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Wang Z, Zhang G, Hu S, Fu M, Zhang P, Zhang K, Hao L, Chen S. Research progress on the protective effect of hormones and hormone drugs in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116764. [PMID: 38805965 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a condition where the heart muscle does not receive enough blood flow, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Restoring blood flow to the coronary artery is an effective clinical therapy for myocardial ischemia. This strategy helps lower the size of the myocardial infarction and improves the prognosis of patients. Nevertheless, if the disrupted blood flow to the heart muscle is restored within a specific timeframe, it leads to more severe harm to the previously deprived heart tissue. This condition is referred to as myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). Until now, there is a dearth of efficacious strategies to prevent and manage MIRI. Hormones are specialized substances that are produced directly into the circulation by endocrine organs or tissues in humans and animals, and they have particular effects on the body. Hormonal medications utilize human or animal hormones as their active components, encompassing sex hormones, adrenaline medications, thyroid hormone medications, and others. While several studies have examined the preventive properties of different endocrine hormones, such as estrogen and hormone analogs, on myocardial injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion, there are other hormone analogs whose mechanisms of action remain unexplained and whose safety cannot be assured. The current study is on hormones and hormone medications, elucidating the mechanism of hormone pharmaceuticals and emphasizing the cardioprotective effects of different endocrine hormones. It aims to provide guidance for the therapeutic use of drugs and offer direction for the examination of MIRI in clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Gaojiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shan Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Meilin Fu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Pingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Liying Hao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Sichong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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Ni D, Lin X, Deng C, Yuan L, Li J, Liu Y, Liang P, Jiang B. Energy Metabolism: From Physiological Changes to Targets in Sepsis-induced Cardiomyopathy. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00114-3. [PMID: 38734307 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response syndrome caused by a variety of dysregulated responses to host infection with life-threatening multi-organ dysfunction. Among the injuries or dysfunctions involved in the course of sepsis, cardiac injury and dysfunction often occur and are associated with the pathogenesis of hemodynamic disturbances, also defined as sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC). The process of myocardial metabolism is tightly regulated and adapts to various cardiac output demands. The heart is a metabolically flexible organ capable of utilizing all classes of energy substrates, including carbohydrates, lipids, amino acids, and ketone bodies to produce ATP. The demand of cardiac cells for energy metabolism changes substantially in septic cardiomyopathy with distinct etiological causes and different times. This review describes changes in cardiomyocyte energy metabolism under normal physiological conditions and some features of myocardial energy metabolism in septic cardiomyopathy, and briefly outlines the role of the mitochondria as a center of energy metabolism in the septic myocardium, revealing that changes in energy metabolism can serve as a potential future therapy for infectious cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Xiaofang Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Chuanhuang Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Ludong Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Pengfei Liang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bimei Jiang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan China.
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Chakraborty P, Po SS, Scherlag BJ, Dasari TW. The neurometabolic axis: A novel therapeutic target in heart failure. Life Sci 2023; 333:122122. [PMID: 37774940 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal cardiac metabolism or cardiac metabolic remodeling is reported before the onset of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and is known to trigger and maintain the mechanical dysfunction and electrical, and structural abnormalities of the ventricle. A dysregulated cardiac autonomic tone characterized by sympathetic overdrive with blunted parasympathetic activation is another pathophysiological hallmark of HF. Emerging evidence suggests a link between autonomic nervous system activity and cardiac metabolism. Chronic β-adrenergic activation promotes maladaptive metabolic remodeling whereas cholinergic activation attenuates the metabolic aberrations through favorable modulation of key metabolic regulatory molecules. Restoration of sympathovagal balance by neuromodulation strategies is emerging as a novel nonpharmacological treatment strategy in HF. The current review attempts to evaluate the 'neuro-metabolic axis' in HFrEF and whether neuromodulation can mitigate the adverse metabolic remodeling in HFrEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praloy Chakraborty
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sunny S Po
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Benjamin J Scherlag
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tarun W Dasari
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Rhythm Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Su M, Wang J, Xiang G, Do HN, Levitz J, Miao Y, Huang XY. Structural basis of agonist specificity of α 1A-adrenergic receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4819. [PMID: 37563160 PMCID: PMC10415349 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40524-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play critical roles in the cardiovascular and nervous systems where they regulate blood pressure, cognition, and metabolism. However, the lack of specific agonists for all α1 subtypes has limited our understanding of the physiological roles of different α1-AR subtypes, and led to the stagnancy in agonist-based drug development for these receptors. Here we report cryo-EM structures of α1A-AR in complex with heterotrimeric G-proteins and either the endogenous common agonist epinephrine or the α1A-AR-specific synthetic agonist A61603. These structures provide molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying the discrimination between α1A-AR and α1B-AR by A61603. Guided by the structures and corresponding molecular dynamics simulations, we engineer α1A-AR mutants that are not responsive to A61603, and α1B-AR mutants that can be potently activated by A61603. Together, these findings advance our understanding of the agonist specificity for α1-ARs at the molecular level, opening the possibility of rational design of subtype-specific agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minfei Su
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jinan Wang
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Guoqing Xiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen Do
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
| | - Xin-Yun Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Perez DM. α 1-Adrenergic Receptors: Insights into Potential Therapeutic Opportunities for COVID-19, Heart Failure, and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4188. [PMID: 36835598 PMCID: PMC9963459 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are members of the G-Protein Coupled Receptor superfamily and with other related receptors (β and α2), they are involved in regulating the sympathetic nervous system through binding and activation by norepinephrine and epinephrine. Traditionally, α1-AR antagonists were first used as anti-hypertensives, as α1-AR activation increases vasoconstriction, but they are not a first-line use at present. The current usage of α1-AR antagonists increases urinary flow in benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-AR agonists are used in septic shock, but the increased blood pressure response limits use for other conditions. However, with the advent of genetic-based animal models of the subtypes, drug design of highly selective ligands, scientists have discovered potentially newer uses for both agonists and antagonists of the α1-AR. In this review, we highlight newer treatment potential for α1A-AR agonists (heart failure, ischemia, and Alzheimer's disease) and non-selective α1-AR antagonists (COVID-19/SARS, Parkinson's disease, and posttraumatic stress disorder). While the studies reviewed here are still preclinical in cell lines and rodent disease models or have undergone initial clinical trials, potential therapeutics discussed here should not be used for non-approved conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Targeting Adrenergic Receptors in Metabolic Therapies for Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115783. [PMID: 34071350 PMCID: PMC8198887 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart has a reduced capacity to generate sufficient energy when failing, resulting in an energy-starved condition with diminished functions. Studies have identified numerous changes in metabolic pathways in the failing heart that result in reduced oxidation of both glucose and fatty acid substrates, defects in mitochondrial functions and oxidative phosphorylation, and inefficient substrate utilization for the ATP that is produced. Recent early-phase clinical studies indicate that inhibitors of fatty acid oxidation and antioxidants that target the mitochondria may improve heart function during failure by increasing compensatory glucose oxidation. Adrenergic receptors (α1 and β) are a key sympathetic nervous system regulator that controls cardiac function. β-AR blockers are an established treatment for heart failure and α1A-AR agonists have potential therapeutic benefit. Besides regulating inotropy and chronotropy, α1- and β-adrenergic receptors also regulate metabolic functions in the heart that underlie many cardiac benefits. This review will highlight recent studies that describe how adrenergic receptor-mediated metabolic pathways may be able to restore cardiac energetics to non-failing levels that may offer promising therapeutic strategies.
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Perez DM. Current Developments on the Role of α 1-Adrenergic Receptors in Cognition, Cardioprotection, and Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:652152. [PMID: 34113612 PMCID: PMC8185284 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.652152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The α1-adrenergic receptors (ARs) are G-protein coupled receptors that bind the endogenous catecholamines, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. They play a key role in the regulation of the sympathetic nervous system along with β and α2-AR family members. While all of the adrenergic receptors bind with similar affinity to the catecholamines, they can regulate different physiologies and pathophysiologies in the body because they couple to different G-proteins and signal transduction pathways, commonly in opposition to one another. While α1-AR subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1C) have long been known to be primary regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, blood pressure, and cardiac hypertrophy, their role in neurotransmission, improving cognition, protecting the heart during ischemia and failure, and regulating whole body and organ metabolism are not well known and are more recent developments. These advancements have been made possible through the development of transgenic and knockout mouse models and more selective ligands to advance their research. Here, we will review the recent literature to provide new insights into these physiological functions and possible use as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dianne M Perez
- The Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, United States
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