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Solovei A, Jané-Llopis E, Mercken L, Bustamante I, Kokole D, Mejía-Trujillo J, Medina Aguilar PS, Natera Rey G, O'Donnell A, Piazza M, Schmidt CS, Anderson P, de Vries H. Effect of Community Support on the Implementation of Primary Health Care-Based Measurement of Alcohol Consumption. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 23:224-236. [PMID: 35032246 PMCID: PMC8760585 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-021-01329-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol measurement delivered by health care providers in primary health care settings is an efficacious and cost-effective intervention to reduce alcohol consumption among patients. However, this intervention is not yet routinely implemented in practice. Community support has been recommended as a strategy to stimulate the delivery of alcohol measurement by health care providers, yet evidence on the effectiveness of community support in this regard is scarce. The current study used a pre-post quasi-experimental design in order to investigate the effect of community support in three Latin American municipalities in Colombia, Mexico, and Peru on health care providers' rates of measuring alcohol consumption in their patients. The analysis is based on the first 5 months of implementation. Moreover, the study explored possible mechanisms underlying the effects of community support, through health care providers' awareness of support, as well as their attitudes, subjective norms, self-efficacy, and subsequent intention toward delivering the intervention. An ANOVA test indicated that community support had a significant effect on health care providers' rates of measuring alcohol consumption in their patients (F (1, 259) = 4.56, p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.018). Moreover, a path analysis showed that community support had a significant indirect positive effect on providers' self-efficacy to deliver the intervention (b = 0.07, p = 0.008), which was mediated through awareness of support. Specifically, provision of community support resulted in a higher awareness of support among health care providers (b = 0.31, p < 0.001), which then led to higher self-efficacy to deliver brief alcohol advice (b = 0.23, p = 0.010). Results indicate that adoption of an alcohol measurement intervention by health care providers may be aided by community support, by directly impacting the rates of alcohol measurement sessions, and by increasing providers' self-efficacy to deliver this intervention, through increased awareness of support. Trial Registration ID: NCT03524599; Registered 15 May 2018; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03524599.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Solovei
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Eva Jané-Llopis
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Univ. Ramon Llull, ESADE, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, CAMH, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, Canada
| | - Liesbeth Mercken
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Open University, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Inés Bustamante
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Daša Kokole
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Amy O'Donnell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Marina Piazza
- School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Christiane Sybille Schmidt
- Center for Interdisciplinary Addiction Research (ZIS), Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Peter Anderson
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Baddiley-Clark Building, Richardson Road, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AX, UK
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Tennant EM, Tremblay MS, Faulkner G, Gainforth HL, Latimer-Cheung AE. Exploring Parents' Message Receipt and Message Enactment of the World's First Integrated Movement Behaviour Guidelines for Children and Youth. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 24:643-653. [PMID: 31608833 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2019.1651429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Children and Youth are novel in how they integrate the guideline recommendations for the full continuum of movement behaviours, from sleep to vigorous physical activity. Research suggests that the integrated guidelines strategy is perceived favourably, and this study is the first to compare this strategy to traditional segregated guidelines on its effectiveness to disseminate health information. Specifically, this study explored (1) the influence of the integrated guidelines strategy on parents' message receipt and message enactment to support their child meet the guidelines, and (2) the relationship between message receipt and message enactment in a youth movement behaviour context. In this prospective randomized experiment, parents (n= 162) were randomized to read integrated, segregated, or control guidelines and complete pre, post, and 2-week follow-up surveys. Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed significantly higher message enactment outcomes among participants in the integrated guidelines group (p< .05). Message receipt and enactment outcomes were significantly correlated (r> .171, p< .05). These findings highlight that parents' initial receipt of a message is important for subsequent behaviour change in a youth movement behaviour context. Furthermore, the integrated guidelines strategy may have an advantage in promoting guideline update and should continue to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Tennant
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather L Gainforth
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Kaasalainen K, Kasila K, Komulainen J, Malvela M, Poskiparta M. Changes in Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity Among Finnish Working-Age Men in the Adventures of Joe Finn Campaign. INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY OF COMMUNITY HEALTH EDUCATION 2018; 39:39-49. [PMID: 30479194 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x18811018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated changes in psychosocial factors and self-reported physical activity (PA) among the sample of Finnish men who underwent the fitness tests during the national health campaign. Another aim was to examine whether the fitness test feedback was a meaningful experience for PA change. Baseline data were collected in 2011 by fitness test and questionnaire. Men who had low/moderate fitness along with overweight ( n = 361) were recruited to the postcampaign study in 2014. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests, logistic regression analysis, and content analysis. The postcampaign survey was completed by 102 men. Positive PA change was associated with high goals, planning skills, and self-efficacy for PA. One fourth of men recalled that they had surprisingly poor fitness at baseline. This experience was not related to positive PA change. A fitness test may awake motivation, but promotion of self-efficacy and self-regulatory skills is needed to support concrete behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsti Kasila
- 1 Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jyrki Komulainen
- 2 Fit for Life Program, LIKES Foundation for Promotion of Physical Activity and Public Health, Finland
| | - Miia Malvela
- 2 Fit for Life Program, LIKES Foundation for Promotion of Physical Activity and Public Health, Finland
| | - Marita Poskiparta
- 1 Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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Faulkner G, Yun L, Tremblay MS, Spence JC. Exploring the impact of the 'new' ParticipACTION: overview and introduction of the special issue. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2018; 38:153-161. [PMID: 29671964 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.4.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
ParticipACTION is the Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization first launched in the fall of 1971 and then ceased operations in 2001. ParticipACTION was relaunched in 2007. Framed as a public health natural experiment, evidence was collected from a population-based survey of knowledge, awareness, understanding of physical activity, and physical activity levels among Canadians (individual level), and key informant surveys and interviews examining capacity, readiness and advocacy for physical activity promotion among physical activity organizations (organizational level). The purpose of this paper is to first provide an overview of some of the major initiatives undertaken by the 'new' ParticipACTION that may have contributed to any changes at these individual or organizational levels. Second, the paper sets the stage for the three empirical papers in this special series reporting follow-up results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lira Yun
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Ramanathan S, Faulkner G, Berry T, Deshpande S, Latimer-Cheung AE, Rhodes RE, Spence JC, Tremblay MS. Perceptions of organizational capacity to promote physical activity in Canada and ParticipACTION's influence five years after its relaunch: a qualitative study. HEALTH PROMOTION AND CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION IN CANADA-RESEARCH POLICY AND PRACTICE 2018; 38:170-178. [PMID: 29671966 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ParticipACTION is a Canadian physical activity communications and social marketing organization relaunched in 2007. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate organizational capacity for physical activity promotion among Canadian organizations, and the influence of ParticipACTION on capacity five years after relaunch. METHODS Using a purposive sampling strategy, semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 44 key informants representing national, provincial, and local organizations with a mandate to promote physical activity. Interview data were analyzed using a thematic analytic approach. RESULTS Organizational capacity in terms of partnerships and collaborations, and the general climate for physical activity promotion have improved since ParticipACTION's relaunch. Although financial resources reduced the ability of organizations to fulfil their mandates, internal factors such as skilled employees and sponsorships, and external factors such as technological improvements in communication and information sharing helped to offset this strain. There were mixed feelings on ParticipACTION's contribution to capacity. While ParticipACTION has brought more attention to inactivity, this was perceived as a complement to work already taking place. While some organizations perceived ParticipACTION's relaunch as competition to funding and access to popular media, others found it as an opportunity to co-brand social marketing campaigns, utilizing ParticipACTION's products and reputation. CONCLUSION According to participants, organizational capacity to promote physical activity in Canada has increased since 2007 in subtle but important ways because of a strong climate for physical activity promotion, skilled employees, and information sharing technology. Organizational capacity changes were minimally attributed to ParticipACTION.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Ramanathan
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tanya Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sameer Deshpande
- Faculty of Management, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Yun L, Berry TR. Examining implicit cognitions in the evaluation of a community-wide physical activity program. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2018; 69:10-17. [PMID: 29655059 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to incorporate measures of attentional bias and implicit attitudes in the evaluation of a community-wide physical activity program, UWALK, by examining the relationships among proximal, intermediate, and distal outcomes of the program as outlined in the hierarchy of effects model. UWALK incorporated various communication and marketing strategies via mass media, on- and off-line platforms. Participants (N = 127) reported unprompted then prompted awareness of UWALK followed by measures of attentional bias and implicit attitudes, watched a 30-second UWALK video, then completed a thought listing task and questionnaires measuring instrumental and affective attitudes, leisure time physical activity, and demographics. Results showed that participants with unprompted awareness of UWALK demonstrated attentional bias toward UWALK images, positive implicit attitudes, and greater physical activity participation compared to unaware counterparts. Attentional bias, awareness, and implicit attitudes significantly predicted behavior, accounting for 15.2% of the variance. This study emphasizes the importance of including measures of automatic cognitions during evaluation can further inform the effects of a program. The results also showed that it is problematic to assume that visiting a website indicates a program will be remembered and related cognitions will be affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lira Yun
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, W1-16A, Van Vliet Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada.
| | - Tanya R Berry
- Canada Research Chair, Physical Activity Promotion, University of Alberta, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, W1-16A, Van Vliet Centre, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2H9, Canada.
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Crozier AJ, Berry TR, Faulkner G. Examining the Relationship between Message Variables, Affective Reactions, and Parents' Instrumental Attitudes toward Their Child's Physical Activity: The "Mr. Lonely" Public Service Announcement. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2018; 23:477-484. [PMID: 29733769 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2018.1470206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between message variables and affective reactions with parents' attitudes after seeing a physical activity mass media public service announcement (PSA). It was hypothesized that there would be a positive relationship between message variables (i.e., personal relevance, novelty of information, and feelings toward sponsoring organization) and parents' attitudes toward their child/children's physical activity after viewing the PSA. Furthermore, we explored whether discrete affective reactions were related to attitudes, beyond the effect of message variables. A secondary data analysis was conducted with parental responses to an online campaign evaluation survey (n = 267). Hierarchical regression analyses showed an overall positive relationship between all three message variables and attitudes. Furthermore, two discrete affective reactions were positively related to attitudes. Parents who endorsed feeling motivated or guilty after viewing the advertisement had more positive attitudes toward their children's physical activity levels. This study represents an ecologically valid assessment of how message variables and affective reactions are related to attitudes within the context of a physical activity mass media campaign. The results provide guidance for the effective design of mass media physical activity campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson J Crozier
- a Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity; School of Health Sciences, Division of Health Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Tanya R Berry
- b Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta , Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- c School of Kinesiology , University of British Columbia , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada
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Spence JC, Faulkner G, Lee EY, Berry T, Cameron C, Deshpande S, Latimer-Cheung AE, Rhodes RE, Tremblay MS. Awareness of ParticipACTION among Canadian adults: a seven-year cross-sectional follow-up. Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2018; 38:179-186. [PMID: 29671967 PMCID: PMC5983882 DOI: 10.24095/hpcdp.38.4.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this cross-sectional follow-up study, we explored Canadian's awareness of ParticipACTION and their levels of physical activity (PA) after seven years of campaigns. METHODS A population-based survey was conducted with 7282 adults over a period of 14 months from February 2014 to May 2015. The survey consisted of questions on the 2014-2015 Physical Activity Monitor relating to awareness and knowledge of ParticipACTION. Weighted logistic models were constructed to examine whether awareness was associated with PA-related beliefs, intentions, and leisure time physical activity (LTPA). RESULTS Approximately 20% of Canadians reported unprompted awareness of ParticipACTION and 82% reported prompted awareness. Education, income, and having children were significant correlates of awareness among Canadians. The adjusted odds of people being aware of ParticipACTION (prompted and unprompted) were greater if they were more educated (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.04-2.39; OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.24-3.24), reported higher income (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 2.35-6.53; OR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.44-3.62), and had children (OR = 1.93, 95% CI: 1.40-2.66; OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.26-2.30). Furthermore, awareness of ParticipACTION was positively associated with outcome expectations and self-efficacy, and negatively associated with LTPA status. CONCLUSION Levels of unprompted awareness of ParticipACTION are higher than previously reported and, in comparison to active Canadians, inactive Canadians are more likely to be aware of the organization. Given that it had primarily targeted parents of inactive children over the past seven years, it appears the organization has been partially effective in achieving its communication goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Spence
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eun-Young Lee
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tanya Berry
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Christine Cameron
- Canadian Fitness and Lifestyle Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sameer Deshpande
- Faculty of Management, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amy E Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Heredia NI, Lee M, Reininger BM. Exposure to a community-wide campaign is associated with physical activity and sedentary behavior among Hispanic adults on the Texas-Mexico border. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:883. [PMID: 29145821 PMCID: PMC5689162 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite evidence for the use of community-wide campaigns to promote physical activity, few evaluations of community–wide campaigns in Hispanic communities exist. This study assessed the associations of exposure to a community-wide campaign with physical activity and sedentary behavior among Hispanic adults living on the Texas-Mexico border. Methods The intervention, Tu Salud ¡Si Cuenta! (Your Health Matters!; TSSC), included a newsletter, community health worker discussion, TV and radio segments, which were conducted from 2005 to 2010. We matched an intervention (N = 399) and a control community (N = 400) on demographics and used a cross-sectional assessment in 2010 with randomly sampled adults from both communities. We collected exposure to the campaign, as well as physical activity and sedentary behavior with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We conducted bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models to assess the association of TSSC exposure and its components with meeting moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) guidelines and exhibiting excessive sedentary behavior, controlling for covariates. Results As compared to the control community, the intervention community has 3 times the odds of meeting MVPA guidelines (Adjusted OR [AOR] = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.85–4.88, p < .05) and 2 times lower odds of excessive sedentary behavior ((AOR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.30–0.70, p < .05). Exposure in the intervention group to any component was associated with five times the odds of meeting MVPA guidelines (AOR = 5.10, 95% CI 2.88–9.03, p < .001) and 3 times lower odds of excessive sedentary behavior (AOR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.17–0.60, p < .001), compared with those unexposed in the control community. Exposure to newsletters, CHW discussions and TV segments were associated with significantly lower odds of excessive sedentary behavior and higher odds of meeting MVPA guidelines. Exposure to radio segments was only associated with a significantly higher odds of meeting MVPA guidelines (AOR = 4.21, 95% CI = 1.17–15.09). Conclusions This study provides some evidence of the association of community-wide campaigns and its components in Hispanic communities with higher levels of MVPA and lower levels of excessive sedentary behavior. Trial registration number NCT00788879 Date: November 11, 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Heredia
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Research, 7000 Fannin St, Suite 2576E, Houston, Texas, 77030, USA.
| | - MinJae Lee
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Belinda M Reininger
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, School of Public Health, Brownsville Regional Campus, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sancassiani F, Cocco A, Cossu G, Lorrai S, Trincas G, Floris F, Mellino G, Machado S, Nardi AE, Fabrici EP, Preti A, Carta MG. "VelaMente?!" - Sailin in a Crew to Improve Self-Efficacy in People with Psychosocial Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2017; 13:200-212. [PMID: 29238396 PMCID: PMC5712647 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901713010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It has been proposed that sailing can improve quality of life, personal and social skills of people with severe psychosocial disabilities. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a psychosocial rehabilitative intervention focused on sailing on quality of life, self-efficacy and sense of coherence in people with severe psychosocial disabilities. METHODS The study was a randomized, with parallel groups, waiting-list controlled trial. Participants were 51 people with severe psychosocial disabilities. The intervention was a structured course to learn sailing in a crew lasting three months. A randomized group began the sailing course immediately after a pre-treatment assessment; the waitlist group began the sailing course after a three months period of treatments as usual. Participants were assessed before and after the sailing course, or the waiting list period, on the General Self-Efficacy scale (GSES), Sense Of Coherence scale (SOC) and Health Survey-short form (SF-12). RESULTS Self-efficacy significantly increased after the sailing course and decreased after treatment as usual (p=0.015). Sense of coherence and the levels of quality of life tended to improve after the sailing course, albeit below levels of statistical significance. CONCLUSION When compared to more traditional psychosocial rehabilitative activities, an intervention focused on sailing in a crew positively impacts the sense of coherence and the levels of quality of life and significantly improves self-efficacy of people with severe psychosocial disabilities. Further longitudinal research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Sancassiani
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Alessio Cocco
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giulia Cossu
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorrai
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Trincas
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Francesca Floris
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gisa Mellino
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sergio Machado
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil
- Physical Activity Neuroscience, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate Program - Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Antonio Egidio Nardi
- Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IPUB/UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, (RJ), Brazil
| | | | - Antonello Preti
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Center of Liaison Psychiatry and Psychosomatic, University Hospital, Cagliari, Italy
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Wirtz PW, Rohrbeck CA. Efficacy for Dealing With Terrorism Precautionary Behavior: Laying the Groundwork for Communication Effectiveness. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2017; 22:829-838. [PMID: 28956713 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2017.1363323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to formulate effective communication and intervention strategies to respond to the widespread lack of preparedness for public health crises resulting from natural and human-made disasters, researchers have developed models describing the interrelationships between factors associated with emergency preparedness decisions. Empirical research has generally assumed that two key elements of most health behavior theories-self-efficacy and response efficacy-additively influence the decision to prepare, despite compelling theoretical rationale for an interactive relationship. The few studies that have investigated interactions in preparedness outcomes have not tested the Social Cognitive Theory prediction that non-zero levels of both efficacy types are required before individuals will engage in any preparedness behavior. Based on the responses of 3,101 participants in the National Survey of Disaster Experiences and Preparedness, this study tested additive, interactive, and conditional main effect hypotheses about the influence of self-efficacy and response efficacy for dealing with terrorism on preparedness due to terrorism six years after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. A significant self-efficacy × response efficacy interaction effect on preparedness was found, in addition to a significant response efficacy effect when perceived self-efficacy was zero, contrary to the expectation from Social Cognitive Theory. These results offer insights into the cognitive processes underlying individuals' decisions to prepare for disasters such as terrorist attacks, and highlight the importance of considering more complex theory-based cognitive interaction models in designing effective communication strategies to facilitate individual emergency preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip W Wirtz
- a Department of Decision Sciences , The George Washington University , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
| | - Cynthia A Rohrbeck
- b Department of Psychology , The George Washington University , Washington , District of Columbia , USA
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deRuiter WK, Cairney J, Leatherdale S, Faulkner G. The period prevalence of risk behavior co-occurrence among Canadians. Prev Med 2016; 85:11-16. [PMID: 26658026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the benefits of complying with health recommendations is well documented, a considerable proportion of Canadians engage in multiple modifiable risk behaviors. The purpose of this multi-wave longitudinal study was to identify the individual period prevalence and co-occurrence of multiple modifiable risk behaviors, particularly excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and tobacco use, within a nationally representative sample of Canadians. METHODS Secondary data analysis was conducted on the first seven cycles of the National Population Health Survey. This longitudinal sample included 15,167 Canadians aged 12years of age or older. Gender-specific criteria were employed to define excessive alcohol consumption. Individuals expending <3.0kcal/kg/day during their leisure-time and smoking cigarettes (daily or occasionally) met the criteria for physical inactivity and tobacco use, respectively. RESULTS The period prevalence of the Canadian general population that participated in multiple risk behaviors was 21.5% in cycle 7. The most common pairwise combination of co-occurring risk behaviors was physical inactivity and smoking. The proportion of Canadians reporting the co-occurrence of all three risk behaviors in cycle 7 was 2.6%. CONCLUSIONS Understanding patterns of modifiable risk behaviors is an initial step in developing and implementing public health interventions. The co-occurrence of these three risk behaviors is a viable concern for one in five Canadians. For these individuals, the likelihood of encountering premature morbidity and mortality is escalated. As the majority of Canadians reported being physically inactive, allocating limited resources towards enhancing leisure-time physical activity levels could have significant population-level implications for improving the health of Canadians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne K deRuiter
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada; Nicotine Dependence Service, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 175 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1P7, Canada.
| | - John Cairney
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, 100 Main Street West, 6th Floor, Hamilton, ON L8P 1H6, Canada; Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences and Kinesiology, McMaster University, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON L8N 3K7, Canada
| | - Scott Leatherdale
- School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Guy Faulkner
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, 55 Harbord Street, Toronto, ON M5S 2W6, Canada; School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, 2146 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
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