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Micheli L, D'Andrea G, Creanza TM, Volpe D, Ancona N, Scardigli R, Tirone F. Transcriptome analysis reveals genes associated with stem cell activation by physical exercise in the dentate gyrus of aged p16Ink4a knockout mice. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270892. [PMID: 37928906 PMCID: PMC10621069 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout adulthood neural stem cells divide in neurogenic niches-the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the subventricular zone-producing progenitor cells and new neurons. Stem cells self-renew, thus preserving their pool. Furthermore, the number of stem/progenitor cells in the neurogenic niches decreases with age. We have previously demonstrated that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p16Ink4a maintains, in aged mice, the pool of dentate gyrus stem cells by preventing their activation after a neurogenic stimulus such as exercise (running). We showed that, although p16Ink4a ablation by itself does not activate stem/progenitor cells, exercise strongly induced stem cell proliferation in p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus, but not in wild-type. As p16Ink4a regulates stem cell self-renewal during aging, we sought to profile the dentate gyrus transcriptome from p16Ink4a wild-type and knockout aged mice, either sedentary or running for 12 days. By pairwise comparisons of differentially expressed genes and by correlative analyses through the DESeq2 software, we identified genes regulated by p16Ink4a deletion, either without stimulus (running) added, or following running. The p16Ink4a knockout basic gene signature, i.e., in sedentary mice, involves upregulation of apoptotic, neuroinflammation- and synaptic activity-associated genes, suggesting a reactive cellular state. Conversely, another set of 106 genes we identified, whose differential expression specifically reflects the pattern of proliferative response of p16 knockout stem cells to running, are involved in processes that regulate stem cell activation, such as synaptic function, neurotransmitter metabolism, stem cell proliferation control, and reactive oxygen species level regulation. Moreover, we analyzed the regulation of these stem cell-specific genes after a second running stimulus. Surprisingly, the second running neither activated stem cell proliferation in the p16Ink4a knockout dentate gyrus nor changed the expression of these genes, confirming that they are correlated to the stem cell reactivity to stimulus, a process where they may play a role regulating stem cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Micheli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio D'Andrea
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Maria Creanza
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel Volpe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Ancona
- CNR-Institute of Intelligent Industrial Technologies and Systems for Advanced Manufacturing, Bari, Italy
| | - Raffaella Scardigli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Tirone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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Sun C, Shen Y, Liu P, Shen Y, Hu Y, Li P, Zhang Y, Miao F, Zhang J. NLRC5 Deficiency Reduces LPS-Induced Microglial Activation via Inhibition of NF-κB Signaling and Ameliorates Mice's Depressive-like Behavior. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13265. [PMID: 37686068 PMCID: PMC10487775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are believed to be the key immune effectors of the central immune microenvironment, and their dysregulation is associated with neuroinflammation and mood disorders. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain-containing five (NLRC5) is a new member of the Nod-like receptor family. Recently, NLRC5 has been reported to be expressed by microglia. Nonetheless, the exact roles of NLRC5 in microglial activation and its function in depression have not been investigated yet. Herein, we found that reducing NLRC5 decreased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in primary cultured microglia and microglial cell lines but not in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). In more detail, reducing NLRC5 diminished the secretion of LPS-induced cytokines by attenuating IKKα/β phosphorylation and inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Moreover, the expression of Nlrc5 in the hippocampus of LPS- or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced depressive mice was increased. In line with the in vitro findings, Nlrc5 deficiency inhibited microglial activation in the mouse hippocampus and improved LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive-like behaviors. In summary, we demonstrated the critical role of NLRC5 in LPS-induced microglial activation and LPS- or CUMS-induced depressive mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Piaopiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Ying Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (C.S.); (Y.S.); (Y.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (P.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.H.); (P.L.); (F.M.)
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Liu Z, Shen C, Li H, Tong J, Wu Y, Ma Y, Wang J, Wang Z, Li Q, Zhang X, Dong H, Yang Y, Yu M, Wang J, Zhou R, Fei J, Huang F. NOD-like receptor NLRC5 promotes neuroinflammation and inhibits neuronal survival in Parkinson's disease models. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:96. [PMID: 37072793 PMCID: PMC10111753 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02755-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is mainly characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and neuroinflammation mediated by overactivated microglia and astrocytes. NLRC5 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family caspase recruitment domain containing 5) has been reported to participate in various immune disorders, but its role in neurodegenerative diseases remains unclear. In the current study, we found that the expression of NLRC5 was increased in the nigrostriatal axis of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride (MPTP)-induced PD, as well as in primary astrocytes, microglia and neurons exposed to different neurotoxic stimuli. In an acute MPTP-induced PD model, NLRC5 deficiency significantly reduced dopaminergic system degeneration and ameliorated motor deficits and striatal inflammation. Furthermore, we found that NLRC5 deficiency decreased the expression of the proinflammatory genes IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and COX2 in primary microglia and primary astrocytes treated with neuroinflammatory stimuli and reduced the inflammatory response in mixed glial cells in response to LPS treatment. Moreover, NLRC5 deficiency suppressed activation of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways and enhanced the activation of AKT-GSK-3β and AMPK signaling in mixed glial cells. Furthermore, NLRC5 deficiency increased the survival of primary neurons treated with MPP+ or conditioned medium from LPS-stimulated mixed glial cells and promoted activation of the NF-κB and AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, the mRNA expression of NLRC5 was decreased in the blood of PD patients compared to healthy subjects. Therefore, we suggest that NLRC5 promotes neuroinflammation and dopaminergic degeneration in PD and may serve as a marker of glial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Liu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chenye Shen
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiabin Tong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufei Wu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zishan Wang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yufang Yang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Renyuan Zhou
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jian Fei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Model Organisms, Shanghai Model Organisms Center, INC., Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai; State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Hu Y, Shen Y, Wu X, Ba R, Xu H, Lu K, Shao Y, Sun C, Zhang Y, Miao F, Shen Y, Zhang J. Expression pattern of NLRC5 in the postnatal mouse brain. Acta Histochem 2022; 124:151939. [PMID: 35952483 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), belonging to a large family of pattern recognition receptors, participate in the host's first line of defense against invading pathogens. Caspase recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5), the largest member in the NLR family, is demonstrated to be involved in the innate immune response and inflammatory diseases far and wide. Recent studies report that NLRC5 is associated with some central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Besides, NLRC5 is a mastery regulator for the expression of MHC class I both in the immune system and the CNS, while MHC class I is expressed and exerts its function in the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the expression pattern of NLRC5 in the developing and adult CNS. In our study, postnatal brain sections of C57BL/6 J mice are analyzed for the expression of NLRC5 protein by immunofluorescence. In the postnatal stages of developing telencephalon, NLRC5 exhibits a spatial and temporal expression pattern. NLRC5 is time-specifically expressed in subfields of hippocampus and different layers of prefrontal cortex. Moreover, it is shown that NLRC5 is highly cell type specific. It can be expressed in large quantities by neurons and microglia, but rarely expressed by astrocytes. Taken together, our research is important for further understanding the biological characteristics of NLRC5 and its function in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Hu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ru Ba
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Keze Lu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengqin Miao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuqing Shen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Sadrkhanloo M, Entezari M, Orouei S, Zabolian A, Mirzaie A, Maghsoudloo A, Raesi R, Asadi N, Hashemi M, Zarrabi A, Khan H, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. Targeting Nrf2 in ischemia-reperfusion alleviation: From signaling networks to therapeutic targeting. Life Sci 2022; 300:120561. [PMID: 35460707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of redox balance and it responds to various cell stresses that oxidative stress is the most well-known one. The Nrf2 should undergo nuclear translocation to exert its protective impacts and decrease ROS production. On the other hand, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological event resulting from low blood flow to an organ and followed by reperfusion. The I/R induces cell injury and organ dysfunction. The present review focuses on Nrf2 function in alleviation of I/R injury. Stimulating of Nrf2 signaling ameliorates I/R injury in various organs including lung, liver, brain, testis and heart. The Nrf2 enhances activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce ROS production and prevent oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Besides, Nrf2 reduces inflammation via decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Nrf2 signaling is beneficial in preventing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Nrf2 induces autophagy to prevent apoptosis during I/R injury. Furthermore, it can interact with other molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, miRNAs, lncRNAs and GSK-3β among others, to ameliorate I/R injury. The therapeutic agents, most of them are phytochemicals such as resveratrol, berberine and curcumin, induce Nrf2 signaling in I/R injury alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Resident of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Amirreza Mirzaie
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amin Maghsoudloo
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Li P, Chang M. Roles of PRR-Mediated Signaling Pathways in the Regulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147688. [PMID: 34299310 PMCID: PMC8306625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory diseases. Accumulating evidence has shown that oxidative stress is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous reviews have highlighted inflammatory signaling pathways, biomarkers, molecular targets, and pathogenetic functions mediated by oxidative stress in various diseases. The inflammatory signaling cascades are initiated through the recognition of host cell-derived damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and microorganism-derived pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). In this review, the effects of PRRs from the Toll-like (TLRs), the retinoic acid-induced gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and the NOD-like (NLRs) families, and the activation of these signaling pathways in regulating the production of ROS and/or oxidative stress are summarized. Furthermore, important directions for future studies, especially for pathogen-induced signaling pathways through oxidative stress are also reviewed. The present review will highlight potential therapeutic strategies relevant to inflammatory diseases based on the correlations between ROS regulation and PRRs-mediated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
| | - Mingxian Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Disease Control, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-027-6878-0760
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Zhang L, Jiao C, Liu L, Wang A, Tang L, Ren Y, Huang P, Xu J, Mao D, Liu L. NLRC5: A Potential Target for Central Nervous System Disorders. Front Immunol 2021; 12:704989. [PMID: 34220868 PMCID: PMC8250149 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), a class of pattern recognition receptors, participate in the host’s first line of defense against invading pathogenic microorganisms. NLR family caspase recruitment domain containing 5 (NLRC5) is the largest member of the NLR family and has been shown to play an important role in inflammatory processes, angiogenesis, immunity, and apoptosis by regulating the nuclear factor-κB, type I interferon, and inflammasome signaling pathways, as well as the expression of major histocompatibility complex I genes. Recent studies have found that NLRC5 is also associated with neuronal development and central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as CNS infection, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, glioma, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. This review summarizes the research progress in the structure, expression, and biological characteristics of NLRC5 and its relationship with the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cui Jiao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lingjuan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Aiping Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Ren
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingan Mao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Liqun Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Children's Brain Development and Brain Injury Research Office, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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8
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Liu XS, Bai XL, Wang ZX, Xu SY, Ma Y, Wang ZN. Nrf2 mediates the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane preconditioning in cortical neuron injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:1163-1172. [PMID: 33508982 DOI: 10.1177/0960327121989416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury. METHODS Primary mouse cortical neurons were divided into Control, ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor), Iso, Iso + ML385, OGD, ML385 + OGD, Iso + OGD, and Iso + ML385 + OGD groups. Lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) release and oxidative stress indexes were quantified. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect cell viability, Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining to measure cell apoptosis, dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) method to test reactive oxygen species (ROS), and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting to evaluate genes and protein expression. RESULTS Iso preconditioning reduced LDH release and inhibited cell cytotoxicity in OGD-induced cortical neurons, which was abolished by ML385. Iso preconditioning increased the Nrf2 nuclear translocation in cortical neurons. Meanwhile, Iso decreased the OGD-induced apoptosis with the down-regulations of Bax and Caspase-3 and the up-regulation of Bcl-2, which was reversed by ML385. OGD enhanced the level of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cortical neurons, but reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), which were aggravated in ML385 + OGD group and mitigated in Iso + OGD group. No observable difference was found between OGD group and Iso + ML385 + OGD group regarding apoptosis-related proteins and oxidative stress-related indexes. CONCLUSION Iso preconditioning up-regulated Nrf2 level to play its protective role in OGD-induced mouse cortical neuron injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-S Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - X-L Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Z-X Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - S-Y Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Y Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Mining Bureau General Hospital of Liaoning Health Industry Group, Fushun, Liaoning, China
| | - Z-N Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Fushun Second People's Hospital, Fushun, Liaoning, China
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