1
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Wright PJ, Tokunaga RS, Herbenick D. Pornography, identification, alcohol, and condomless sex. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 2024; 74:198-211. [PMID: 38841539 PMCID: PMC11149618 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Using national probability data from the 2022 National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior, the present study evaluated whether moderators of the association between frequency of pornography exposure and condomless sex are consistent with the sexual script acquisition, activation, application model's (3AM) suppositions about the facilitating effects of wishful identification and decreased self-regulation and forethought capacity. Consistent with the 3AM, two-way interaction effect analysis indicated that the strength of the positive association between exposure frequency and condomless sex increased as identification intensified. Inconsistent with the 3AM, two-way interaction effect analysis indicated that the association between exposure frequency and condomless sex was not significantly different among those who had and had not consumed alcohol before their last sexual encounter. However, the three-way interaction between exposure frequency, identification, and alcohol use did suggest a role for each 3AM moderator, as the catalyzing effect of identification was operable among those who had consumed alcohol only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wright
- The Media School, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Robert S Tokunaga
- Department of Communication, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, The School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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2
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Galper EF, Widman L, Brasileiro J, Noar SM. Adolescents' pornography viewing frequency and its relationship with condom attitudes. Sex Health 2024; 21:SH24025. [PMID: 38769682 DOI: 10.1071/sh24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background This study examined adolescent pornography viewing and its' relationship with condom attitudes. Methods Data were from 457 adolescents aged 13-18years old who completed an online survey assessing pornography viewing frequency and condom attitudes. Results Many adolescents in our sample had viewed pornography in the past year (n =188, 41%), with pornography viewing frequency being higher among older adolescents (P =0.02), those who have had sex in the past year (P =0.001), and those who identified as White (P =0.01), LGB+ (P =0.05), and male (P =0.001). Adolescents who viewed pornography more frequently had more negative condom attitudes (r =-0.18, P Conclusions A substantial proportion of adolescents in our sample viewed pornography and those who view more frequently had more negative condom attitudes. Results indicate a need for experimental studies examining this relationship and interventions addressing pornography literacy among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Galper
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Julia Brasileiro
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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3
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Zhang X, Fu T, Yang J, Li R, Liu X, Zheng L. Association Between Pornography Use, Sexism, and Sexual Violence Myth Acceptance in Chinese Men: The Moderating Effect of Perceived Realism. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38693691 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2346675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Pornography is spreading more and more widely due to websites, applications, and social media. It has attracted the attention of a large number of researchers who are sometimes divided on the impact of pornography. However, the relationship between pornography and sexual violence myths has received little scholarly attention in China. Based on the 3AM model and previous research, the study examined hostile sexism (HS) as a mediator and perceived realism as a moderator in the links between pornography use frequency and sexual violence myths in a sample of Chinese men (N = 376). The results showed that although pornography use and sexual violence myths did not directly correlate with one another, there was an indirect correlation through HS. Further, perceived realism moderated the relationship between pornography use frequency and HS. When participants' perceived realism was high (i.e. +1 SD), the indirect effect of HS was strong; when participants' perceived realism was low (i.e. -1 SD), the indirect effect of HS was not significant. Taken together, the findings reveal the cross-cultural consistency of the 3AM theory in China, and the findings provide new insight into the potential impact of pornography on sexism. At the same time, the results suggest an increase in appropriate education and interventions to reduce the incidence of sexual violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Tianqi Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Jin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Rongrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Lijun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
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4
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Morelli M, Nappa MR, Chirumbolo A, Wright PJ, Pabian S, Baiocco R, Costabile A, Longobardi E, Cattelino E. Is Adolescents' Cyber Dating Violence Perpetration Related to Problematic Pornography Use? The Moderating Role of Hostile Sexism. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38225910 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2024.2304495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence is an important public health problem. Cyber dating violence (CDV) is a form of intimate partner violence perpetrated within a dating relationship via new communication technologies. This study investigated the moderating roles of hostile and benevolent sexism in the relationship between problematic pornography use and CDV perpetration. The Cyber Pornography Use Inventory, the Cyber Dating Violence Inventory, and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory were completed by 421 Italian adolescents (M = 16.53; females = 63.7%). Results indicated that problematic pornography use was positively related to CDV perpetration. In addition, the relationship between problematic pornography use and CDV perpetration was found to be moderated by hostile sexism. In participants with low levels of hostile sexism, the relationship between problematic pornography use and CDV perpetration was not significant. Conversely, in those with high levels of hostile sexism, this relationship was stronger and significant. Benevolent sexism was not found to be a moderator in the relationship between problematic pornography use and CDV perpetration. Thus, hostile sexism could be a risk factor for the relationship between adolescents' problematic pornography use and their engagement in CDV. Conversely, low levels of hostile sexism could be a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Morelli
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome
| | | | | | | | - Sara Pabian
- Department of Communication and Cognition, Tilburg University
| | - Roberto Baiocco
- Department of Developmental & Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Angela Costabile
- Department of Culture, Education and Society (DiCES), University of Calabria
| | - Emiddia Longobardi
- Department of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Elena Cattelino
- Department of Human and Social Science, University of Valle d'Aosta
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5
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von Andrian-Werburg MTP, Klopp E, Schwab F. Fantasy Made Flesh - A Network Analysis of the Reciprocal Relationship between Sexual Fantasies, Pornography Usage, and Sexual Behavior. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:65-79. [PMID: 36809118 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2170964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Based on different theories in media research (3AM, catalyst model of violent crime, reinforcing spirals model), we further explore the relationship between pornography use, sexual fantasy, and behavior. We suggest that pornography use appears so persistent across time and culture because it is related to a human universal, the ability to fantasize. Consequently, pornography use seems to be an opportunity to acquire media-mediated sexual fantasies, and we believe that pornography use interacts with sexual fantasies and, to a much weaker extent, with sexual behavior. To assess our assumptions, we conducted a network analysis with a large and diverse sample of N = 1338 hetero- and bisexual participants from Germany. Analyses were done separately for men and women. Our network analysis clustered parts of the psychological processes around the interaction of sexual fantasies, pornography use, and behavior into communities of especially strong interacting items. We detected meaningful communities (orgasm-centered intercourse, BDSM) consisting of sexual fantasies and behavior, with some containing pornography. However, pornography use was not part of communities we perceive to account for mainstream/everyday sexuality. Instead, our results show that non-mainstream behavior (e.g., BDSM) is affected by pornography use. Our study highlights the interaction between sexual fantasies, sexual behavior, and (parts of) pornography use. It advocates for a more interactionist view of human sexuality and media use.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Klopp
- Department of Education, Saarland University
| | - Frank Schwab
- Institute Human-Computer-Media, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Würzburg
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Huntington C, Willoughby B, Rhoades G. Associations of Adolescents' Pornography Viewing with their Romantic Relationship Skills and Behaviors. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2024; 61:80-91. [PMID: 35856785 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2022.2096844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Research into adolescent pornography use has identified numerous individual-level behavioral and attitudinal correlates. However, associations between adolescents' pornography viewing and their romantic relationships remain understudied. Furthermore, very little is known about adolescents' watching pornography with their romantic partners (i.e., joint pornography use). The present study of adolescents (n = 755, 59.9% girls, M age = 15.72 years old [SD = 1.34]) is among the first attempts to link adolescents' pornography viewing behaviors to their romantic relationship attitudes and behaviors. We hypothesized that adolescents' viewing would be associated with poorer self-reported relationship skills, more negative relationship behaviors, and increased involvement in sexual activity, such as sexting. Partial support for these hypotheses was found. Frequency of overall viewing was associated with lower relationship and refusal skills. Lifetime joint pornography viewing was associated with higher rates of dating violence victimization and perpetration in the past six months and with more abusive behaviors from one's partner and more verbal conflict in the current dating relationship. Results, though cross-sectional, suggest that pornography viewing in adolescence is associated with poorer romantic outcomes. Implications for adolescent development and for healthcare providers and educators are discussed.
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Mori C, Park J, Racine N, Ganshorn H, Hartwick C, Madigan S. Exposure to sexual content and problematic sexual behaviors in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106255. [PMID: 37343427 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to sexual content, such as online pornography or live sexual content, has been posited in the literature as a risk factor for problematic sexual behaviors (PSBs) in children and adolescents, and has been identified as an important avenue for research and intervention, particularly given the ubiquitous access to technology among children. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between live/violent and non-violent sexual content exposure and PSB among children and adolescents. Objectives also include informing future research on sexual content exposure as a risk factor for PSB, and providing clinical recommendations related to prevention and intervention. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Results are based on 16,200 participants (28.65 % female; Mage = 14.26; range = 4.74-17.92) and 27 studies conducted in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. METHODS A systematic review was conducted of available literature published up to September 2021. Abstract and full-text review were conducted to assess whether studies met inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted on included studies. RESULTS Significant associations were found between exposure to non-violent sexual content and likelihood of engaging in PSB (OR = 1.82; p < .001; 95 % CI: 1.50-2.21), and between exposure to violent/live sexual content and PSB (OR = 2.52; p < .001; 95 % CI: 1.75-3.61). Sex emerged as a moderator of the association between exposure to non-violent sexual content and PSB, such that the association was stronger in studies with a greater proportion of females. CONCLUSIONS Results support the need for future research on risk factors and mechanisms implicated in PSB. Prevention and intervention programs for children with PSB and their families could benefit from incorporating education on sexual content exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Mori
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T3B 6A8, Canada.
| | - Julianna Park
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, 99 University Ave, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Nicole Racine
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier, Vanier 4087, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Heather Ganshorn
- Libraries and Cultural Resources, Taylor Family Digital Library, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Cailey Hartwick
- Child Abuse Service, Luna Child and Youth Advocacy Centre, 400-3820 24 Ave NW, Calgary, Alberta T3B 2X9, Canada.
| | - Sheri Madigan
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, 28 Oki Dr NW, Calgary, Alberta T3B 6A8, Canada.
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Lievesley R, Harper CA, Woodward E, Tenbergen G. Fantasy Sexual Material Use by People with Attractions to Children. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2023; 25:395-404. [PMID: 37523114 PMCID: PMC10506952 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-023-01435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW With the Internet allowing consumers easy access to fantasy and fictional sexual materials (FSM), it is becoming increasingly important to understand the context of their use among specific populations. Of particular, social, clinical, and legal interest is FSM use by people who are attracted to children and whether this may have a risk-enhancing or protective impact on their likelihood of committing a contact or non-contact sexual offence. RECENT FINDINGS There is a lack of data currently available in relation to the use of FSM by those with sexual attractions to children. Evidence from allied areas appears to show no meaningful associations between FSM use and sexual aggression. We propose a novel research program and some initial research questions that provide a theoretical framework for more evidence-based inquiry on FSM use by people who experience attractions to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Lievesley
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Craig A Harper
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Ellie Woodward
- NTU Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gilian Tenbergen
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Oswego, Oswego, NY, 13126, USA
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9
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Pathmendra P, Raggatt M, Lim MS, Marino JL, Skinner SR. Exposure to Pornography and Adolescent Sexual Behavior: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43116. [PMID: 36853749 PMCID: PMC10015350 DOI: 10.2196/43116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Formative experiences in adolescence lay the foundation for healthy and pleasurable romantic and sexual relationships. Exposure to pornography may affect these experiences. OBJECTIVE We aimed to synthesize evidence published in the past decade on the relationship between exposure to pornography and sexual behavior (earlier age of first sex [<16 years], condomless sex, past-year multiple partners [>1], lifetime multiple partners [>1], group sex, sexual aggression including forced sex, paid sex, teenage pregnancy, and history of sexually transmitted infection) in adolescents aged between 10 and 19 years. METHODS We identified 19 eligible studies by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science databases from January 2010 to November 2022. RESULTS Out of 8 studies that assessed earlier age of first sex, 5 studies, including 1 longitudinal study, found a statistically significant association with exposure to pornography. Given that most studies were cross-sectional or had substantial limitations, causal inference could not be made. Also, exposure to pornography was not measured consistently. The evidence was conflicting or insufficient to draw any conclusions regarding other outcomes. CONCLUSIONS More quantitative research is needed to elucidate the association between pornography exposure and sexual behavior, and sex education should adopt evidence-based approaches to minimize the potential harms from pornography. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42021227390; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=227390.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranujan Pathmendra
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
| | | | - Megan Sc Lim
- Burnet Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Marino
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Women's Hospital and University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - S Rachel Skinner
- Specialty of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, Australia
- Kids Research, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network, Westmead, Australia
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10
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Wright PJ, Herbenick D. Pornography and Relational Satisfaction: Exploring Potential Boundary Conditions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2022; 51:3839-3846. [PMID: 36042069 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-022-02406-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recent meta-analytic and other large-scale multi-sample studies have established that pornography use is generally associated with lower relational satisfaction. Nevertheless, much remains unknown about the potential boundary conditions of this relationship. Using data from a campus-representative probability sample of more than 750 graduate students in a committed romantic relationship, this exploratory study examined whether the association between more frequent pornography consumption and lower relational satisfaction was moderated by gender, sexual orientation, race, relational length, religious participation, and moral disapproval of pornography. The bivariate correlation between more frequent pornography use and lower relational satisfaction was small, but significant and replicative of prior meta-analytic results. Planned two-way interaction analysis indicated that this association was moderated by gender, with men, but not women, evidencing the negative association. None of the other potential moderators yielded significant two-way interactions. A supplementary three-way interaction analysis, however, suggested that the negative association between pornography consumption and relational satisfaction was primarily carried by White men. These results provide optimism for the replicability of previous findings on pornography and relational satisfaction and suggest that moderated models should incorporate race, in addition to gender, when predicting relational satisfaction from pornography use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wright
- Communication Science, The Media School, Indiana University, Bloomington, 601 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
| | - Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, 1025 E. 7th Street, SPH 116, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
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Nguyen TC, Donovan EE, Wright ML. Doula Support Challenges and Coping Strategies during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Maternal Health Inequities. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 38:1099-1110. [PMID: 34894931 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1991641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has made birthing more stressful and isolating, which has raised particular concern for populations of birthing people affected by maternal health inequities. Doulas have been proposed as one means of improving health outcomes by providing emotional, physical, and informational support to patients and their families before, during, or after labor. However, the social and economic conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic have posed new challenges for doula care. We conducted thematic analysis on 25 semi-structured interviews with practicing doulas in the United States to explore changes to doula care during the pandemic. Although doulas have faced many challenges in providing virtual and socially-distanced support during the pandemic, the rising use of telehealth among doulas has revealed new coping strategies and opportunities for virtual communication with the doula community. Our findings indicate that doula experiences during the pandemic can inform future doula care practices, particularly for birthing people of color and low-income birthing people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien C Nguyen
- College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas
| | - Erin E Donovan
- Department of Communication Studies, The University of Texas
| | - Michelle L Wright
- School of Nursing, The University of Texas
- Department of Women's Health, Dell Medical School
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12
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Jiang X, Wu Y, Zhang K, Bőthe B, Hong Y, Chen L. Symptoms of problematic pornography use among help-seeking male adolescents: Latent profile and network analysis. J Behav Addict 2022; 11:912-927. [PMID: 36067020 PMCID: PMC9872529 DOI: 10.1556/2006.2022.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Little data exist on exploring the subgroups and characteristics of problematic pornography use (PPU) in help-seeking adolescents. The aims of the study were to classify the subgroups among help-seeking male adolescents, explore their similarities and differences, and uncover their core symptoms. METHODS A total of 3,468 Chinese male adolescents (Mage = 16.64 years, SD = 1.24) who were distressed about their pornography use were recruited. The Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale, the Brief Pornography Screen Scale, and Moral Disapproval of Pornography Use were used to classify them. The General Health Questionnaire, the Pornography Craving Questionnaire, and the Sexual Compulsivity Scale were used to investigate participants' negative consequence related to their pornography use; and the Online Sexual Activity Questionnaire (OSAs) and time spent on pornography use every week were considered as quantitative indicators. RESULTS Help-seeking male adolescents could be divided into 3 profiles, namely, self-perceived problematic (SP, n = 755), impaired control (IC, n = 1,656), and problematic use groups (PPU, n = 1,057). Frequency of OSAs was important for the identification of SP individuals, while negative consequences were more effective in identifying individuals with objective dysregulated behavior. Salience and mood modification were shared by all groups; however, in addition to this, the SP and PPU groups also showed withdrawal symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study's results provide support for the presence of different profiles of help-seeking individuals and information on potential intervention targets among adolescents which is lacking in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliu Jiang
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Yudi Wu
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Department of Social Psychology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Beáta Bőthe
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada,Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada,Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Youjuan Hong
- School of Nursing, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China,Corresponding author. Tel.: +86-59122866562. E-mail:
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13
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Maas MK, Gal T, Cary KM, Greer K. Popular Culture and Pornography Education to Improve the Efficacy of Secondary School Staff Response to Student Sexual Harassment. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SEXUALITY EDUCATION 2022; 17:435-457. [PMID: 37274148 PMCID: PMC10237037 DOI: 10.1080/15546128.2022.2076757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As middle and high school students consume and create their own pornography or use it as a form of violence perpetration known as image-based sexual abuse, school staff struggle to find appropriate responses to these issues. As pornography use becomes more prevalent, and discourse on sexual violence more public, pornography education could become a tool for preventing sexual violence and promoting sexual health. In response, we explored the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of PopPorn, a 4-module pornography and IBSA professional development training program in a sample of staff who work for Midwestern public schools (i.e., schools providing free public education funded by tax dollars and maintained by local government). Results indicate that the majority of staff perceive student pornography use and IBSA perpetration to be critical problems that negatively impact school climate. Results also indicate that the PopPorn brief intervention increases staff knowledge of and efficacy in addressing pornography and IBSA-related problems and reduces harmful sexual double standard attitudes that have been linked to victim blaming in instances of sexual violence. This promising program adds to a growing number of media and pornography literacy interventions aimed at improving sexual violence prevention and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K Maas
- 13D Human Ecology Building, 552 West Circle Drive, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823
| | - Taryn Gal
- Michigan Organization of Adolescent Sexual Health, University of Washington
| | - Kyla M Cary
- 13D Human Ecology Building, 552 West Circle Drive, Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823
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Wright PJ, Tokunaga RS, Herbenick D. Perceived Similarity, Utility, and Social Realism as Potential Mediators of the Link between Pornography Use and Condomless Sex. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022:1-13. [PMID: 35164620 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2035084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the most consistent findings in content analyses of popular, commonly consumed pornography is the near absence of condoms. A recent meta-analysis found that pornography use is associated with an increased likelihood of condomless sex, but the studies available for analysis rarely included measures of potential cognitive mediators underlying the association. Following the sexual script acquisition, activation, application model (3AM) of mediated sexual socialization and the differential susceptibility to media effects model (DSMM), the present study examined whether linkages between pornography use and condomless sex are mediated by perceived similarity to actors in pornography and heightened perceptions of pornography's utility and social realism. Social realism and similarity mediated the association between pornography consumption frequency and condomless sex in simple mediation models, but only social realism remained significant in a parallel process model inclusive of all three mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Wright
- Communication Science Unit Director in the Media School at Indiana University, University of Arizona
| | - Robert S Tokunaga
- The Department of Communication at University of Texas, University of Arizona
| | - Debby Herbenick
- The Center for Sexual Health Promotion in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Indiana University
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Krahé B, Tomaszewska P, Schuster I. Links of Perceived Pornography Realism with Sexual Aggression via Sexual Scripts, Sexual Behavior, and Acceptance of Sexual Coercion: A Study with German University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:63. [PMID: 35010321 PMCID: PMC8751040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to pornographic material has been linked to sexual aggression perpetration and victimization in a large body of research. Based on social learning theory and 3A theory of script learning, this study contributes to this research by testing the hypothesis that the more realistic pornography is perceived to be by young adults, the more likely they are to experience and engage in sexual aggression. Two underlying pathways were proposed: one path via scripts and patterns of sexual behavior regarding consensual sexual interactions that contain established risk factors for sexual aggression victimization and perpetration, and a second path via the acceptance of sexual coercion. In a cross-sectional study, 1181 university students in Germany (762 female; 419 male) completed measures of pornography use and perception, risky sexual scripts and sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion. As predicted, pornography realism was a positive predictor of risky sexual scripts, risky sexual behavior, and acceptance of sexual coercion. Indirect links with sexual aggression victimization and perpetration were found via both pathways. No gender differences in the associations were found. The implications for media literacy interventions addressing the realism of pornography are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Krahé
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany;
| | | | - Isabell Schuster
- Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany;
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Andrie EK, Sakou II, Tzavela EC, Richardson C, Tsitsika AK. Adolescents' Online Pornography Exposure and Its Relationship to Sociodemographic and Psychopathological Correlates: A Cross-Sectional Study in Six European Countries. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8100925. [PMID: 34682190 PMCID: PMC8534324 DOI: 10.3390/children8100925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of online exposure to pornography in European adolescents and its relationship to sociodemographic and psychopathological correlates. A cross-sectional school-based survey of 10,930 adolescents (5211 males/5719 females), aged 14-17 years old (mean age 15.8 ± 0.7) was carried out in six European countries (Greece, Spain, Poland, Romania, the Netherlands, and Iceland). Anonymous self-completed questionnaires covered exposure to pornography, internet use and dysfunctional internet behavior, and psychopathological syndromes (measured by Achenbach's Youth Self-Report). The prevalence of any online exposure to pornography was 59% overall and 24% for exposure at least once a week. The likelihood of online exposure to pornography was greater in male adolescents, heavier internet users, and those who displayed dysfunctional internet behavior. Country-specific analyses confirmed that the gender effect existed in every country, although its strength varied, from an odds ratio of 1.88 in Poland to 14.9 in Greece. Online exposure to pornography was shown to be associated with externalizing problem scale scores, especially rule-breaking and aggressive behavior, but also associated with higher scores in competences, namely activities and social competence. Exposure to pornography is ubiquitous, more relevant to boys, and is associated with both positive qualities/competences and externalizing behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth K. Andrie
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-771-0824
| | - Irene Ikbale Sakou
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Eleni C. Tzavela
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
| | - Clive Richardson
- Department of Economic and Regional Development, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Artemis K. Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics, P. & A. Kyriakou Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (I.I.S.); (E.C.T.); (A.K.T.)
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