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Camussi D, Naef V, Brogi L, Della Vecchia S, Marchese M, Nicoletti F, Santorelli FM, Licitra R. Delving into the Complexity of Valproate-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Use of Zebrafish Models. Cells 2024; 13:1349. [PMID: 39195239 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition with several identified risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic. Among these, prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been extensively associated with the development of the disorder. The zebrafish, a cost- and time-effective model, is useful for studying ASD features. Using validated VPA-induced ASD zebrafish models, we aimed to provide new insights into VPA exposure effects during embryonic development and to identify new potential biomarkers associated with ASD-like features. Dose-response analyses were performed in vivo to study larval phenotypes and mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, microglial cell status, and motor behaviour. Wild-type and transgenic Tg(mpeg1:EGFP) zebrafish were water-exposed to VPA doses (5 to 500 µM) from 6 to 120 h post-fertilisation (hpf). Embryos and larvae were monitored daily to assess survival and hatching rates, and numerous analyses and tests were conducted from 24 to 120 hpf. VPA doses higher than 50 µM worsened survival and hatching rates, while doses of 25 µM or more altered morphology, microglial status, and larval behaviours. VPA 50 µM also affected mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and neurogenesis-related genes, mitochondrial respiration, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The study confirmed that VPA alters brain homeostasis, synaptic interconnections, and neurogenesis-related signalling pathways, contributing to ASD aetiopathogenesis. Further studies are essential to identify novel ASD biomarkers for developing new drug targets and tailored therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Camussi
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Brogi
- Bio@SNS, Department of Neurosciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Neuromed, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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Piorczynski TB, Calixto J, Henry HC, England K, Cowley S, Hansen JM, Hill JT, Hansen JM. Valproic Acid Causes Redox-Regulated Post-Translational Protein Modifications That Are Dependent upon P19 Cellular Differentiation States. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:560. [PMID: 38790665 PMCID: PMC11117966 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a common anti-epileptic drug and known neurodevelopmental toxicant. Although the exact mechanism of VPA toxicity remains unknown, recent findings show that VPA disrupts redox signaling in undifferentiated cells but has little effect on fully differentiated neurons. Redox imbalances often alter oxidative post-translational protein modifications and could affect embryogenesis if developmentally critical proteins are targeted. We hypothesize that VPA causes redox-sensitive post-translational protein modifications that are dependent upon cellular differentiation states. Undifferentiated P19 cells and P19-derived neurons were treated with VPA alone or pretreated with D3T, an inducer of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) antioxidant pathway, prior to VPA exposure. Undifferentiated cells treated with VPA alone exhibited an oxidized glutathione redox couple and increased overall protein oxidation, whereas differentiated neurons were protected from protein oxidation via increased S-glutathionylation. Pretreatment with D3T prevented the effects of VPA exposure in undifferentiated cells. Taken together, our findings support redox-sensitive post-translational protein alterations in undifferentiated cells as a mechanism of VPA-induced developmental toxicity and propose NRF2 activation as a means to preserve proper neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jason M. Hansen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA; (T.B.P.); (J.C.); (H.C.H.); (K.E.); (S.C.); (J.M.H.); (J.T.H.)
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3
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Wang J, Zou L, Jiang P, Yao M, Xu Q, Hong Q, Zhu J, Chi X. Vitamin A ameliorates valproic acid-induced autism-like symptoms in developing zebrafish larvae by attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis. Neurotoxicology 2024; 101:93-101. [PMID: 38191030 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social deficits and repetitive/stereotyped behaviors. Prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been reported to induce ASD-like symptoms in human and rodents. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of ASD have not been well elucidated. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying VPA-induced ASD-like behaviors using zebrafish model and investigated whether vitamin A could prevent VPA-induced neurotoxicity. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0, 25 and 50 μM VPA from 4 to 96 h post fertilization (hpf) and the neurotoxicity was assessed. Our results showed that VPA affected the normal development of zebrafish larvae and induced ASD-like behaviors, including reduced locomotor activity, decreased distance near conspecifics, impaired social interaction and repetitive swimming behaviors. Exposure to VPA decreased the GFP signal in transgenic HuC:egfp zebrafish according to the negative effect of VPA on the expression of neurodevelopmental genes. In addition, VPA enhanced oxidative stress by promoting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and inhibiting the activity of superoxide dismutase, then triggered apoptosis by upregulation of apoptotic genes. These adverse outcomes were mitigated by vitamin A, suggesting that vitamin A rescued VPA-induced ASD-like symptoms by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Overall, this study identified vitamin A as a promising strategy for future therapeutic regulator of VPA-induced ASD-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Wang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Li Zou
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210036, PR China
| | - Peiyun Jiang
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Mengmeng Yao
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Qu Xu
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Qin Hong
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China
| | - Jiansheng Zhu
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Xia Chi
- Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), Nanjing 210004, PR China.
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Liang Y, Wang Y, Zhang X, Jin S, Guo Y, Yu Z, Xu X, Shuai Q, Feng Z, Chen B, Liang T, Ao R, Li J, Zhang J, Cao R, Zhao H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Xie J. Melatonin alleviates valproic acid-induced neural tube defects by modulating Src/PI3K/ERK signaling and oxidative stress. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:23-33. [PMID: 38062774 PMCID: PMC10875364 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) represent a developmental disorder of the nervous system that can lead to significant disability in children and impose substantial social burdens. Valproic acid (VPA), a widely prescribed first-line antiepileptic drug for epilepsy and various neurological conditions, has been associated with a 4-fold increase in the risk of NTDs when used during pregnancy. Consequently, urgent efforts are required to identify innovative prevention and treatment approaches for VPA-induced NTDs. Studies have demonstrated that the disruption in the delicate balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis is a crucial factor contributing to NTDs induced by VPA. Encouragingly, our current data reveal that melatonin (MT) significantly inhibits apoptosis while promoting the restoration of neuroepithelial cell proliferation impaired by VPA. Moreover, further investigations demonstrate that MT substantially reduces the incidence of neural tube malformations resulted from VPA exposure, primarily by suppressing apoptosis through the modulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species levels. In addition, the Src/PI3K/ERK signaling pathway appears to play a pivotal role in VPA-induced NTDs, with significant inhibition observed in the affected samples. Notably, MT treatment successfully reinstates Src/PI3K/ERK signaling, thereby offering a potential underlying mechanism for the protective effects of MT against VPA-induced NTDs. In summary, our current study substantiates the considerable protective potential of MT in mitigating VPA-triggered NTDs, thereby offering valuable strategies for the clinical management of VPA-related birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- School of PharmacyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Shanshan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Yuqian Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhaowei Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
- School of PharmacyShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Xinrui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zihan Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Binghong Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ting Liang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Ruifang Ao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Jianting Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhaoyang Chen
- Experimental Animal Center of Shanxi Medical UniversityShanxi Key Laboratory of Human Disease and Animal ModelsTaiyuan030001China
| | - Zhizhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyShanxi Key Laboratory of Birth Defect and Cell RegenerationMOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and PreventionShanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan030001China
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Ornoy A, Echefu B, Becker M. Valproic Acid in Pregnancy Revisited: Neurobehavioral, Biochemical and Molecular Changes Affecting the Embryo and Fetus in Humans and in Animals: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:390. [PMID: 38203562 PMCID: PMC10779436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a very effective anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer with relatively few side effects. Being an epigenetic modulator, it undergoes clinical trials for the treatment of advanced prostatic and breast cancer. However, in pregnancy, it seems to be the most teratogenic antiepileptic drug. Among the proven effects are congenital malformations in about 10%. The more common congenital malformations are neural tube defects, cardiac anomalies, urogenital malformations including hypospadias, skeletal malformations and orofacial clefts. These effects are dose related; daily doses below 600 mg have a limited teratogenic potential. VPA, when added to other anti-seizure medications, increases the malformations rate. It induces malformations even when taken for indications other than epilepsy, adding to the data that epilepsy is not responsible for the teratogenic effects. VPA increases the rate of neurodevelopmental problems causing reduced cognitive abilities and language impairment. It also increases the prevalence of specific neurodevelopmental syndromes like autism (ASD) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). High doses of folic acid administered prior to and during pregnancy might alleviate some of the teratogenic effect of VPA and other AEDs. Several teratogenic mechanisms are proposed for VPA, but the most important mechanisms seem to be its effects on the metabolism of folate, SAMe and histones, thus affecting DNA methylation. VPA crosses the human placenta and was found at higher concentrations in fetal blood. Its concentrations in milk are low, therefore nursing is permitted. Animal studies generally recapitulate human data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Ornoy
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (B.E.); (M.B.)
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Boniface Echefu
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (B.E.); (M.B.)
| | - Maria Becker
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Teratology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel; (B.E.); (M.B.)
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Benotmane MA, Trott KR. Epidemiological and experimental evidence for radiation-induced health effects in the progeny after exposure in utero. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:1264-1275. [PMID: 38079348 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been known for many decades that radiation exposure of the developing embryo or fetus may cause two fundamentally different types of severe health effects: on the one hand, radiation may interfere with the normal intrauterine development, on the other hand, radiation may induce leukemia and cancer which become manifest in childhood. A large amount of epidemiological and experimental data has recently been presented which might be used to improve our understanding of underlying mechanisms and setting radiation protection standards. Yet, ecological studies in the populations exposed to increased levels of radiation in regions contaminated by radioactivity released from reactor accidents (Chernobyl, Fukushima) do not provide solid evidence which would contribute to this aim. On the other hand, well designed experimental studies demonstrated the multifactorial mechanisms which lead to different health effects after radiation exposure in utero. CONCLUSION There is no convincing evidence, neither from epidemiological nor experimental data of the existence of a dose threshold for developmental defects after radiation exposure in utero. This must be taken into account in the revision of rules and regulations of radiation protection in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaus Ruediger Trott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Aljarboa AS, Alhusaini AM, Sarawi WS, Mohammed R, Ali RA, Hasan IH. The implication of LPS/TLR4 and FXR receptors in hepatoprotective efficacy of indole-3-acetic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. Life Sci 2023; 334:122182. [PMID: 37863258 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM Valproic acid (VPA) belongs to the first-generation antiepileptic drugs, yet its prolonged use can cause life-threatening liver damage. The importance of our study is to investigate the protective effect of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and their combination on VPA-induced liver injury focusing on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). METHODS Thirty rats were randomly assigned into five groups, normal control group, VPA group received 500 mg/kg of VPA intraperitoneally. The remaining groups were orally treated with either 40 mg/kg of IAA, 90 mg/kg of CDCA, or a combination of both, along with VPA. All treatments were administered one hour after the administration of VPA for three weeks. KEY FINDINGS VPA group showed significant elevations in the liver weight/body weight ratio, serum aminotransferases, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. Hepatic glutathione (GSH) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly decreased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and caspase 3 were significantly increased. Likewise, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that TLR4 expression was elevated, whereas FXR expression was downregulated in hepatocytes. IAA substantially ameliorated all previously altered parameters, whereas CDCA treatment showed a partial improvement compared to IAA. Surprisingly, combination therapy of IAA with CDCA showed an additive effect only in the hepatic expression of TLR4 and FXR proteins. SIGNIFICANCE IAA could be a promising protective agent against VPA-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad S Aljarboa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahlam M Alhusaini
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wedad S Sarawi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raeesa Mohammed
- Department of Histology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rehab A Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iman H Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia.
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HDAC Inhibition with Valproate Improves Direct Cytotoxicity of Monocytes against Mesothelioma Tumor Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092164. [PMID: 35565292 PMCID: PMC9100202 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumor-associated macrophages and monocyte myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells are associated with bad prognosis in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This study shows that peripheral blood monocytes can, nevertheless, be cytotoxic for MPM tumor cells. This cytotoxic activity that involves direct cell-to-cell contact can be improved with a lysine deacetylase inhibitor (VPA), opening new prospects for further improvement of still unsatisfactory MPM therapies. Abstract The composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) mediates the outcome of chemo- and immunotherapies in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and monocyte myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells (M-MDSCs) constitute a major fraction of the TME. As central cells of the innate immune system, monocytes exert well-characterized functions of phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of monocytes to exert a direct cytotoxicity by cell-to-cell contact with MPM cells. The experimental model is based on cocultures between human blood-derived monocytes sorted by negative selection and mesothelioma cell lines. Data show (i) that blood-derived human monocytes induce tumor cell death by direct cell-to-cell contact, (ii) that VPA is a pharmacological enhancer of this cytotoxic activity, (iii) that VPA increases monocyte migration and their aggregation with MPM cells, and (iv) that the molecular mechanisms behind VPA modulation of monocytes involve a downregulation of the membrane receptors associated with the M2 phenotype, i.e., CD163, CD206, and CD209. These conclusions, thus, broaden our understanding about the molecular mechanisms involved in immunosurveillance of the tumor microenvironment and open new prospects for further improvement of still unsatisfactory MPM therapies
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