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Pedro SN, Mendes MSM, Neves BM, Almeida IF, Costa P, Correia-Sá I, Vilela C, Freire MG, Silvestre AJD, Freire CSR. Deep Eutectic Solvent Formulations and Alginate-Based Hydrogels as a New Partnership for the Transdermal Administration of Anti-Inflammatory Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14040827. [PMID: 35456661 PMCID: PMC9031671 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transdermal administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is a valuable and safer alternative to their oral intake. However, most of these drugs display low water solubility, which makes their incorporation into hydrophilic biopolymeric drug-delivery systems difficult. To overcome this drawback, aqueous solutions of bio-based deep eutectic solvents (DES) were investigated to enhance the solubility of ibuprofen, a widely used NSAID, leading to an increase in its solubility of up to 7917-fold when compared to its water solubility. These DES solutions were shown to be non-toxic to macrophages with cell viabilities of 97.4% (at ibuprofen concentrations of 0.25 mM), while preserving the anti-inflammatory action of the drug. Their incorporation into alginate-based hydrogels resulted in materials with a regular structure and higher flexibility. These hydrogels present a sustained release of the drug, which is able, when containing the DES aqueous solution comprising ibuprofen, to deliver 93.5% of the drug after 8 h in PBS. Furthermore, these hydrogels were able to improve the drug permeation across human skin by 8.5-fold in comparison with the hydrogel counterpart containing only ibuprofen. This work highlights the possibility to remarkably improve the transdermal administration of NSAIDs by combining new drug formulations based on DES and biopolymeric drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia N. Pedro
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Maria S. M. Mendes
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Bruno M. Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine-iBiMED, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal;
| | - Isabel Filipa Almeida
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.A.); (P.C.)
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Costa
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (I.F.A.); (P.C.)
- UCIBIO, Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Inês Correia-Sá
- Department of Plastic, Aesthetic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar de S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carla Vilela
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Mara G. Freire
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (C.S.R.F.)
| | - Armando J. D. Silvestre
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
| | - Carmen S. R. Freire
- Department of Chemistry and CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (S.N.P.); (M.S.M.M.); (C.V.); (A.J.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.G.F.); (C.S.R.F.)
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Djekic L, Martinovic M, Stepanović-Petrović R, Micov A, Tomić M, Primorac M. Formulation of hydrogel-thickened nonionic microemulsions with enhanced percutaneous delivery of ibuprofen assessed in vivo in rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 92:255-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Optimization of skin permeation and distribution of ibuprofen by using nanostructures (coagels) based on alkyl vitamin C derivatives. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2010; 76:443-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2009] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sapra B, Jain S, Tiwary AK. Percutaneous permeation enhancement by terpenes: mechanistic view. AAPS J 2008; 10:120-32. [PMID: 18446512 PMCID: PMC2751457 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-008-9012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A popular approach for improving transdermal drug delivery involves the use of penetration enhancers (sorption promoters or accelerants) which penetrate into skin to reversibly reduce the barrier resistance. The potential mechanisms of action of penetration enhancers include disruption of intercellular lipid and/or keratin domains and tight junctions. This results in enhanced drug partitioning into tissue, altered thermodynamic activity/solubility of drug etc. Synthetic chemicals (solvents, azones, pyrrolidones, surfactants etc.) generally used for this purpose are rapidly losing their value in transdermal patches due to reports of their absorption into the systemic circulation and subsequent possible toxic effect upon long term application. Terpenes are included in the list of Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) substances and have low irritancy potential. Their mechanism of percutaneous permeation enhancement involves increasing the solubility of drugs in skin lipids, disruption of lipid/protein organization and/or extraction of skin micro constituents that are responsible for maintenance of barrier status. Hence, they appear to offer great promise for use in transdermal formulations. This article is aimed at reviewing the mechanisms responsible for percutaneous permeation enhancement activity of terpenes, which shall foster their rational use in transdermal formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharti Sapra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 India
| | - Subheet Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 India
| | - A. K. Tiwary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, 147002 India
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