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Surmanidze N, Vanidze M, Djafaridze I, Davitadze R, Qarcivadze I, Khakhutaishvili M, Kalandia A. Optimization of the method of ultrasonic extraction of lycopene with a green extract from the fruit of Elaeagnus umbellata, common in Western Georgia. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:3593-3601. [PMID: 38726431 PMCID: PMC11077213 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The study determined the content of lycopene in the fruits of the Elaeagnus umbellata (35.25-60.21 mg/100 g), common at different heights above sea level in Western Georgia. For the effective extraction of lycopene as a biologically active substance, the optimal conditions for ultrasonic extraction were selected: sunflower oil was used as a "green solvent"; the ratio of solid mass and solvent was 1:50; temperature 30°C; ultrasound amplitude 40%; power 85 W; and extraction time 10 min. FTIR spectra revealed the characteristic functional groups of lycopene exhibiting two characteristic peaks at 2920 and 2950 cm-1. To explore the effect of lycopene on oil quality, the acid value, peroxide value, and p-anisidine were determined in each oil sample. The antioxidant determination by inhibition of DPPH radicals showed significant differences in native oils and oils with lycopene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nona Surmanidze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Maia Vanidze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Indira Djafaridze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Ruslan Davitadze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Inga Qarcivadze
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Meri Khakhutaishvili
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
| | - Aleko Kalandia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health CareBatumi Shota Rustaveli State University (BSU)BatumiGeorgia
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Sahakyan G, Vejux A, Sahakyan N. The Role of Oxidative Stress-Mediated Inflammation in the Development of T2DM-Induced Diabetic Nephropathy: Possible Preventive Action of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27249035. [PMID: 36558167 PMCID: PMC9786776 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27249035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is manifested in more than 10% of people with diabetes. It is a common cause of kidney failure and end-stage kidney disease. Understanding of mechanisms underlying the initiation and development of diabetes-induced kidney injuries will allow for the development of more effective methods of prevention and treatment of the disease. Diabetic nephropathy is a wide-ranging complication of diabetes, and it is necessary to discuss the "weight" of pro-inflammatory pathways and molecules in the progress of renal injuries during the development of the disease. A large spectrum of pro-inflammatory molecules and pathways participate in different stages of the pathophysiological progression of diabetic nephropathy, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, adhesion molecules, and transcription factors. On the other hand, it is known that one of the consequences of hyperglycemia-induced ROS generation is the up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cascades, which, in turn, activate the transcription of genes encoding cytokines-chemokines, growth factors, and extracellular matrix proteins. It is a proven fact that a variety of plant secondary metabolites, such as tannins, flavonoids, and other polyphenols, demonstrate significant anti-diabetic, redox-modulating properties and effectively modulate the inflammatory response. Thus, this review is discussing the possible role of plant phenols in the prevention and treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Sahakyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
| | - Anne Vejux
- Team “Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism”, University Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UFR Sciences Vie Terre et Environnement, 21000 Dijon, France
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33 3-80-39-37-01 (A.V.); Tel.: +374-60-71-05-07 (N.S.)
| | - Naira Sahakyan
- Research Institute of Biology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Research Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, 1 A. Manoogian Str., Yerevan 0025, Armenia
- Correspondence: (A.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +33 3-80-39-37-01 (A.V.); Tel.: +374-60-71-05-07 (N.S.)
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Daniellia oliveri (Rolfe) Hutch and Dalziel: Antimicrobial Activities, Cytotoxicity Evaluation, and Phytochemical Identification by GC-MS. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121699. [PMID: 36551356 PMCID: PMC9774647 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
During a previous study that identified plants used in traditional medicine in Togo to treat infectious diseases, Daniellia oliveri was specifically reported to treat intertrigo and candidiasis. Consequently, to explore the anti-infective potential of this plant, we investigated the antibacterial and the antifungal activity of the plant's parts, as well as the cytotoxic activities of raw extracts and subsequent fractions, and the chemical composition of the most active fractions. In order to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, MICs were determined using the broth dilution method. Then, the most active fractions were evaluated for cytotoxicity by using normal human cells (MRC-5 cells) via the MTT assay. Finally, the most active and not toxic fractions were phytochemically investigated by GC-MS. Interestingly, all the raw extracts and fractions were active against the bacteria tested, with MICs ranging from 16 µg/mL to 256 µg/mL, while no antifungal activity was observed at 256 µg/mL, the highest tested concentration. Moreover, no toxicity was observed with most of the active fractions. The subsequent chemical investigation of the most interesting fractions led to identifying terpenes, phytosterols, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids as the main compounds. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that D. oliveri possesses valuable antibacterial activities in accordance with traditional use.
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Moghrovyan A, Parseghyan L, Sevoyan G, Darbinyan A, Sahakyan N, Gaboyan M, Karabekian Z, Voskanyan A. Antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties of Origanum vulgare essential oil, rich with β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide. Korean J Pain 2022; 35:140-151. [PMID: 35354677 PMCID: PMC8977206 DOI: 10.3344/kjp.2022.35.2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Essential oils are of great interest for their analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. We aimed to study the content of the essential oil of the Origanum vulgare of the Armenian highlands (OVA) in different periods of vegetation and to investigate its antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice (in vivo) and cytotoxic action in cultured cells (in vitro). OVA essential oil was extracted from fresh plant material by hydro-distillation. Methods For OVA essential oil contents determination the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was used. Formalin and hot plate tests and analysis of cell viability using the methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium (MTT) assay were used. Results The maximal content of β-caryophyllene and β-caryophyllene oxide in OVA essential oil was revealed in the period of blossoming (8.18% and 13.36%, correspondently). In the formalin test, 4% OVA essential oil solution (3.5 mg/mouse) exerts significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects (P = 0.003). MTT assay shows approximately 60% cytotoxicity in HeLa and Vero cells for 2.0 μL/mL OVA essential oil in media. Conclusions The wild oregano herb of Armenian highlands, harvested in the blossoming period, may be considered as a valuable source for developing pain-relieving preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armenuhi Moghrovyan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Lilya Parseghyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Gohar Sevoyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Anna Darbinyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Naira Sahakyan
- Yerevan State University, Research Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Monica Gaboyan
- Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Zaruhi Karabekian
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Armen Voskanyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, Laboratory of Physiologically Active Substances Investigations, Yerevan, Armenia
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Balansky R, La Maestra S, Kancheva VD, Trofimov AV, Djongov L, De Flora S. Clastogenic effects of cigarette smoke and urethane and their modulation by olive oil, curcumin and carotenoids in adult mice and foetuses. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 155:112383. [PMID: 34224802 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the overwhelming epidemiological evidence for cigarette smoke (CS) carcinogenicity, less attention has been paid to the effects of CS as a complex mixture. As assessed in a series of experiments in murine models, the whole-body exposure to mainstream CS induced significant increases of micronucleated cells in the respiratory tract, bone marrow and peripheral blood of adult mice as well as in the liver and peripheral blood of foetuses whose mothers had been exposed throughout pregnancy. Urethane was potently clastogenic in the same cells when injected intraperitoneally. The daily administration of extra-virgin olive oil by gavage produced evident and consistent protective effects in all monitored experimental systems. In contrast, sunflower oil exhibited some adverse effects. Curcumin did not produce any significant effect in the bone marrow of both CS-exposed adults and foetuses but it elicited a dose-dependent protective effect traceable in blood erythrocytes. However, the higher curcumin dose further increased the frequency of micronucleated pulmonary alveolar macrophages. The apparent protective effects produced by lycopene and by a carotenoid mix were overwhelmed by those produced by olive oil, and lycopene even exhibited a worsening effect on the frequency of micronucleated erythroblasts in the bone marrow of urethane-treated adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roumen Balansky
- University Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Oncology, Sofia, 1756, Bulgaria
| | | | - Vessela D Kancheva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, 1113, Bulgaria
| | - Aleksei V Trofimov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Lachezar Djongov
- University Specialized Hospital for Active Treatment in Oncology, Sofia, 1756, Bulgaria
| | - Silvio De Flora
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, 16139, Genoa, Italy.
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Poghosyan E, Sahakyan N, Petrosyan M, Batlutskaya I, Trchounian K. Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20214001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.
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Bioavailability of Tannins and Other Oligomeric Polyphenols: a Still to Be Studied Phenomenon. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40495-020-00217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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