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Raj P, Dubey A. Comprehending Health of the Transgender Population in India Through Bibliometric Analysis. Int J Public Health 2024; 69:1606598. [PMID: 38665638 PMCID: PMC11043523 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2024.1606598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: In India research on health issues of transgender populations are very recent and limited though transgenders are an important sub-group of the population. Hence, this study attempts to understand the state of transgender health research in India through a systematic review of literature. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using bibliometric analysis. Initially, 132 studies were identified, and only 37 articles meeting selection criteria were subsequently selected for review using PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The research landscape was examined with tools such as Biblioshiny, Arc-GIS (10.1), and Vos-Viewer. Results: The review highlights that existing literature on transgender health in India mainly focuses on sexual health while neglecting their overall health status. It also emphasises the skewed geographical coverage of these studies. Based on the analysis, the interdisciplinary nature of the subject is illustrated in a three-field plot and through term co-occurrence. These indicate the need for culture-specific gender-affirmative services promoting a holistic approach to comprehend the health of transgender populations in India. Conclusion: In India research on transgender health is lopsided and at an initial stage. There is a need to develop diverse research focus on various health issues of transgenders that should also be geographically representative. Future in-depth research on this subject will enable optimizing resource allocation, developing effective gender-inclusive policies, and support holistic planning for better health status of transgender people in India, and other countries with similar socio-cultural background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papia Raj
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar, India
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Mo PKH, Xin M, Wang Z, Lau JTF, Ye X, Hui KH, Yu FY, Lee HH. Patterns of sex behaviors and factors associated with condomless anal intercourse during the COVID-19 pandemic among men who have sex with men in Hong Kong: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300988. [PMID: 38573984 PMCID: PMC10994335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study examined the patterns of sex behaviors before and during COVID-19, and identified the factors associated with condomless anal intercourse during COVID-19 from individual, interpersonal, and contextual level among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Hong Kong. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among MSM in Hong Kong. A total of 463 MSM completed a cross-sectional telephone survey between March 2021 and January 2022. RESULTS Among all participants, the mean number of regular sex partners, non-regular sex partners, and casual sex partners during the COVID-19 period were 1.24, 2.09, and 0.08 respectively. Among those who had sex with regular, non-regular, and casual sex partner during the COVID-19 period, respectively 52.4%, 31.8% and 46.7% reported condomless anal intercourse. Compared to the pre-COVID-19 period, participants reported significantly fewer number of regular and non-regular sex partners during the COVID-19 period. However, a higher level of condomless anal intercourse with all types of sex partners during the COVID-19 period was also observed. Adjusted for significant socio-demographic variables, results from logistic regression analyses revealed that perceived severity of COVID-19 (aOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58, 0.88), COVID-19 risk reduction behaviors in general (aOR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.48, 0.96), COVID-19 risk reduction behaviors during sex encounters (aOR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.30, 0.66), condom negotiation (aOR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.44, 0.86), and collective efficacy (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64, 0.98) were protective factors of condomless anal intercourse with any type of sex partners during the COVID-19 period. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 control measures have caused a dramatic impact on the sexual behavior of MSM in Hong Kong. Interventions that promote condom use during the COVID-19 pandemic are still needed and such interventions could emphasize prevention of both COVID-19 and HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoenix K. H. Mo
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Meiqi Xin
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zixin Wang
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph T. F. Lau
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchen Ye
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kam Hei Hui
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fuk Yuen Yu
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ho Hin Lee
- Center for Health Behaviours Research, JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Aghaei A, Sakhaei A, Khalilimeybodi A, Qiao S, Li X. Impact of Mass Media on HIV/AIDS Stigma Reduction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AIDS Behav 2023; 27:3414-3429. [PMID: 37046030 PMCID: PMC10096105 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
HIV-related stigma is a major barrier to HIV testing and care engagement. Despite efforts to use mass media to address HIV-related stigma, their impact on reducing HIV-related stigma remains unclear. Thus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed publications quantitatively examining the impact of mass media exposure on HIV-related stigma reduction and published from January 1990 to December 2020. Of 388 articles found in the initial screening from scientific databases, 19 met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Sixteen articles reported the quantitative effect of mass media exposure on HIV-related stigma and were included in the meta-analysis. Systematic review results showed considerable heterogeneity in studied populations with a few interventions and longitudinal studies. Results suggested a higher interest in utilizing mass media by health policymakers in developing countries with greater HIV prevalence to reduce HIV-related stigma. Meta-analysis results showed a modest impact of mass media use on HIV-related stigma reduction. Despite heterogeneity in the impact of mass media on HIV-related stigma, Egger's regression test and funnel graph indicated no evidence for publication bias. Results demonstrated an increase in the impact of mass media on reducing HIV-related stigma over time and no correlation between the HIV prevalence in countries and the impact of mass media. In summary, mass media exposure has a modest and context-specific impact on HIV-related stigma reduction. More large-scale mass media interventions and studies addressing the impact of mass media on different forms of stigma are required to inform policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Aghaei
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
- , 915 Greene St., Discovery I Bldg., Floor 4, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
| | - Ayoub Sakhaei
- Department of Sociology, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
| | - Ali Khalilimeybodi
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shan Qiao
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion Education and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Chakrapani V, Newman PA, Shunmugam M, Rawat S, Mohan BR, Baruah D, Tepjan S. A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people's health in India. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001362. [PMID: 37079524 PMCID: PMC10118178 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people's health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Chakrapani
- Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India
- The Humsafar Trust, Mumbai, India
| | - Peter A. Newman
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- VOICES-Thailand Foundation, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Murali Shunmugam
- Centre for Sexuality and Health Research and Policy (C-SHaRP), Chennai, India
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Carneiro AMF, Rodrigues YC, Dolabela MF, Lima LNGC, Guimarães RJDPS, Kendall C, Kerr LRFS, Lima KVB. Social Experiences, Discrimination, and Violence among Men Who Have Sex with Men in a Northern Brazilian Capital. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11070964. [PMID: 37046891 PMCID: PMC10094014 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Men who have sex with men who suffer stigmatization and discrimination become more fragile in facing life’s problems, such as the search for treatment in health services. In the present study, the social aspects related to discrimination and violence among men who have sex with men in Belém, Pará, are evaluated. Data were obtained by applying the respondent-driven sampling method to recruit 349 participants aged 18 years or older and who reported having had at least one sexual relationship with a man in the last 12 months. Data were collected from June to December 2016 in a semi-structured interview. Five seeds were initially recruited who applied RDS. The vast majority were between 18 and 35 years old, had completed elementary school but not high school, and were of mixed race. Almost a third lived in peripheral neighborhoods and were employed/self-employed. Additionally, most participants reported having suffered aggression/discrimination, more often in religious contexts, with family or in health services. The findings reported here may contribute to the development of public policies aimed at this population and indicate the need for new strategies to combat sexually transmitted infections, stigma, and discrimination suffered by this population.
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Cheng P, Zhou Y, Zhou S, Yang S. Understanding public protective behavioural intention during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Moderating effects of proxy efficacy and collective efficacy. JOURNAL OF CONTINGENCIES AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/1468-5973.12451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cheng
- Department of Marketing & Logistics Management Nanjing University of Finance and Economics Nanjing Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - YaPing Zhou
- Office Affairs Service Center of Zhucheng City Zhucheng City Shandong Province People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Nanjing Railway Transport Procuratorate Nanjing Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Yang
- College of Economics and Management China Agricultural University Beijing People's Republic of China
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Tao Y, Xiao X, Ma J, Wang H. The relationship between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management among men who have sex with men: The chain mediating role of social support and self-efficacy. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1094575. [PMID: 36600713 PMCID: PMC9807034 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1094575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV infection becomes a manageable disease, and self-management is one of the key indicators of achieving optimal health outcomes. Men who have sex with men (MSM) living with HIV face many psychosocial challenges when managing HIV infection, such as sexual minority pressure and HIV-related stigma. Higher perceived HIV-related stigma had been related to low self-management. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management are unclear. Two possible mediators include social support and self-efficacy. This study aimed to examine the relationship between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management among MSM living with HIV and to explore the single mediating effect of social support and self-efficacy and the chain mediating effect of these two variables on this relationship in China. Convenience sampling was used to recruit participants from the Center for Disease Control (CDC) in Changsha City, Hunan province, China. A total of 459 MSM living with HIV completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographic and disease-related information, HIV-related stigma, social support, self-efficacy, and HIV self-management. Descriptive statistics analysis, one-way ANOVA, independent t-tests, Pearson's bivariate correlation, and multiple regression were conducted using the SPSS v24.0. Process macro in SPSS was used to analyze the single and chain mediating effect among variables. Our findings showed that the indirect and total effect of HIV-related stigma on HIV self-management was significant, while the direct effect was not statistically significant. Social support and self-efficacy mediated the relationship between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management, respectively. Moreover, the chain mediating model confirmed that the association between HIV-related stigma and HIV self-management was mediated by social support and self-efficacy sequentially. Future interventions focusing on improving HIV self-management among MSM living with HIV should consider a multi-faced approach.
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Septarini NW, Hendriks J, Maycock B, Burns S. Methodologies of Stigma-Related Research Amongst Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) and Transgender People in Asia and the Pacific Low/Middle Income Countries (LMICs): A Scoping Review. FRONTIERS IN REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 2021; 3:688568. [PMID: 36304052 PMCID: PMC9580832 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2021.688568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Much stigma-related research focuses on marginalized populations, including men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender people. The importance of research in this area is widely recognized, however methodologies and measures vary between studies. This scoping review will collate existing information about how stigma-related research has been conducted in low/middle income countries (LMICs) within the Asia Pacific region, and will compare research designs, sampling frameworks, and measures. Strengths and limitations of these studies will inform recommendations for future stigma-related health research. A methodological framework for scoping studies was applied. Searches of Psych INFO, Scopus, ProQuest, Global Health and PubMed were used to identify articles. Stigma-related research amongst MSM and transgender communities, published between 2010 and 2019 in LMICs within the Asia Pacific region were included. A total of 129 articles based on 123 different studies were included. Of the 129 articles 51.19% (n = 66) were quantitative; 44.96% (n = 57) were qualitative and 3.88% (n = 5) were mixed methods studies. The majority of studies (n = 57; 86.36%) implemented a cross sectional survey. In-depth interviews (n = 20, 34.48%) were also common. Only 3.88% of studies utilized mixed-methods design. Non-probabilistic and probabilistic sampling methods were employed in 99.22 and 0.78% of studies respectively. The most common measures used in quantitative studies were the Center for Epidemiological Study on Depression (CES-D) (n = 18) and the Self Stigma Scale (SSS) (n = 6). Strengths and limitations proposed by researchers included in this review are summarized as lesson learnt and best practices in stigma-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Wayan Septarini
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Community and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
- *Correspondence: Ni Wayan Septarini ;
| | - Jacqueline Hendriks
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
- Collaboration for Evidence, Research and Impact in Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Bruce Maycock
- European Center for Environmental and Human Health, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Sharyn Burns
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Pandya AK, Redcay A. Access to health services: Barriers faced by the transgender population in India. JOURNAL OF GAY & LESBIAN MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/19359705.2020.1850592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Apurva kumar Pandya
- Department of Public Health, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Alex Redcay
- Department of Social Work, Millersville University of Pennsylvania, Millersville, Pennsylvania, USA
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Khan S. Examining HIV/AIDS-Related Stigma at Play: Power, Structure, and Implications for HIV Interventions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2020; 35:1509-1519. [PMID: 31409169 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2019.1652386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Drawing on critical theoretical perspectives and ethnographic field research related to HIV/AIDS in northern India, this paper argues for a cultured-centered approach to stigma reduction interventions and communication practices that are based on an assessment of larger social and structural processes on the one hand and the lived experiences and narratives of people living with HIV (PLWH) on the other. This paper suggests that while the complex nature of stigma, particularly as it relates to HIV/AIDS, makes it difficult to understand and respond to, this problem is further exacerbated by a largely individual and behavior-centered research that still dominates the field of Health Communication. Such research sees human cognition as the main source of stigma and underplays issues of power, structure, domination, and control. More specifically, and with concrete examples from the everyday lived experiences of PLWH - such as their experiences within family and health-care settings, this paper demonstrates how power and structure deeply impact their lives and remain central to their experience of (and resistance to) stigma, thus opening up space for alternative theorizing and practices in Health Communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamshad Khan
- Department of Communication, University of Texas at San Antonio
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