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Olufunmilayo EO, Gerke-Duncan MB, Holsinger RMD. Oxidative Stress and Antioxidants in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020517. [PMID: 36830075 PMCID: PMC9952099 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a substantial proportion of neurological diseases with significant public health importance. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases is characterized by a complex interplay of various general and disease-specific factors that lead to the end point of neuronal degeneration and loss, and the eventual clinical manifestations. Oxidative stress is the result of an imbalance between pro-oxidant species and antioxidant systems, characterized by an elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, and a reduction in the levels of endogenous antioxidants. Recent studies have increasingly highlighted oxidative stress and associated mitochondrial dysfunction to be important players in the pathophysiologic processes involved in neurodegenerative conditions. In this article, we review the current knowledge of the general effects of oxidative stress on the central nervous system, the different specific routes by which oxidative stress influences the pathophysiologic processes involved in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Huntington's disease, and how oxidative stress may be therapeutically reversed/mitigated in order to stall the pathological progression of these neurodegenerative disorders to bring about clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward O. Olufunmilayo
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Road, Oritamefa, Ibadan 5116, PMB, Nigeria
| | - Michelle B. Gerke-Duncan
- Education Innovation, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Du YT, Long Y, Tang W, Liu XF, Dai F, Zhou B. Prooxidative inhibition against NF-κB-mediated inflammation by pharmacological vitamin C. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 180:85-94. [PMID: 35038551 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), widely found in vegetables and fruits, operates as an electron donor to perform various biological functions including anti-inflammatory activity. However, the mechanisms by which VC inhibits inflammation remain insufficiently understood. Accordingly, we performed a detail mechanistic study on anti-inflammatory activity of VC at millimolar (pharmacological) concentrations in lipopolysaccharides-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. It was found that VC and its two-electron oxidative product, dehydroascorbate (DHA) constructs an efficient redox cycle with the aid of intracellular glutathione and copper ions, thereby facilitating the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ROS-dependent inhibition against the NF-κB-mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; Department of Chemistry, Xinzhou Teachers University, Xinzhou, Shanxi, 034000, China
| | - Ying Long
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Xue-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China; School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Fang Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui Street S., Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, China.
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Jeon SA, Kim DW, Cho JY. Neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4 (NEDD4) regulates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell proliferation and death through inhibition of Hippo signaling. FASEB J 2019; 33:14772-14783. [PMID: 31690112 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901404r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E3 ubiquitin ligases are involved in the regulation of oxidative stress-induced cell death. In this study, we investigated the role of neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated protein 4 (NEDD4) in regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cell proliferation and apoptosis in human bone marrow-derived stem cells (hBMSCs). Cell proliferation was increased in low doses of H2O2 (10-4 to 10-2 μM), whereas sublethal concentrations of H2O2 (>200 μM) induced apoptosis. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay identified that recruitment of NF-κB onto the promoter region of NEDD4 mediated H2O2-induced NEDD4 expression. The increase of NEDD4 expression by H2O2 induced translocation of yes-associated protein (YAP) into the nucleus by decreasing the stability of large tumor suppressor kinase (LATS). Thus, the phosphorylation of serine 127 residue of YAP by LATS upstream kinase is decreased and thereby increased the transcriptional activity of YAP. The mRNA expression levels of catalase and manganese superoxide dismutase, which are well-known targets of YAP, were increased by H2O2 treatment but down-regulated by NEDD4 silencing using a specific small interfering RNA targeting NEDD4 (siNEDD4). H2O2-induced scavenging capacity of reactive oxygen species was also decreased by siNEDD4 in hBMSCs. Finally, hBMSC differentiation into osteoblast was decreased by siNEDD4 but reverted by reintroduction of the S127A mutant construction of YAP. Taken together, these results indicate that NEDD4 regulates H2O2-induced alteration of cell status through regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway.-Jeon, S.-A., Kim, D. W., Cho, J.-Y. Neural precursor cell-expressed, developmentally down-regulated 4 (NEDD4) regulates hydrogen peroxide-induced cell proliferation and death through inhibition of Hippo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ae Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bajić A, Spasić M, Andjus PR, Savić D, Parabucki A, Nikolić-Kokić A, Spasojević I. Fluctuating vs. continuous exposure to H₂O₂: the effects on mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular calcium, and NF-κB in astroglia. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76383. [PMID: 24124554 PMCID: PMC3790680 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of H2O2 are widely studied in cell cultures and other in vitro systems. However, such investigations are performed with the assumption that H2O2 concentration is constant, which may not properly reflect in vivo settings, particularly in redox-turbulent microenvironments such as mitochondria. Here we introduced and tested a novel concept of fluctuating oxidative stress. We treated C6 astroglial cells and primary astrocytes with H2O2, using three regimes of exposure - continuous, as well as fluctuating at low or high rate, and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential and other parameters of mitochondrial activity - respiration, reducing capacity, and superoxide production, as well as intracellular ATP, intracellular calcium, and NF-κB activation. When compared to continuous exposure, fluctuating H2O2 induced a pronounced hyperpolarization in mitochondria, whereas the activity of electron transport chain appears not to be significantly affected. H2O2 provoked a decrease of ATP level and an increase of intracellular calcium concentration, independently of the regime of treatment. However, fluctuating H2O2 induced a specific pattern of large-amplitude fluctuations of calcium concentration. An impact on NF-κB activation was observed for high rate fluctuations, whereas continuous and low rate fluctuating oxidative stress did not provoke significant effects. Presented results outline the (patho)physiological relevance of redox fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Bajić
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mihajlo Spasić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Savić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Parabucki
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research ‘Siniša Stanković’, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Spasojević
- Life Sciences Department, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Liu Q, Kou JP, Yu BY. Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in PC12 cells via inhibiting NF-κB activation. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:119-25. [PMID: 21078355 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major cause in neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cerebral ischemia. Ginsenoside Rg1, a natural product extracted from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, has been reported to exert notable neuroprotective activities, which partly ascribed to its antioxidative activity. However, its molecular mechanism against oxidative stress induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) remained unclear. In this study, we investigated its effect on H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and explored possible signaling pathway in PC12 cells. We proved that pretreatment with Rg1 at concentrations of 0.1-10 μM remarkably reduced the cytotoxicity induced by 400 μM of H(2)O(2) in PC12 cells by MTT and Hoechst and PI double staining assay. Of note, we demonstrated the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway induced by H(2)O(2) thoroughly in PC12 cells, and Rg1 suppressed phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65, phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor protein of κB (IκB) as well as the phosphorylation of IκB-kinase complex (IKK) by western blotting or indirect immunofluorescence assay. Besides, Rg1 also inhibited the activation of Akt and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Furthermore, the protection of Rg1 on H(2)O(2)-injured PC12 cells was attenuated by pretreatment with two NF-κB pathway inhibitors (JSH-23 or BOT-64). In conclusion, our results suggest that Rg1 could rescue the cell injury by H(2)O(2) via down-regulation NF-κB signaling pathway as well as Akt and ERK1/2 activation, which put new evidence on the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 against the oxidative stress and the regulatory role of H(2)O(2) in NF-κB pathway in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Oliveira-Marques V, Marinho HS, Cyrne L, Antunes F. Role of hydrogen peroxide in NF-kappaB activation: from inducer to modulator. Antioxid Redox Signal 2009; 11:2223-43. [PMID: 19496701 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been implicated in the regulation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, a key regulator of the inflammatory process and adaptive immunity. However, no consensus exists regarding the regulatory role played by H2O2. We discuss how the experimental methodologies used to expose cells to H2O2 produce inconsistent results that are difficult to compare, and how the steady-state titration with H2O2 emerges as an adequate tool to overcome these problems. The redox targets of H2O2 in the NF-kappaB pathway--from the membrane to the post-translational modifications in both NF-kappaB and histones in the nucleus--are described. We also review how H2O2 acts as a specific regulator at the level of the single gene, and briefly discuss the implications of this regulation for human health in the context of kappaB polymorphisms. In conclusion, after near 30 years of research, H2O2 emerges not as an inducer of NF-kappaB, but as an agent able to modulate the activation of the NF-kappaB pathway by other agents. This modulation is generic at the level of the whole pathway but specific at the level of the single gene. Therefore, H2O2 is a fine-tuning regulator of NF-kappaB-dependent processes, as exemplified by its dual regulation of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgínia Oliveira-Marques
- Grupo de Bioquímica dos Oxidantes e Antioxidantes, Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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López-Lázaro M. Anticancer and carcinogenic properties of curcumin: considerations for its clinical development as a cancer chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Mol Nutr Food Res 2008; 52 Suppl 1:S103-27. [PMID: 18496811 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200700238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests that curcumin, the major active constituent of the dietary spice turmeric, has potential for the prevention and therapy of cancer. Preclinical data have shown that curcumin can both inhibit the formation of tumors in animal models of carcinogenesis and act on a variety of molecular targets involved in cancer development. In vitro studies have demonstrated that curcumin is an efficient inducer of apoptosis and some degree of selectivity for cancer cells has been observed. Clinical trials have revealed that curcumin is well tolerated and may produce antitumor effects in people with precancerous lesions or who are at a high risk for developing cancer. This seems to indicate that curcumin is a pharmacologically safe agent that may be used in cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown, however, that curcumin may produce toxic and carcinogenic effects under specific conditions. Curcumin may also alter the effectiveness of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. This review article analyzes the in vitro and in vivo cancer-related activities of curcumin and discusses that they are linked to its known antioxidant and pro-oxidant properties. Several considerations that may help develop curcumin as an anticancer agent are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel López-Lázaro
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Sevilla, Spain.
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