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Xu N, He Y, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Deng L, Zhong Y, Liao B, Wei Y, Feng J. TGR5 signalling in heart and brain injuries: focus on metabolic and ischaemic mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 192:106428. [PMID: 38307367 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The heart and brain are the core organs of the circulation and central nervous system, respectively, and play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions. Early neuronal and cardiac damage affects organ function. The relationship between the heart and brain is being continuously investigated. Evidence-based medicine has revealed the concept of the "heart- brain axis," which may provide new therapeutic strategies for certain diseases. Takeda protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5) is a metabolic regulator involved in energy homeostasis, bile acid homeostasis, and glucose and lipid metabolism. Inflammation is critical for the development and regeneration of the heart and brain during metabolic diseases. Herein, we discuss the role of TGR5 as a metabolic regulator of heart and brain development and injury to facilitate new therapeutic strategies for metabolic and ischemic diseases of the heart and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Yufeng He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Hejiang County People's Hospital, Luzhou, China
| | - Shengjie Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The First People's Hospital of Neijiang, Neijiang, China
| | - Li Deng
- Department of Rheumatology, The Afliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bin Liao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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Altez-Fernandez C, Lamas L, Bohorquez M, Chantada V, Ralph D. Cocaine-related ischemic priapism. Systematic review and presentation of a single center series. Actas Urol Esp 2024:S2173-5786(24)00014-3. [PMID: 38369291 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuroe.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic priapism is a medical emergency that, if not treated, could lead to permanent erectile dysfunction. The association between cocaine and priapism is well-known; however, data on patient characteristics, treatment, and outcomes is missing. This work aimed to answer the research question: What are the characteristics, management strategies, and erectile prognosis of patients consuming cocaine and presenting with priapism? METHODS We conducted a systematic review according to PRISMA guidelines and described our case series. RESULTS Eight studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, presenting information on ten patients. In our case series, we showed information regarding four patients. From the systematic review, the mean presentation time was 42.6 h, and the mean number of procedures to solve priapism was 2,4; in our case series was 42.75 h and 2, respectively. CONCLUSION Cocaine-related priapism might present with a delayed diagnosis, need more procedures to be managed, and have a worse prognosis. More extensive and prospective studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Altez-Fernandez
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - L Lamas
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - M Bohorquez
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - V Chantada
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario de A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - D Ralph
- Andrology Department, University College London, Londres, United Kingdom
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Gyabaah S, Adu-Boakye Y, Sarfo-Kantanka O, Gyan KF, Kokuro C, Agyei M, Akassi J, Tawiah P, Norman B, Ovbiagele B, Sarfo FS. Frequency & factors associated with elevated lipoprotein-a among Ghanaian stroke survivors. J Neurol Sci 2024; 456:122839. [PMID: 38103418 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2023.122839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous Africans are genetically predisposed to elevated lipoprotein-a (Lp(a)), a veritable risk factor for ischemic stroke. Recent studies have demonstrated the promising efficacy of therapeutic interventions for addressing elevated Lp(a) among patients at high risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. It is important to assess the burden of elevated Lp(a) among stroke survivors of African ancestry aimed at addressing potential unmet therapeutic gaps for optimal secondary prevention. PURPOSE To assess the frequency of elevated lipoprotein-a among Ghanaian stroke survivors and factors associated with it. METHODS A prospective study conducted at the Neurology clinic of the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital among ischemic stroke survivors aged ≥18 years. Serum lipoprotein-a concentrations were measured using ELISA kits. A multivariate regression analysis was fitted to identify factors independently associated with elevated lipoprotein-a concentration > 30 mg/dl. RESULTS Among 116 stroke survivors, 35 (30.2%) had elevated Lp(a). The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of factors associated with elevated Lp(a) were female sex 3.09 (1.05-9.12), p = 0.04, diabetes mellitus 3.52 (1.32-9.40), p = 0.01, urban dwelling 4.64 (1.61-13.39), p = 0.005 and total cholesterol 1.85 (1.28-2.67), p = 0.001. Whereas the LDL cholesterol significantly decreased from baseline to month 12 among a subset of participants, the Lp(a) levels significantly increased from a baseline value of 29.38 ± 15.32 mg/dl to 40.97 ± 29.72 mg/dl, p = 0.032. CONCLUSION Approximately 1 in 3 Ghanaian ischemic stroke survivors harbor an elevated Lp(a) associated with female sex, urban residence, diabetes mellitus and raised cholesterol. This burden highlights an unmet therapeutic gap in secondary risk reduction in this resource-limited setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaw Adu-Boakye
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Osei Sarfo-Kantanka
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Collins Kokuro
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Martin Agyei
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John Akassi
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Phyllis Tawiah
- Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Betty Norman
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Fred Stephen Sarfo
- Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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Ogunmodede AF, Sanusi AA, Idowu AO, Eke UC, Aderibigbe AS, Fawale MB, Komolafe MA. Challenges to Thrombolysis in A Resource-Poor Setting- A Case Report. West Afr J Med 2023; 40:1378-1382. [PMID: 38266221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
A major complication of acute ischemic stroke is death and disability. The emergence of reperfusion therapy in form of thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy has led to the reversal of this trend in high-income countries. Low- and middle-income countries are yet to benefit maximally from these time-bound treatment options due to some limitations. We intend to highlight some of these in this report. We report an 80-year-old male patient with hypertension and firstdegree AV block admitted 3 hours after the onset of stroke with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 13 and Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle power grade 3 in both the left upper and lower limb. Urgent non-contrast brain CT revealed no evidence of hemorrhage. Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was administered at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg 9 hours after symptom onset. He made significant improvement afterward and was discharged. The challenges encountered in his management include prehospital and intrahospital delay, and unavailability of tissue plasminogen activator. There is a need for an improved healthcare delivery system in order to reduce the morbidity associated with acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Ogunmodede
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A A Sanusi
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A O Idowu
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - U C Eke
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - A S Aderibigbe
- Department of Radiology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria
| | - M B Fawale
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
| | - M A Komolafe
- Department of Medicine, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile - Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
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Wadström BN, Wulff AB, Pedersen KM, Nordestgaard BG. Do Triglyceride-Rich Lipoproteins Equal Low-Density Lipoproteins in Risk of ASCVD? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:795-803. [PMID: 37768410 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent large clinical trials have failed to show that triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-lowering therapies decrease the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this review, we reconcile these findings with evidence showing that elevated levels of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and the cholesterol they contain, remnant cholesterol, cause ASCVD alongside low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. RECENT FINDINGS Results from observational epidemiology, genetic epidemiology, and randomized controlled trials indicate that lowering of remnant cholesterol and LDL cholesterol decrease ASCVD risk by a similar magnitude per 1 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) lower non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (remnant cholesterol+LDL cholesterol). Indeed, recent guidelines for ASCVD prevention recommend the use of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol instead of LDL cholesterol. Current consensus is moving towards recognizing remnant cholesterol and LDL cholesterols as equals per 1 mmol/L (39 mg/dL) higher levels in the risk assessment of ASCVD; hence, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein-lowering therapies should also lower levels of non-HDL cholesterol to reduce ASCVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Wadström
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, N5, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, M3, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b 33.5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders B Wulff
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, N5, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, M3, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b 33.5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper M Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, N5, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, M3, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b 33.5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, N5, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev Gentofte, Borgmester Ib Juuls Vej 73, entrance 7, 4th floor, M3, DK-2730, Herlev, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3b 33.5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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de Jesus M, Maheshwary A, Kumar M, da Cunha Godoy L, Kuo CL, Grover P. Association of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic variables with neurological outcomes after ischemic Stroke. Am Heart J Plus 2023; 34:100313. [PMID: 38510950 PMCID: PMC10945909 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2023.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Background Cardiac dysfunction is often seen following neurological injury. Data regarding cardiac involvement after ischemic stroke is sparse. We investigated the association of electrocardiographic (ECG) and echocardiographic variables with neurological outcomes after an acute ischemic stroke. Methods We retrospectively collected baseline characteristics, stroke location, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at the time of admission, acute reperfusion treatment, ECG parameters, and echocardiographic data on 174 patients admitted with acute ischemic stroke. Outcomes of the stroke were based on cerebral performance category (CPC) with a CPC score of 1-2 indicating a good outcome and a CPC score of 3-5 indicating a poor outcome. Results Older age (75.31 ± 11.89 vs. 65.16 ± 15.87, p < 0.001, OR = 1.04, 95 % CI 1.01-1.07), higher heart rate (80.63 ± 18.69 vs. 74.45 ± 17.17 bpm, p = 0.024, OR = 1.02, 95 % CI 1.00-1.05) longer QTc interval (461.69 ± 39.94 vs. 450.75 ± 35.24, p = 0.024, OR = 1.01, 95 % CI 0.99-1.02), NIHSS score (60.9 % vs. 17.8 %, p < 0.001, OR = 14.90, 95 % CI 3.83-69.5), and thrombolysis (15 % vs. 5 %, p = 0.049, OR = 0.55, 95 % CI 0.10-2.55) were associated with poor neurological outcomes. However, when adjusted for age and NIHSS, heart rate and QTc were no longer statistically significant. None of the other ECG and echocardiographic variables were associated neurological outcomes. Conclusions Elevated heart rate and longer QTc intervals may potentially predict poor neurological outcomes. Further studies are needed for validation and possible integration of these variables in outcome predicting models.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Maheshwary
- Department of Neurology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Lucas da Cunha Godoy
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- The Cato T. Laurencin Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Prashant Grover
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, St. Francis Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
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Viaene AN, Nelson EJ, Santi M. Perinatal hypoxic- ischemic brain injury: What's behind the "ribbon effect"? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2023; 82:865-875. [PMID: 37595577 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribbon effect describes a perceived macroscopic color reversal of the gray and white matter, characterized by a pale cortex and diffusely dusky underlying white matter. This finding is thought to be unique to the perinatal period and indicative of hypoxic-ischemic injury. However, the clinical and microscopic correlates of this macroscopic finding have not been clearly defined. A 21-year retrospective study of autopsies was performed. Ribbon effect was seen in 190 subjects, ages 20 weeks gestation to 9.5 months adjusted age. Clinical associations and radiographic findings were similar in ribbon effect cases and controls. A variety of histologic findings were observed including acute neuronal injury, diffuse white matter gliosis, and white matter necrosis. Only white matter vascular congestion was significantly correlated to the macroscopic severity of ribbon effect; the severity of white matter injury and acute neuronal injury were not significantly correlated to ribbon effect. While hypoxic-ischemic changes were present in nearly all cases of ribbon effect, the location, severity, and chronicity of these changes varied considerably, and similar findings were observed in controls. The presence of ribbon effect therefore does not predict microscopic findings apart from vascular congestion, highlighting the importance of microscopic examination in perinatal brain autopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela N Viaene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ernest J Nelson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mariarita Santi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Wilson SE, Ashcraft S. Stroke: Hospital Nursing Management Within the First 24 Hours. Nurs Clin North Am 2023; 58:309-324. [PMID: 37536783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cnur.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Within the United States, someone will have a stroke approximately every 40 seconds. Eighty-five percent of strokes are ischemic, with 15% classified as either intracranial or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke care is complex, and nurses play a critical role in identification, assessment, management, and coordination throughout the stroke continuum of care. This article will explore the nursing care of the patient with ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke during the first 24 hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan E Wilson
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB# 7025, 170 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7025, USA.
| | - Susan Ashcraft
- Neurocritical Care Clinical Nurse Specialist, Novant Health, Inc., 1918 Randolph Road Suite LL175A, Charlotte, NC 28207, USA
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Bilgin C, Ibrahim M, Azzam AY, Ghozy S, Elswedy A, Kobeissi H, Sobhi Jabal M, Kadirvel R, Boulouis G, Naggara O, Fiehler J, Psychogios M, Lee S, Wildgruber M, Kemmling A, Al-Mufti F, Kossorotoff M, Sporns PB, Kallmes DF. Mechanical Thrombectomy for Pediatric Large Vessel Occlusions : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin Neuroradiol 2023; 33:635-644. [PMID: 36592199 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-022-01246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute intracranial large vessel occlusion (LVO) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality among children; however, unlike in adults, no clinical trial has investigated the benefit of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in pediatric LVO. Thus, MT remains an off-label procedure for pediatric stroke. PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and safety of MT in pediatric LVO. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials databases. Studies reporting safety and efficacy outcomes for endovascular treatment of pediatric LVO were included. Data regarding recanalization, functional outcome, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality were extracted from the included studies. Functional outcome was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). A fixed or random-effects model was used to calculate pooled event rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS In this study 11 studies comprising 215 patients were included. The successful recanalization rate was 90.3% (95% CI = 85.77-95.11%), and complete recanalization was achieved in 52.7% (95% CI = 45.09-61.62%) of the cases. The favorable (mRS = 0-2) and excellent (mRS = 0-1) outcome rates were 83.3% (95% CI = 73.54-94.50%) and 59.5% (95% CI = 44.24-80.06%), respectively. The overall sICH prevalence was 0.59% (95% CI = 0-3.30%) and mortality rate was 3.2% (95% CI = 0.55-7.38%). CONCLUSION In our meta-analysis, MT demonstrated a promising safety and efficacy profile for pediatric patients, with consistently high efficacy outcomes and low complication rates. Our results support the utilization of MT in pediatric LVOs; however, prospective studies are still needed to further establish the role of pediatric MT as a first-line treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Bilgin
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Ahmed Y Azzam
- Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Adam Elswedy
- Uppsala University Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hassan Kobeissi
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI, USA
| | | | - Ramanathan Kadirvel
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Grégoire Boulouis
- Department of Neuroradiology, Université de Tours, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
- French Center for Pediatric Stroke, Pediatric Neurology, APHP-University Hospital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Naggara
- Department of Neuroradiology, Université de Paris City, INSERM U1266, GHU Paris, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
- French Center for Pediatric Stroke, Pediatric Neurology, APHP-University Hospital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Jens Fiehler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marios Psychogios
- Department of Radiology, Clinic of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Lee
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - André Kemmling
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fawaz Al-Mufti
- Department of Neurology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Manoelle Kossorotoff
- French Center for Pediatric Stroke, Pediatric Neurology, APHP-University Hospital Necker-Enfants malades, Paris, France
| | - Peter B Sporns
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Hashikata H, Takebe N, Yoshizaki W, Maki Y. Postoperative vasospasm and cerebral infarction in a patient with large pituitary adenoma and cerebral superficial siderosis. Surg Neurol Int 2023; 14:256. [PMID: 37560577 PMCID: PMC10408626 DOI: 10.25259/sni_397_2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral vasospasm and infarction are rare complications of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma. Cerebral superficial siderosis may result from subarachnoid hemorrhage from a pituitary adenoma. The constellation of cerebral superficial siderosis, cerebral vasospasm, and pituitary adenoma is rare. We describe an extremely rare clinical constellation of immediately postoperative cerebral vasospasm and consequent cerebral infarction in a case with a large pituitary adenoma and cerebral superficial siderosis. CASE DESCRIPTION A 70-year-old man presented with a pituitary adenoma causing a worsening headache. Preoperative magnetic resonance (MR) images revealed cerebral superficial siderosis, suggesting subarachnoid hemorrhage from pituitary apoplexy. MR angiography (MRA) showed no vasospasm. During the transsphenoidal surgery, an intratumoral hematoma was found. The arachnoid membrane was partially torn and intratumoral hematoma entered the subarachnoid space. Intraoperatively, the intracranial vessels remained intact. The suprasellar tumor was almost entirely resected; however, the patient remained comatose postoperatively. Computed tomography revealed ischemic lesions in the bilateral insular and frontotemporal cortex. MRA revealed cerebral vasospasm in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries. The patient was treated with levetiracetam for nonconvulsive status epilepticus and underwent a lumbar peritoneal shunt surgery for secondary hydrocephalus. However, the patient remained listless. CONCLUSION Postoperative cerebral vasospasm and infarction are severe but rare complications for a pituitary adenoma after transsphenoidal surgery. Preoperative and intraoperative subarachnoid hemorrhage might have been a risk factor in our case. Similar cases should be warranted to analyze whether cerebral superficial siderosis may also indicate the risk of severe postoperative vasospasm immediately after transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokuni Hashikata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriyoshi Takebe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, Osaka, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshizaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Research Institute KITANO HOSPITAL, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Maki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hikone Chuo Hospital, Hikone, Japan
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Varjú C, Pauling JD, Saketkoo LA. Multi-Organ System Screening, Care, and Patient Support in Systemic Sclerosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:211-248. [PMID: 37028832 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a heterogenous systemic autoimmune disease of complex multi-organ manifestations with a disease-specific mortality of >50%. The patient journey is fraught with severe, diverse, and diffuse physical impairment, psychological burden, and diminishing health-related quality of life. SSc remains unfamiliar to many clinicians. Delayed/misdiagnosis, inadequate screening, and attention for common complications with potentially preventable disability/death contribute to patients feeling isolated and unsupported. We present actionable standards including screening, anticipatory guidance, and counseling in patient-centered SSc-care emphasizing psycho-social health as the central goal, whereas robust vigilance and efforts to improve biophysical health and survival are imperatives that support this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília Varjú
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - John D Pauling
- Department of Rheumatology, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK; Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lesley Ann Saketkoo
- New Orleans Scleroderma and Sarcoidosis Patient Care and Research Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; University Medical Center - Comprehensive Pulmonary Hypertension Center and Interstitial Lung Disease Clinic Programs, New Orleans, LA, USA; Section of Pulmonary Medicine, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA; Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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12
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Vesper S, Carter E, Oke O, Rehder T, Eriksen S, Wymer L, Nye M. Higher mold levels found in in the deteriorated housing in the Sun Valley neighborhood of Denver, Colorado compared to other Denver housing and higher rates of health insurance claims for some diseases documented for the Sun Valley residents compared to other Denver residents. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 249:114141. [PMID: 36812733 PMCID: PMC10023461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The Sun Valley Homes public housing in Denver, Colorado (CO) will be replaced because of its deteriorated condition. Our goal was to document the mold contamination and particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations in Sun Valley homes and the circulatory and respiratory health of Sun Valley compared to all Denver residents (total 2761 and 1,049,046, respectively) based on insurance claims data for 2015 to 2019. Mold contamination in Sun Valley homes (n = 49) was quantified using the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) scale. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured in Sun Valley homes (n = 11) using time-integrated, filter-based samples and quantified using gravimetric analysis. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations data were obtained from a near-by United States Environmental Protection Agency monitoring station. In Sun Valley homes, the average ERMI value was 5.25 compared to -1.25 for other Denver homes. The PM2.5 median concentration inside Sun Valley homes was 7.6 μg/m3 (interquartile range - 6.4 μg/m3). The ratio of indoor to outdoor concentrations of PM2.5 was 2.3 (interquartile range - 1.5). In the last five years, ischemic heart disease was significantly more likely for Denver compared to Sun Valley residents. However, acute upper respiratory infections, chronic lower respiratory diseases and asthma were all significantly more likely for Sun Valley than Denver residents. Since the process of replacing and occupying the new housing will take several years, the next phase of the study will not occur until that process is complete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Vesper
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Ellison Carter
- Colorado State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Oluwatobi Oke
- Colorado State University, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tim Rehder
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Stacey Eriksen
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Larry Wymer
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael Nye
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Denver, CO, USA
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13
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Shehjar F, Maktabi B, Rahman ZA, Bahader GA, James AW, Naqvi A, Mahajan R, Shah ZA. Stroke: Molecular mechanisms and therapies: Update on recent developments. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105458. [PMID: 36460240 PMCID: PMC9839659 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Stroke, a neurological disease, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, resulting in long-term disability in most survivors. Annual stroke costs in the United States alone were estimated at $46 billion recently. Stroke pathophysiology is complex, involving multiple causal factors, among which atherosclerosis, thrombus, and embolus are prevalent. The molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology are essential to understanding targeted drug development. Some common mechanisms are excitotoxicity and calcium overload, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. In addition, various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors increase the chances of stroke manifolds. Once a patient encounters a stroke, complete restoration of motor ability and cognitive skills is often rare. Therefore, shaping therapeutic strategies is paramount for finding a viable therapeutic agent. Apart from tPA, an FDA-approved therapy that is applied in most stroke cases, many other therapeutic strategies have been met with limited success. Stroke therapies often involve a combination of multiple strategies to restore the patient's normal function. Certain drugs like Gamma-aminobutyric receptor agonists (GABA), Glutamate Receptor inhibitors, Sodium, and Calcium channel blockers, and fibrinogen-depleting agents have shown promise in stroke treatment. Recently, a drug, DM199, a recombinant (synthetic) form of a naturally occurring protein called human tissue kallikrein-1 (KLK1), has shown great potential in treating stroke with fewer side effects. Furthermore, DM199 has been found to overcome the limitations presented when using tPA and/or mechanical thrombectomy. Cell-based therapies like Neural Stem Cells, Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), and Human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUCB-MSCs) are also being explored as a treatment of choice for stroke. These therapeutic agents come with merits and demerits, but continuous research and efforts are being made to develop the best therapeutic strategies to minimize the damage post-stroke and restore complete neurological function in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Shehjar
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Briana Maktabi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zainab A Rahman
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Antonisamy William James
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Ahmed Naqvi
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Reetika Mahajan
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toledo, OH, USA.
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14
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Younger DS. Motor sequela of adult and pediatric stroke: Imminent losses and ultimate gains. Handb Clin Neurol 2023; 196:305-346. [PMID: 37620077 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-98817-9.00025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in the United States and worldwide. Remarkable advances have been made over the past 20 years in acute vascular treatments to reduce infarct size and improve neurological outcome. Substantially less progress has been made in the understanding and clinical approaches to neurological recovery after stroke. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, bedside examination, localization approaches, and classification of stroke, with an emphasis on motor stroke presentations and management, and promising research approaches to enhancing motor aspects of stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Younger
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Neuroscience, CUNY School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States; Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine and Neurology, White Plains Hospital, White Plains, NY, United States.
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15
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Vielleux MJ, Swartwood S, Nguyen D, James KE, Barbeau B, Bonkowsky JL. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Increased Risk for Pediatric Stroke. Pediatr Neurol 2022; 142:89-94. [PMID: 36418211 PMCID: PMC9675636 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increased risk of stroke in adults with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) infection, but whether there is a similar association with stroke in children is unclear. Our objective was to determine whether there is a correlation between COVID-19 infection, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), and pediatric ischemic stroke. METHODS This was a retrospective, population-based cohort analysis between March 1, 2020, and June 30, 2021, conducted at a children's hospital. Pediatric patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke were identified using ICD-10 diagnoses of ischemic stroke, cerebrovascular accident, or cerebral infarction. RESULTS We identified 16 patients, seven male and nine female, with ischemic stroke. Ages were 8 months to 17 years (median 11.5 years). More Asian (6%) and black (13%) patients had strokes compared with population prevalence (2% each, respectively). No patients had active COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 antibodies were identified in five of 11 patients tested (45%), of whom three were diagnosed with MIS-C. 82% of the strokes occurred between February and May 2021. The peak incidence was in February 2021, which was two months after peak incidence of pediatric cases of COVID-19 and one month after the peak of MIS-C cases. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that prior COVID-19 infection, but not acute infection, is correlated with a risk for stroke in the pediatric population. The risk for stroke appears to be distinct from the risk for MIS-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- MaryGlen J. Vielleux
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine,Brain and Spine Center, Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare
| | - Shanna Swartwood
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine,Brain and Spine Center, Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare
| | - Dan Nguyen
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Karen E. James
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine
| | - Bree Barbeau
- Disease Response, Evaluation, Analysis, & Monitoring Program, Bureau of Epidemiology, Utah Department of Health
| | - Joshua L. Bonkowsky
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine,Brain and Spine Center, Primary Children's Hospital, Intermountain Healthcare,Communications should be addressed to: Dr. Bonkowsky; Division of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Utah School of Medicine; 295 Chipeta Way; Salt Lake City, Utah 84108
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16
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Stancu P, De Stefano P, Vargas M, Menetre E, Carrera E, Kleinschmidt A, Seeck M. Acute symptomatic seizures and hippocampal sclerosis: the major contributor for post-stroke epilepsy? J Neurol 2022; 269:5934-5939. [PMID: 35796763 PMCID: PMC9553845 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-11254-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is a prominent biomarker of epilepsy. If acquired later in life, it usually occurs in the context of degenerative or acute inflammatory-infectious disease. Conversely, acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are considered a risk factor for developing post-stroke epilepsy, but other factors remain unrecognized. Here, we hypothesize that silent hippocampal injury contributes to the development of post-stroke epilepsy. METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study of patients hospitalized between 1/2007 and 12/2018 with an acute stroke in the Stroke Center of the Geneva University Hospital. Patients were included if they had a documented normal hippocampal complex at onset and a control MRI at ≥ 2 year interval without new lesion in the meantime. RESULTS 162 patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. ASS during the first week (p < 0.0001) and epileptiform abnormalities in electroencephalography (EEG; p = 0.02) were more frequently associated with the development of epilepsy. Hemorrhagic stroke was strongly associated to both ASS and future focal epilepsy (p = 0.00097). Three patients (1.8%) developed hippocampal sclerosis ipsilateral to the cerebrovascular event between 2 and 5 years, all with ASS and hemorrhagic stroke. INTERPRETATION ASS and epileptiform EEG abnormalities are strong predictors of post-stroke epilepsy. HS develops in a minority of patients after hemorrhagic lesions, leading to focal epilepsy. Prospective studies are required, including follow-up with EEG and if characterized by epileptiform discharges, with MRI, to determine the true frequency of HS and to better understand predictors of post-stroke epilepsy (AAS, stroke type, and HS), and their impact on stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Stancu
- Neurology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- EEG & Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Division, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Geneva, 4, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, CH-1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Pia De Stefano
- Neurology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Vargas
- Neuroradiology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Menetre
- Neurology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Carrera
- Neurology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Margitta Seeck
- Neurology Division, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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17
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Rossi SL, Subramanian P, Bu G, Di Polo A, Golde TE, Bovenkamp DE. Common features of neurodegenerative disease: exploring the brain-eye connection and beyond (part 2): the 2021 pre-symposium of the 15th international conference on Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:69. [PMID: 36316783 PMCID: PMC9623952 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sharyn L. Rossi
- grid.453152.40000 0000 8621 6363BrightFocus Foundation, 22512 Gateway Center Dr, Clarksburg, 20871 MD USA
| | - Preeti Subramanian
- grid.453152.40000 0000 8621 6363BrightFocus Foundation, 22512 Gateway Center Dr, Clarksburg, 20871 MD USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- grid.417467.70000 0004 0443 9942Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Adriana Di Polo
- grid.14848.310000 0001 2292 3357Departments of Neuroscience and Ophthalmology, Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Todd E. Golde
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, Evelyn F. and William L. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fl USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Departments of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, and Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Emory University, School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Diane E. Bovenkamp
- grid.453152.40000 0000 8621 6363BrightFocus Foundation, 22512 Gateway Center Dr, Clarksburg, 20871 MD USA
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18
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Sadrkhanloo M, Entezari M, Orouei S, Zabolian A, Mirzaie A, Maghsoudloo A, Raesi R, Asadi N, Hashemi M, Zarrabi A, Khan H, Mirzaei S, Samarghandian S. Targeting Nrf2 in ischemia-reperfusion alleviation: From signaling networks to therapeutic targeting. Life Sci 2022; 300:120561. [PMID: 35460707 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a master regulator of redox balance and it responds to various cell stresses that oxidative stress is the most well-known one. The Nrf2 should undergo nuclear translocation to exert its protective impacts and decrease ROS production. On the other hand, ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological event resulting from low blood flow to an organ and followed by reperfusion. The I/R induces cell injury and organ dysfunction. The present review focuses on Nrf2 function in alleviation of I/R injury. Stimulating of Nrf2 signaling ameliorates I/R injury in various organs including lung, liver, brain, testis and heart. The Nrf2 enhances activity of antioxidant enzymes to reduce ROS production and prevent oxidative stress-mediated cell death. Besides, Nrf2 reduces inflammation via decreasing levels of pro-inflammatory factors including IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α. Nrf2 signaling is beneficial in preventing apoptosis and increasing cell viability. Nrf2 induces autophagy to prevent apoptosis during I/R injury. Furthermore, it can interact with other molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, miRNAs, lncRNAs and GSK-3β among others, to ameliorate I/R injury. The therapeutic agents, most of them are phytochemicals such as resveratrol, berberine and curcumin, induce Nrf2 signaling in I/R injury alleviation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Zabolian
- Resident of Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, 5th Azar Hospital, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran.
| | - Amirreza Mirzaie
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Amin Maghsoudloo
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Rasoul Raesi
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Asadi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul 34396, Turkey.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Fillias Q, Millet I, Guiu B, Orliac C, Curros Doyon F, Gamon L, Molinari N, Taourel P. Development and validation of a composite score to predict severe forms of ischemic colitis. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6355-6366. [PMID: 35353197 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a simple scoring system in order to predict the risk of severe (death and/or surgery) ischemic colitis METHODS: In this retrospective study, 205 patients diagnosed with ischemic colitis in a tertiary hospital were consecutively included over a 6-year period. The study sample was sequentially divided into a training cohort (n = 103) and a validation cohort (n = 102). In the training cohort, multivariable analysis was used to identify clinical, biological, and CT variables associated with poor outcome and to build a risk scoring system. The discriminative ability of the score (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) was estimated in the two cohorts to externally validate the score, and a receiver operating characteristic curve was established to estimate the area under the curve of the score. Bootstrapping was used to validate the score internally. RESULTS In the training cohort, four independent variables were associated with unfavorable outcome: hemodynamic instability (2 pts), involvement of the small bowel (1 pt), paper-thin wall pattern (3 pts), no stratified enhancement pattern (1 pt). The score was used to categorize patients into low risk (score: 0, 1), high risk (score: 2-3), and very high risk (score: 4-7) groups with sensitivity and specificity of 97% and 67%, respectively, and a good discriminating capability, with a C-statistic of 0.94. Internal and external validation showed good discrimination capability (C-statistics of 0.9 and 0.84, respectively). CONCLUSION A simple risk score can stratify patients into three distinct prognosis groups, which can optimize patient management. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT04662268 KEY POINTS: • Simple scoring system predicting the risk of severe ischemic colitis • First study to include CT findings to the clinical and biological data used to determine a severity score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Fillias
- Department of Imaging, Hospital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Ingrid Millet
- Department of Imaging, Hospital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- UMR 1302 Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Boris Guiu
- Department of Imaging, Hospital Saint Eloi, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Celine Orliac
- Department of Imaging, Hospital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lucie Gamon
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Molinari
- UMR 1302 Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Department of Biostatistics, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Patrice Taourel
- Department of Imaging, Hospital Lapeyronie, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- UMR 1302 Institute Desbrest of Epidemiology and Public Health, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
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Ramezankhani A, Parizadeh D, Azizi F, Hadaegh F. Sex differences in the association between diabetes and hypertension and the risk of stroke: cohort of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:10. [PMID: 35292081 PMCID: PMC8922930 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00421-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We assessed the sex differences in the association between blood pressure categories and glucose intolerance status with overall and ischemic stroke among Iranian adults. Methods This prospective study was conducted on 5349 individuals (2446 men) aged ≥ 40 years. Cox models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and men-to-women ratios of HRs (RHRs) of overall and ischemic stroke for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, pre-hypertension, hypertension, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Results Each 0.55 mmol/L increase in FPG was associated with a higher HR of overall stroke in men than women [RHRs 1.05 (1.01–1.09)]. The associations between each 10 mmHg increase in DBP and stroke events were stronger in men than women, with RHRs of 1.20 (1.00–1.45) and 1.29 (1.04–1.60) for overall and ischemic stroke, respectively. Hypertension was associated with a higher HR of overall [RHRs: 2.41 (1.21–4.8)] and ischemic stroke [2.37 (1.12–5.01)] in men than women. We also found that T2D was associated with higher risks of overall and ischemic stroke in men than women: the RHRs were 2.16 (1.24–3.75) and 1.93 (1.05–3.55) for overall and ischemic stroke, respectively. Conclusion Hypertension and T2D induced higher risk of overall and ischemic stroke in men than women among Iranian population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00421-7. The associations between diastolic blood pressure and stroke events were stronger in men than women. The fasting blood plasma level was associated with higher risk of stroke events in men than women. Hypertension and diabetes were associated with higher risk of stroke events in men than women. The association between systolic blood pressure with ischemic stroke was higher in men than women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azra Ramezankhani
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Donna Parizadeh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Hadaegh
- Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Prevention of Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences (RIES), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Number 24, Yemen Street, Shahid Chamran Highway, P.O. Box: 19395-4763, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Jumah F, Raju B, Ginalis EE, Ashraf O, Rallo MS, Narayan V, Nisar T, Khandelwal P, Roychowdhury S, Nourollah-Zadeh E, Gupta G, Nanda A, Sun H. Outcomes of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Ischemic Stroke in Nonagenarians: A 10-Year Institutional Experience. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2022; 31:106106. [PMID: 35026494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonagenarians have been underrepresented in stroke trials that established endovascular treatment as the standard for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Evidence remains inconclusive regarding the efficacy of thrombectomy in this population. OBJECTIVES To report our experience with thrombectomy in nonagenarians with stroke, and to identify predictors of mortality. We further investigated the effects of first-pass reperfusion and the addition of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) on achieving better outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data was collected for consecutively treated patients at three affiliated comprehensive stroke centers from 2010 to 2021. We included patients ≥90 years-old with AIS secondary to large vessel occlusion. Bivariate analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables, and χ2 and Fisher's exact tests, respectively, for nominal and ordinal variables. RESULTS Thirty-two nonagenarians underwent thrombectomy, of whom 25 (81%) had prestroke mRS ≤2. Thrombectomies were performed using stents (2, 6.7%), aspiration (8, 26.7%), or a combination of both (20, 66.7%). Successful recanalization was achieved in 97%. Procedural complications occurred in 2 (6.3%) and intracranial hemorrhage in 3 (9.4%). Sixteen patients (50%) were discharged home or to rehabilitation, 9 (28.2%) to nursing home or hospice, and 7 (21.9%) died during hospitalization. Only 2 (6%) patients had mRS ≤2 at discharge. No independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified, and neither first-pass reperfusion nor the addition of IVT correlated with improvement in clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS Although thrombectomy is safe for nonagenarian stroke and can achieve excellent recanalization, high mortality and poor functional status remain high given the advanced age and frailty of this population.
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Sciattella P, Maggioni AP, Arcangeli E, Sidelnikov E, Kahangire DA, Mennini FS. Healthcare Resource Utilization, Cardiovascular Event Rate and Use of Lipid-Lowering Therapies in Secondary Prevention of ASCVD in Hospitalized Patients in Italy. Adv Ther 2022; 39:314-327. [PMID: 34718949 PMCID: PMC8799575 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-021-01960-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of mortality in Italy, accounting for 22% of total deaths. Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels reduces the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events; thus, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is the first-line treatment for patients with ASCVD and hypercholesterolaemia. However, many patients with ASCVD fail to reach LDL-C treatment thresholds, leaving them at greater risk of CV events. Inpatient care accounts for 51% of total expenditure on cardiovascular disease in the European Union, but healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) data for ASCVD in Italy is limited. Methods The study analysed healthcare claims data for 17,881 patients with acute coronary syndrome, ischemic stroke or peripheral artery disease from the Umbria 2 and Marche regions of Italy. LLT treatment patterns and CV event rates were collected and HCRU estimated in the year before and after the index event. Results High-intensity LLTs were prescribed to 44.3% of patients and 49.6% received moderate-/low-intensity LLTs during the 6 months after the index event. The first year CV event rate was 18.0/100 patient-years for patients receiving high-intensity LLTs and 17.2/100 patient-years for those on moderate-/low-intensity LLTs. Higher costs were associated with patients untreated with LLT 6 months post-index event (€8323) than patients prescribed high-intensity (€6278) or moderate-/low-intensity LLTs (€6270). Hospitalization accounted for most of the total costs. Conclusions This study found that CV events in secondary prevention Italian patients are associated with substantial HCRU and costs. More intensive LDL-C lowering can prevent CV events, easing the financial burden on the healthcare system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12325-021-01960-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Sciattella
- Economic Evaluation and HTA (EEHTA), CEIS, Faculty of Economics, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Columbia, 2, 00133, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Statistical Sciences, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Lugo, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Francesco S Mennini
- Economic Evaluation and HTA (EEHTA), CEIS, Faculty of Economics, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via Columbia, 2, 00133, Rome, Italy
- Institute for Leadership and Management in Health, Kingston University, London, UK
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Im SH, Jang DK, Kim H, Park SK, Han KD. Long-term mortality in patients with moyamoya angiopathy according to stroke presentation type in South Korea. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2021; 163:3473-3481. [PMID: 34427768 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-021-04959-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence, prevalence, and long-term survival outcomes in patients with moyamoya angiopathy (MMA) according to stroke presentation type and age group have not been clearly elucidated. METHODS We investigated mortality in patients with MMA (moyamoya disease, probable moyamoya disease, moyamoya syndrome) of whose International Classification Disease 10 code was I67.5 from 2006 to 2015 using the Korean National Health Insurance database. MMA at diagnosis was classified into 3 types (ischemic, hemorrhagic, and asymptomatic or else) according to stroke presentation. Survival analysis was performed according to stroke presentation type and age group (< 15 years and ≥ 15 years) using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS There were 12,146 newly diagnosed moyamoya cases, with a female-to-male ratio of 1.81; the ischemic type was identified in 3671 (30.2%) patients, the hemorrhagic type in 2449 (20.2%) patients, and the asymptomatic or else type in 6026 (49.6%) patients. The mean age at diagnosis according to stroke presentation was 33.1 (± 14.8) years in asymptomatic or else type, 41.2 (± 17.3) years in ischemic type, and 45.4 (± 14.3) years in hemorrhagic type (P < 0.001). The 10-year survival rates in ischemic-, hemorrhagic-, and asymptomatic or else-type patients were 88.9%, 76.3%, and 94.3%, respectively (log-rank test; P < 0.001). Pediatric MMA (< 15 years) and adult MMA (≥ 15 years) showed different survival curves according to stroke presentation type (log-rank test; P = 0.017, P < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that moyamoya patients had different diagnosis ages and distinct survival courses according to stroke presentation type. Adult moyamoya patients with hemorrhagic presentation had the worst survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyuk Im
- Department of Neurosurgery, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kyu Jang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 56, Dongsu-ro, Bupyeong-gu, Incheon, 21431, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211, Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cole-Hunter T, Dehlendorff C, Amini H, Mehta A, Lim YH, Jørgensen JT, Li S, So R, Mortensen LH, Westendorp R, Hoffmann B, Bräuner EV, Ketzel M, Hertel O, Brandt J, Jensen SS, Christensen JH, Geels C, Frohn LM, Backalarz C, Simonsen MK, Loft S, Andersen ZJ. Long-term exposure to road traffic noise and stroke incidence: a Danish Nurse Cohort study. Environ Health 2021; 20:115. [PMID: 34740347 PMCID: PMC8571835 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-021-00802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Road traffic noise has been linked to increased risk of ischemic heart disease, yet evidence on stroke shows mixed results. We examine the association between long-term exposure to road traffic noise and incidence of stroke, overall and by subtype (ischemic or hemorrhagic), after adjustment for air pollution. METHODS Twenty-five thousand six hundred and sixty female nurses from the Danish Nurse Cohort recruited in 1993 or 1999 were followed for stroke-related first-ever hospital contact until December 31st, 2014. Full residential address histories since 1970 were obtained and annual means of road traffic noise (Lden [dB]) and air pollutants (particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm and < 10 μm [PM2.5 and PM10], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], nitrogen oxides [NOx]) were determined using validated models. Time-varying Cox regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [CI]) for the associations of one-, three-, and 23-year running means of Lden preceding stroke (all, ischemic or hemorrhagic), adjusting for stroke risk factors and air pollutants. The World Health Organization and the Danish government's maximum exposure recommendations of 53 and 58 dB, respectively, were explored as potential Lden thresholds. RESULTS Of 25,660 nurses, 1237 developed their first stroke (1089 ischemic, 148 hemorrhagic) during 16 years mean follow-up. For associations between a 1-year mean of Lden and overall stroke incidence, the estimated HR (95% CI) in the fully adjusted model was 1.06 (0.98-1.14) per 10 dB, which attenuated to 1.01 (0.93-1.09) and 1.00 (0.91-1.09) in models further adjusted for PM2.5 or NO2, respectively. Associations for other exposure periods or separately for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke were similar. There was no evidence of a threshold association between Lden and stroke. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to road traffic noise was suggestively positively associated with the risk of overall stroke, although not after adjusting for air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Cole-Hunter
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Centre for Air Pollution, Energy, and Health Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Christian Dehlendorff
- Statistics and Data Analysis, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heresh Amini
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amar Mehta
- Denmark Statistics, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Youn-Hee Lim
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanette T. Jørgensen
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shuo Li
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rina So
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laust H. Mortensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi Westendorp
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Barbara Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Elvira V. Bräuner
- Department of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Ketzel
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ole Hertel
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Brandt
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | | | - Camilla Geels
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Lise M. Frohn
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | | | - Mette K. Simonsen
- Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Steffen Loft
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zorana J. Andersen
- Environmental Epidemiology Group, Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ehresman J, Cottrill E, Caplan JM, McDougall CG, Theodore N, Nyquist PA. Neuroprotective Role of Acidosis in Ischemia: Review of the Preclinical Evidence. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6684-96. [PMID: 34606050 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02578-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Efforts to develop effective neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke have had little success to date. One promising approach to neuroprotection is ischemic postconditioning, which utilizes brief bouts of ischemia after acute ischemic stroke to elicit neuroprotection, although the mechanism is largely unknown. As the primary components of transient ischemia are local hypoxia and acidosis, and hypoxic postconditioning has had little success, it is possible that the acidosis component may be the primary driver. To address the evidence behind this, we performed a systematic review of preclinical studies focused on the neuroprotective role of transient acidosis after ischemia. Animal studies demonstrated that mild-to-moderate acidosis after ischemic events led to better functional neurologic outcomes with reduced infarct volumes, while severe acidosis often led to cerebral edema and worse functional outcomes. In vitro studies demonstrated that mild-to-moderate acidosis improves neuronal survival largely through two means: (1) inhibition of harmful superoxide formation in the excitotoxic pathway and (2) remodeling neuronal mitochondria to allow for efficient ATP production (i.e., oxidative phosphorylation), even in the absence of oxygen. Similar to the animal studies, acidotic postconditioning in humans would entail short cycles of carbon dioxide inhalation, which has already been demonstrated to be safe as part of a hypercapnic challenge when measuring cerebrovascular reactivity. Due to the preclinical efficacy of acidotic postconditioning, its relatively straightforward translation into humans, and the growing need for neuroprotective therapies, future preclinical studies should focus on filling the current knowledge gaps that are currently restricting the development of phase I/II clinical trials.
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Gao X, Yu S, Guan Y, Shen Y, Xu L. Nucleoporin 50 mediates Kcna4 transcription to regulate cardiac electrical activity. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271877. [PMID: 34409458 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has demonstrated that nucleoporins (Nups) play a pivotal role in cell-type-specific gene regulation, but how they control the expression and activity of ion channel genes in the heart remains unclear. Here, we show that Nup50, which is localized in the nucleus of cardiomyocytes, selectively induces an increase in the transcription and translation of Kcna4. The Kcna4 gene encodes a K+ voltage-gated channel of shaker-related subfamily member 4 and is essential for regulating the action potential in cardiac membranes. Using immunofluorescence imaging, luciferase assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we identified that the direct binding of the FG-repeat domain within Nup50 to the proximity of the Kcna4 promoter was required to activate the transcription and subsequent translation of Kcna4. Functionally, Nup50 overexpression increased the currents of KCNA4-encoded Ito,s channels, and reverse knockdown of Nup50 resulted in a remarkable decrease in the amplitude of Ito,s currents in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, a positive correlation between Nup50 and Kcna4 mRNA and protein expression was observed in heart tissues subjected to ischemic insults. These findings provide insights into the homeostatic control of cardiac electrophysiology through Nup-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Gao
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuai Yu
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yi Guan
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yunli Shen
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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27
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Osteraas ND, Sagalovich M, Glover JJ, Dafer RM. Timing of Anticoagulation after Stroke in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Assessment of Provider Practices. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2021; 30:106014. [PMID: 34364012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Optimal timing of oral anticoagulation (TOAC) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unknown. The risk of recurrent ischemic events when treatment is delayed is often weighed against that of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) when anticoagulation is started in the subacute phase, especially in moderate to large infarctions. Despite substantial evidence for the benefit of oral anticoagulation (OAC) in reducing stroke recurrence, current nationally recognized practice guidelines do not provide clear recommendations on the TOAC after AF-related AIS. MATERIALS AND METHODS We surveyed neurologists on therapeutic approaches to timing of anticoagulation after stroke in patients with AF (without moderate or severe mitral stenosis or a mechanical heart valve) using an online questionnaire. Several ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke scenarios with various stroke sizes, locations, and high-risk thrombotic complications were presented, and survey respondents were asked to provide post-stroke timeframe for TOAC. Practice background, specialty and years of experience of respondents were recorded. RESULTS Majority of participants favored early initiation of OAC in small infarcts. In moderate to larger infarct burden, or when ischemia was complicated by HT, there was an overall trend to delay any initiation of OAC, irrespective of specialty or years of experience. The overt presence of an additional cardiac embolic source such as cardiac thrombus led decisions for early anticoagulation. CONCLUSION Although general practice trends were captured, optimal TOAC following AIS in AF remains unknown. Further research is warranted to determine optimal timing and anticoagulant selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Osteraas
- Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St, Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
| | - Marina Sagalovich
- Medical Outcomes Specialist, North America Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc., 235 East 42nd Street NY 10017, United States.
| | - Jon J Glover
- Medical Outcomes Specialist, North America Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Inc., 235 East 42nd Street NY 10017, United States
| | - Rima M Dafer
- Professor of Neurology, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison St, Suite 1118, Chicago, IL 60612, United States
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Lu L, Wang Y, Zhou L, Li Y, Zhang X, Hu X, Shi S, He W. Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A is essential for amplification of inflammatory cascades in ischemic brain tissue after stroke. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107678. [PMID: 34162129 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Through amplifying inflammatory cascades, IL-17A produced by γδ T cells potently attracts neutrophils to the site of injury for exacerbating ischemic tissue damage. Our goal was to identify the precise role of γδ T cell subsets in ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke. METHODS In a model of experimental stroke, we analyzed the functions of Vγ1 and Vγ4 T cells on γδ T cell-mediated ischemic brain tissue damage of stroke. RESULTS We identified that, in stroke, Vγ4 T cells are essential for γδ T cell-mediated ischemic brain tissue damage through providing an early source of IL-17A. Both CCL20 and IL-1β/IL-23 are deeply involved in Vγ4 T cell-mediated amplification of inflammatory responses: CCL20 might promote Vγ4 T cells recruit to infract hemisphere, and IL-1β/IL-23 powerfully enhance IL-17A production mediated by the infiltrating Vγ4 T cells. Moreover, Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A enhances both CCL20 and IL-1β, and conversely, CCL20 and IL-1β further enhance both recruitment and IL-17A production of IL-17A-positive cells, in a classic positive feedback loop. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that in the setting of ischemic stroke, Vγ4 T cell-derived IL-17A, CCL20 and IL-1β/IL-23 in infract hemisphere coordinately to amplify inflammatory cascades and exacerbate ischemic tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Lu
- Department of Neurology, North Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing 401121, China
| | - Yangping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lina Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yashu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shugui Shi
- Department of Neurology, North Kuanren General Hospital, Chongqing 401121, China.
| | - Weifeng He
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, The Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory for Disease Proteomics, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Tang H, Lu Z, Zeng Z, Zuo Q, Li Q, Xu F, Huang Q, Liu J. Endovascular treatment of symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with low profile visualized intraluminal support stent. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 90:256-261. [PMID: 34275559 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Severe intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis has become one of the main causes resulting transient ischemic attack and stroke. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of low profile visualized intraluminal support (LVIS) stent in treating symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis. METHODS Data of 31 patients with at least 70% stenosis treated with LVIS stent in our center were retrospectively collected between July 2017 and November 2020. Further evaluation of lesion characteristics, technical success rate, preoperative complication, clinical and angiographic follow-up outcome, delayed in-stent stenosis were conducted. RESULTS Stent delivery and deployment were successfully achieved in all 31 patients (100%). 22 cases (71%) were located in anterior circulation and 9 cases (29%) were located in posterior circulation. The mean degree of stenosis lesion before stent deployment was 85.6 ± 9.4%, while after stenting was 11.2 ± 11.8%. One patient suffered from ischemic complication in stenting procedure, and timely delivery of rt-PA successfully recanalized the artery. Clinical follow-up was available in all 31patients (100%) with mean follow-up time 15.0 ± 12.1(3-45) months. No patients experienced the recurrence of stroke or TIA or death after discharge. Angiographic follow-up was available in 21patients (67.7%) with mean follow-up time 11.43 ± 6.8 (6-36) months. 19 patients (90.5%) were stable while 2 patients (9.5%) developed ISR in their last angiographic follow-up. The 2 patients received balloon angioplasty and reached satisfactory results after retreatment. CONCLUSION This preliminary study suggests that LVIS stent deployment was a feasible approach in treating intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis with satisfactory procedure success rate, low complication rate and favorable long-term outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuang Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China; Naval Medical Center of PLA, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiwen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhangwei Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Zuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengfeng Xu
- Naval Medical Center of PLA, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200050, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qinghai Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changhai Hospital, Navy Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Hsieh B, Tariq MB, Ibrahim L, Khanpara SD, Kramer LA, Savitz SI. Heparin for Vertebral Intraluminal Thrombus Causing Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage from Occult Renal Angiomyolipoma. Case Rep Neurol 2021; 13:388-393. [PMID: 34248575 PMCID: PMC8255730 DOI: 10.1159/000514090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a common cause of mortality and serious long-term disability worldwide. In the acute setting, current American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines do not recommend routine anticoagulation for the management of acute ischemic strokes. However, short-term use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in select subpopulations has demonstrated improved outcomes. While tools such as CHADSVASC and HASBLED scores are useful in stratifying risk of long-term anticoagulation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and additional risk factors, the carefully selected patient populations for the design of these studies do not account for risk of hemorrhage from other preexisting conditions. Here, we present a patient with a posterior circulation intraluminal thrombus treated with UFH, who manifested with a near-fatal intra-abdominal hemorrhage from a previously undetected renal angiomyolipoma (AML).
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Affiliation(s)
- Billie Hsieh
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Muhammad B Tariq
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lamya Ibrahim
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shekhar D Khanpara
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Larry A Kramer
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Bouali M, Yaqine K, Elbakouri A, Bensardi F, Elhattabi K, Fadil A. Ischemic volvulus of the transverse colon caused by intestinal malrotation: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2021; 83:105971. [PMID: 34023547 PMCID: PMC8163956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Congenital Intestinal malrotation is a complex disorder caused by incomplete or abnormal rotation of the intestine during fetal development. Volvulus of the transverse colon secondary to intestinal malrotation is a rare cause of acute abdomen in adults. It has a high risk of mortality, hence the need for an urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention. Case report We report an unusual case of volvulus of the transverse colon caused by intestinal malrotation. A 21-year-old women presented abdominal pain with nausea and vomiting. On clinical examination, the abdomen was tympanic to percussion with peritoneal sensitivity. The abdominal X-ray revealed a massive obstruction of the distended large intestine with a “U-shaped” loop. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy that revealed the diagnosis of transverse colon volvulus with intestinal malrotation. His condition was treated surgically by transverse colectomy with colostomy. The patient died on the second day following a hemodynamic instability. Conclusion Transverse colonic volvulus is a rare entity with a high mortality, so it requires urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention. Volvulus of the transverse colon secondary to intestinal malrotation is a rare cause of an acute abdomen in adults. Volvulus of the transverse colon has a high risk of mortality, so it requires urgent diagnosis and surgical intervention. The diagnosis of the volvulus of the transverse colon before surgery is rarely observed, it's most often made intraoperatively. The choice of a procedure depends on the general condition of the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Bouali
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karim Yaqine
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco.
| | - Abdelilah Elbakouri
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fatimazahra Bensardi
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Khalid Elhattabi
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Fadil
- Departement of General Surgery, University Hospital Centre Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco; Faculty of Medecine and Pharmacy, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
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Kronenberg G, Schöner J, Levitanus M, Alvarado Balderrama AV, Geran R, Laumeier I, Schlattmann P, Nelson CP, Endres M, Gertz K. The importance of previous lifetime trauma in stroke-induced PTSD symptoms and mental health outcomes. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 136:589-594. [PMID: 33143861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 'Stroke Complications after Traumatic Experiences and Stress' (SATURN) study was designed to investigate the effects of a prior traumatic event on PTSD symptoms triggered by a subsequent stroke. First-ever ischemic stroke patients were surveyed 9-13 months after hospitalization at the Charité University Medical Center. Stroke-induced PTSD symptoms were measured using the Impact of Event Scale-revised (IES-R). Prior traumatization together with past PTSD symptoms was assessed retrospectively with the Brief Trauma Questionnaire (BTQ) and the 7-item Short Screening Scale for PTSD. Depressive symptoms were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). The Short Form (SF)-36 was used to evaluate physical and mental health outcomes. We received 258 responses from 636 eligible patients (~41%). Based on respondents' scores on the IES-R, the prevalence of probable PTSD due to the stroke event was 11% in our sample. Female sex and younger age were associated with more severe PTSD symptoms. Psychological endpoints did not differ between patients who denied prior trauma exposure and those who reported earlier trauma exposure but denied subsequent PTSD symptoms. However, a history of trauma exposure in tandem with endorsing subsequent PTSD symptoms was linked with significantly increased post-stroke PTSD and depressive symptoms together with decreased psychological well-being. Self-reported physical health did not differ across groups. Younger age, being a woman, and having developed PTSD symptoms in the aftermath of a prior trauma were associated with adverse psychological outcomes after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golo Kronenberg
- College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom; Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.
| | - Johanna Schöner
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Levitanus
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Violeta Alvarado Balderrama
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Rohat Geran
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Inga Laumeier
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Universitätsklinikum Jena, Institut für Medizinische Statistik, Informatik und Dokumentation, Jena, Germany
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, United Kingdom; NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Endres
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Gertz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Klinik und Hochschulambulanz für Neurologie und Centrum für Schlaganfallforschung Berlin (CSB), Berlin, Germany.
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Kupferman JC, Lande MB, Stabouli S, Zafeiriou DI, Pavlakis SG. Hypertension and childhood stroke. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:809-823. [PMID: 32350664 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-020-04550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular disease (stroke) is one of the ten leading causes of death in children and adolescents. Multiple etiologies, from arteriopathies to prothrombic states, can cause stroke in youth. In adult stroke, hypertension has been shown to be the single most important modifiable risk factor. Although hypertension has not been strongly identified as a risk factor in childhood stroke to date, there is preliminary evidence that suggests that hypertension may also be associated with stroke in children. In this review, we summarize the literature that may link hypertension to stroke in the young. We have identified a series of barriers and limitations in the fields of pediatric hypertension and pediatric neurology that might explain why hypertension has been overlooked in childhood stroke. We suggest that hypertension may be a relevant risk factor that, alone or in combination with other multiple factors, contributes to the development of stroke in children. Currently, there are no consensus guidelines for the management of post-stroke hypertension in children. Thus, we recommend that blood pressure be assessed carefully in every child presenting with acute stroke in order to better understand the effects of hypertension in the development and the outcome of childhood stroke. We suggest a treatment algorithm to help practitioners manage hypertension after a stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Kupferman
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Marc B Lande
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Stella Stabouli
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios I Zafeiriou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Steven G Pavlakis
- Department of Pediatrics, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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Tábuas-Pereira M, Galego O, Almeida MR, Tomás J, Félix-Morais R, Silva F, Rodrigues B, Cordeiro G, Sargento-Freitas J. Apolipoprotein E genotype does not influence the risk of symptomatic hemorrhage in acute ischemic stroke. J Clin Neurosci 2021; 88:34-38. [PMID: 33992200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE ε4 is independently associated with lobar intracranial hemorrhages (ICH). Although the ε4 allele enhances amyloid deposition in blood vessels, the ε2 allele predisposes to vasculopathic changes leading to rupture of amyloid laden vessels. Thus, ε4 and ε2 carriers might have increased susceptibility to ICH. We aimed to study the impact of the apolipoprotein E alleles in the development of symptomatic ICH (sICH). METHODS We included 384 consecutive ischemic anterior circulation stroke patients submitted to thrombolysis between January 2014 and March 2016. Admission CT-scans were reviewed to calculate the ASPECTS. Patients were followed for up to at least 6 months post-stroke or until death. Outcome was development of sICH, defined according to the ECASS III. RESULTS Considering APOE genotyping, three patients had ε2/ε2, four had ε2/ε4, 38 had ε2/ε3, 284 had ε3/ε3, 51 had ε3/ε4 and four had ε4/ε4. sICH was associated with sex and diabetes. In multivariate analysis, sICH was not associated with carrying one or more ε4 alleles (OR: 0.483, 95%CI = [0.059, 3.939], p = 0.497) nor with carrying one or more ε2 alleles (OR: 1.369, 95%CI = [0.278, 6.734], p = 0.699). CONCLUSION No association was found between APOE genotype and the development of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Orlando Galego
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - José Tomás
- Neurology Department - Hospital Amato Lusitano, Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Félix-Morais
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fernando Silva
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Cordeiro
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sargento-Freitas
- Neurology Department - Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Goldsmith HS. The omentum in the surgical treatment of recurrent ischemic stroke. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:28. [PMID: 33598344 PMCID: PMC7881516 DOI: 10.25259/sni_884_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harry S Goldsmith
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
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Shweikeh F, Nuno M, Adamo M. Trends in endovascular interventions for pediatric ischemic stroke at the national level: data from 2000 to 2009. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:161-166. [PMID: 32529548 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04714-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Present knowledge is limited with regard to endovascular and interventional management of pediatric acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The current practice of neurointerventions in this population was analyzed via a national database. METHODS The Kids' Inpatient Database for years 2000, 2003, 2006, and 2009 was examined for patients aged < 18 years discharged with a primary diagnosis of AIS and identified according to ICD-9 codes. Descriptive statistics were tabulated on each of the subcohorts. RESULTS There were 3467 patients identified; 920 (26.5%) underwent angiograms, 51 (1.5%) angiogram + thrombolysis, and 18 (0.5%) received angiogram + endovascular recanalization. The angiogram only subcohort was significantly younger compared with thrombolysis and endovascular procedure subcohorts (9.8 vs. 12.2 vs. 14.9 years, P < 0.001). Mortality was 4.3%, significantly lower for angiogram only than for thrombolysis (1.1% vs. 18.2%, P < 0.0001). Thrombolysis also had significantly higher hospital charges ($149,045 vs. $64,826, P < 0.0001). While not many differences in outcomes between angiogram only versus endovascular procedures, the latter had higher financial burden ($122,482 vs. $64,826, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This national study suggests that children receiving neurointerventions tend to be older (> 12 years) and heart and valvular defects are their most likely comorbidities. There was a lower mortality and fewer complications with endovascular procedures when compared with intravenous/intraarterial thrombolysis alone. Thrombolysis was also associated with more non-routine discharges and lengthier stay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faris Shweikeh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Miriam Nuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Adamo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
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John S, Hussain SI, Piechowski-Jozwiak B, Dibu J, Kesav P, Bayrlee A, Elkambergy H, John TLS, Roser F, Mifsud VA. Clinical characteristics and admission patterns of stroke patients during the COVID 19 pandemic: A single center retrospective, observational study from the Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106227. [PMID: 33011516 PMCID: PMC7485577 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients with COVID-19 to non-COVID-19 controls, and to describe changes in stroke admission patterns during the pandemic. METHODS This is a single center, retrospective, observational study. All consecutive patients admitted with primary diagnosis of ischemic/ hemorrhagic stroke between March1st -May10th 2020 were included and compared with the same time period in 2019. RESULTS There was a 41.9% increase in stroke admissions in 2020 (148 vs 210,P = .001). When comparing all ischemic strokes, higher rate of large vessel occlusion (LVO) (18.3% vs 33.8%,P = .008) and significant delay in initiation of mechanical thrombectomy after hospital arrival (67.75 vs 104.30 minutes,P = .001) was observed in 2020. When comparing all hemorrhagic strokes, there were no differences between the two years. Among 591 COVID-19 admissions, 31 (5.24%) patients with stroke including 19 with ischemic (3.21%) and 12 with hemorrhagic stroke (2.03%) were identified. Patients with COVID-19 and ischemic stroke were significantly younger (58.74 vs 48.11 years,P = .002), predominantly male (68.18% vs 94.74%,P = .016), had lesser vascular risk factors, had more severe clinical presentation (NIHSS 7.01 vs 17.05,P < .001), and higher rate of LVO (23.6% vs. 63.1%,P = .006). There was no difference in the rate of endovascular thrombectomy, but time to groin puncture was significantly longer in COVID-19 patients (83.41 vs 129.50 minutes,P = .003). For hemorrhagic stroke, COVID-19 patients did not differ from non-COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS Stroke continues to occur during this pandemic and stroke pathways have been affected by the pandemic. Stroke occurs in approximately 5% of patients with COVID-19. COVID-19 associated ischemic stroke occurs in predominantly male patients who are younger, with fewer vascular risk factors, can be more severe, and have higher rates of LVO. Despite an increase in LVO during the pandemic, treatment with mechanical thrombectomy has not increased. COVID-19 associated hemorrhagic stroke does not differ from non-COVID-19 hemorrhagic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seby John
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi; Neurointerventional Surgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi.
| | - Syed Irteza Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi; Neurointerventional Surgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
| | | | - Jamil Dibu
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Critical Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
| | - Praveen Kesav
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
| | - Ahmad Bayrlee
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Critical Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
| | - Hussam Elkambergy
- Neurocritical Care Unit, Critical Care Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
| | | | - Florian Roser
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
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Koda K, Otsuka Y, Yoneda Y, Tsukamoto R, Kageyama Y. A Rare Case of Capgras Syndrome in Moyamoya Disease. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 30:105432. [PMID: 33171423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease is a rare cerebrovascular disorder with unknown etiology and psychiatric symptoms occasionally manifest initially. Capgras syndrome is a unique neuropsychiatric symptom that is a delusional misidentification of a familiar person replaced by an identical imposter. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with frontal lobe ischemic stroke caused by moyamoya disease, presenting with Capgras syndrome. Dysfunction of frontal areas may be attributable to development of Capgras syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Koda
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki City, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Otsuka
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki City, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Yoneda
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki City, Japan
| | - Ryo Tsukamoto
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki City, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kageyama
- Department of Neurology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center, Amagasaki City, Japan
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Abstract
Nasal tip deformities after primary rhinoplasty may occur, including the formation of bossae, a pinched nasal tip, and nasal tip ischemia. Because of the central location in the midface, even minimal nasal tip deformities (small bossa) may be noticed and upsetting to the patient. This is in addition to more severe nasal tip deformities, including nasal tip ischemia, that are easily visible to any viewer. Prevention, early recognition, and, depending on the case, intervention are critical in minimizing these complications. If complications do occur, regular communication with the patient and follow-up are crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Bermudez
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 9601 Chester Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Faisal A Quereshy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, 9601 Chester Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Segal O, Mimouni M, Rabina G, Yavnieli R, Nemet AY. Predicting response of ischemic central retinal vein occlusion to bevacizumab injections: 1 year follow-up. Int Ophthalmol 2020; 41:533-540. [PMID: 33094440 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01604-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify baseline optical coherence tomography (OCT) factors in ischemic central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) that predict response to bevacizumab injections. METHODS Patients underwent OCT at diagnosis and the central macular thickness, subretinal fluid width and height as well as the presence of intraretinal cysts were measured. The extent of disorganized retinal inner layers, outer plexiform layer (OPL), external limiting membrane, ellipsoid zone and cone outer segment tips (COST) was recorded. Patients received three consecutive monthly injections of bevacizumab followed by pro re nata treatment. RESULTS Overall 32 eyes of 32 patients aging 69.4 ± 12.7 years were included. In univariate correlational analyses baseline OPL disruption (- 41, p = 0.02), EZ disruption (r = - 0.36, p = 0.05) and COST disruption (r = - 0.37, p = 0.04) correlated with deterioration in BCVA at 1 year. Partial least squares demonstrated that the factors most largely associated with deterioration in BCVA were COST disruption and OPL disruption followed by EZ disruption, while worst vision at baseline was associated with improvement in vision. CONCLUSION In patients with ischemic CRVO treated with bevacizumab, BCVA improvement at 1 year can be partially predicted from baseline OCT measurements by the extent of COST, OPL and EZ disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Segal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Kfar Saba, 44281, Israel.
| | - Michael Mimouni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gilad Rabina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Yavnieli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rambam Health Care Campus and the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Arie Y Nemet
- Department of Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Sava and the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Kfar Saba, 44281, Israel
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Alshahrani A. Using cyproterone acetate to treat recurrent ischemic priapism in a patient with sickle cell anemia as a comorbidity: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2020; 14:197. [PMID: 33081822 PMCID: PMC7576868 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-020-02527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The management of recurrent ischemic priapism is unclear in contemporary practice. Yet, if left untreated, the condition may evolve into an acute ischemic priapism and in some cases result in erectile dysfunction. This report documents the results of successful management of recurrent ischemic priapism using cyproterone acetate in a 30-year-old Saudi man with sickle cell anemia as a comorbidity. Case presentation A 30-year-old Saudi man denoted visited the emergency room with a painful erection which had lasted for more than four hours. The patient has sickle cell anemia and a family history of sickle cell disease. He is married and has two children. His first priapism case occurred when he was 7 years old. At the age of 15, the condition recurred, and the patient’s doctor prescribed cyproterone acetate 50 mg twice daily for 5 days. The doctor had told him that whenever he was experiencing priapism, he should adhere to this regimen for 5 days. The doctor could not find any guidelines for the prescription of cyproterone acetate. Conclusion Priapism cases represent a significant challenge in therapeutic management because of the elevated risk of structural damage to the penis. The fact that there lacks a clinically approved standard approach to managing the condition make it difficult for physicians to effectively manage the condition. Management of the condition is further complicated by existence of comorbidities such as sickle cell anemia. This patient’s case demonstrates that cyproterone acetate prescription is a great preventative strategy that limits priapism recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alshahrani
- Clinical Pharmacy, Pharmacy College, Taif University, P.O. Box 888, Haweiah, 21974, Saudi Arabia.
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Sarkar K, Patra S. Ischemic mitral regurgitation: the way ahead is a step back. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2020; 36:344-346. [PMID: 33061141 DOI: 10.1007/s12055-019-00903-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) has a profound negative effect on survival of patients following myocardial infarction. It occurs when the closing forces are overpowered by the tethering forces as a consequence of ventricular remodeling. Surgeons sought to correct moderate and severe IMR by mitral annuloplasty. Though short-term results were encouraging, survival after 2 years were not so. Higher recurrence rates were also noted with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Parameters defining severity of IMR were initially formulated in 2003. These were revised enabling intervention in moderate MR in 2014. With the lack of positive medium and long-term evidence, 2017 guidelines have raised the bar, discouraging intervention in moderate IMR. Current guidelines have taken a conservative stance in advocating repair only for severe MR and very symptomatic patients. Till emergence of fresh evidence surgical enthusiasm for repair of IMR has to be restrained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Sarkar
- Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, 700099 India
| | - Soumya Patra
- Medica Superspecialty Hospital, Kolkata, 700099 India
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Fatehi P, Hesam-Shariati N, Abouzaripour M, Fathi F, Hesam Shariati MB. Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke and COVID-19: Case Series. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:2396-2401. [PMID: 33024934 PMCID: PMC7529351 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-020-00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus COVID-19 pandemic is the defining global health crisis of our time and the greatest challenge we have faced since the World Wars; it can attack several systems in the body and has high complications and mortality. COVID-19 can cause venous and arterial thromboembolism due to immobility, high inflammation, extensive intravascular blood coagulation, and hypoxia. In this study, we report 5 cases of adults with COVID-19, hospitalized in Tohid Hospital, Sanandaj, Iran. Three patients were male and two were female. The youngest patient was 20 years old and the oldest was 55 years old. All patients had at least one family member with coronavirus. Fever, chills, muscular pain, cough, and tachypnea were present in all patients. Red blood cell (RBC) was observed in all patients at a low level. Computed tomography (CT) scans of all patients showed abnormal findings in different areas of the brain. These cases indicate that COVID-19 may damage blood vessels in the brain and lead to stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poya Fatehi
- Department of Radiology, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Negin Hesam-Shariati
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Morteza Abouzaripour
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Fardin Fathi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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Xie L, Zhao H, Wang Y, Chen Z. Exosomal shuttled miR-424-5p from ischemic preconditioned microglia mediates cerebral endothelial cell injury through negatively regulation of FGF2/STAT3 pathway. Exp Neurol 2020; 333:113411. [PMID: 32707150 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes secreted by microglia have been found to play a role in neurovascular unit injury under the ischemic/hypoxic state. However, the modulatory effect of exosomes shuttled miRNAs produced by microglia in endothelial cells remains undefined. Here, an oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) model was constructed both in microglia and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). The exosomes secreted by microglia were isolated, and the exosomal miRNA profile was detected. Next, gain- and loss- functions of miR-424-5p, one of the most differentially expressed miRNAs in microglia derived exosomes, were conducted in BMEC. The results demonstrated that exosomes from OGD-activated microglia aggravated OGD induced BMEC viability and integrity damage as well as the loss of vascular formation. While the damaging effects were markedly attenuated by inhibiting miR-424-5p. In addition, miR-424-5p overexpression significantly aggravated OGD induced BMEC damage and permeability. Mechanistically, bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-424-5p targeted the FGF2 mediated STAT3 signaling pathway, which was verified via dual luciferase activity assay and RIP experiment. Furthermore, in vivo experiments in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model mice were conducted. The results revealed that inhibition of miR-424-5p markedly reduced neurological dysfunctions and endothelial cell injury induced by MCAO. The above results confirmed that exosomes from OGD activated microglia induced significant cell damage and permeability of BMEC, in which the upregulated miR-424-5p in the exosomes functioned by regulating FGF2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Xie
- Department of Vascular, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Neurology,The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin, China.
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Kwon Y, McHugh S, Ghoreshi K, Lyons GR, Cho Y, Bilchick KC, Mazimba S, Worrall BB, Akoum N, Chen LY, Soliman EZ. Electrocardiographic left atrial abnormality in patients presenting with ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 29:105086. [PMID: 32807482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND P wave indices represent electrocardiographic marker of left atrial pathology. We hypothesized that P wave would be more abnormal in patients presenting with ischemic stroke than a comparable group without ischemic stroke. METHODS We compared P wave terminal force in V1 (PTFV1) between patients admitted with ischemic stroke (case) and patients followed in cardiology clinic (control) at a single medical center. Using logistic regression models, we tested for an association between abnormal PTFV1 (> 4000 µV ms) and ischemic stroke. We also defined several optimal cut-off values of PTFV1 using a LOESS plot and estimated odds ratio of ischemic stroke when moving from one cut-point level to the next higher-level. RESULTS A total of 297 patients (case 147, control 150) were included. PTFV1 was higher in patients with vs. those without ischemic stroke (median 4620 vs 3994 µV ms; p=0.006). PTFV1 was similar between cardioembolic/cryptogenic and other stroke subtypes. In multivariable analyses adjusting for sex, obesity, age, and hypertension, the association between abnormal PTFV1 and ischemic stroke ceased to be significant (OR 1.53 [0.95, 2.50], p=0.083). Increase to the next cutoff level of PTFV1 (900, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, and 6000 µV ms) was associated with 18% increase in odds of having ischemic stroke (vs. no ischemic stroke) (OR 1.18 [1.02, 1.36], p=0.026). CONCLUSION Patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke are more likely to have abnormal PTFV1. These findings from a real-world clinical setting support the results of cohort studies that left atrial pathology manifested as abnormal PTFV1 is associated with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghoon Kwon
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave., 2CT-69.1, Box 359748, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Stephen McHugh
- Department of Medicine, Temple University, United States.
| | - Kayvon Ghoreshi
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Genevieve R Lyons
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Yeilim Cho
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States
| | | | - Sula Mazimba
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Bradford B Worrall
- Departments of Neurology and Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Nazem Akoum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, 325 9th Ave., 2CT-69.1, Box 359748, Seattle, WA 98104, United States.
| | - Lin Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Division, University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Elsayed Z Soliman
- The Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences and Department of Medicine, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Kitazono T, Toyoda K, Kitagawa K, Nagao T, Yamagami H, Uchiyama S, Tanahashi N, Matsumoto M, Minematsu K, Nagata I, Nishikawa M, Nanto S, Ikeda Y, Shirai T, Abe K, Ogawa A. Efficacy and Safety of Prasugrel by Stroke Subtype: A Sub-Analysis of the PRASTRO-I Randomized Controlled Trial. J Atheroscler Thromb 2020; 28:169-180. [PMID: 32493881 PMCID: PMC7957026 DOI: 10.5551/jat.56093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The efficacy of antiplatelet therapy may vary among different disease subtypes. Prasugrel is generally a more potent, consistent, and fast-acting platelet inhibitor than clopidogrel. This sub-analysis of the phase III comparison of PRAsugrel and clopidogrel in Japanese patients with ischemic STROke (PRASTRO-I) trial aimed to assess the differences in efficacy of these treatments for each stroke subtype. Methods: In the PRASTRO-I trial, a total of 3,753 patients with ischemic stroke were recruited from 224 centers throughout Japan and randomized (1:1) to prasugrel (3.75 mg/day) or clopidogrel (75 mg/day) for 96 weeks. For the sub-analysis, strokes were classified as large-artery atherosclerosis, small-artery occlusion (lacunar), stroke of other etiology, and stroke of undetermined etiology. The cumulative incidence of primary events (ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and death from other vascular cause) and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for each subgroup. Results: For patients with large-artery atherosclerosis, the primary event incidence was 3.8% in the prasugrel group and 4.8% in the clopidogrel group (HR 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.45–1.41). For patients with small-artery occlusion, the incidence was 3.3% in the prasugrel group and 3.9% in the clopidogrel group (HR 0.82; 95% CI 0.45–1.50). For patients with stroke of undetermined etiology, the incidence was 4.6% in the prasugrel group and 3.0% in the clopidogrel group (HR 1.56; 95% CI 0.90–2.72). The incidence of bleeding was similar across subtypes. Conclusions: Although statistical significance was not reached, the efficacy of prasugrel was potentially different between stroke subtypes, warranting further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University
| | - Kazunori Toyoda
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Takehiko Nagao
- Department of Neurology, Nippon Medical School, Tama-Nagayama Hospital
| | - Hiroshi Yamagami
- Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital
| | - Shinichiro Uchiyama
- International University of Health and Welfare, Center for Brain and Cerebral Vessels, Sanno Hospital and Sanno Medical Center
| | - Norio Tanahashi
- Department of Neurology, Saitama Medical University International Medical Center
| | | | - Kazuo Minematsu
- Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center
| | - Izumi Nagata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kokura Memorial Hospital
| | | | | | - Yasuo Ikeda
- Waseda University Faculty of Science and Engineering
| | - Toshiaki Shirai
- Clinical Development Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Kenji Abe
- Biostatistics & Data Management Department, R&D Division, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd
| | - Akira Ogawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University
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Zhang Z, Cao X, Bao X, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Sha D. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript protects synaptic structures in neurons after ischemic cerebral injury. Neuropeptides 2020; 81:102023. [PMID: 32005500 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2020.102023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine-regulated and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) is a neuropeptide with reported neuroprotective effects in ischemic cerebral injury. However, its mechanism has not yet been elucidated. Herein, we investigated the role and mechanism of CART in synaptic plasticity in neurons after ischemic cerebral stroke. We found that the survival rate of the oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) neurons was increased after CART treatment. Moreover, CART treatment significantly attenuated ischemia-induced neuronal synaptic damage and increased synaptophysin expression. In addition, the number of presynaptic vesicles was increased and the postsynaptic density (PSD) was thickened after CART treatment. Mechanistically, CART treatment enhanced the expression of Arc mRNA in a cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) dependent manner in OGD neurons, and blockade of CREB by KG-501 eliminated the protective effect of CART. Collectively, CART protected the synaptic structure in neurons after ischemic cerebral injury by increasing the Arc expression via upregulating p-CREB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Bao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dujuan Sha
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China; Institute of Functional Biomolecules, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Li B, Zhou B, Zhang MZ, Qin RQ, He Y. Extensive intracranial arterial dolichoectasia involving distal branches of intracranial arteries: two cases report and review of the literature. Int J Neurosci 2020; 131:1133-1138. [PMID: 32449866 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1774577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of noninvasive angiography techniques such as Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) and Computer Tomography Angiography (CTA), more and more patients with intracranial arterial dolichoectasia (IADE) have been found, and clinical studies on this kind of vascular abnormity have become hot subjects in neurology. We presented two young patients with IADE extensively involving the branches of intracranial arteries, which were different from patients described in other articles. A young male patient was diagnosed with IADE after examination on admission, and further detailed examination revealed that the patient had osteropathia striata. Another young woman had an arterial malformation that mainly affected the distal branch of the intracranial artery. These two cases give us another perspective to look into IADE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Zhou
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ming-Zhao Zhang
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rong-Qing Qin
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang He
- Vascular Interventional Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Abstract
Experimental models of cardiac disease play a key role in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease and developing new therapies. The features of the experimental models should reflect the clinical phenotype, which can have a wide spectrum of underlying mechanisms. We review characteristics of commonly used experimental models of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology in all translational steps including in vitro, small animal, and large animal models. Understanding their characteristics and relevance to clinical disease is the key for successful translation to effective therapies.
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50
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Mecoli CA, Perin J, Van Eyk JE, Zhu J, Fu Q, Allmon AG, Rao Y, Zeger S, Wigley FM, Hummers LK, Shah AA. Vascular biomarkers and digital ulcerations in systemic sclerosis: results from a randomized controlled trial of oral treprostinil (DISTOL-1). Clin Rheumatol 2020; 39:1199-1205. [PMID: 31858338 PMCID: PMC8211019 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04863-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although there is abundant evidence of vascular perturbation from studies of peripheral blood in systemic sclerosis (SSc), there are few data about the ability to use biomarkers of vascular injury and growth factors to predict vascular outcomes and response to therapy. We sought to explore the association between candidate vascular biomarkers and digital ulcerations (DU) in a clinical trial context. METHODS We examined 19 circulating vascular, angiogenic, and inflammatory biomarkers in 124 patients with scleroderma and DU who participated in a randomized controlled trial of oral treprostinil diolamine (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00775463). Correlation, regression, and random forest analyses were conducted to assess biomarker relationships in response to drug treatment. RESULTS Over the 20-week trial, 82 (66%) patients had their cardinal ulcer completely heal, 54 (44%) developed new ulcers, and 72 (58%) had complete healing of all ulcers; mean change in ulcer burden comparing week 20 with baseline was - 0.36 ± 1.70. Nineteen biomarkers were analyzed for their association and ability to predict clinical DU outcomes. After adjusting for multiple comparisons, no individual biomarker (baseline level, week 20 level, or change over time) was significantly associated with any of the clinical outcomes, suggesting that traditional vascular, angiogenic or inflammatory drivers are not predictive of ulcer fate. CONCLUSIONS The lack of strong response to any of the vascular, angiogenic, or inflammatory markers suggest that these pathways are not primary drivers in the development of DU clinical outcomes in a SSc population with prevalent DU. KEY POINTS • Currently we lack robust biomarkers to predict vascular outcomes or response to therapy in scleroderma patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.• Longitudinal assessment of vascular biomarkers in a clinical trial setting provides a unique opportunity to define biomarkers that predict vascular outcomes.• In a randomized controlled trial of oral treprostinil diolamine for treatment of scleroderma-associated digital ulcers, biomarkers involved in several vascular, inflammatory, and angiogenic pathways did not predict short-term clinical response to therapy or digital ulcer outcomes.• Further study of these and other biomarkers should be considered in Raynaud's clinical trials in scleroderma patients without prevalent digital ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Mecoli
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jamie Perin
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E3650, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 9th Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Jie Zhu
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 9th Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Qin Fu
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd., Advanced Health Sciences Pavilion, 9th Floor, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Andrew G Allmon
- United Therapeutics, 1040 Spring Street, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Youlan Rao
- United Therapeutics, 1040 Spring Street, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Scott Zeger
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Room E3650, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Fredrick M Wigley
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Laura K Hummers
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ami A Shah
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Ave, MFL Bldg, Center Tower, Suite 4100, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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