of biomarkers of DNA damage correlated positively with p16(INK4a) expression and negatively with telomere length in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes. Together, these data provide experimental evidence that both aging and lifestyle impact on the accumulation of DNA damage during human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangfa Song
- Max-Planck Research Group on Stem Cell Aging, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although not all findings are consistent, growing evidence suggests that individuals high in dispositional hostility are at elevated risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality; however, the mechanisms of these associations remain unclear. One possibility is that hostility is associated with oxidative stress. Here, we explore relationships between hostility and a measure of systemic oxidative stress among a mid-life sample. METHODS In a community sample of 223 adults aged 30 to 54 years (86% white, 50% female), oxidative stress was measured as the 24-hour urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). An abbreviated Cook Medley Hostility Scale was used to measure dimensions of hostility. RESULTS Regression analyses controlling for demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors showed a positive relationship of 8-OHdG with total hostility (beta = 0.003, p = .03) and hostile affect (beta = 0.018, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide evidence that dispositional hostility, and in particular, hostile affect, covary positively with systemic oxidative stress, raising the possibility that oxidative stress contributes to the pathogenicity of hostile attributes.
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Rytter E, Johansson C, Vessby B, Sjödin A, Möller L, Äkesson B, Basu S. Biomarkers of oxidative stress in overweight men are not influenced by a combination of antioxidants. Free Radic Res 2010; 44:522-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10715761003647101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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33
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Moller P, Moller L, Godschalk RWL, Jones GDD. Assessment and reduction of comet assay variation in relation to DNA damage: studies from the European Comet Assay Validation Group. Mutagenesis 2010; 25:109-11. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gep067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Nersesyan A, Hoelzl C, Ferk F, Mišík M, Knasmueller S. Comet Assays in Dietary Intervention Trials. THE COMET ASSAY IN TOXICOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847559746-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Armen Nersesyan
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Christine Hoelzl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmueller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna Borschkegasse 8a 1090 Vienna Austria
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Sakano N, Takahashi N, Wang DH, Sauriasari R, Takemoto K, Kanbara S, Sato Y, Takigawa T, Takaki J, Ogino K. Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine, urinary 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG among healthy Japanese people. Free Radic Res 2009; 43:183-92. [DOI: 10.1080/10715760802663124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sakano
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Da-Hong Wang
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Rani Sauriasari
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kei Takemoto
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | | | - Yoshie Sato
- Okayama University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takigawa
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Jiro Takaki
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keiki Ogino
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
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36
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Sakano N, Wang DH, Takahashi N, Wang B, Sauriasari R, Kanbara S, Sato Y, Takigawa T, Takaki J, Ogino K. Oxidative stress biomarkers and lifestyles in Japanese healthy people. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2009; 44:185-95. [PMID: 19308273 PMCID: PMC2654475 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.08-252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The urinary concentrations of 8-isoprostane and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which are biomarkers of oxidative stress, were measured in 677 Japanese people without any diseases, and their correlations with lifestyle facotrs, lifestyle-related blood biochemical parameters, and dietary intake of antioxidative vitamins were investigated. The mean urinary concentration of 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG was 0.58 ng/mg creatinine and 8.43 ng/mg creatinine, respectively. Mean urinary 8-isoprostane was significantly different in terms of age, gender, smoking and alcohol consumption but not different in terms of body mass index (BMI) and exercise. By multiple regression analysis, urinary 8-isoprostane was significantly influenced by smoking and age. On the other hand, mean urinary 8-OHdG showed differences only by age group. Multiple regression analysis revealed that urinary 8-OHdG was significantly influenced by age, smoking, body weight, levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol in females, although it was significantly influenced by body weight in males. The present study shows that urinary 8-isoprostane is associated with lipid peroxidation related-lifestyles such as smoking, and urinary 8-OHdG is associated with arteriosclerosis related-factors such as Hs-CRP. Our findings suggest that 8-isoprostane and 8-OHdG appear to be prospective biomarkers for early prediction of lifestyle related-disease risk at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sakano
- Department of Public Health, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Use of conventional and -omics based methods for health claims of dietary antioxidants: a critical overview. Br J Nutr 2009; 99 E Suppl 1:ES3-52. [PMID: 18503734 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114508965752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the principles and limitations of methods used to investigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) protective properties of dietary constituents and is aimed at providing a better understanding of the requirements for science based health claims of antioxidant (AO) effects of foods. A number of currently used biochemical measurements aimed of determining the total antioxidant capacity and oxidised lipids and proteins are carried out under unphysiological conditions and are prone to artefact formation. Probably the most reliable approaches are measurements of isoprostanes as a parameter of lipid peroxidation and determination of oxidative DNA damage. Also the design of the experimental models has a strong impact on the reliability of AO studies: the common strategy is the identification of AO by in vitro screening with cell lines. This approach is based on the assumption that protection towards ROS is due to scavenging, but recent findings indicate that activation of transcription factors which regulate genes involved in antioxidant defence plays a key role in the mode of action of AO. These processes are not adequately represented in cell lines. Another shortcoming of in vitro experiments is that AO are metabolised in vivo and that most cell lines are lacking enzymes which catalyse these reactions. Compounds with large molecular configurations (chlorophylls, anthocyans and polyphenolics) are potent AO in vitro, but weak or no effects were observed in animal/human studies with realistic doses as they are poorly absorbed. The development of -omics approaches will improve the scientific basis for health claims. The evaluation of results from microarray and proteomics studies shows that it is not possible to establish a general signature of alterations of transcription and protein patterns by AO. However, it was shown that alterations of gene expression and protein levels caused by experimentally induced oxidative stress and ROS related diseases can be normalised by dietary AO.
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Gallo V, Khan A, Gonzales C, Phillips DH, Schoket B, Györffy E, Anna L, Kovács K, Møller P, Loft S, Kyrtopoulos S, Matullo G, Vineis P. Validation of biomarkers for the study of environmental carcinogens: a review. Biomarkers 2008; 13:505-34. [PMID: 18979642 DOI: 10.1080/13547500802054611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a need for validation of biomarkers. Our aim is to review published work on the validation of selected biomarkers: bulky DNA adducts, N-nitroso compounds, 1-hydroxypyrene, and oxidative damage to DNA. A systematic literature search in PubMed was performed. Information on the variability and reliability of the laboratory tests used for biomarkers measurements was collected. For the evaluation of the evidence on validation we referred to the ACCE criteria. Little is known about intraindividual variation of DNA adduct measurements, but measurements have a good repeatability irrespective of the technique used for their identification; reproducibility improved after the correction for a laboratory factor. A high-sensitivity method is available for the measurement of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. There is consensus on validation of biomarkers of oxidative damage DNA based on the comet assay and chromatographic measurement in blood while urinary measurements by chromatographic assays are well validated, and ELISA-based assays appear to lack specificity. Immunoassays for the quantification of adducts of N-nitroso compounds are useful for large epidemiological studies, given their sensitivity, the small amount of DNA required and their potential for rapid and high-throughput analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gallo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Azqueta A, Shaposhnikov S, Collins AR. DNA oxidation: investigating its key role in environmental mutagenesis with the comet assay. Mutat Res 2008; 674:101-8. [PMID: 19041417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
DNA oxidation, which can have potentially serious mutagenic consequences, commonly accompanies exposure to environmental mutagens. Oxidised bases can be measured chromatographically, but spurious oxidation during sample preparation leads to serious over-estimation of low levels of damage. A more reliable approach is to employ endonucleases specific for oxidised bases, to introduce breaks in cellular DNA that are then most commonly measured using the comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis). The two enzymes in general use are formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase, which detects primarily 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoGua), and endonuclease III which recognises oxidised pyrimidines. We give a brief account of the recommended experimental procedures, and then describe applications in various areas of environmental research. Cultured cell lines or white blood cells have been exposed to a range of environmental mutagens, including natural products, industrial chemicals, radiation and nanoparticles. In vivo exposure of animals and humans to pollutants is more challenging but can give particularly valuable information in relation to real life exposure. Possibly the most useful application is in biomonitoring of human population groups suffering actual exposure to environmental or occupational mutagens. Finally, the potential use of this technique to monitor effects of contaminants in the natural environment has yet to be fully exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, PB 1046 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
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Carter CS, Hofer T, Seo AY, Leeuwenburgh C. Molecular mechanisms of life- and health-span extension: role of calorie restriction and exercise intervention. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 32:954-66. [PMID: 18059622 DOI: 10.1139/h07-085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aging process results in a gradual and progressive structural deterioration of biomolecular and cellular compartments and is associated with many pathological conditions, including cardiovascular disease, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and liver dysfunction. Concomitantly, each of these conditions is associated with progressive functional decline, loss of independence, and ultimately disability. Because disabled individuals require care in outpatient or home care settings, and in light of the social, emotional, and fiscal burden associated with caring for an ever-increasing elderly population, research in geriatric medicine has recently focused on the biological mechanisms that are involved in the progression towards functional decline and disability to better design treatment and intervention strategies. Although not completely understood, the mechanisms underlying the aging process may partly involve inflammatory processes, oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptotic tissue degeneration. These hypotheses are based on epidemiological evidence and data from animal models of aging, as well as interventional studies. Findings from these studies have identified possible strategies to decrease the incidence of age-related diseases and delay the aging process. For example, lifelong exercise is known to extend mean life-span, whereas calorie restriction (CR) increases both mean and maximum life-span in a variety of species. Optimal application of these intervention strategies in the elderly may positively affect health-related outcomes and possibly longevity. Therefore, the scope of this article is to (i) provide an interpretation of various theories of aging from a "health-span" perspective; (ii) describe interventional testing in animals (CR and exercise); and (iii) provide a translational interpretation of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy S Carter
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Division of Biology of Aging, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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41
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Friedrisch JR, Prá D, Maluf SW, Bittar CM, Mergener M, Pollo T, Kayser M, da Silva MAL, Henriques JAP, da Rocha Silla LM. DNA damage in blood leukocytes of individuals with sickle cell disease treated with hydroxyurea. Mutat Res 2007; 649:213-20. [PMID: 17988936 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2007.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2007] [Revised: 09/19/2007] [Accepted: 09/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyurea (HU) plays an important role in the treatment of patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although HU has been associated with an increased risk of leukemia in some patients with myeloproliferative disorders, the mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of HU has not been established. This study investigated levels of DNA damage using the alkaline (pH>13) comet assay to analyze peripheral blood leukocytes sampled from 28 patients with SCD treated with HU (SCHU) and from 28 normal individuals. The damage index (DI) in the SCHU group was significantly higher than in controls (p<0.05). Gender, smoking or age were not associated with DNA damage in controls or SCHU individuals. In the group of SCHU individuals, mean HU dose and DI were positively correlated, and individuals who received a mean dose of >20 mg/kg HU (DI=24.9+/-5.5) showed significantly more DNA damage than those who received < or =20 mg/kg HU (DI=14.6+/-1.8) (p<0.05). Individuals treated for > or =42 months (DI=23.1+/-4.2) showed significantly greater DNA damage than those treated for <42 months (13.6+/-1.9) (p<0.05). DI was inversely correlated with body mass index in the SCHU group.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Ricardo Friedrisch
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, CEP 90035-903, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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42
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Watters JL, Satia JA, Kupper LL, Swenberg JA, Schroeder JC, Switzer BR. Associations of Antioxidant Nutrients and Oxidative DNA Damage in Healthy African-American and White Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007; 16:1428-36. [PMID: 17627008 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High antioxidant intake has been shown to reduce cancer risk and may also mitigate the effects of oxidative DNA damage, which is hypothesized to be causally linked to carcinogenesis. This study examined potential racial differences in (a) dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids and oxidative DNA damage and (b) associations between plasma antioxidants and oxidative DNA damage. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 164 generally healthy nonsmoking African-Americans and Whites in North Carolina, ages 20 to 45 years, equally distributed by race and sex. Participants completed a demographic and health questionnaire, four 24-h dietary recalls, and a dietary supplement inventory; had height and weight measured; and provided a semifasting blood sample. African-Americans had statistically significantly lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, and lutein + zeaxanthin than Whites, as well as lower self-reported intake of most antioxidants. Levels of oxidative DNA damage, measured using the alkaline comet assay, were lower in African-Americans than Whites. An inverse association between lycopene and oxidative DNA damage (r = -0.20; P = 0.03) was found in the combined study population after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, passive smoke exposure, physical activity, education, income, and alcohol intake. There was also a positive association of vitamin E with oxidative DNA damage in the total population (r = 0.21; P = 0.02) and in African-American men (r = 0.63; P = 0.01) after adjusting for covariates. This study is among the first to examine these associations in a sample of healthy adults with an adequate representation of African-Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne L Watters
- Department of Nutrition, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina USA.
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