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Ijurko C, Romo-González M, García-Calvo C, Sardina JL, Sánchez-Bernal C, Sánchez-Yagüe J, Elena-Herrmann B, Villaret J, Garrel C, Mondet J, Mossuz P, Hernández-Hernández Á. NOX2 control over energy metabolism plays a role in acute myeloid leukaemia prognosis and survival. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 209:18-28. [PMID: 37806599 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous disease, however the therapeutic approaches have hardly changed in the last decades. Metabolism rewiring and the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are hallmarks of cancer. A deeper understanding of these features could be instrumental for the development of specific AML-subtypes treatments. NADPH oxidases (NOX), the only cellular system specialised in ROS production, are also involved in leukemic metabolism control. NOX2 shows a variable expression in AML patients, so patients can be classified based on such difference. Here we have analysed whether NOX2 levels are important for AML metabolism control. The lack of NOX2 in AML cells slowdowns basal glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), along with the accumulation of metabolites that feed such routes, and a sharp decrease of glutathione. In addition, we found changes in the expression of 725 genes. Among them, we have discovered a panel of 30 differentially expressed metabolic genes, whose relevance was validated in patients. This panel can segregate AML patients according to CYBB expression, and it can predict patient prognosis and survival. In summary, our data strongly support the relevance of NOX2 for AML metabolism, and highlights the potential of our discoveries in AML prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Clara García-Calvo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - José Luis Sardina
- Epigenetic Control of Haematopoiesis Group, Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sánchez-Bernal
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez-Yagüe
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Bénédicte Elena-Herrmann
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, GEMELI Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Joran Villaret
- University Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U 1209, CNRS UMR 5309, GEMELI Platform, Institute for Advanced Biosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Catherine Garrel
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Julie Mondet
- Team "Epigenetic Regulations", Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, 38700, Grenoble, France; Department of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Pascal Mossuz
- Team "Epigenetic Regulations", Institute for Advanced Biosciences, University Grenoble Alpes (UGA), INSERM U1209/CNRS 5309, 38700, Grenoble, France; Department of Biological Hematology, Institute of Biology and Pathology, Hospital of Grenoble Alpes (CHUGA), CS 20217, 38043, Grenoble, CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Alonso MT, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramirez de Molina A, Soriano ME, Hernández-Hernández Á. NOX2 and NOX4 control mitochondrial function in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 198:92-108. [PMID: 36764627 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are characterised by an elevated metabolic plasticity and enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), two features acknowledged as hallmarks in cancer, with a high translational potential to the therapeutic setting. These aspects, that have been traditionally studied separately, are in fact intimately intermingled. As part of their transforming activity, some oncogenes stimulate rewiring of metabolic processes, whilst simultaneously promoting increased production of intracellular ROS. In this scenario the latest discoveries suggest the relevance of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOX) to connect ROS production and metabolic control. Here we have analysed the relevance of NOX2 and NOX4 in the regulation of metabolism in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), a neoplasia driven by the expression of the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson fusion oncogene (BCR-ABL). Silencing of NOX2 enhances glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation rates, together with an enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS and a decrease in mitochondrial DNA copy number, which reflects mitochondrial dysfunction. NOX4 expression was upregulated upon NOX2 silencing, and this was required to alter mitochondrial function. Our results support the relevance of NOX2 to regulate metabolism-related signalling pathways downstream of BCR-ABL. Overall we show that NOX2, through the regulation of NOX4 expression, controls metabolism and mitochondrial function in CML cells. This notion was confirmed by transcriptomic analyses, that strongly relate both NOX isoforms with metabolism regulation in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain
| | - María Teresa Alonso
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Universidad de Valladolid and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, 47003, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, 37007, Spain; IBSAL (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca), Salamanca, 37007, Spain.
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Romo-González M, Ijurko C, Hernández-Hernández Á. Reactive Oxygen Species and Metabolism in Leukemia: A Dangerous Liaison. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889875. [PMID: 35757686 PMCID: PMC9218220 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS), previously considered toxic by-products of aerobic metabolism, are increasingly recognized as regulators of cellular signaling. Keeping ROS levels low is essential to safeguard the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). HSC reside in a hypoxic environment and have been shown to be highly dependent on the glycolytic pathway to meet their energy requirements. However, when the differentiation machinery is activated, there is an essential enhancement of ROS together with a metabolic shift toward oxidative metabolism. Initiating and sustaining leukemia depend on the activity of leukemic stem cells (LSC). LSC also show low ROS levels, but unlike HSC, LSC rely on oxygen to meet their metabolic energetic requirements through mitochondrial respiration. In contrast, leukemic blasts show high ROS levels and great metabolic plasticity, both of which seem to sustain their invasiveness. Oxidative stress and metabolism rewiring are recognized as hallmarks of cancer that are intimately intermingled. Here we present a detailed overview of these two features, sustained at different levels, that support a two-way relationship in leukemia. Modifying ROS levels and targeting metabolism are interesting therapeutic approaches. Therefore, we provide the most recent evidence on the modulation of oxidative stress and metabolism as a suitable anti-leukemic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Romo-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángel Hernández-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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Modified citrus pectin inhibits breast cancer development in mice by targeting tumor-associated macrophage survival and polarization in hypoxic microenvironment. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1556-1567. [PMID: 34462562 PMCID: PMC9160294 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Large amounts of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), which are predominately localized in hypoxia area of the tumor tissue, are associated with the malignant progression of the tumor. In the present study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of modified citrus pectin (MCP), a natural dietary polysaccharide, on the survival and polarization of TAM in relation to its inhibition on the growth and migration of breast cancer. M2 macrophages polarized from human monocyte THP-1 were chosen as a model for TAM. We showed that MCP (0.06%-1%) concentration-dependently suppressed the survival of TAM through inhibiting glucose uptake with a greater extent in hypoxia than in normoxia. Furthermore, MCP treatment decreased ROS level in TAM through its reducibility and inhibiting galectin-3 expression, leading to inhibition of glucose transporter-1 expression and glucose uptake. In addition, MCP suppressed M2-like polarization via inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation. Moreover, the tumor-promoting effect of TAM could be restrained by MCP treatment as shown in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro and in mouse breast cancer 4T1-luc orthotopic and metastasis models. In both tumor tissue and lung tissue of the mouse tumor models, the number of TAM was significantly decreased after MCP treatment. Taken together, MCP may be a promising agent for targeting TAM in tumor hypoxic microenvironment for breast cancer treatment.
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Ijurko C, González‐García N, Galindo‐Villardón P, Hernández‐Hernández Á. A 29-gene signature associated with NOX2 discriminates acute myeloid leukemia prognosis and survival. Am J Hematol 2022; 97:448-457. [PMID: 35073432 PMCID: PMC9303675 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular complexity displayed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) hinders patient stratification and treatment decisions. Previous studies support the utility of using specific gene panels for this purpose. Focusing on two salient features of AML, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidases (NOX) and metabolism, we aimed to identify a gene panel that could improve patient stratification. A pairwise comparison of AML versus healthy gene expression revealed the downregulation of four members of the NOX2 complex including CYBB (coding for NOX2) in AML patients. We analyzed the expression of 941 genes related to metabolism and found 28 genes with expression correlated to CYBB. This panel of 29 genes (29G) effectively divides AML samples according to their prognostic group. The robustness of 29G was confirmed by 6 AML cohort datasets with a total of 1821 patients (overall accuracies of 85%, 78%, 80%, 75%, 59% and 83%). An expression index (EI) was developed according to the expression of the selected discriminatory genes. Overall Survival (OS) was higher for low 29G expression index patients than for the high 29G expression index group, which was confirmed in three different datasets with a total of 1069 patients. Moreover, 29G can dissect intermediate‐prognosis patients in four clusters with different OS, which could improve the current AML stratification scheme. In summary, we have found a gene signature (29G) that can be used for AML classification and for OS prediction. Our results confirm NOX and metabolism as suitable therapeutic targets in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Ijurko
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Nerea González‐García
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
| | - Purificación Galindo‐Villardón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Departamento de Estadística Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Centro de Investigación Institucional (CII) Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins Santiago Chile
- Centro de Gestión de Estudios Estadísticos Universidad Estatal de Milagro Milagro Guayas Ecuador
| | - Ángel Hernández‐Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular Universidad de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL) Hospital Universitario de Salamanca Salamanca Spain
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Nair R, Salinas-Illarena A, Baldauf HM. New strategies to treat AML: novel insights into AML survival pathways and combination therapies. Leukemia 2020; 35:299-311. [PMID: 33122849 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-01069-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effective treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is very challenging. Due to the immense heterogeneity of this disease, treating it using a "one size fits all" approach is ineffective and only benefits a subset of patients. Instead, there is a shift towards more personalized treatment based on the patients' genomic signature. This shift has facilitated the increased revelation of novel insights into pathways that lead to the survival and propagation of AML cells. These AML survival pathways are involved in drug resistance, evasion of the immune system, reprogramming metabolism, and impairing differentiation. In addition, based on the reports of enhanced clinical efficiencies when combining drugs or treatments, deeper investigation into possible pathways, which can be targeted together to increase treatment response in a wider group of patients, is warranted. In this review, not only is a comprehensive summary of targets involved in these pathways provided, but also insights into the potential of targeting these molecules in combination therapy will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nair
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro Salinas-Illarena
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute & Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
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Robinson AJ, Hopkins GL, Rastogi N, Hodges M, Doyle M, Davies S, Hole PS, Omidvar N, Darley RL, Tonks A. Reactive Oxygen Species Drive Proliferation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia via the Glycolytic Regulator PFKFB3. Cancer Res 2020; 80:937-949. [PMID: 31862780 PMCID: PMC7611211 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous clonal disorder with a poor clinical outcome. Previously, we showed that overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), arising from constitutive activation of NOX2 oxidase, occurs in >60% of patients with AML and that ROS production promotes proliferation of AML cells. We show here that the process most significantly affected by ROS overproduction is glycolysis. Whole metabolome analysis of 20 human primary AML showed that blasts generating high levels of ROS have increased glucose uptake and correspondingly increased glucose metabolism. In support of this, exogenous ROS increased glucose consumption while inhibition of NOX2 oxidase decreased glucose consumption. Mechanistically, ROS promoted uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) protein expression and phosphorylation of AMPK, upregulating the expression of a key regulatory glycolytic enzyme, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFKFB3). Overexpression of PFKFB3 promoted glucose uptake and cell proliferation, whereas downregulation of PFKFB3 strongly suppressed leukemia growth both in vitro and in vivo in the NSG model. These experiments provide direct evidence that oxidase-derived ROS promotes the growth of leukemia cells via the glycolytic regulator PFKFB3. Targeting PFKFB3 may therefore present a new mode of therapy for this disease with a poor outcome. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings show that ROS generated by NOX2 in AML cells promotes glycolysis by activating PFKFB3 and suggest PFKFB3 as a novel therapeutic target in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Robinson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Goitseone L Hopkins
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Namrata Rastogi
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Marie Hodges
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle Doyle
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Paul S Hole
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Omidvar
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer & Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom.
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Peroxiporins in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061371. [PMID: 30893772 PMCID: PMC6471688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transport of H2O2 across membranes by specific aquaporins (AQPs) has been considered the last milestone in the timeline of hydrogen peroxide discoveries in biochemistry. According to its concentration and localization, H2O2 can be dangerous or acts as a signaling molecule in various cellular processes as either a paracrine (intercellular) and/or an autocrine (intracellular) signal. In this review, we investigate and critically examine the available information on AQP isoforms able to facilitate H2O2 across biological membranes (“peroxiporins”), focusing in particular on their role in cancer. Moreover, the ability of natural compounds to modulate expression and/or activity of peroxiporins is schematically reported and discussed.
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Sulforaphane Modulates AQP8-Linked Redox Signalling in Leukemia Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:4125297. [PMID: 30581529 PMCID: PMC6276444 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4125297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Sulforaphane, a biologically active isothiocyanate compound extracted from cruciferous vegetables, has been shown to exert cytotoxic effects on many human cancer cells, including leukemia. However, the exact molecular mechanisms behind the action of sulforaphane in hematological malignancies are still unclear. Like other cancer cells, leukemia cells produce high level of reactive oxygen species; in particular, hydrogen peroxide derived from Nox family is involved in various redox signal transduction pathways, promoting cell proliferation and survival. Recent evidence show that many tumour cell types express elevated level of aquaporin isoforms, and we previously demonstrated that aquaporin-8 acts as H2O2 transport facilitator across the plasma membrane of B1647 cells, a model of acute myeloid human leukemia. Thus, the control of AQP8-mediated H2O2 transport could be a novel strategy to regulate cell signalling and survival. To this purpose, we evaluated whether sulforaphane could somehow affect aquaporin-8-mediated H2O2 transport and/or Nox-mediated H2O2 production in B1647 cell line. Results indicated that sulforaphane inhibited both aquaporin-8 and Nox2 expression, thus decreasing B1647 cells viability. Moreover, the data obtained by coimmunoprecipitation technique demonstrated that these two proteins are linked to each other; thus, sulforaphane has an important role in modulating the downstream events triggered by the axis Nox2-aquaporin-8. Cell treatment with sulforaphane also reduced the expression of peroxiredoxin-1, which is increased in almost all acute myeloid leukemia subtypes. Interestingly, sulforaphane concentrations able to trigger these effects are achievable by dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables, confirming the importance of the beneficial effect of a diet rich in bioactive compounds.
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Chen L, Zhou Y, Tang X, Yang C, Tian Y, Xie R, Chen T, Yang J, Jing M, Chen F, Wang C, Sun H, Huang Y. EGFR mutation decreases FDG uptake in non‑small cell lung cancer via the NOX4/ROS/GLUT1 axis. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:370-380. [PMID: 30431083 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
[18F]fluoro‑2‑deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)‑computed tomography (CT) is a functional imaging modality based on glucose metabolism. The association between the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) from 18F‑FDG PET‑CT scanning and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status has, to the best of our knowledge, not previously been fully elucidated, and the potential mechanisms by which EGFR mutations alter FDG uptake are largely unknown. A total of 157 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent EGFR mutation testing and PET‑CT pretreatment between June 2015 and October 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. χ2 and univariate analyses were performed to identify the contributors to EGFR mutation. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was analyzed, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) expression, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity were detected in the A549 (wild‑type), PC‑9 (EGFR mutation‑positive, EGFR exon 19del) and NCI‑H1975 (EGFR mutation‑positive, combined with L858R and T790M substitution) cell lines. A total of 109 patients who met the criteria were enrolled, and 63 of those tested as EGFR mutation‑positive. The SUVmax values were significantly lower in patients with EGFR mutations (mean, 6.52±0.38) compared with in patients with wild‑type EGFR (mean, 9.37±0.31; P<0.001). Using univariate analysis, EGFR mutation status was significantly associated with sex, smoking status, tumor histology and SUVmax of the primary tumor. In the multivariate analysis, smoking status (never‑smoking), histopathology (adenocarcinoma) and SUVmax (≤9.91) were the statistically significant predictors of EGFR mutations. ROC curve analysis identified that the SUVmax cut‑off point was 9.92, for which the AUC was 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.68‑0.83). Reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction indicated that the GLUT1 mRNA decreased in the PC‑9 and NCI‑H1975 cell lines compared with the A549 cell line (0.82±0.07 and 0.72±0.04 vs. 0.98±0.04, respectively; P<0.05) and decreased ROS activity was observed in the PC‑9 cell line. Furthermore, the expression of NOX4 mRNA decreased by 20% in PC‑9 (P<0.01) and by 14% (P<0.05) in NCI‑H1975 cells. In addition, NOX4 protein expression decreased by 13% in PC‑9 and by 16% in NCI‑H1975 cells (both P<0.05) compared with the A549 cell line. The SUVmax could be considered to effectively predict EGFR mutation status of patients with NSCLC, and the EGFR mutation status may alter FDG uptake partially via the NOX4/ROS/GLUT1 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yongchun Zhou
- Tumor Research Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650101, P.R. China
| | - Conghui Yang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yadong Tian
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Ran Xie
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Jiapeng Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Jing
- Department of Ultrasonic, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Fukun Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Hua Sun
- Department of PET/CT Center, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
| | - Yunchao Huang
- Tumor Research Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Cancer Center of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650118, P.R. China
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11
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Moloney JN, Cotter TG. ROS signalling in the biology of cancer. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 80:50-64. [PMID: 28587975 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1163] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production has been detected in various cancers and has been shown to have several roles, for example, they can activate pro-tumourigenic signalling, enhance cell survival and proliferation, and drive DNA damage and genetic instability. Counterintuitively ROS can also promote anti-tumourigenic signalling, initiating oxidative stress-induced tumour cell death. Tumour cells express elevated levels of antioxidant proteins to detoxify elevated ROS levels, establish a redox balance, while maintaining pro-tumourigenic signalling and resistance to apoptosis. Tumour cells have an altered redox balance to that of their normal counterparts and this identifies ROS manipulation as a potential target for cancer therapies. This review discusses the generation and sources of ROS within tumour cells, the regulation of ROS by antioxidant defence systems, as well as the effect of elevated ROS production on their signalling targets in cancer. It also provides an insight into how pro- and anti-tumourigenic ROS signalling pathways could be manipulated in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Moloney
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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12
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Prata C, Zambonin L, Angeloni C, Rizzo B, Hrelia S, Fiorentini D. Intracellular cysteine oxidation is modulated by aquaporin-8-mediated hydrogen peroxide channeling in leukaemia cells. Biofactors 2017; 43:232-242. [PMID: 27862460 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The modulation of H2 O2 production by NADPH oxidase (Nox), on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation, affects the redox signaling linked to cancer cell proliferation. H2 O2 signal transduction involves reversible oxidation of thiol proteins, leading to the formation of cysteine sulfenic acids, responsible for the temporary inactivation of many phosphatases. These events imply that H2 O2 reaches its intracellular targets. As Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) has been demonstrated to funnel Nox-produced H2 O2 across the plasma membrane, this study aims to elucidate the role of AQP8 in the redox signaling occurring in human leukaemia B1647 cells that constitutively produce VEGF. AQP8 overexpression or silencing resulted in the modulation of VEGF ability of increasing or decreasing, respectively, H2 O2 intracellular level. Moreover, data obtained by a dimedone-based immunochemical method for sulfenic acid detection demonstrate that the expression of AQP8 can modulate the amplitude of downstream events, altering the activity of redox-sensitive targets. In particular, AQP8 affected VEGF-induced redox signaling by increasing the sulfenation of the tumor suppressor PTEN, which resulted in its inactivation and, in turn, caused Akt activation. Therefore, the dimedone-based method for easily monitoring cellular protein sulfenation allowed to demonstrate, for the first time, the role of AQP8 on the fine tune of cysteine oxidation in target proteins involved in leukaemia cell proliferation pathways. © 2016 BioFactors, 43(2):232-242, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Vieceli Dalla Sega
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Zambonin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Angeloni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rizzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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13
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Jayavelu AK, Müller JP, Bauer R, Böhmer SA, Lässig J, Cerny-Reiterer S, Sperr WR, Valent P, Maurer B, Moriggl R, Schröder K, Shah AM, Fischer M, Scholl S, Barth J, Oellerich T, Berg T, Serve H, Frey S, Fischer T, Heidel FH, Böhmer FD. NOX4-driven ROS formation mediates PTP inactivation and cell transformation in FLT3ITD-positive AML cells. Leukemia 2015; 30:473-83. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Liemburg-Apers DC, Willems PHGM, Koopman WJH, Grefte S. Interactions between mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and cellular glucose metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2015; 89:1209-26. [PMID: 26047665 PMCID: PMC4508370 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1520-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification are tightly balanced. Shifting this balance enables ROS to activate intracellular signaling and/or induce cellular damage and cell death. Increased mitochondrial ROS production is observed in a number of pathological conditions characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. One important hallmark of these diseases is enhanced glycolytic activity and low or impaired oxidative phosphorylation. This suggests that ROS is involved in glycolysis (dys)regulation and vice versa. Here we focus on the bidirectional link between ROS and the regulation of glucose metabolism. To this end, we provide a basic introduction into mitochondrial energy metabolism, ROS generation and redox homeostasis. Next, we discuss the interactions between cellular glucose metabolism and ROS. ROS-stimulated cellular glucose uptake can stimulate both ROS production and scavenging. When glucose-stimulated ROS production, leading to further glucose uptake, is not adequately counterbalanced by (glucose-stimulated) ROS scavenging systems, a toxic cycle is triggered, ultimately leading to cell death. Here we inventoried the various cellular regulatory mechanisms and negative feedback loops that prevent this cycle from occurring. It is concluded that more insight in these processes is required to understand why they are (un)able to prevent excessive ROS production during various pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania C. Liemburg-Apers
- />Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H. G. M. Willems
- />Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Werner J. H. Koopman
- />Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Grefte
- />Department of Biochemistry (286), Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (RIMLS), Radboud University Medical Center (RUMC), P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- />Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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15
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Ajayi A, Yu X, Wahlo-Svedin C, Tsirigotaki G, Karlström V, Ström AL. Altered p53 and NOX1 activity cause bioenergetic defects in a SCA7 polyglutamine disease model. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2015; 1847:418-428. [PMID: 25647692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is one of the nine neurodegenerative disorders caused by expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) domains. Common pathogenic mechanisms, including bioenergetics defects, have been suggested for these so called polyQ diseases. However, the exact molecular mechanism(s) behind the metabolic dysfunction is still unclear. In this study we identified a previously unreported mechanism, involving disruption of p53 and NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) activity, by which the expanded SCA7 disease protein ATXN7 causes metabolic dysregulation. The NOX1 protein is known to promote glycolytic activity, whereas the transcription factor p53 inhibits this process and instead promotes mitochondrial respiration. In a stable inducible PC12 model of SCA7, p53 and mutant ATXN7 co-aggregated and the transcriptional activity of p53 was reduced, resulting in a 50% decrease of key p53 target proteins, like AIF and TIGAR. In contrast, the expression of NOX1 was increased approximately 2 times in SCA7 cells. Together these alterations resulted in a decreased respiratory capacity, an increased reliance on glycolysis for energy production and a subsequent 20% reduction of ATP in SCA7 cells. Restoring p53 function, or suppressing NOX1 activity, both reversed the metabolic dysfunction and ameliorated mutant ATXN7 toxicity. These results hence not only enhance the understanding of the mechanisms causing metabolic dysfunction in SCA7 disease, but also identify NOX1 as a novel potential therapeutic target in SCA7 and possibly other polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Ajayi
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Galateia Tsirigotaki
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Victor Karlström
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna-Lena Ström
- Department of Neurochemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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16
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Ding Y, Zhu W, Sun R, Yuan G, Zhang D, Fan Y, Sun J. Diphenylene iodonium interferes with cell cycle progression and induces apoptosis by modulating NAD(P)H oxidase/ROS/cell cycle regulatory pathways in Burkitt's lymphoma cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 33:1434-42. [PMID: 25591797 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and its encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) play oncogenic roles in Burkitt's lymphoma (BL). Flow cytometry was used to measure cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations, and cellular lactate generation and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) cytotoxicity were determined by analyzing lactate concentrations and cell viability. We also measured NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity. Reverse transcriptase PCR and qPCR assays were used to analyze LMP1 levels, and protein expression was measured by immunoblotting. In the present study, EBV was able to induce NOX activity and ROS generation in the BL cells. Inhibition of NOX activity by DPI suppressed ROS levels and elevated lactate levels. DPI treatment first resulted in a G2-M phase cell cycle arrest and then induced significant apoptosis. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated that DPI suppressed the expression of c-Myc and Cdc25A within 6 h, which may have caused the cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these findings indicate a close relationship between EBV infection and NOX activation, permitting a deeper understanding of ROS inhibition in cell cycle regulation and providing a novel therapeutic target for BL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ding
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510055, P.R. China
| | - Rui Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Gang Yuan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Fan
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jian Sun
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
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17
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Role of plasma membrane caveolae/lipid rafts in VEGF-induced redox signaling in human leukemia cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:857504. [PMID: 24738074 PMCID: PMC3967716 DOI: 10.1155/2014/857504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae/lipid rafts are membrane-rich cholesterol domains endowed with several functions in signal transduction and caveolin-1 (Cav-1) has been reported to be implicated in regulating multiple cancer-associated processes, ranging from tumor growth to multidrug resistance and angiogenesis. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and Cav-1 are frequently colocalized, suggesting an important role played by this interaction on cancer cell survival and proliferation. Thus, our attention was directed to a leukemia cell line (B1647) that constitutively produces VEGF and expresses the tyrosine-kinase receptor VEGFR-2. We investigated the presence of VEGFR-2 in caveolae/lipid rafts, focusing on the correlation between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and glucose transport modulation induced by VEGF, peculiar features of tumor proliferation. In order to better understand the involvement of VEGF/VEGFR-2 in the redox signal transduction, we evaluated the effect of different compounds able to inhibit VEGF interaction with its receptor by different mechanisms, corroborating the obtained results by immunoprecipitation and fluorescence techniques. Results here reported showed that, in B1647 leukemia cells, VEGFR-2 is present in caveolae through association with Cav-1, demonstrating that caveolae/lipid rafts act as platforms for negative modulation of VEGF redox signal transduction cascades leading to glucose uptake and cell proliferation, suggesting therefore novel potential targets.
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18
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Nuclear Nox4-derived reactive oxygen species in myelodysplastic syndromes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:456937. [PMID: 24719867 PMCID: PMC3955662 DOI: 10.1155/2014/456937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A role for intracellular ROS production has been recently implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of a wide variety of neoplasias. ROS sources, such as NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox) complexes, are frequently activated in AML (acute myeloid leukemia) blasts and strongly contribute to their proliferation, survival, and drug resistance. Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis, with an increased propensity to develop AML. The molecular basis for MDS progression is unknown, but a key element in MDS disease progression is the genomic instability. NADPH oxidases are now recognized to have specific subcellular localizations, this targeting to specific compartments for localized ROS production. Local Nox-dependent ROS production in the nucleus may contribute to the regulation of redox-dependent cell growth, differentiation, senescence, DNA damage, and apoptosis. We observed that Nox1, 2, and 4 isoforms and p22phox and Rac1 subunits are expressed in MDS/AML cell lines and MDS samples, also in the nuclear fractions. Interestingly, Nox4 interacts with ERK and Akt1 within nuclear speckle domain, suggesting that Nox4 could be involved in regulating gene expression and splicing factor activity. These data contribute to the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms used by nuclear ROS to drive MDS evolution to AML.
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19
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Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Zambonin L, Fiorentini D, Rizzo B, Caliceti C, Landi L, Hrelia S, Prata C. Specific aquaporins facilitate Nox-produced hydrogen peroxide transport through plasma membrane in leukaemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:806-14. [PMID: 24440277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, the generation and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly hydrogen peroxide, in cell signalling transduction pathways have been intensively studied, and it is now clear that an increase of ROS level affects cellular growth and proliferation pathways related to cancer development. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been long thought to permeate biological membranes by simple diffusion since recent evidence challenged this notion disclosing the role of aquaporin water channels (AQP) in mediating H2O2 transport across plasma membranes. We previously demonstrated that NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)-generated ROS sustain glucose uptake and cellular proliferation in leukaemia cells. The aim of this study was to assess whether specific AQP isoforms can channel Nox-produced H2O2 across the plasma membrane of leukaemia cells affecting downstream pathways linked to cell proliferation. In this work, we demonstrate that AQP inhibition caused a decrease in intracellular ROS accumulation in leukaemia cells both when H2O2 was produced by Nox enzymes and when it was exogenously added. Furthermore, AQP8 overexpression or silencing resulted to modulate VEGF capacity of triggering an H2O2 intracellular level increase or decrease, respectively. Finally, we report that AQP8 is capable of increasing H2O2-induced phosphorylation of both PI3K and p38 MAPK and that AQP8 expression affected positively cell proliferation. Taken together, the results here reported indicate that AQP8 is able to modulate H2O2 transport through the plasma membrane affecting redox signalling linked to leukaemia cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Zambonin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Diana Fiorentini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Benedetta Rizzo
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristiana Caliceti
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA Center), University Hospital of Ferrara and Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care&Research, E.S: Health Science Foundation, Cotignola, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Hrelia
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Cecilia Prata
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Italy
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20
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Natural compounds as modulators of NADPH oxidases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:271602. [PMID: 24381714 PMCID: PMC3863456 DOI: 10.1155/2013/271602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals generated ubiquitously by all mammalian cells, but their relative unbalance triggers also diseases through intracellular damage to DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids. NADPH oxidases (NOX) are the only known enzyme family with the sole function to produce ROS. The NOX physiological functions concern host defence, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. On the other hand, increased NOX activity contributes to a wide range of pathological processes, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, organ failure, and cancer. Therefore targeting these enzymatic ROS sources by natural compounds, without affecting the physiological redox state, may be an important tool. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge of the role of NOX enzymes in physiology and pathology and provides an overview of the currently available NADPH oxidase inhibitors derived from natural extracts such as polyphenols.
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21
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Steviol glycosides modulate glucose transport in different cell types. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:348169. [PMID: 24327825 PMCID: PMC3845854 DOI: 10.1155/2013/348169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracts from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a plant native to Central and South America, have been used as a sweetener since ancient times. Currently, Stevia extracts are largely used as a noncaloric high-potency biosweetener alternative to sugar, due to the growing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and metabolic disorders worldwide. Despite the large number of studies on Stevia and steviol glycosides in vivo, little is reported concerning the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects on human health. The effect of four commercial Stevia extracts on glucose transport activity was evaluated in HL-60 human leukaemia and in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The extracts were able to enhance glucose uptake in both cellular lines, as efficiently as insulin. Our data suggest that steviol glycosides could act by modulating GLUT translocation through the PI3K/Akt pathway since treatments with both insulin and Stevia extracts increased the phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. Furthermore, Stevia extracts were able to revert the effect of the reduction of glucose uptake caused by methylglyoxal, an inhibitor of the insulin receptor/PI3K/Akt pathway. These results corroborate the hypothesis that Stevia extracts could mimic insulin effects modulating PI3K/Akt pathway.
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22
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Sobhakumari A, Schickling BM, Love-Homan L, Raeburn A, Fletcher EVM, Case AJ, Domann FE, Miller FJ, Simons AL. NOX4 mediates cytoprotective autophagy induced by the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib in head and neck cancer cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 272:736-45. [PMID: 23917044 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and EGFR inhibitors are routinely used in the treatment of HNSCC. However, many HNSCC tumors do not respond or become refractory to EGFR inhibitors. Autophagy, which is a stress-induced cellular self-degradation process, has been reported to reduce the efficacy of chemotherapy in various disease models. The purpose of this study is to determine if the efficacy of the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib is reduced by activation of autophagy via NOX4-mediated oxidative stress in HNSCC cells. Erlotinib induced the expression of the autophagy marker LC3B-II and autophagosome formation in FaDu and Cal-27 cells. Inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine and knockdown of autophagy pathway genes Beclin-1 and Atg5 sensitized both cell lines to erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity, suggesting that autophagy may serve as a protective mechanism. Treatment with catalase (CAT) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) in the presence of erlotinib suppressed the increase in LC3B-II expression in FaDu and Cal-27 cells. Erlotinib increased NOX4 mRNA and protein expression by increasing its promoter activity and mRNA stability in FaDu cells. Knockdown of NOX4 using adenoviral siNOX4 partially suppressed erlotinib-induced LC3B-II expression, while overexpression of NOX4 increased expression of LC3B-II. These studies suggest that erlotinib may activate autophagy in HNSCC cells as a pro-survival mechanism, and NOX4 may play a role in mediating this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Sobhakumari
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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23
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Novel aspects of ROS signalling in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:359. [PMID: 23740217 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0359-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure and many of the conditions that predispose to heart failure are associated with oxidative stress. This is considered to be important in the pathophysiology of the condition but clinical trials of antioxidant approaches to prevent cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been unsuccessful. Part of the reason for this may be the failure to appreciate the complexity of the effects of reactive oxygen species. At one extreme, excessive oxidative stress damages membranes, proteins and DNA but lower levels of reactive oxygen species may exert much more subtle and specific regulatory effects (termed redox signalling), even on physiological signalling pathways. In this article, we review our current understanding of the roles of such redox signalling pathways in the pathophysiology of heart failure, including effects on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy signalling, excitation-contraction coupling, arrhythmia, cell viability and energetics. Reactive oxygen species generated by NADPH oxidase proteins appear to be especially important in redox signalling. The delineation of specific redox-sensitive pathways and mechanisms that contribute to different components of the failing heart phenotype may facilitate the development of newer targeted therapies as opposed to the failed general antioxidant approaches of the past.
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24
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Andreani A, Granaiola M, Locatelli A, Morigi R, Rambaldi M, Varoli L, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Prata C, Nguyen TL, Bai R, Hamel E. Cytotoxic activities of substituted 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylidene)-1,3-dihydroindol-2-ones and studies on their mechanisms of action. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 64:603-12. [PMID: 23685944 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of new trimethoxybenzylidene-indolinones is reported. Their cytotoxic activity was evaluated according to Developmental Therapeutics Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, drug screen protocols. The study of the mechanism of action suggests that inhibition of Nox4 in B1647 cells (acute myeloid leukemia) could contribute to the antiproliferative effect of some compounds. Moreover, inhibition of tubulin assembly was observed for the most cytotoxic compound, and the structural basis for this activity was delineated by binding models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Andreani
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie FaBiT, Università di Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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25
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Italiano D, Lena AM, Melino G, Candi E. Identification of NCF2/p67phox as a novel p53 target gene. Cell Cycle 2012. [PMID: 23187810 DOI: 10.4161/cc.22853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of microarrays performed in p53-, TAp63α- and ΔNp63α-inducible SaOs-2 cell lines allowed the identification of NCF2 mRNA upregulation in response to p53 induction. NCF2 gene encodes for p67phox, the cytosolic subunit of the NADPH oxidase enzyme complex. The recruitment of p67phox to the cell membrane causes the activation of the NADPH oxidase complex followed by the generation of NADP+ and superoxide from molecular oxygen. The presence of three putative p53 binding sites on the NCF2 promoter was predicted, and the subsequent luciferase and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed the activation of NCF2 promoter by p53 and its direct binding in vivo to at least one of the sites, thus confirming the hypothesis. NCF2 upregulation was also confirmed by real-time PCR in several cell lines after p53 activation. NCF2 knockdown by siRNA results in a significant reduction of ROS production and stimulates cell death, suggesting a protective function of Nox2-generated ROS in cells against apoptosis. These results provide insight into the redox-sensitive signaling mechanism that mediates cell survival involving p53 and its novel target NCF2/p67phox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Italiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
NADPH oxidases of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family are dedicated reactive oxygen species-generating enzymes that broadly and specifically regulate redox-sensitive signalling pathways that are involved in cancer development and progression. They act at specific cellular membranes and microdomains through the activation of oncogenes and the inactivation of tumour suppressor proteins. In this Review, we discuss primary targets and redox-linked signalling systems that are influenced by NOX-derived ROS, and the biological role of NOX oxidases in the aetiology of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Block
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial Hospital Division, Department of Medicine, San Antonio, Texas 78229-73900, USA.
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Dietary phenolic acids act as effective antioxidants in membrane models and in cultured cells, exhibiting proapoptotic effects in leukaemia cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:839298. [PMID: 22792417 PMCID: PMC3390142 DOI: 10.1155/2012/839298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeic, syringic, and protocatechuic acids are phenolic acids derived directly from food intake or come from the gut metabolism of polyphenols. In this study, the antioxidant activity of these compounds was at first evaluated in membrane models, where caffeic acid behaved as a very effective chain-breaking antioxidant, whereas syringic and protocatechuic acids were only retardants of lipid peroxidation. However, all three compounds acted as good scavengers of reactive species in cultured cells subjected to exogenous oxidative stress produced by low level of H(2)O(2). Many tumour cells are characterised by increased ROS levels compared with their noncancerous counterparts. Therefore, we investigated whether phenolic acids, at low concentrations, comparable to those present in human plasma, were able to decrease basal reactive species. Results show that phenolic acids reduced ROS in a leukaemia cell line (HEL), whereas no effect was observed in normal cells, such as HUVEC. The compounds exhibited no toxicity to normal cells while they decreased proliferation in leukaemia cells, inducing apoptosis. In the debate on optimal ROS-manipulating strategies in cancer therapy, our work in leukaemia cells supports the antioxidant ROS-depleting approach.
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Del Principe D, Avigliano L, Savini I, Catani MV. Trans-plasma membrane electron transport in mammals: functional significance in health and disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 14:2289-318. [PMID: 20812784 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Trans-plasma membrane electron transport (t-PMET) has been established since the 1960s, but it has only been subject to more intensive research in the last decade. The discovery and characterization at the molecular level of its novel components has increased our understanding of how t-PMET regulates distinct cellular functions. This review will give an update on t-PMET, with particular emphasis on how its malfunction relates to some diseases, such as cancer, abnormal cell death, cardiovascular diseases, aging, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, and genetically linked pathologies. Understanding these relationships may provide novel therapeutic approaches for pathologies associated with unbalanced redox state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Del Principe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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29
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Mitochondrial ROS production under cellular stress: comparison of different detection methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:2383-90. [PMID: 21336935 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4764-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the regulation of many physiological processes. However, overproduction of ROS under various cellular stresses results in cell death and organ injury and thus contributes to a broad spectrum of diseases and pathological conditions. The existence of different cellular sources for ROS and the distinct properties of individual ROS (their reactivity, lifetime, etc.) require adequate detection methods. We therefore compared different models of cellular stress and various ROS-sensitive dyes-2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), MitoSOX™, and MitoTracker® red CM-H(2)XRos-using a confocal fluorescent imaging approach, which has the advantage of not only detecting but also of localizing intracellular sources for ROS. Confocal acquisition of DCF-DA fluorescence can be combined with ROS detection by the mitochondria-specific probes MitoSOX™ and MitoTracker® red CM-H(2)XRos. Specificity was controlled using various antioxidants such as Trolox and N-acetylcysteine. Using different fluorescent ROS-sensitive probes, we detected higher ROS production equally under cell starvation (IL-3 or serum depletion), hypoxia-reoxygenation, or treatment of cells with prooxidants. The detected increase in ROS was approximately threefold in IL-3-depleted 32D cells, approximately 3.5-fold in serum-deprived NIH cells, and 2.5-fold to threefold in hypoxic HL-1 cells, and these findings agree well with previously published spectrofluorometric measurements. In some cases, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used for the validation of results from confocal fluorescent imaging. Our data show that confocal fluorescent imaging and ESR data are in good agreement. Under cellular stress, mitochondrial ROS are released into the cytoplasm and may participate in many processes, but they do not escape from the cell.
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Maraldi T, Prata C, Vieceli Dalla Sega F, Caliceti C, Zambonin L, Fiorentini D, Hakim G. NAD(P)H oxidase isoform Nox2 plays a prosurvival role in human leukaemia cells. Free Radic Res 2010; 43:1111-21. [PMID: 19707918 DOI: 10.1080/10715760903186132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism involved in the prosurvival effect of interleukin-3 on the human acute myeloid leukaemia cell line M07e is investigated. A decrease in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) content, glucose transport activity and cell survival was observed in the presence of inhibitors of plasma membrane ROS sources, such as diphenylene iodonium and apocynin, and by small interference RNA for Nox2. Moreover, IL-3 incubation stimulated the synthesis of Nox2 cytosolic sub-unit p47phox and glucose transporter Glut1. Thus, the inhibition of ROS generation by Nox inhibitors stimulated apoptosis showing that ROS production, induced by IL-3 via Nox2, protects leukaemic cells from cell death. Also incubation with receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as anti-leukaemic drugs blocking the stem cell factor receptor (c-kit), showed similar effects, hinting that IL-3 transmodulates c-kit phosphorylation. These mechanisms may play an important role in acute myeloid leukaemia treatment, representing a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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31
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Amann T, Hellerbrand C. GLUT1 as a therapeutic target in hepatocellular carcinoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2010; 13:1411-27. [PMID: 19874261 DOI: 10.1517/14728220903307509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most fatal cancers in humans with rising incidence in many regions around the world. Currently, no satisfactory curative pharmacological treatment is available, and the outcome is mostly poor. Recently, we have shown that the glucose transporter GLUT1 is increased in a subset of patients with HCC and functionally affects tumorigenicity. GLUT1 is a rate-limiting transporter for glucose uptake, and its expression correlates with anaerobic glycolysis. This phenomenon is also known as the Warburg effect and recently became of great interest, since it affects not only glucose uptake and utilization but also has an influence on tumorigenic features like metastasis, chemoresistance and escape from immune surveillance. Consistent with this, RNA-interference-mediated inhibition of GLUT1 expression in HCC cells resulted in reduced tumorigenicity. Together, these findings indicate that GLUT1 is a novel and attractive therapeutic target for HCC. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the expression and function of GLUT1 in HCC, available drugs/strategies to inhibit GLUT1 expression or function, and potential side effects of such therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Amann
- University Hospital Regensburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, D-93042 Regensburg, Germany
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32
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Maraldi T, Prata C, Fiorentini D, Zambonin L, Landi L, Hakim G. Induction of apoptosis in a human leukemic cell line via reactive oxygen species modulation by antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2009; 46:244-52. [PMID: 19013234 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the human acute myeloid leukemia cell line M07e, the growth factor interleukin-3 (IL-3) induces ROS formation, positively affecting Glut1-mediated glucose uptake and cell survival. The effect of IL-3 and exogenous hydrogen peroxide on cell viability seems to be mediated through inhibition of the cell death commitment, as shown by apoptotic markers such as caspase activities, apoptotic nuclei, and changes in the amount of proteins belonging to the Bcl-2 family. The pivotal role of ROS is confirmed using various antioxidants, such as EUK-134, ebselen, TEMPO, and hydroxylamine probe. In fact, these antioxidants, acting through different mechanisms, decrease glucose transport activity and cell proliferation activated by IL-3 or by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, antioxidants foster programmed cell death commitment, as shown by the cited apoptotic parameters. EUK-134, a combined superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic, opposes the effects of IL-3 and H(2)O(2), decreasing phosphorylation levels of signaling enzymes such as Akt, Src tyrosine kinase, and ERK. Results show that ROS production induced by IL-3 can protect leukemic cells from apoptosis, the effect being counteracted by antioxidants. This mechanism may play an important role in supporting acute myeloid leukemia treatment, thus representing a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tullia Maraldi
- Department of Biochemistry G. Moruzzi, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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