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Kissmer N, Morris D. Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding cervical collars in adult trauma patients amongst practitioners at three hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Afr J Emerg Med 2023; 13:241-244. [PMID: 37753240 PMCID: PMC10518319 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of cervical collars in adult patients with possible injuries to the cervical spine has been an accepted standard of care for many years, despite the absence of evidence for the efficacy of these devices in preventing unwanted movement and harm. Changes to the terminology and recommendations of major trauma guidelines have been made but are limited by low quality evidence. In this context, little is known about what practitioners know, believe, and do, when managing the cervical spine of trauma patients. Methods In this quantitative, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional survey a specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect data on the knowledge, attitude, and practices of practitioners managing adult trauma patients regarding cervical collars at three hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Results A total of 128 completed questionnaires were collected, captured, and analysed. Participants with the additional qualification of ATLS and DipPEC had a mean knowledge score of 8.1 (SD=1.70), compared to those with no additional qualification of 4.5 (SD=1.9) (p<0.001). Participants in the Emergency Department (ED) attained a mean knowledge score of 7.1 (SD=2.2) followed by Surgery (Mean=6, SD=2.0), Orthopaedics (Mean=5.5, SD=1.7) and ICU/Anaesthetics (Mean=4.4, SD=1.8), p<0.001. Head blocks only were most frequently used by 97.4 % of ED, 55.6 % of Surgery, 3.8 % Orthopaedic and 22.2 % ICU/Anaesthetics participants (p<0.001). Conclusion The knowledge of management principles of cervical spine injuries was influenced by the department in which practitioners worked, the frequency that they managed patients with suspected injuries and additional courses. Head blocks were the most frequently used spinal protection device in all three hospitals. Most participants would be open to a change in practice if new guidelines were recommended. Further research is needed to determine the optimal management of patients with suspected cervical spine injuries and the role of motion restriction devices in limiting movement of the injured spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Kissmer
- Emergency Department, Harry Gwala Regional Hospital, Plessislaer, South Africa
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - David Morris
- Emergency Department, Harry Gwala Regional Hospital, Plessislaer, South Africa
- Division of Emergency Medicine, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Mugisa R, Kironde EL, Mwaka ES. Quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries: a cross-sectional study at a tertiary hospital in Uganda. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:521-533. [PMID: 38357147 PMCID: PMC10862569 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i3.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The study aimed to assess the perceived quality of life of patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries. Methodology This was a cross sectional study conducted in the Spine Unit of a tertiary hospital in Uganda. The study population comprised of patients with spinal cord injuries. Data were collected using the WHO Quality of Life Brief questionnaire and Functional Independence Measure tool. Results 103 patients participated in the study, most were male (73.8%), and had a mean age of 37.7 years. Most participants were married (57.3%), unemployed (72.8%) and had no steady source of income (62.1%). Road traffic accidents accounted for most injuries (59.2%). The mean duration since injury was 20.5 months. Most participants (58.3%) had incomplete spinal cord injuries and 84.5% had complications. The perceived overall quality of life was poor in 87.4% of patients. Being employed (p= 0.02), the presence of complications (p= 0.03), and injury severity (p= 0.003) significantly affected quality of life. Functional independent measure scores were significantly better in individuals less severe injuries and those with lumbar level of injury with mean scores of 113.1±8.9 and 99.9±15.3 respectively. Conclusion The overall self-reported quality of life among patients with traumatic spinal cord injury was generally poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogers Mugisa
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Health Sciences Makerere University, Kampala
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Alves MA, Pilusa S, Mashola MK. The prevalence and profile of spinal cord injury in public healthcare rehabilitation units in Gauteng, South Africa. Spinal Cord Ser Cases 2023; 9:15. [PMID: 37055403 PMCID: PMC10102299 DOI: 10.1038/s41394-023-00571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence and describe the profile of person with SCI (PWSCI) admitted in the public healthcare sector in Gauteng, South Africa. SETTING Specialized public healthcare rehabilitation units in Gauteng, South Africa. METHODS Medical records of PWSCI admitted to public healthcare rehabilitation units between 01 January 2018 and 31 December 2019 were perused. Data were collected anonymously and then summarised using descriptive and inferential statistics. Significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS 386 of 998 participants (38.7%) were admitted following SCI and the mean age was 36.9 years. Most participants were male (69.9%), with females significantly more likely to sustain a NTSCI (p < 0.001), which was the least common cause of SCI (34.9%). Those sustaining a TSCI were found to be significantly younger than their NTSCI counterparts (p < 0.001). Assault was the leading cause of injury (35.2%), and a positive HIV status with the presence of comorbidities were found to be significant risk factors for developing a NTSCI (p < 0.001). Most injuries were between T7-T12 (39.9%) and were complete (56.9%). The rehabilitation length of stay 85.6 days, with a mortality rate of 6.48%. CONCLUSIONS Gauteng has among the highest global proportion of TSCI due to assault. Of interest, more females sustained a NTSCI than their male counterparts. There is a need to strengthen SCI prevention strategies, particularly targeting assault in young males and infectious causes in females and older populations. Further epidemiological and outcomes-based research is required for PWSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Alexandre Alves
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sonti Pilusa
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mokgadi Kholofelo Mashola
- Department of Physiotherapy, School of Therapeutic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury worldwide: A systematic review, data integration, and update. World Neurosurg X 2023; 18:100171. [PMID: 36910686 PMCID: PMC9996445 DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2023.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This review was designed to update our earlier systematic review which evaluated both published and unpublished evidence on the incidence of traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) worldwide. Methods We used various search methods including strategic searching, reference checking, searching for grey literature, contacting registries, authors, and organizations requesting unpublished data, browsing related websites, and hand searching key journals. The quality of included studies was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Records published between April 2013 and May 2020 were added to the original systematic review. Results Overall, 58 resources including 45 papers, 10 SCI registry reports, 1 book, and 2 theses were retrieved. We found TSCI incidence data for eight new countries, which overall shapes our knowledge of TSCI incidence for 49 countries. The incidence of TSCI ranges from 3.3 to 195.4 cases per million (cpm) based on subnational studies and from 5.1 to 150.48 cpm based on national studies. Most of the studies were low quality, lacked consistent case selection due to unclear definition of TSCI and unclear ascertainment methods. Conclusions There is an increasing number of publications in the literature focusing on the epidemiologic data of TSCI. The absence of a standard form of reporting TSCI hinders the comparability of data across different data sources. Use of various definitions for TSCI may lead to heterogeneity in reports. Use of sensitivity analyses based on reasonable classification criteria can aid in offering a uniform set of case identification and ascertainment criteria for TSCI.
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Key Words
- AMR, American region
- ASCIR, Australian Spinal Cord Injury Register
- CPM, Cases Per Million
- CoCoPop, Condition, Context, and Population
- EMR, Eastern Mediterranean region
- EUR, European Region
- Epidemiology
- ICD, International Codes of Disease
- ISCoS, International Spinal Cord Society
- InSCI, The International Spinal Cord Injury
- Incidence
- JBI, Joanna Briggs Institute
- PHM, Prehospital mortality
- PICO, Population, Intervention, Comparator, and Outcome
- SEAR, South East Asia Region
- Spinal cord injury
- SwiSCI, Swiss Spinal Cord Injury
- TSCI, Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
- TSI, Traumatic spinal injuries
- WPR, Western Pacific Region
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Buys E, Nadasan T, Pefile N, Ogunlana MO, Naidoo D. Clinical and socio-demographic determinants of community reintegration in people with spinal cord injury in eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1631. [PMID: 35747514 PMCID: PMC9210146 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community reintegration is a major outcome of rehabilitation after the acute phase in people with spinal cord injury (PWSCI). Objective To investigated clinical and socio-demographic factors determining community participation in PWSCI, living in the greater eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal province. Method Our quantitative, cross-sectional study had a convenient sample of 41 PWSCI. A trained interviewer obtained socio-demographic information using a structured questionnaire. Participants completed the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). Descriptive statistics were used in summarising the data; inferential statistics, -a t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) assessed the association of clinical and socio-demographic factors with the extent of community reintegration. A multiple linear regression investigated the determinants of community reintegration with the alpha level set at p = 0.05. Results Mean age of the participants was 41 years (s.d.: 10, range 25–66), with the majority (n = 32, 78%) being male. The mean RNLI score was 68% (s.d.: 22, range 24–100). Participants scored higher on the RNLI if they were male (mean difference [MD] 18%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2–34), were employed (MD 16%, 95% CI: 0–32), had a salary (MD 19%, 95% CI: 5–32) and had no muscle spasms (MD 14%, 95% CI: 1–27. Muscle spasms (p = 0.012, 95% CI: 3.85–29.05) and being female PWSCI (p = 0.010, 95% CI: −35.75 to −5.18) were significant negative predictors of community reintegration. Conclusion Community reintegration may be influenced by socio-economic factors. Special interventions for muscle spasms and support for women living with spinal cord injuries may enhance community reintegration. Clinical implication Therapists need to focus on community reintegration with female PWSCI and on returning to PWSCI to work as this was improved community reintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thayananthee Nadasan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ntsikelelo Pefile
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Michael O. Ogunlana
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Deshini Naidoo
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Nizeyimana E, Joseph C, Phillips J. Quality of life after traumatic spinal cord injury in a developing context: the influence of contextual factors and injury characteristics. Disabil Rehabil 2022; 44:2020-2026. [DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1827051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Nizeyimana
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Conran Joseph
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joliana Phillips
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Golestani A, Shobeiri P, Sadeghi-Naini M, Jazayeri SB, Maroufi SF, Ghodsi Z, Dabbagh Ohadi MA, Mohammadi E, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Ghodsi SM. Epidemiology of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Developing Countries from 2009 to 2020: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Neuroepidemiology 2022; 56:219-239. [PMID: 35512643 DOI: 10.1159/000524867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) is a catastrophic event with a considerable health and economic burden on individuals and countries. This study was performed to update an earlier systematic review and meta-analysis on epidemiological properties of TSCI in developing countries published in 2013. METHODS Various search methods including online searching in database of EMBASE and PubMed, and hand searching were performed (2012 to May 2020). The keywords 'Spinal cord injury', 'epidemiology', 'incidence' and 'prevalence' were used. Based on definition of developing countries by International Monetary Fund, studies related to developing countries included. Data selection was according to PRISMA guidelines. The quality of included studies was evaluated by Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools. Results of meta-analysis were presented as pooled frequency, and forest, funnel and drapery plots. RESULTS we identified 47 studies from 23 developing countries. The pooled incidence of TSCI in developing countries was 22.55/million/year (95% CI: 13.52; 37.62/million/year). Males comprised 80.09% (95% CI: 78.29%; 81.83%) of TSCIs, and under 30 years patients were the most affected age group. Two leading etiologies of TSCIs were motor vehicle crashes (43.18% (95% CI: 37.80%; 48.63%)), and falls (34.24% (95% CI: 29.08%; 39.59%)), respectively. The difference among the frequency of complete injury (49.47% (95% CI: 43.11%; 55.84%)), and incomplete injury (50.53% (95% CI: 44.16%; 56.89%)) was insignificant. The difference among frequency of tetraplegia (46.25% (95% CI: 37.78%; 54.83%)) and paraplegia (53.75% (95% CI: 45.17%; 62.22%)) was not statistically significant. The most prevalent level of TSCI was cervical injury (43.42% (95% CI: 37.38%; 49.55%). CONCLUSION In developing countries, TSCIs are more common in young adults and males. Motor vehicle crashes and falls are the main etiologies. Understanding epidemiological characteristics of TSCIs could lead to implant appropriate cost-effective preventive strategies to decrease TSCIs incidence and burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Golestani
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Shobeiri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Sadeghi-Naini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khoram-abad, Iran
| | - Seyed Behnam Jazayeri
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Farzad Maroufi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Ghodsi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Dabbagh Ohadi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mohammadi
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Spine Program, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seyed Mohammad Ghodsi
- Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Mashola MK, Korkie E, Mothabeng DJ. The presence of pain in community-dwelling South African manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOTHERAPY 2022; 78:1600. [PMID: 35281780 PMCID: PMC8905372 DOI: 10.4102/sajp.v78i1.1600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common and is likely to continue throughout life with varying levels of severity. Objective To determine the presence of pain, the sociodemographic and injury profile of community-dwelling manual wheelchair users. Method This quantitative correlational study used a sociodemographic and injury profile sheet and the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire to document demographic, SCI profiles as well as pain characteristics. Pain severity was determined using the Numeric Rating Scale. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v27 at 0.05 level of significance. Results The pain rate was 104; 85% of 122 participants and mainly in those with complete SCI (77.9%). Neuropathic pain was more common (76; 62.5%) and significantly associated (p < 0.05) with higher pain severity. Pain was mainly in one area of the body (59; 48.4%) but occurring in up to five areas. The most painful area had a mean severity of 6.7/10; was more common in the lower limbs below the injury level (48; 39.4%); and was burning in nature (40; 32.7%). Conclusions Pain after SCI is as problematic in the South African context as it is globally. With the rising SCI prevalence in the country, understanding pain and its presentation is important for holistic management of a person with SCI. Clinical implications In-depth assessment of pain should be conducted and appropriate management interventions for specific pain types be prescribed to effectively reduce pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokgadi K Mashola
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elzette Korkie
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Diphale J Mothabeng
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Samiee F, Naghavi A. Vocational rehabilitation resources from the perspective of people with spinal cord injury and service providers. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-211146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vocational rehabilitation for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) in Iran as one of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa region is under-studied. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to explore the perspective of people with SCI and service providers about vocational rehabilitation challenges. METHODS: We used an ethnographic methodology to collect data. Observation (2018 –2020) and semi-structured interviews with 21 persons with SCI and 11 service providers were the data collection methods, and a thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Results demonstrate that career self-knowledge (knowledge about capabilities, aspirations, and interests) and career knowledge (the importance of career exploration, vocational support and job characteristics) were the main two vocational rehabilitation resources. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge (about the self and careers) is the main resource mentioned by the participants regarding the vocational rehabilitation. Implications for professionals and policy makers are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Samiee
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azam Naghavi
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Wang ZM, Zou P, Yang JS, Liu TT, Song LL, Lu Y, Guo H, Zhao YT, Liu TJ, Hao DJ. Epidemiological characteristics of spinal cord injury in Northwest China: a single hospital-based study. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:214. [PMID: 32517761 PMCID: PMC7285705 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01729-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While the cities in China in which spinal cord injury (SCI) studies have been conducted previously are at the forefront of medical care, northwest China is relatively underdeveloped economically, and the epidemiological characteristics of SCI have rarely been reported in this region. Methods The SCI epidemiological survey software developed was used to analyze the data of patients treated with SCI from 2014 to 2018. The sociodemographic characteristics of patients, including name, age, sex, and occupation, were recorded. The following medical record data, obtained from physical and radiographic examinations, were included in the study: data on the cause of injury, fracture location, associated injuries, and level of injury. Neurological function was evaluated using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) impairment scale. In addition, the treatment and complications during hospitalization were documented. Results A total of 3487 patients with SCI with a mean age of 39.5 ± 11.2 years were identified in this study, and the male to female ratio was 2.57:1. The primary cause of SCI was falls (low falls 47.75%, high falls 37.31%), followed by traffic accidents (8.98%), and impact with falling objects (4.39%). Of all patients, 1786 patients (51.22%) had complications and other injuries. According to the ASIA impairment scale, the numbers of grade A, B, C, and D injuries were 747 (21.42%), 688 (19.73%), 618 (17.72%), and 1434 (41.12%), respectively. During the hospitalization period, a total of 1341 patients experienced complications, with a percentage of 38.46%. Among all complications, pulmonary infection was the most common (437, 32.59%), followed by hyponatremia (326, 24.31%), bedsores (219, 16.33%), urinary tract infection (168, 12.53%), deep venous thrombosis (157, 11.71%), and others (34, 2.53%). Notably, among 3487 patients with SCI, only 528 patients (15.14%) received long-term rehabilitation treatment. Conclusion The incidence of SCI in northwest China was on the rise with higher proportion in males; fall and the MCVs were the primary causes of SCI. The occupations most threatened by SCI are farmers and workers. The investigation and analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of SCI in respiratory complications are important factors leading to death after SCI, especially when the SCI occurs in the cervical spinal cord. Finally, the significance of SCI rehabilitation should be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Meng Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.,Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jun-Song Yang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Ting-Ting Liu
- Department of Pediatric, Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | | | - Yao Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan-Ting Zhao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tuan-Jiang Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ding-Jun Hao
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, Nanguo Road, Beilin District, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China.
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